for your soul, the last more news comment analysis whenever you want it on our website, the address out to 0 dot com. ah, this is al jazeera, these are your top stories at exactly 1430 gmc, the us will provide a written response to russia. security proposal next week, high level talks have been held in geneva to defuse the tension surrounding ukraine . russia once limits on nato expansion. at the end of our meeting, we agreed that next week the us is going to present us with reading to all of us. and you also said, in particular, that you claim, as new representative threats to russia. i would like you once again remind every

friend who analyzes our public statements and our analysis. and i would like to say that never before has russia. so it's a visual represent is the green people because based on our discussion, i believe we can carry forward this work of developing understanding agreements together that ensure or our mutual security. but that's contingent on russia stopping, it's aggression toward ukraine. so that's the choice, the gross faces. now, it can choose the path to diplomacy that can lead to peace and security or the path that will lead only to conflict. so if you're consequences and international condemnation, the red cross says more than 100 people have been killed or injured by a saudi led coalition. as strike in yemen, it happened the prison than the who's the rebel stronghold offset. our rescue operations are now underway to find survivors as strikes have intensified across the country in the port city of data in western. yet,

monopolies 4 people were killed and 17 wounded there. who the rebels say the saudi led forces struck the communications building. i saw has attacked a prison in syria briefly freeing some of their fighters cut his forces who control the area a car bomb struck the prison gates as detainees began rising the fights as were later recaptured aid from around the world. busy is being sent to toner of the pacific island country, cleans up off from major volcanic eruption and the son army that followed it. at least 3 people died after the erection on saturday. the funeral of marley's former president abraham burbock a cater has taken place in the capital city. bummer co. he died on sunday at the age of 76. kids at lead molly for 7 years, but was forced from power in 2020 by the military following huge antique government protest up next. it's the stream i will see you very soon by on counting the cost one year of the biden administration. how has the u. s. economy fed unemployment

done, but inflations, pop, and americans unhappy about it? and also turkey's unconventional approach to inflation? could it actually boost economic growth? counting the cost on al jazeera, i hi, anthony ok. lance cited a, an underwater volcano, erupted off the coastline of tongue. it blasted ash and stone into the air, and also was followed by an army. how all the residence of tongue they're doing. his way home with the latest tongue was cut off from the rest of the world when the disaster struck a submarine fiber optic cable was severed. and we'll take at least 4 weeks to repair. in the meantime, some satellite phone and internet connections have been set up, allowing more footage to emerge of the devastation caused by the volcano and su

nami, for some family in new zealand. the slight improvement in communication has come as a relief, even though everything. parts of thought houses be washed away, the crops, but we're here, they're all fairly in offering a well at the moment in tongue. okay. at the moment but what about in the future? joining the stream to talk about the impact volcano on toner. louise, shane and katie, i'm going to get them to introduce yourself themselves to you international audience at new a say good to have a hey on the street. how have you as you are? and what you do is i'm the wastewater house. i'm the owner, a consul general for the kingdom of toner in australia. and i've been in my role in a voluntary capacity for about 25 years or more. and so we've,

we've had exposure to this, okay, know, going back to 988 coming and going, but never been at this level. vital, extraordinary situation. we find ourselves in as alignment so glad to have you here on today. sure. hello shane. you're very welcome. please introduce yourself to athey willis. my laurie lee. my name is sharon cronin. i'm a vulcan ologist. i work at the university of oakland in new zealand. i've spent a long time working on taunting volcanoes, and i'm working with a large team of international and new zealand woken ologist trying to understand this ongoing situation. and so joining us in, hello, katie, welcome to the stream. tell our audience who you are and what you day. hi everyone . i'm katie greenwood. i'm the head of delegation for international federation of red cross and red prison here in the pacific. and i work with all of our different red cross organizations right across the pacific, including the tongue and red cross. i've been working in and around the pacific for

the last 15 years or so. absolutely love it plays to so with these people. all right, so we have title shown and the weeds and you, if you want you to and you can ask them questions. they have so much expertise to share with you and experience. the comment section is right here. join it and be part of today's show. i am wondering louise and shane. what it looks like in tonga today, louise, you start. it looks like a moon. we went from one moment of green, luscious cuff coconut, far for a station to just a landscape greyish everywhere. and i mean absolutely everywhere the aerial photos is just everything looks black and gray evenly, airport was closed for 3 days and needed 100 people, including volunteers, to sleep at clear. and you can just imagine black suit being covering everything. you have all the islands of tama just covered insult shang,

we're looking at some up some picture i don't want to. i don't want to sort of, i don't play how serious and, and terrible the situation is, you know, for the beautiful country of tomba. but i was very relieved when i did say these images because there is definite impact. and obviously the tsunami and the ash impact has been, has been massive, but i was so much i x, i feared, actually worse, given the explosive the of the event. and i feared they could have been even 10 to 20 centimeters of asheville, for example. and it seems in that you seem to meet around so you know, this is an immediate issue, but i believe that the recovery will be swift. let's talk about recovery when italian effort. i'm going to bring in quinn ada klegg from the humanitarian network council for international development. i'm going to play how comment that she sent us a little bit earlier, kathy and i respond directly off the back of it. he's with this is

a really hot and challenging emergency in china and we, patchy and limited communications. we're really struggling to make contact with that is on the ground. but what we're hearing from the government is that also and few is critical. and the time government is also desperately trying to pay out of the country. so the best thing people can do right now is the agencies through cash donations and that money will get to the communities on the ground for delivering back critical. and we know this will be a terrible crisis for many years to come with significant ongoing impacts to the communities of china. many a lot has been said there and it's absolutely right there. everything in that, that compensation right from the challenges that we face as an international humanitarian community in responding have been a little bit unprecedented, particularly in the 72 hours of this disaster. when we couldn't get in touch with

people on the ground at all. and we just have to trust that all the preparedness and the training and the response and the pre positioned relief supplies that we had on there on the ground. i was going to do the job. and you know, i think that a number of things have been said there, the challenge is also the overlay coded. we do not want to be swapping one disaster for another at this particular point in time. and so the kingdom of toner is absolutely right to have some of the protocols that they've got in place, they're around response. the other thing that was mentioned is the sort of the time range on, on recovery there. so we know that in disaster we but sure and medium and long term kind of response windows. and they're all critically important. but they all look slightly different from each other. if you can explain the water challenges for tongue that because i believe there are no rivers in tonga, so when a is a synonymy or a natural disaster,

like the one tongue is experiencing right now. how much more to a sam let the from them we have the most of the water is either ball water or 3 water tanks and it was water tanks have been polluted with yes. coming through the air. so it's just an absolute disaster. we're trying to get more to supplies in and already yesterday, new sealant and australia into over emergency water. but we're also looking to try and find some water purification in the thing is that see me, it's not just the water, it's the air quality. you can imagine the breathing of this ash in the end. fortunately, he was simply a container of mass 250000, which were not needed for coven, but maybe now they're coming in handy. the other thing which has been the disaster is the entire crop. the whole crop has been destroyed by the ash coverage to come over the island. so you can imagine we had this immediate disaster of what drinking water is it you breathe, but also the ongoing disaster of food. but just really worried about what's going

to happen for china going forward. send me a wine and others. sorry, i think shane and others have got really good information to people on the water situation. and then how would it can be treated that area in town, and that's absolutely. and the, that water supply situation and we're seeing from the pictures of that not only are the roofs damaged, but also many of the tanks damaged. so if the, if there are water tanks that are being preserved and you know, they're, they're ex, can disconnected from the roofs, that water will still be safe to drink. and the boil water will still be safe to drink as well. but it obviously needs power to extract that. and because the ash, when it falls, it will cover plants and, and cause lots of damage to the green leafy parts of plants. it is not poisonous and of itself. so root crops will still be fine to eat. tyro yams, comalla,

other types of root crops, cassava they will still be fine to 8, and obviously the leafy crops will be impossible. the will. the water in of itself again, is also not as not poisonous. there's not heavy meters there, it's salts, it's it's acidity. so under the worst case scenario, you can drink that water. it may cause stomach upsets for children, and people have sensitive stomachs, but i just want to emphasize that people should not be discarding water. if there is a fear, you'll taste the water, it will be metallic tasting. and that will be an indicator that there's a bit of acidity in there, but it is not an inherently dangerous. and i just wanted to make sure that people weren't necessarily discounting water and we've had some reports of that in other parts of the percent. and that is so good to know shame because that's one of the things it's been stressing out in the community thinking that the,

the water would be not only polluted to poisonous. so that's such of a thank you, then sharing that there been some indications that the volcanoes may arise because the thing shocked i wasn't thinking since about november. so that those, those units, right? knowing the cases that tongue had to be ready to get ready. 202020 hindsight is a great thing. and so we're, we're seeing now all of the signs that that lead up to this large levine. so we were seeing, obviously i will, last decades, there has been activity, but we were also seeing uplift of the central part of that volcano over the last 5 years. and in terms of corals being uplifted and things like that. and we also saw an early evidence of this sudden eruptions 30th of december and the 13th of january. so these were short lived explosive events,

and they were telling us that gas was building up in the volcano. the pressure was rising. we bet we couldn't really tell from a day to day a process when that was going to actually happen though, because there is no monitoring on site. it brings us back to the point with around the communications. the infrastructure is so poor and many of the south pacific countries, and there is little support internationally to try and bring over lang, layers of infrastructure. we're talking communications obviously, but also in terms of has it warning? we have so little information to go on because there are no working seismometer nearby and the, the team on the ground. i mean there's fantastic are geology team in tonga, tonya, tonya, ella kula and his team at the geological services. they've been having to go out on boat to watch the activity of, of the or option as it, as it happens, which is really, really dangerous for them. it's also very difficult because you are reacting to a situation rather than trying to forecast it. so we've been trying to help tanya

and as team using as much which is retain and obviously international communities being pouring in here we, we've had people from the usa and either u. k. and all over the world that are pouring the knowledge into helping this through through the year through the m m. okay, so question, i've got some questions as always, very curious. so let me, let me share this one with you katie. first of all, this one is on twitter and the tweet in response to our program subject. today, everyone seems to, to depend on cables and satellite. how about some good old ham radio lamb must in such remote places. i mean, part of the, an anxiety of the tongan diaspora is they don't know what happened to their family and their friends woods radio. katie would that make a difference? it already has made a difference in the initial hours of this response. so i,

i saw that sorta tweet like that earlier in the way can completely agree that we need some low tech, low expense, you know, fixes in, in the mix in all of these places. so we did use a chip radio in the early hours. certainly that was used within toner itself. when all communications went down, so like everything, you need a mix high tech solutions a fantastic and when shine was talking then i was really reminded of the old adage of building back better. and as we do build back in talk after this disaster, i think, you know, we and red cross will be thinking about things like do we need to face that on our building for red cross because that's the, in the days after this, that's the only way that disaster cooperation has been able to happen, and that's been shared really well by people who have it usa, the asian development bank and others, you know,

are really helping out with that. but do we need that? do we need, you know, more radio technology so that if these things happen and you know, people can communicate with each other, i think that the high tech solutions are fantastic. but we also need some low cost low tech to be able to scale up our responses really quickly on the ground. i'm going to put another question milano, you change actually, that, that are liam's of multiple technologies. i think the resilience of multi technologies certainly important things and i have so many questions for you. so i'm just going to, i'm going to pop of them because they already, it's a really came to, to find out more this one louise is from chance. this is a clear example. what happened to tom that is a necessity of disaster preparedness. and for other states, king you were practicing you were getting prepared? was it enough, luis? i don't think it's ever enough that yes, we're right. i think we said we saved lives with all the preparedness for pacin

army in this in army warnings and drills that have been going on in honor over the last few years. have been definitely a great help. but yes, you never prepared enough, but what i wanted to say also is when we talk about connectivity and technology that the cable that connects taller to the outside world. that means to the southern cross cable that goes from australia via fiji to the states that ran actually right alongside this volcano. so we couldn't have been in a worse position. so when we had the eruption, then of course the 1st thing to break was the, was the cable in. and it broke into house one besides the volcano and the other. another area because it was sitting on a coral reef and close the coral cut through the cable. and the problem we have now is to repair this cable. it's going to take 34 weeks because we have to bring a boat from, from parker in new guinea and, and obviously accessing difficult condition. so that's why we, we need to come back to simple technology and,

and be able to go back to the old days where we could, you know, call without having a satellite or without having a cable. and i think it was a good point about the ham radio. i also the disaster preparedness angle that you're talking about is absolutely critical. and i think shines that at the beginning that he was, you know, almost pleasantly surprised that the effects of the volcano and synonymy were not as catastrophic as we 1st thought that they might be when we were watching from afar. and i have definitely, you know, we have definitely had that feeling as well. we expected mass casualties. we expected absolute devastation and, you know, to, to not have that. that's as a result of people knowing what to do, being well informed, having well coordinated people on the ground who had supported evacuations and the like in end that, you know, we've had pre prepared stocks ready to the 1200 families on the ground ready to go

immediately with the things that people made that, that preparedness just cannot be underestimated. there's so much for a whole lot about how true memory. yeah, yeah. i think cultural memory after all that of disaster events around around toner, in the pacific and, and so people are, you know, really respond well should natural signs for example, when the water goes out before soon i me hearing booms and feeling earthquakes. and so people are very naturally resilient, but the incredible efforts of ongoing efforts of organizations like like the red cross and like the south, the sort of community and so on to, to keep bringing these messages through to the modern day is very important. i'm gonna tell you the other thing that seem like right now is i'm going to move on just a little bit wasting things, things malcolm like this to you, i would have been in, has a handling because there's a lot of fascination and curiosity about volcanoes. this underwater volcano, this is what has told us a little bit earlier. what made this particular option difficult to categorize,

was it usually when we assign a size or a magnitude to interruption? we use 2 main factors. these are how high that the plume goes into the atmosphere, but also the amount of material, the volume of material that's been rejected. and what was quite unusual about this erosion is that it was an extremely powerful eruption that produced ashan gas that reached at least 30 kilometers into the atmosphere in current estimates suggest even as high as 39 kilometers high. but despite i actually, it was a very short duration interruption and it didn't produce a lot of material that we want to expect from a magnitude version of that power and explosive nature. so shane has what she was saying earlier. the devastation was not as bad as he was expecting it to be. katie, you heard the volcano and you were where? oh, i'm in fiji, which is 7 or 800 kilometers away from toner. and yes,

we on saturday afternoon heard this light booming sound almost like cannon shot. so loud thunder, no clouds in the sky, no reason. our windows and doors also shook for about half an hour. and i just couldn't understand what it was. we actually thought there was a quite happening here fiji and then all the alerts started to come through. so. ready i can't imagine what the sound must have been like for people in toner. louis, what is it like when you see that footage? we're looking at the interruption right now. you know, it's uh, the coastline of tonga. is that your thinking nightmare? of course it is. it is excellent nightmare. and the curious thing about this is with knowing about is under water volcano and it's been popping up and popping down and, and i remember back in 1988, but then king sent a boat out with a flag to claim this new island photographer. so we all laughed and said, now we have not $172.00 islands, but we have a $173.00. so it's been a bit of

a curiosity. we've never ever thought it was going to be said. ange us as this and, and now of course we know that this volcanoes is, could have on a 1000 years cycle. that means that the last climate erupt, it with this magnitude was in, in 105080. and we now know that it was actually due to erupt is about now in the next decade or so. so it's, it's extraordinary, it's been under our noses in coming and going over the last x years. and we've just thought of it as a curiosity. shine, excuse me for asking you as a professor to do a speed round on volcanoes, but i know you're out. yeah, i've got so many questions here for you. all right, so james reedy, what is the current activity? yeah, good question. and i was about to say one of the most important things that we as a community invoke and all that just to trying to understand now is what's gonna happen next. so we've had our big event and what are they going to be more options? and that's the most important question we're focusing on. so currently the, the new zealand volcano science advisory group,

or with all universities across the country, plus gene a science way, coordinating all of our knowledge and equipment. we have people and equipment standing by. as soon as we get ash, samples from tonga will be able to start assessing with a new magma was involved in this or option to trigger it, or whether it was triggered by style old magma that's been sitting there. and just expanding. imagine like a loaf of bread inside the top of the volcano, as it sits there, it expands and puts pressure on the volcano and causes the, you know, extremely violent eruption that we've seen. not only the magma but also the interaction of magma and water, gave it that huge power. what we want to know urgently is it is then you magma that has cause that. because if we can see the signs of that and we know how to recognize that we've got specialized instruments at the university of oakland to look at that. we will then be on alert for an ongoing larger eruptions.

we know from the geological record that some of these events occur with up to 10 or 12 different major ruptured phases. you could probably say we've had say, 3 larger phases so far. so we could be at the beginning of a longer story and that's what we really want to know. so i'm actually at my house with 2 more questions because i really want, you would have to have to have your expertise, but you have to answer them in a sentence professor. all right, i had the volcano is under the ocean, but that help with that was damaged was in no the other way around. and it was under a 1000 meters or more of water. it would dampen it. it was the perfect amount of water to mix efficiently. you might lash water to steam and it blows out jonathan on you, cheapness and christ, church new zealand. he says there's a lot of activities and it should be wide about a reaction, any time soon that ah, these volcanoes are all on the same tectonic structure, but they operate on their own time scales. they have their own magnet plumbing

systems. so they are separate from each other, one more cheeky question from j. gina, i admire, i, my, you're what's for here at st. ease of ok of vulcan ologist. why didn't he predict the, are russian? yeah, i can certainly predict the eruption on a geological scale, but we waive our arms in the distance and say, hey, it can't be in the next set of teen to a 100 years. the problem is on a daily scale. we need monitoring equipment. and we also need a lot more experience of understanding this particular volcano. it's a pretty tough science to call on a day to day or now to our basis again is i will keep peace for the whole week to do a show, shane and katie. anyways, they're so much to talk about, but i really appreciate how much you've told us about the aftermath of the tongue of volcano. what needs to happen? i'm going to leave the final words of this show with joseph sic, hulu. he's a pacific director of 350 dot or answer watching. i see you next time.

the thing that has already begun and tongue is like island is all over the pacific under strangest natural disasters. in the resilience of our people against the escalating climate crisis means that our people are already equipped to recover from this disaster to the ropes. recovery will be a long one and over the next few days will begin to fully understand the effect. the ass from eruption has had only one assistance in agriculture. rollins. as a recovery begins impala, the rest of the songs around the world, you mobilize it, organize all the support and resources, we can back her, we will rebuild and recover. this is what we have always done. ah

frank assessments, this crisis is continued to weaken a look a shall go up, even though perhaps he believes in the beginning. there have been informed opinions . i think politicians will now be under incredible pressure from the young people. that is one of the most hopeful things that come out of this critical debate. do you think that they should be facilitated? not choke it, right? it's a really simple question. let's give samuel a child. swans that inside story on al jazeera, charged with crimes against humanity, $4000.00 counts of torture and $58.00 cases of murder, rape, and sexual violence. people in power trucks, the 1st ever war crimes trial over syrian high ranking officer. i am taking part of

this trial because he did something bad to me and to others as fearful. i don't good. i focus about job as part of that. he's in the trial of on one of them are 2 on i just gotta freefall precision. these athletes are experts in the art of jumping out of planes. more than 40 military parachuting teams have descended here to the desert of could tar to compete for the world championship title. the competitors are all active military members and have been training for years to get here. most have tens of thousands of jumps to their names . each country will compete in 3 disciplines. freefall, skydive, accuracy, landing, and 4 way formation. men and women compete separately. but under the same flag, you know, i can't do a story about parachuting and not jump out of a plane as we climb up the teams mentally prepare for their job. i try to do the

same then minutes later, once the earth is just a blurb below it's time to free fall. ah, this is al jazeera ah, hello, i'm adrian finnegan. this is that he is alive from dough hop. coming out to the next 60 minutes, agreeing to disagree, crisis talks between the u. s. and russia, ukraine end without a breakthrough. fundamental principles that the united states in our partisan allies are committed to defense. that includes those that would impede the sovereign right of ukrainian people to write their own future. there is no traits

space there not as strike spot a saudi led coalition killer place 60 people in here.