fought on vietnam. at 7:30 eastern, part of american history tv this weekend on c-span2. >> october last year malala yousafzai who live in northern pakistan was shot in the head and the neck by taliban gunman who tried to assassinate her for being an outspoken supporter of education for girls. she was 15 years old. during this next event hosted by politics and prose bookstore this -- malala yousafzai was interviewed by her father by michele martin of npr. this is about an hour. a [applause] >> this is breaking the quaker

tradition but i want to start by quoting a very smart journalist friend of mine who's said in this country we have it all wrong, we stand up for judges that's it for teachers. let me say again we stand up for judges but we sit for teachers. i would like to review think about it if they do their jobs properly it is less likely we will need those judges so if you don't mind, if you don't mind i would ask if the educator's here would stand so the we may honor you properly for the bush -- the work that you do. [applause] >> and to be sure you are properly recognized, the head of my children's school is here with two of her colleagues. i don't know why you are hiding but we are glad you are here so

that being said welcome to you both, we are happy to see you and you are heavily happy to be seen. i cannot forget it was year ago this week, a year ago this week that these terrible events occurred. it seems like a long time ago. doesn't it? >> i don't feel something has happened to me. when i think of malala yousafzai, there are pictures, and everything, i don't think that is me because i am feeling it. i am just a normal girl, and i am feeling powerful because after that incident, the people and the good wishes of people

that people have sent me, in their prayers that have made me more powerful so i am really happy now and i don't feel like i was shot. >> one of the things i've learned from your book is what -- which is wonderful, by the way of i-man recommended, this is really a family story. this is a story and a sacrifice made by all of you in the family so i will start by asking what do you most admire about your father? [applause] >> i am thankful to him because he and my mother gave me back, he is a great father and i was inspired by him because when terrorism was spreading at that time it was not easy to speak

but. people who spoke were slaughtered the next day. more than 400 schools -- it was really hard to speak at that time and my father did. and a my was quite inspired by him and that is why i also speak of for the rights of every girl to get education and go to school. >> with the most admirer about malala yousafzai? >> a difficult question. i think malala yousafzai is an average girl. she never ignored me.

she always jokes. she is very humorous. i am very serious. i don't know why. she has so many -- one special quality which she has, she doesn't commit a mistake again. if she has made any mistake in life, she doesn't repeat her mistakes. she is very respectful to her teachers, to her elders, to all her brother's, she is a good girl. i love her. >> it does start with you. you ran a girls' school in pakistan that you attended and i have to ask what gave you this passion for girls' education? it is one thing when you are the

person who is on the bottom to want to rise but another when you are on the top and want to share the privileges that you as a man and head of households so where did you get your passion for girls' education? >> i was born in a society where not only in our society, developing poor countries, in developed countries, women are not given that status rich men have for centuries. from the beginning i was very sensitive to this discrimination. my father used to lead prayers in the mosque. he was a great speaker but he

was very broad minded and he also taught me many things and i learned from him so many things. in the same home i had five sisters and none of them got an education. until my high school like could not see any girl in my school in my classroom so you can imagine that education was -- i mean -- in such a situation i was very sensitive to this discrimination. the milk and cream, my sister

was given only tea. this kind of discrimination. later on i became more sensitive to these discriminations, and when she was born and girls toward discrimination and crazy about them, boys and girls, women and men are equal and this simple biological difference between men and women should not be for political and social discrimination. i usually tell people -- special training for your daughter, i usually tell people, ask me what i have done, rather asked me

what i did not do which was done by parents. i did not clipped her wings to fly. i did not stop her from flying ants for start, they can fly and i always you a message to the parents. suffering, talk to your daughter's. and educate your daughter's. they are amazing. [applause] >> one of the things i have heard you say which has not gotten a lot of attention, you said this at the united nations when you spoke there earlier this year is you are not just fighting for the rights of girls, but also the rights of boys to get education, including

the children of the terrorists and i would like to ask you to tell us about that. why do you feel that way? >> there has been discrimination in our society and men have been doing this for centuries but this time there is going to be change. speaking up for girls's rights, and we must believe in equality and have decisions with justice, not only speak about girls's rights but also speak about boys's rights because in many countries they cannot go to school because of child labor. the only job is to earn a. we also need to speak up for

them because tomorrow there will be so many boys out of school. if you want to bring change you must do it with justice. >> one of the things i learned from your book which i am not sure everyone understands is your family was under threat for a very long time. this is not something that just happen overnight. it was really years that you fear for your safety and for your family's safety, that you were being threatened for a very long time and a lot of people would be interested to know how you sustained yourself through that period. how did you keep going? >> of course. a long time, for the last week peer four years, not only me

because especially -- hoping leaders, hundreds of builders being killed, being assassinated. i was one of them and i took care in my own way but i didn't have any security, but one has to live. there is no option. when she was targeted just ten months before, she was -- i mean, they issued a warning that if she is speaking against us and we will not direct it, we will kill her, not only her but

us included, social activists. there might be some ethics. 1500 schools, but they never injured at child. she was a child. and we thought it was a misunderstanding they would not come for a child. they would target not her but since one year we were thinking about this too that she might be talking but she has no option. we had to fight for her right. >> some people could have said it is too dangerous. i could close the school. the fascinating details of the time when you took the girls on

a field trip to the mountains to see the river and you got a nasty letter saying what is it was taking these girls? you are doing immoral improper things. you have the right to see the water and mountains like the boys do. did you ever think i should close my school? maybe it is too hard? >> this kind of fundamentalism in the past five years, we had that very peaceful, very, ssi eddie that had great harmony and diversity and we have a famous word in our language, it is in the book. it means my friend is a hindu and i am a muslim and to love

and respect my hindu friend i sleep in the temple. it is the kind of love, harmony. all this happened when our establishment -- waged a war against me. i mean, in the 80s this fundamentalism and radicalization started. and it is one day. this radicalization has been brought since long, and i will tell you they're used to be taught that 2 plus 2 is equal to 4, they used to be taught that

if there are 20 soldiers of the israeli army and you killed ten, how many will be? these are the questions -- if you radicalized a generation and jihad them, so this is the end, a peaceful citizens, the right, this is the long story. >> it is. do you mind if i ask you save really in the book that you were afraid. there were days you would lock the doors at night after everyone else had gone to bed. i don't know if anyone knew this was what you were doing until

the book came out. what made you keep going? they say courage is not the absence of fear. it is what you do when you are afraid. how did you sustain yourself? >> when there is darkness and it is night, we are afraid of dying but when you sleep late into the morning and they are helpful you will see the light of the day, when you open your eyes, there is always hope and i knew that the taliban could come to our house. i used to lock the doors and see everything in the house and three times to protect the house but then protecting the house, what about the street for school buildings or two more horses, then i used to say what about

pakistan and then i used to say more and more, use to predict the whole world from any thing. i did what i could do and was worried about my father at the time but i was hopeful and i think it was my responsibility to speak up for the rights of every girl landed is still my responsibility to speak on behalf of every child is >> to you think you are making a difference? >> when i look at the response of people, the love and support of people, then i think we are going to make a great change. no one could raise the banner that we are against the taliban. no one could say shame on you, taliban. now people can. now people are closing the

taliban so it is the great example. they are not afraid of the terrorists and and i am hopeful a day will come, every child will go to school. most of the time i am related to the taliban but when i talk about education not only taliban but terrorism is a hurdle between a real education but there are many issues as well that you must keep in mind. they have to arm for their family, something from child trafficking, use for arming money by some people, by someone. and stop children from going to their schools. in our society, they are famous for hospitality, the same -- the same for our courage but still

there are some norms in our culture, that does not give equal rights to girls, may be securities for children to go to school, not only terrorism so i think they must fight these issues and the best way to fight these issues is educator's. >> you have been working very hard these days. going from pillar and place to place, quite -- are you having any fun at all? >> it is the very nice question.

i miss those days. >> look-alike of very tedious, the first time. know what happens inside the house. inside the house -- my brothers used to fight with me and give them my response. >> of course. >> i have to justify myself now. it is good to fight with your brothers and give them advice and my little brother is 9 years old and i fight with him because i am thinking about his future.

[laughter] >> i think he wants support, he wants to play games and that is not good for his future and in response he cries and he shouts to me and says you are not for giving me but you for gave the taliban. already busy. >> he is not far you are on of book tour. >> they don't even ask about me. here in america, they developed me. >> they got your ipad. what was your favorite subject? >> why are you so famous? >> don't know what i do, why do

i go outside, and sitting on the table having breakfast and he says i don't understand why people are giving you a prizes. >> i couldn't answer. i said make you understand later. he said i came out and this is -- what have you done? he needs to understand. >> my annoying sister who won't give me and ipad. this is a for the competition between you two who is to be prime minister and who is to be the secretary. >> in the middle, my brothers are younger than me but my brother in the middle, that is his job. it is not for under 18 but --

the little brother, he is like i hope there is no lawyer here. >> no lawyers here. >> he is like a lawyer. when i fight with him he can -- the style of his talking, changes emotions and then i feel guilty, really hard on him or was i really cooled? he makes me feel that and so try really hard to live victim. >> what was your favorite subject in school? >> my subject -- i like physics. i love physics because physics tells you about the laws and principles and the whole

universe and explains great things, big things that we cannot even understand in two letters. it is hard to understand the >> people are going what? would is she talking about? we are sorry. we will catch up. i thought you were weak in math, that was your worst subject. >> not that good in calculations, but still i work hard and i loved english literature, i love english grammar and also love all of these subjects also taking an interest in history and physics and i don't know why. >> i understand you had a friendly competition with the other two girls in your class. are you worried they are getting ahead of you now that you are on book tour?

you were first, second? third? >> when i was in birmingham we used to have -- we use to fight a lot, who will get the top position, always get the high marks and when we were talking i asked how are you feeling? you're getting the top position and no more of this, not only am i enjoying my competition with anyone, i don't enjoy my exams even. if i'm getting this position it does not give me that much, i am not feeling that much proud as i used to and when she does that. because when i was in school i used to get front position in my class and i thought i would be getting it forever. i didn't know that many of the girls who can defeat me, get

higher marks than me, the concept we usually have, we don't think that we need to continue the hard work, to remain on that position and when she came to our school, i have begun and it didn't matter. when she came she got the dogma and i got second position in the class and i realized if you want to be in the same position then work hard. don't consider you always get the top position and also be very -- for anything. >> you fit in very well here. who do you admire? so many people here admire you. who do you admire? >> i admire every one. i think everyone is taking apart

in this society, bringing the change. my teachers are teaching students, they are making the future generations, building the future. i admire students because they are learning and also -- they are working together, it seems like a normal life and i went to school and talk to students but this is also, it means you are building a future when you are educating those students. i admire everyone, especially those people who are thinking about changing society, thinking about the rights -- thinking about peace in suffering countries like syria and pakistan. >> do you want to go back home? >> yes of course. how can one forget his home? i love pakistan and i miss pakistan and i am hopeful that i will go back to pakistan as soon as possible.

i want to go back there. i want to go back there but first i need to empower myself. i need to empower myself with knowledge, with education and i need to study hard. i need to work hard. and to be powerful, then i will go back to pakistan. [applause] >> you think that might be possible? do you want to go home too? they i think you will be able to? >> that is a difficult question. personally i think as you said, she has to learn a lot and she has a long way to go. for me, i will go back when the situation is a bit normal. these days, i think quite dangerous for me as it is for her.

we will go back. in lieu of one's own home, all homeland, a kind of feeling which comes when you live your land. it is very difficult. ..

>> i should contribute to education, and i think that -- i believe that once you live for a cause which is greater than him, my causes greater than mean. you know, if i die, i will continue but i will not put the life at stake and make it riskier. >> the taliban said that sheerest their lives as they tried to kill her. >> i think that they just reminded me -- the thing is that i have already seen not and i know that death is part of my cause of education. before this update, i might've been a little bit afraid. but i'm not now because i have experienced it, so they cannot make me stop my campaign.

and when i look at the support of people and i think that they can never stop me and we will continue our struggle. [applause] >> i understand that we do have questions from the audience, which i would like to share with you and i will ask some questions from the audience and then i'm going to comment just in case you had a closing thought that you would like to give us. a closing thought or idea or maybe homework, maybe there is something we should do to be helpful to you. so we will do that at the end. so the questions that i have include -- would you like me to say the names?

okay. so one question i have is your work so far has been nothing less than incredible and your brother would disagree. [laughter] >> that what is the planet you have and we look forward to seeing your pads and what you have become. what is your dream and what is next for you? do you want to go to university? >> the thing is that i simply say that i want to work for education, but how. so i want to start and start my sunday and this includes the malala yousafzai. we need to ask with politicians to work for education and make it a top priority.

so let their children and we also need to recognize the guys who are raising their voice. and then on the future, i want to be a politician. [applause] >> you know, i have to read this. you started your location early because he said that when it was exam time -- would you like to say that part? and here i have market. you said that you would start your exams by saying what your teacher? >> one of my teachers, yes.

i told them that you are the best teacher i have ever seen in my life. and students learn from it. and many teachers are asking the questions and so it's really effective. [laughter] >> another question is what inequalities made it possible for you to exhibit courage and self-confidence and what inner qualities and you feel that it is that way and what you feel made it possible to exhibit such good courage? >> i think i'm just listening to my heart. in my heart is just listening to people and because i can see the children who are suffering from

child labor. i can remember the times when we were suffering from terrorism and i can remember those days and it was hard even to sleep because after 10 minutes we would hear the noise of a bomb blast. and i remember that time that is why the heart needs to be really kind to everyone and that is why my heart told me to speak. >> this is a big question and during militancy, hundreds of thousands of people have been killed and children have been killed and the drone attacks are a target and some embassy people are killed as well.

sometime i think that to be honest, i learned from her. when it comes to the purity of heart and when it comes to the purity of intentions. and this is the thing which has spread around the world and the purity of her heart and her intention. because in history, it coincides with time and people and this is my feeling. she doesn't wait for fame or reputation in one day when she was in the hospital, my friend my friend gave me a clip of the vigil and told me that show this

clip to your daughter and it was by june and the headline of the news was it was a foreign thinkers assessment and then they had the news there and for me it was kind of joking and that was the headline and she was still in the hospital at the time. and as a father i wanted to make her more and more happy somehow. so when i showed heard the clip and we have good news for you if and when she washed it, i was expecting that she would be excited and i asked her how you feel and she said, okay, but i

don't like such [inaudible] before this announcement, her doctor who has been mentioned, she came to our home and she was very excited as a doctor and she told her, malala yousafzai, you have been nominated for the nobel peace prize. and she said, simply, i need peace. and this was her first response. and that is why she has been so poised. >> i feel weaker than her in some instances.

and i'm happy that she's stronger. >> were you disappointed that the announcement came about? >> potent thing i know my life is to always be hopeful but don't have great expectations. and that is why i'm hopeful. [applause] i'm hopeful that i don't have great expectations and i was ready and i told myself that be ready, anything can happen, not only the nobel peace prize, but anything can happen your some people may ban against you it may become difficult in your life and you must be there because life will never be the same and changes will come in your life and many people are supporting you. and so i have prepared myself

for that and as a politician come you must keep in mind, what you say it. [laughter] and other than that, if i talk about winning the nobel peace prize or not winning it, i heart thought that i might win it. when i look at the nomination and the support of people, you move the jury and i have one and i am happy for it. [laughter] [applause] >> this is a question which could account for many people in this room and the question is that i work with teenagers and what kinds of positive talks can you give them during friends and family and struggles of schoolwork? >> the first thing is that when we are alone as one person does

not have that impact. and we become more powerful and then we must walk together and be good to each other and sometimes we don't even tolerate each other. we don't tolerate each other's language or culture or religion and that is really the necessity the necessity of life, to tolerate. and even i respect the telegram. i can't use any bad word for them. respect is really necessity and i think that this includes friendship and tolerance and patience and it seems very easy.

but it's hard to bring it into your life and i think that this comes into your life in the future and then you become successful in your mission. >> is there anything about this country that is different than you thought it would be. >> so many things are different. and the first thing is that most of the men and women are accepted with equal rights and these are equalized because we have seen the lord difficult situations than the situation that you gave. kids can go outside and they have the right to choose and make a choice and they have been given the same rights as boy

scout. our school is also totally different in the way that we are taught. in our schools are quite good in pakistan, but children are not taught skills. but in the uk i was also learning about painting and music and exercises and peace and haiti and i never liked to go to the kitchen. so that is why i had learned that as well. i think that there are many changes in our society. and the thing that i like in the uk is that they accept other people and their religion and tradition and they have accepted it and i have accepted their view of dressing and speaking in their way of having

communication, and that's what we need in our countries and our societies. acceptance of each other's traditions and cultures and i think that it is very much a necessity. >> speaking of religion, one person wanted to know how you feel about your religion and how people use it as an excuse for conflict and violence. >> that's a very good question. because it's really sad to say that whenever a muslim person, it sometimes people say a muslim terrorists, they need to only say terrorist in the example is oklahoma. because nobody mentioned this, but now people are talking about this. so the thing is that islam, it

is a religion of humanity and brotherhood and the taliban only knows about jihad and they haven't read the crime yet and they haven't started it yet. [laughter] [applause] >> you know it is interesting because i think that people sometimes on the far side of the world are not sure how they are supposed to feel about the taliban and that they hate what they do and it is sometimes part of the culture and a political party with very extreme views can you speak to that? and i think that there are some

people who are allowed to criticize the taliban and maybe we don't agree, but if it's part of the culture, then there was many kinds of this acceptance, but it doesn't mean that all muslims are terrorists or that all pakistanis are terrorists. it does not mean that all are terrorists. but it's not true that muslims are there and we must keep in mind. when it comes to traditions, i think that we don't consider them and then you only know the

name of the taliban and in you call them terrorist groups and there are many other groups as well and it is the duty of every muslim and i want to tell everyone and these people are not what we are. they just want their own ideas

and their own demands and i think that if the taliban or any other terrorist groups wants to do this in the country, we have a way of democracy. and what are your objectives if people like it and if the public like it and if you deserve it. and we must understand that in islam we are targeting you must listen to everyone in our society and i think simply to say and we need to study and go

to this school and school is necessary. and they must learn about islam. [applause]. [applause] >> you have hope that groups like the taliban can be brought into dialogue for people and that they will be persuaded that education and democracy is the way to advance their ideas and do you have hope that the reign of terror will end? i have hope that this is something we can speak honestly about and to bring the taliban to justice, it means a political

way and it means clarity of the policy and i feel that in my part of the world and in all regions, this has become a part of the regional and global politics and this issue could be resolved very easily if the states in that region, and that includes the most powerful state, if they decide that we have to resolve this issue and we would not seek interest under the height of this issue, it could be part of this as well. >> is that like good cholesterol and bad cholesterol? [laughter] >> that the taliban is killing people and for many people it is

part of it. and many of them, they have some people in afghanistan and this is a very difficult situation. and this is very horrible and whatever is done it is to keep it and maintain on their or political reasons and for the strategic reasons and i guess that these were regional powers with politics and now let's talk

about politics further. >> and let's do this for health and education. the problem lies with the political leadership. and they have expert media, but it is met by media. in this is a great measure.

it's a great nation. the love of the people for us and i've seen him in the eyes of the people and i think that this should be the most lovable nation and for example console in my government and in my state, you should understand why a huge amount of tax payers money gets spent on arms initiatives. [applause]

[laughter] >> that same thing in sending books and and not tanks and it is to send teachers are not soldiers. [laughter] and are there any closing off and i would like to ask of you have any assignment for us and if there is something you would wish for us to do. >> they greatly appreciate this and do you have a final thought for us? >> let me say thank you on behalf of all of us with politics and prose, all of your

friends and they are all your friends here. thank you so much. >> thank you to all of you because you are sitting here listening to me and you're listening to the cause of education, and that is really important for me because i speak for education in every corner of the world and the thing that i noticed here when i came for a second time a few weeks ago to america -- >> to america. >> okay, to america i came here and in our schedule we had written about going to school in their school is just a few kilometers away from the buildings of new york and when i went there and they told me their stories and how hard it is for them to get education even in new york, even in america because of authority and the

hardship that they face. so i think that we also need to work here as well. [applause] >> but a good thing about this country is that they provide schools to every student and now we need the motivation and to motivate countries like syria and egypt and we need to start building up schools and help the teachers and we need to work from every aspect if you want a bright future and i think it's really hard to stay motivated, but even though i say this is work, but i think it is doable

and it's very good. [laughter] and maybe that's a nice visit with some nice people today and we want to thank you for so much for what you have really done. we thank you. >> thank you. [applause] [applause] [applause] clap back

on trends. [applause] [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> you are watching booktv, nonfiction authors and books every weekend on c-span2. >> here's a look at some books being published this week. in the bully pulpit, william howard taft and the golden age of journalism chronicles the relationship between theodore roosevelt and william howard taft. former speaker newt gingrich argues that the u.s. is on the verge of a scientific renaissance which is threatened

by breakout pioneers of the future, and prison guards in the past and epic battle that will decide america's fate. "the bully pulpit" by doris kearns goodwin. in the book "double down" by authors mark halperin and john heilemann, the authors provide the presidential campaign review. and returning to the country was born in and "the ministry of guidance invites you to not stay" by hooman majd. and then in the book "american minor" by deborah solomon, the biographer and author explores the personal life of norman rockwell. it is lauren taylor of the history of health care in america in their book, "the american health care paradox", by authors elizabeth bradley and lauren taylor and then finally,