This color film, “Power and Promise—The Story of Shippingport” shows the development of Pennsylvania's Shippingport Atomic Energy Plant from the groundbreaking ceremonies on Labor Day 1954, when President Eisenhower waved an electronic wand in Denver to trigger a power shovel into operation at the site to dedication of the plant by the President. In addition to the construction problems, the film details the complexities of building the nuclear reactor and moving it into place through the steel shell. The film celebrates the "Atoms for Peace" concept throughout.
The Shippingport Atomic Power Station was (according to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission) the world’s first full-scale atomic electric power plant devoted exclusively to peacetime uses. It was located near the present-day Beaver Valley Nuclear Generating Station on the Ohio River in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, about 25 miles (40 km) from Pittsburgh. Shippingport was created and operated under the auspices of Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, whose authority included a substantial role within the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Its design team was headed by Alvin Radkowsky.
The reactor reached criticality on December 2, 1957, and aside from stoppages for three core changes, it remained in operation until October 1982. The first electrical power was produced on December 18, 1957 as engineers synchronized the plant with the distribution grid of Duquesne Light Company.
The first core used at Shippingport originated from a cancelled nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and used highly enriched uranium (93% U-235) as "seed" fuel surrounded by a "blanket" of natural U-238, in a so-called seed-and-blanket design; in the first reactor about half the power came from the seed.[6] The first Shippingport core reactor turned out capable of an output of 60 MWe one month after its launch. The second core was similarly designed but more powerful, having a larger seed.The highly energetic seed required more refueling cycles than the blanket in these first two cores.
The third and final core used at Shippingport was an experimental, light water moderated, thermal breeder reactor. It kept the same seed-and-blanket design, but the seed was now Uranium-233 and the blanket was made of Thorium. Additionally, being a breeder reactor, it had ability to transmute relatively inexpensive Thorium to Uranium-233 as part of its fuel cycle. The breeding ratio attained by Shippingport's third core was 1.01. Over its 25-year life, the Shippingport power plant operated for about 80,324 hours, producing about 7.4 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity.
Owing to the aforementioned peculiarities, some non-governmental sources label Shippingport a "demonstration PWR reactor" and consider that the "first fully commercial PWR" in the US was Yankee Rowe. Criticism centers on the fact that the Shippingport plant had not been built to commercial specifications. Consequently, the construction cost per kilowatt at Shippingport was about ten times those for a conventional power plant.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com
Reviewer:
pcornelius
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March 21, 2021
Subject:
An oddity for the astute
You may note that the reactor vessel has nozzles for water flow at the top as well as the bottom. This is a very unusual feature, shard (in the civilian world at least) only with Indian Point 1, otherwise known as the Consolidated Edison Thorium Reactor, another very early design. Civil light-water reactors typically have the inlet & outlet nozzles at the same level, above the core, so that no possible leak can drain the water below the core level.
"PWR", which has given its name to the world's most successful type of power reactor, began life as "LSR", the Large Ship Reactor. When LSR was abandoned, during the decade of back-&-forth over whether the Navy should use nuclear power for surface ships as well as submarines, Rickover, unwilling to let what had already been achieved go to waste, arranged for it to be taken over as part of the AEC's Power Reactor Demonstration Program. We might infer that some naval reactors, at least the STR ("Submarine Thermal Reactor", later S1W) used in USS NAUTILUS, had a similar nozzle arrangement, but even information almost 70 years old regarding naval reactors is still closely guarded.
The short fuel elements used in the blanket elements are also intriguing. The use of uranium dioxide in pellets, inserted into metal tubes, in the Shippingport blanket was the prototype for virtually all nuclear fuel assemblies used in the world today. In modern light-water reactors, however, the tubes are continuous along the full length of the fuel assembly, rather than being broken up into short segments.
