and drug bust ceilings for example i think the key features of mediæval and other ancient structures is a certain degree of flexibility in the original construction in the first more sides of the stone the medium size the stones and the mortar which joins them together as well as the use of term allows a certain amount of movement and subtle within the structure without completely compromising the integrity of the building as a whole and that therefore the imposition of some modern materials now it's hard cement which acts as a much more rigid type of structure it can give difficulties if not carefully managed that said we need to look back at the history of other repairs which have been made to cathedrals over the past and perhaps good examples include the post-war reconstructions period it's a reims in france after the first world war where a steel frame roof structure was included there which still stands today and that

gave a faster rebuilding time as well as a fireproof structure i'm not saying that that's precisely what should be done here but i'm saying there's a possibility of one of the things which can be considered when the quantity of remains of the existing roof has been analyzed and evaluated for suitability for incorporation into the repaired structure as well as of course in the context of whatever new kind of spire will be designed as of the competition that president macro has announced carry the dam was a process of renovation which was expected to take some twenty years before being completed and they were having problems with financing the whole. project do you think that things are changing you know and that they will not face any problems when it comes to this mammoth task yes well unfortunately this is one of the bright side of this catastrophe. i know that they did have they were still actively seeking funds for the restoration that was just ongoing and you saw the scaffolding

. in all the all the films of the flames burning i know they were seeking funds in the united states as well trying to get more support abroad and with this. near disaster with notre dam almost disappearing. there's been a spontaneous outpouring of support we've seen that with our organization of french heritage society where we normally raise funds only in the united states and some in france we launched a campaign on monday and we have over thirty five countries that have contributed so far. so and mostly private individuals giving an average of about eighty dollars so it shows that people are really. touched by notre dame and i think also the fact that this could have disappeared for me what was most moving on what happened monday night was not when the when the spire fell but at one point

during the evening when they said that they were not sure that they would be able to save the structure and just says we can't conceive the world without paris we can't conceive paris own notre dame fair enough and i think that's what we're feeling with all of these outreach that we're coming roberta i would like to go through some of the aspects of the real. reconstruction of the whole project because if you look at the building itself very much celebrated for its flying buttresses the. rose windows i mean if you have to go through technology to try to record a very thing and bring it back to exactly what used to look like just a few days ago how much time is it going to take i've heard it. in about a year. i don't now which will be. joy to be the end of our. hour and.

that it will and that is the situation will be. there imagine plain and damning and found it could be taken for doing it. i am not saying that there will be there will be. reason of investigation and decision and. collection of information that some advance before. actually honestly. say that. mine are on fire and not enough were ok. and it. would say sanity it is absolutely wrong. i see your point francis i mean this is general sentiment among the people who are affected by this. the size of the spire collapsing and the fire engulfing the blazing golfing the building that they were just wanted it to look exactly like

what used to be but this is a new era with different technology different new what materials what do you think should come first the need to rebuild it along the lines of the new technology or the need to maintain the structure the way it used to be although it's a five structure in a way the internal debate really in or restoration projects is precisely between the balance between the precise reconstruction of the building that's been lost or the degree to which it can be altered to incorporate new technologies and a lot of what informs decisions to answer that discussion comes from a really close analysis of the fabric that survives and that's going to take into account its significance and value and can has already touched on that and a lot more will also come from the condition of of the remaining fabric and whether it in fact can usefully be reintegrated into the restored not from down cathedral and we should also add that there will be some elements of modern alterations in

interventions which will undoubtedly be of use to people in the future we for instance would include better fire detection measures as an obvious one particular after a tragedy like this better means of preventing the spread of fire through the building detecting it and extinguishing it as well so there's always going to be a certain degree of innovation in any restoration project kerry many people are asking the question about how did it happen we know that all structures are flood level by definition because they are so fragile with the timber still there years as a wrapping but however is this something which is likely to open a debate about the need to upgrade safety measures along all the historical sites in friends all over the world yeah i think it may well and we have to remember that we were very fortunate in paris because notre dame is. isolated somewhat it's since on the point of the either less a day or so there is buildings to one side the river on the other side and then of

those square we have the city of paris itself has some ninety three churches that it's responsible for that are integrated right into the fabric of the city and we have many other cities throughout france where that's the case so and oftentimes funding is a critical issue so security was hand in hand with that and i think being right in the center of the city makes that even doubling more important europe in particular is very successful when it comes to reconstruction and restore ation plans we've seen of that with trust and with warsaw with italy with different parts of europe and this explains why people are optimistic that not all of them will be were built its glory days i think that we can do we can begin to be. we have. a lot of experience in that direction not on that side and we're there you know for

example usually we ever experience and really close up the weeks that we get. to do that. we are experiencing the. experience. of rigorous traction and different approaches being that being tested and in. the last think aeration. up the european community about the importance of election data and also it as there is asian not. just they're important but doing it one of the main aim of deliberation and one of the first part of that race should include imber and some of the. creation. of the and the. zation. believes and should not. all needed it

in the moment the four of us are out and must see to it mentally is more important then. what to do after the stroke it floats noticeable wanted to remove this kind of the. frances if you were to take part in the restoration work in not hard on what would be your first advice of the french government knowing that this is ultimately has become a universal symbol. it is a universal summer and that's why it's a world heritage site because in that respect it has something which belongs to humanity as a whole. we've talked already about the need for a full evaluation of what remains from the fire before making any decisions as to the precise process of reconstruction. as count said the not for the army is a symbol of paris and paris of course is the center of france so it will certainly

be rebuilt and in large measure because so much of the external fabrics as we will expect it to look the same as it does before the fire and that equally applies to the interiors there is going to be something spectacular i think which will replace the former spire in the middle of the future and the may be other opportunities internally once the table has been cleared away for other items to be introduced which will bring a new sense of wonder and joy to the place but i think one other thing really to note about the process of post fire reconstruction is that it does bring with it a sense of renewal there's a palpable sense of excitement we have been able to save more of not for down than seems likely on monday evening but we've also got the chance to renew it at the same time as a functioning and working building there's a project that was beginning at the time the fabric for a lot of the fabric repairs which were long overdue and to be able to undertake it

once in this way is perhaps more of an opportunity. than a tragedy before it's always worth noting that if you can good. going to say that if you can have unimpeded access to a structure you're able to focus far more completely on the task of reconstruction and you can with the building which remains occupied because of course during the probert the project which they were in visiting for the roof repairs of the external fabric is all they need to keep not for dam open the whole time before but now i think is a better opportunity to a more complete project before we're up about zero zero zero or conversely. i would like to hear from the three of you have appreciate really mewe being briefed on this particular question we're seeing these are support of emotions about the collapse of the spire of the fire of the not a whole but the same time you look at the world that are places perhaps more ancient than not completely destroyed. by war in places like syria

yemen forgot to stand sub-saharan africa what do you think should be done to prevent such loss of human treasure i was lost with the carrot yes if it's a difficult question because. unfortunately the areas where this is taking place are areas that there's not a lot of state control anymore or there are you know there's active conflicts going on i know there's a debate too about to what degree when when peace comes should those things be restored if they can be but it also comes down to i think there is a bit of inequality when you when you see the more developed countries in in the west and especially urban centers naturally they tend to get more attention there's more focus on them they're more resources that are devoted to them just because more people are familiar with those areas roberto it's in our region were those are

issues. we experienced the fire areas the same routes the same changes the reason you get a. feel of the very interesting feel of a search. on to protect the remains to damages that. already certainly. can. you know jewelry an ordinary age because of a lot of possible accepts ok and it. meets not only structural action on the collection on the ridge but i think the dimension is the. dissemination of information to be take all our clubs closer to do. they have to stay in we stay in the reason we also for. and this. is

the francis in less than twenty seconds piece it's a question of who can take responsibility for these places who can look after them who can bring the resources to them we know that they're remote we know that there are vulnerable we know that there is limited government that so ultimately it's the world heritage organizations and for me to step forward here francis maude roberta julia karen archer thank you very much indeed for your contribution to the program and thank you too for watching you can see the program again any time by visiting our website and as you know dot com for further discussion go to our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash a.j. it's a story you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle is a james i saw it for me but on the hot in here i want to.

whether online through with to the concert for them we've got this or if you join us on saturday all of us have been colonized in some form or some fashion this is a diana we are talking about a legal front and you have seen what it can do to somebody just people using multiple drugs including a funnel and some people are seeking it out everyone has a voice from the us your boss your twitter and you could be on the street and join the global conversation on mt is iraq. their dreams have turned out to be disappointment. if anyone called me to say he'd leave egypt. advise him not to come three young north africans tell the story of how europe is

not all they hoped it would be. al-jazeera won't welcome to its name. coming. up the tour was. i'm richelle carey and oh hobbies are the top stories on al-jazeera and libya fighters loyal to the u.n. recognize the government have launched a new campaign against warlord khalifa in the south forces are battling government troops for control of the capital tripoli a group aligned to the government has taken advantage of hof taras forces being. tied up in the north to capture one of his bases in southern libya. reports that

the post's signees president omar al bashir has been sent to the country's most notorious jail that is not calming down the anger protesters are demanding proof of his arrest mohamed evolve reports from khartoum. sudan's former president of model bashir is reported to have been moved from house arrest to a maximum security prison there were protesters on cartoons three pts welcomed the news. but then the months go much further we are so much happy to hear that the president has been moved to a prison that is still not sure what it will be i don't want to assume that we want the president to be in prison but not only here much of it but the whole region what he would have been brought to the. phrase and it would be on a day now we have no very. information and people have been brought to the. brazen . wednesday the military council announced a series of measures including b.r.s.

different. best. along with a number of the high and i can officially of the former regime is difficult but the council's spokesman hasn't confirmed that the when abouts of the depots the president and i thought up the arrests are underway of symbols of the i stood regime in addition to others who are believed to be linked to corruption cases the most prominent of those who have been placed in custody until night or the brothers of the former head of this corrupt regime abdullah and. the council welcomed the cease fire from one faction of the sudan people's liberation movement the group has been fighting and the shoes government into cell phone regions. meanwhile the two main bodies behind the protest sudan professional association and the forces of the declaration of freedom. say they have submitted the people with. including the creation of a civilian presidential council with military representation to the county alone

with the civilian cabinet mate independent technocrats but protesters say they fear what may happen if the vote is parties failed to agree on a plan you know the disagreements with me and failure and an opportunity for the military to stay in power how does the khartoum government and pakistan had ambushed a bus and then kidnapped and killed fourteen passengers reliance of a large separatist groups is claiming responsibility for the attack this is on the main road between karate and the port what are has more from islamabad. this particular attack took. a. job. just gone. and then.

that identity documents were checked afterwards do you know of those people who were taken. to the location where they were short. have claimed responsibility for that they have been involved in attacks against. and this is of course. the country north korea no longer wants u.s. secretary of state might pompei or involve the nuclear talks state media says the government has called. for someone who in their words is more careful and mature and communicating in a nation's president has declared victory and wednesday's election but the official outcome won't be known until next month unofficial results show president ocoee doto heading for a comfortable reelection went over the former army general a mile or so the on tone security forces have warned his supporters against violent protests. as are the headlines keep it here on al-jazeera much more news to come

witness the confession as next. the dream that i had to think it was in one thousand three hundred ninety four is

probably the most profound dream that i've ever had because it came true but it begins with. me walking. in a circle in what seems to be a prison with my arabic teacher. marked every teacher was a is a great pacifist. and we are being surrounded by soldiers who pointing guns at us. as we're walking i'm saying to him to brother how much of this human. ational we're going to stand and take and he says to me patients still other patients. as he's saying this to me. everybody's fired upon. all of us walking in the circle in this prison are fired upon and everybody stops and starts dropping like flies except me. five months ago sat in the same started this cruel war against kuwait the night the battle has been joined

. around one thousand nine hundred ninety one i was a regular teenager was someone who was struggling with concepts of identity really was i british was i muslim was an asian was a pakistani as i started to think about my options for the future it was then but the gulf war broke out many muslims of watch the developments in the gulf with growing dismay some muslims see the present conflict as a war against islam. i had been beaten up by racist skinheads i've been told numerous times from school on words from second race school never in the jewish school that i went to go home how do i call myself british when there are

organizations like the british movement who tell me that i'm not british. everybody wants to be part of something and so part of my journey would be finding belonging in a ghetto finding belonging in my father's tales of old india trying to be black speaking with a part while accent and so there was a whole process of trying to find where i fit and eventually i came at the end of that journey actually islam. included all. one for war began in the balkans i remember being shocked at these people being killed because they were muslims. when i saw what was happening to them i thought that's happening to me because i'm a muslim i went on this long convoy and in a matter of days we were in bosnia i was slightly scared going into was

all. i got there and saw destroyed houses the famous bridge and most other member the graveyards filled with new graves and then spending time at refugee centers in these be trucks villages contrast it against the brutality. then i came to a place which was part of. the third corps. good coffee army a post on sco or they are was an army was made up of foreign volunteers and local bosnians it reinforced for me the sense of. a muslim identity the transcends national boundaries there was a sense that these were the bravest and the most effective of the fighting forces. they called themselves of course mujahideen is the terminology they used to

describe themselves so when i saw the good change in a come from around the world to do what these united nations forces would not do. i felt not only is this the right thing to do is the only thing to do i support them . and it is waking me up to a wider reality. in ninety two job was that connected with bosnia and with that personal development and ninety eight i think that's one we opened my friend and colleague of mine a bookshop an islamic bookshop that was part of my development into the from being somebody who's. partially islamic to somebody who's fully islamic it was of course during this period that i started getting under the radar of the security services.

the bodies of eleven americans killed in the nairobi bombing are on their way home to the united states a somber process that's brought grief to the nation and anger to government leaders vowing to track down those responsible today ordered forces to strike at terrorist related facilities now just fancy them because of the imminent threat they presented to our national security. this man was the target of the american missiles or some a bin large the saudi fundamentalist who's used his personal fortune estimated at two hundred million pounds to fight american interests worldwide pledging a holy war to ordinary people in sudan the american missile strike on khartoum was shockingly unexpected from their government all they have heard is that it was a totally unjustified act of united states terrorism. i've always understood that my view on the west was i've been extremely critical of it it's also my own source

or only one of the language i speak i think in this land which is a place where my mother is buried my sister's buried and my kids grew up and where i grew up it's where i have my memories of childhood and happiness and joy. coming into conflict with the west would also mean coming into conflict with home and that's something i've never ever want to do i percolated. i remember distinctly there was a. knock on my daughter early morning around six o'clock and i opened the door three able to men and a woman and they said mr beck would like to talk to us and a really odd one of them identify themselves as a police officer the other guys didn't really say who they were. they sat down and we spoke and it was about an individual somebody i knew.