there was nobody to talk to. they wanted to beat my brains out like they've been doing all the time. and the only way we can ever get anybody at any time to listen to us is god all mighty. we have sense enough to know this isn't the final chapter, but it is the beginning. >> governor, i'll hand you the report which has been prepared by your commission. we cannot, governor, tell you any one particular reason. the riots took place in august and why they took place in los angeles. >> tonight's cbs reports examines the question of watts. was it a local riot or the beginning of a national revolt? what started it? what stopped it? will there be another watts. john mcone just presented the governor of california the report seeking the answers to such questions. these findings are an integral part of what follows. a cbs report study of events and causes of the nightmare in watts.

international business machines. ibm presents cbs reports watts:riot or revolt? bill has covered the watts story from the moment the rioting began. >> three months ago on this street in los angeles, california, violence produced all this. a local riot or a revolt? part of a national social revolution. a carnival of hoodlums or a professional social illness? most puzzling of all, if it was a riot, why did it happen here in the community thought to be least caught up in racial tensions?

a frenchman who looked at his own country's revolution 175 years ago left us with a comment which may give us some insight he said the evils which can be endured with patience as long as they are inevitable seem intolerable. as soon as a hope can be entertained of escaping them. more than 300,000 negroes from other parts of the united states have come to los angeles in the hope of escaping evils they had endured in the past 25 years. but on the night of wednesday, august 11th, that patience ran out. >> get the white man! get the white man! >> it was the most widespread, most destructive racial violence in american history. white people driving through the riot area were considered fair game, whether young or old, men or women.

their cars were battered, rioters stoned, kicked, beaten. and the cars were burned. the mobs might grow and curse in disappointment when a white got away and cheer when a car up in flames like a football crowd. the burning and looting, the shooting and beating went on for nearly a week. 34 persons were killed. all but five of them negroes. more than 1,000 persons injured or wounded. more than 200 business places destroyed by fire, 700 more smashed, looted and damaged. negroes with 50,000, 60 million or more. nearly 4,000 persons arrested.

the cost in dollars even now is hard to estimate. nearly 4,000 persons arrested. >> shut it off and get out of that car with your hands up. all of you. the one in the back seat, too. come on, get out. get your hands up, i said. drop that purse and get your hands up. >> get them up. >> get your hands up. come on. right this way. >> negro leaders blamed it on a variety of social ail aments, poor schools, baddousing, all of which add up to discrimination. but most of all, said the negro spokesman, police brutality. and the mobs agreed. but the police were not the only targets.

firemen rushing about the city trying to control dozens of blazes at once. hit with rocks and bottles and sometimes found themselves under heavy gunfire. the mobs hated authority. but more generally, they hated all whites. and before the mobs finished, by the time the rioting had run its course, the police had been forced to plot their action over 54 square miles in the middle of the nation's third largest city. 54 square miles, more than twice the size of the entire island of manhattan. indeed, south chicago were streaming rat-ridden ants -- were predicted in white america's anxiety over the negro revolution. nobody expected the flashpoint of discontent to be in the 450 square miles of los angeles.

yet it did happen there in an area holding one-sixth of the counties 523,000 negroes. watts is a ghetto but not a slum as the term is known in older cities. there are streets of lower middle class homes and areas of condemned houses with people living in them. two-thirds of the adults have less than a high school education. one in eight is illiterate. of every 10 homes, nine were built before 1939. one in five is deteriorated. watts has the lowest average income rate in los angeles county. $4,000 per year, compared with more than 8,000 per year for the white community. almost 60% of the watts families receive some sort of welfare, against an unemployment rate that holds around 30%. one in every three teenagers comes from a broken home. the school drop-out rate is more

than twice the city overall. most residents are newcomers who joined the modern gold rush of california over the past 25 years. many are newcomers from the backwards parts of the deep south, poor and ignorant negroes who have no skills, no desire for classroom learning. not even the knowledge how to live in urban surroundings. off not even the knowledge of how to use plumbing. 1,000 new ones every month pouring into los angeles. they found in the land of gold and promise that there is still a white lawmen, white merchants, white landlords. it began with the arrest of a negro by white officers right here at this corner. in this case two young negroes were stopped by california highway patrolmen and charged with drunk driving. there was a scuffle and a crowd gathered.

the mother of the two, they were brothers, joined in. she and another woman were pushed. the highway patrolman were on the scene 40 minutes. a period some suggested was overlong in the face of a gathering hostile crowd. the mccone commission dug into this event and found no basis for criticizing the conduct or judgment of officers on the scene. but no one questioned this was the incident, nothing more. the park that lighted the fuse. in the background is defeat and disappointment of negro grievances of pure hate for the white man. there was, for instance, in the spring of 1962, a gun battle between negroes and police outside the los angeles mosque of the muslims.

a sect built that all whites are evil, that complete separation of the races is the only hope for america. in that gun fight, one negro was killed, 14 wounded. some los angeles citizens believed the muslim shooting so crystallized feelings that at that point, april 1962, big trouble was inevitable. there were other humiliations noted by whites but resounding in watts like a slap on the face. >> hail of mary, full of agrees. >> negro catholics prayed, declaring them to be better treated in los angeles than anywhere in the united states, laid down the line that racial problems were to be treated as political rather than moral issues. >> positive leadership in their journey for full protection under the law, equal opportunities for education, jobs, and housing, cannot reconcile of christ in the church with the restrictive and nullifying policies of the cardinals. i urge you therefore to remove cardinal mcentire from office. >> they gross watched too. bigger even than the johnson

gold water contest was fair housing. state law requiring the sale of homes to any person able to pay regardless of color was under attack. white organizations, led by various real estate groups, collected signatures for a referendum which would repeal the law. martin luther king came to watts to spell out the meaning of the referendum battle. but the great majority of voters rejected the law. the majority telling the negroes to stay put.

that was cited as a major factor adding to negro recertaintiment. and there were other factors, too. >> maybe there's a tv they can see this in other parts of the city. they're tired, they're hungry. they are more educated. they know what's going on in the world. they see millions and billions of dollars spent on things sent overseas to other countries. and here in their own country, they're hungry, they don't have a job. >> finally, there was haggling over the poverty program. indeed, the very day the riots began, this was the headline in the los angeles times. in harlem this past surgical, poverty fund were used to give jobs and money to thousands of young negroes. in los angeles, not one cent was put into the poverty area. despite all these aggravations, los angeles's long history of freedom from racial strive, plus the fact that it weathered the troubled summer of 1964 without difficulty create aid false

sense of well-being. so when the violence did erupt, its impact seemed many times magnified. indeed, the supposed lessons of people los angeles had been cited proudly to law men around the country by chief of police, a man known for his integrity and bluntness. understandably edgy, chief william h. parker faced news men. >> are you putting everybody down or what? >> i'm asking you to explain what the thinking of the police is. >> the thinking of the police is they have a force to protect. they can't send them all into watts. >> -- martin luther king. >> this is -- >> someone like dr. martin luther king should the -- >> well, king doesn't -- we've got local residents here.

king doesn't put out all in the united states. there are some local negroes here that are leaders in these situations. now, we would assume they have some influence on them or they wouldn't be representing them. those individuals are certainly in a position to go down there and talk to these people and tell them that this is inordinate and they shouldn't continue it. >> that thursday afternoon, one of those leaders parker referred to the reverend h.h. bookins, with other ministers and politicians, black and white, called a peace meeting at a neighborhood playground. >> and i submit to you we shall not see harlem on or rochester, new york. we can solve it. it is yet time. >> but brookins and the others learned they themselves did not understand their people, did not know the intensity of their range and could not plum the depth of their hate. and i'm going to tell you something. tonight, there's going to be another one, whether you like it or not. wait, wait, listen. you see, they -- we the negro people down here have gotten

completely fed up. and you know what they going to do tonight? they not going to fight down here no more. you know where they're going? they're after white people. they're going to congregate. go out to engelwood. >> silence. fighting violence with violence is the wrong way. i believe while we talk about people staying off the street. every citizen's right is to walk the street. but if he must walk in respect, i believe not to be any concentration of police power in this community tonight. >> after that meeting, brookens and john bugs of the county human relations commission, the record of success, that there be

less obvious to deputy police chief roger murdoch. >> the police department indicated to us that they were going to run the city their own way and they would tool the city of los angeles. and mr. murdoch's attitude is one i would suggest was in alabama. we want to work with the police, with elected officials. when we return, we have to have a talk with mr. roger murdoch. we had to report what we found. it was like lighting a fuse. they immediately said, well, all right, we told you. you see what they think about you. now let us do it our own way. at this time, about six police cars moved in, blowing sirens

with 500 people lining the streets. it was just like an explosion. everything just many went haywire. >> the frustration with brookens and his associates explaining the whys of watts, as well as the how. actually from the quarrel over the performance of negro leadership was beginning to emerge one of the great unpalatable troops. most stayed out of the area. but a resident of the riot area was there constantly. and he spoke the truth no one wanted to hear. >> about 4:00 thursday, friday morning. i went up to a group throwing bottles. i said, listen, baby, let's cool it. he said are you from borland hills. i said, no, man, i live on avalon. he said if you're with us, throw it. and he handed me the bottle.

and i said, man, i'm for peace. he said, you're not for peace. you're with the man. in this case it's the white man or police. he said, look, man, we don't want to hear you. we don't want to hear dr. martin luther king. we don't want to hear brookings. we want to talk with the man ourselves. >> although the absence of negro leadership was lacking, it was also less an distinguished. as word of the shouted threat to do the white man in spread from the word of mouth, they began to crowd the shops for weapons. los angeles found it necessary to keep a speaking engagement in san diego thursday. he flew to san francisco after a friday morning conference with parker at which it was decided to call the guard if the riot worsened. >> the commonwealth advertised for a long time. they have hundreds of

reservations. and so anything more that i can do in the next few hours. but i'll go right back to keep my commitment. but if it wasn't been made for months, i certainly wouldn't go. >> it simply quotes without comment the reason he gave for his absence from the city. as mayor left for his lunchon date in san francisco, chief parker, the man in charge, and the man on the spot from the beginning now had hard words for the peace makers he had earlier encouraged. >> i'm got going to play games well well-meaning people who lack expertise. the people getting hurt are police and innocent citizens. the rioters are prevailing. >> the chief's concern deepened early friday when the character of the riot had changed. the note in the police log says 10 a.m. major looting became general. one shopping area three blocks

longed, thousands of negroes stole everything they could carry and burned everything left. it became a wholesale exercise in stealing and burning. with evidence of organized efforts in the manufacture and use of molotov cocktails. the police estimate was that 3,000 people filled the street. walking through it then, remembering it now, that estimate seems conservative indeed. on one point, chief parker was throughout. he was to ask the national guard. parker had agreed with governor brown a year before on machinery to do just that. but the guard had been called to civil disorder only once in california history. an aircraft strike just before world war ii. no one in high office wanted to be the man who turned bayonets gets the people. as the mccone commission points

out, friday's delay in calling the guard proved costly in property damage and perhaps lives as well. the commission feels that governor anderson hesitated when he showed him active. further escalation possibly could have been avoided says the commission if a group of guardsman available only a few miles away had been deployed as they might have been by midafternoon friday. then the guard came in. the first units mobilized and on their way at 7:00 p.m., the same time the first rioter was killed. the curfew was ordered. everyone off the streets by 8:00 p.m. and the brute force of 14,000 armed men finally broke the back

of the riot. as the smoke lifted above watts and the shooting died down, the soul searching and blame shifting began. martin luther king did not cut short his vacation in puerto rico but found the atmosphere less friendly than he expected. >> you all know my philosophy. you know that i believe firmly in nonviolence. maybe some of you don't quite agree with it. you need to be willing to say that. >> we have to be nonviolent is. number two, our negro community leaders, where are they? they are not here. and they're not coming down because -- that's right. we're tired of being sold as slaves. >> wait a minute. >> all we want is jobs. >> what do you think about the

police situation? >> the police, we'll burn them up too. >> coming back from greece and they found the riot area far from tranquil and the residents eager for an official ear. >> what does your husband do? >> i don't have a husband. we're separated. he's in prison. >> you have to raise the four children by yourself? >> yes. >> how much do you get from the needy children program? >> $234 a month. and the house is $80 a month. >> are there any places you could get a job if we had a job for you? >> if i could go to work, i would be proud to go to work. if i could make enough money to have somebody watch my baby, i would love to go to work. >> two or three days before all of this happened, they were just waiting for their check. >> this is a continuing

situation down here. >> all the time. >> don't they get the money from welfare? we have the aid the needy children program. >> they need jobs. that's what they need. >> but creation of jobs depended on some degree of settlement of the city dispute with the federal government over administration of the poverty program. city councilman lindsey, notably absent, hit hard at the poverty angle. >> i am also ashamed that we, including i, squabbled and fought over the program which is almost scandalous. >> but the mayor denied that he or anyone else in los angeles had hung up the poverty program by playing politics. he blamed washington. >> i have tried for months as you know to end the senseless controversy. as far as i know, this is the

only large city where the office of economic opportunity actually used strong arm tactics by cutting off our funds and publicizing the fact. unless we met their changing dictates that they would cut off the funds. they have helped to in cite people in the poverty area by these tactics. >> and in washington, sergeant shriver replied in find. >> 3523 cities, towns, counties in every state of the union have already organized local anti-poverty programs. los angeles, unfortunately, is the only major major city in the united states which has failed to do this. ♪ which side are you on >> the poverty program was only one factor. the larger causes of the watts

explosion we'll examine in just a moment. ♪ and he joined our pickett line ♪ >> cbs reports watts riots or revolt? continues. ♪ which side are you on let me hear you now boy, which cited are you on ♪ >> as the tension in watts continued, we asked muslim leader shabazz if more violence is in prospect. >> i certainly believe that it will happen again unless some steps are taken to prevent it. and the reason i believe this and the reason this is voiced throughout the community and i have my ears to the ground in the community is what has changed. there has been nothing. every grievance had by the people who started this thing or who took part in it, there has been nothing done. the only thing that was done are massive forces brought in to express the over action. but nothing has been done to solve it. >> governor brown announced the

formation of an eight-man commission to investigate fully the causes of the disaster. john mccone, former head of central intelligence agency, was chairman. committee hearings have not been made public. chief of police william h. parker. >> the courage that these rioters possess is based upon the continuous attacks by their civil rights organization of police and the police brutality. and the attempt of the police to accommodate the situation that gave them the sense that we have these people on the run now. we don't have to really fair the police very much because they're in a defensive position. now, in addition to that you have what i call this political pandering where they are constantly trying to reach these groups for political balance of power by catering to emotions. you're dislocated, you're abused

because of your color. you are world pressed. you haven't been given the share of materialistic things you're entitled to. you're trying to convince them you're not well off, i'm going to do something for you. i'm going to raise you out of this to a position of economic affluence. and of course these people in our present system are not able to do it unless someone just hands it to him. negro leaders agree with me. los angeles gives the greatest opportunity here than he will anywhere else in the world. so you have this paradox where the things are the best for the worst ride. and i think you have to go back

to civil obedience. certain law is unjust because it's jim crow law. or because i want a pair of shoes in that store and i don't have the money to buy them. so i can steal them. in fact, it was amazing the inquiry we had when counsel said why were these people shot? they were only stealing. with the civil disobedience, it has been proven in this nation by now. it better have been. >> do you think what happened was a criminal manifestation of disrespectful law? or do you see it as something related to the social and economic strivings of the -- >> i think all the factors are law. the most important recognition we must give to this situation is that of the 600,000 negroes who reside in the metropolitan area involve less than 1%. and it is a mistake to group all of these people together. because they don't deserve it.

and it would be inaccurate. >> in creating the situation, where was the failure? on the part of the city, the county, the schools? >> we're trying to find a failure other than the people themselves. this is a very dangerous move because it deserves to sanity phi their acts. on the basis -- because of something we failed to do. in the first place, a great number of those people came from areas in the country where they were further dislocated, much more than they are here. they came in and flooded a community that isn't prepared to meet them, despite the fact that we have all of this relief money in there. we didn't ask these people to come in here. certainly they want to adjust itself to a small segment that has come in and taken over a section. i think this is unreasonable. i think that we are almost sadistic in the way we are

trying to punish ourselves over this thing without realizing what we have destroyed is a sense of responsibility for our own actions. we have a materialistic society. where everybody is the victim of their environment and therefore they are not held responsible for anything. if you continue to live in that society, good luck to you. >> parker's anger is shared by many, perhaps most rights. it is supported by 120,000 of whom addressed letters and telegrams to him personally. 99% favorable. parker believes disrespect for the law imperils the nation. but says who can respect law that is divorced from justice? tom is an attorney in the civil rights movement. >> during this entire incident we've heard constant references to respect for law and order. and more particularly, what they mean is respect for law enforcement.

now, to really understand the problems of these people you have to understand what law enforcement has meant to them for 100 years. and we're talking about the white man's law enforcement that's responsible for many of their parents being chased out of the south under one pretext or another. white man's law enforcement has resulted in no one being prosecuted. the murder of the three civil rights workers. and the murder of mrs. luiso. you can understand that the people aren't going to be refuse rent about law enforcement and the men who enforce the law. >> over and over, negroes repeat the charge of police brutality. one who pressed a number of complaints is a negro leo branton. we asked him that charges are fully and fairly investigated. >> well, in theory, there are avenues of complaint open.

but there are no meaningful avenues to redress the grievances of these people. i tried them all. and i can say there is no question that under the present machinery as it exists and as it is being operated today a complaint of police brutality bill any negro citizen goes completely unheeded because the instances of attention given to these complaints are laughable. now, it's been said that people can bring complaints to the police commissioner. and the police commission is the boss of the police chief and the entire police department. well, this isn't so. i don't think that people would be agitating for a police review board if the existing police commission carried out the

functions that it was intended to carry out. in the first place, you make a complaint before the police commission. who investigates it on behalf of the police commission? >> to this repeated complaint, the report was funded by recommending that it be overhauled to strengthen its authority over the department. the report rejected the idea of a civilian review board. it did recommend a new post of inspector general, free of routine duties outside the regular channels of the department to investigation citizen complaints of police mistreatment and report directly to the chief. the report recommends also a vastly expanded community realizes program to close the breach between negroes and police. a messenger for the los angeles times when the riot began. his accounts got him a reporter's rating and the first negro reporter. >> let me clear up something for

you. when we speak of police brutality. we don't mean officers beating people as they would do in the south with whips or cattle prods. we mean brutality to a man's dignity. the derogatory terms directed to a person. when you're walking down the street with your girl and a policeman has you stand against the wall with your feet apart and checks you out and asks what you're doing out so late at night. this is what we mean by police brutality. people have come out from the south and encountered another problem even more serious than police brutality. and job opportunity and job discrimination and things like this. this is a problem of the

resentment of the middle class negro. the middle class negro believe these people lower their standards, bring down their educational standards and lower their reflection of the race completely. so it's one large vicious circle. the poor southern negro is moving into this area. the middle class negro is moving into a predominantly white neighborhood and the whites move farther out. in other words, it's going around and around and around. where it is going to end i really don't know. >> watts, riot or revolt will continue after this message. >> cbs reports watts: riot or revolt continues. theirs, they say, is a different world about which white americans have bothered to learn very little. the first thorough study of knee grows and how they live was completed only a few months ago. our government, which conducts

detailed surveys of everything from sugar beats in colorado to social habits in cambodia had never before taken a look at the 21 million negroes of america. daniel monahan, until this surgical, assistant secretary of labor, was in charge of the study and was staggered by it. moynahan says the negro family structure is collapsing. we asked him the reason. >> the first is remember that american slavery was the worst slavery the world has ever known. we can't get that into our hands the standard of living was high perhaps. we don't see how awful it was. we have deprived them the sacrament office christians. we have deprived them of any institution of family life, any rights as human beings. nothing else like it in history. secondly, segregation and humiliation of jim crow was a brutal assault on the personal integrity of the negro male. he was the one that took the brunt of it.

thirdly, urbanization. the negro, we don't see them as immigrants. the negroes in watts were immigrants just as much as the italians, irish who poured in in new york. the families break up when&they leave country sides, rural pleasant life and are dumped into slums. we have had 35 years of disastrous unemployment for the negro male. he has never gotten over the depression. in the second world war, maybe a good year in the korean world. and that's about it.

by and large, it's been going on beyond the white world. it is almost 25%. can you imagine that? that is a social crime. that's an outrage. there isn't a society in the world that has 25% of teenagers go unemployed. about a quarter of negro families are headed by women. the divorce rate is 2.5 times what it is. and the number of fatherless children keeps growing. all these things are getting worse, not better, over recent years. it's a bad situation that doesn't improve but rather a bad situation that worsens. it is getting worse. how did you learn how to behave from your father and your mother and your older sisters and the people around you? suppose there is no father. if he is a father, he doesn't work. or there is no education.

where there's no sense of getting ahead. the children are just brought up without any support that the family gives them. what do you end up with? the cycle repeats itself. >> a you are c ucla study published examined the background of the young negroes arrested during the riots. it established the typical rioter as a 17-year-old boy, school drop-out from a fatherless home living on a total on family income of $300 per month. one such walking statistic is this young man, whose cool world is kept that way with liquor and drugs. on the nights of the riot, revenge was an added ingredient. although he denied to the police any part in the looting and rioting, he took me on a tour of some of the places he helped to bury, as casual as a stroll in the park. what he had to say reflected a common attitude among the

youthful rioters. >> right in the front window. a friend of mine went in the store towards the back and threw a firebomb in the back and the place went up in flames. it was pretty well empty by the looters of course. >> there isn't much left, is there? >> there isn't. here is a burned up shirt and so forth that could have been gotten, could have been used. >> most things were taken out before you burped. >> as much as we could possibly get. then we would burn. the cry in the streets was burn, baby, burn. >> why would you burn out this kind of place? >> we decided to burn this store because we felt this man hadn't been doing anything but gaming on us anyway. >> when you say he was gaming you, chipping you, do you know that for a fact. >> this man and every other jew up and down the street. >> why do you say over and over jews around here? do you feel that way around jews? >> i hate all whites, period. point-blank.

>> what else happened on this block? >> well, after he had got what we had gotten in all the stores, we arrived back to get as much as we could possible. we decided to get this loan company up here. i brought $82 radio in excellent condition. he gave me $7 for it. he wanted to give me 5. >> do you think that's why most people took part because of one grievance from some time in the past. >> yes. one grievance from sometime in the past. either relating from a pawnshop, going to a store or what have you. someone wanted to get even. i caught myself getting even by going in this store and taking whatever i could take out of it.

and i got some pretty wonderful things out of the displays. pretty wonderful things. and i like it. >> and it was sunday when you were arrested right near here? >> yes. i was on a way to a friend of mine's house. and a police car circled this corner here. and the officers got out of their cars and approached us at gunpoint and told us to put our hands up. and i immediately hit the fence like this. they held us at gunpoint continuously. this white police officer approached me and said when are you going to let us kill you. i said i'm not going to let you kill me. i'm no sniper. i'm not going to do any wrong. i knew these white people were mad. they would take us to the jailhouse. and i asked what was i going to be booked on.

they didn't tell me. they didn't say nothing. they wrote me up for burglary and looting. i was arrested in a residential area. you can see there's no stores or anything. >> how long were you in jail? >> i was in jail a month, solid month. it could have been longer but i had a little money which helped me get out. >> you bailed out? >> i didn't bail out. i beat my case completely. all charges dismissed. >> do you think it's going to happen again? >> yes, i do think it will happen again but under a different situation. it will be better organized this time. and it will probably be more surprise attack. i feel it will break out. unless the white man himself changes. if he changes and shows some type of other response to the way that he treats us around here, there will not be any riot. these people are willing to accept anything good. anything good. anything negative or batted, they will respond to it.

because this is what they were taught as a teenager on up. they're in gangs. 28, 29 people have been in gangs. the attitudes they have developed. and this most likely and most probably will break out. >> if this young man is the living product of the ravaged negro family institution described by daniel moynahan. this man's father retired after 33 years, raised his family in watts. stanley, his sister and his brothers, an olympic heavyweight boxing champion were born in this house. the third negro ever to be so honored. stanley was at yale law school but home at the time of the riots. >> what is the most difference? >> the most important in my own life is the influence from my family and the special attention that i got in high school. we were always were encouraged

to go on to university. we were always taught to compete on any level with anybody. >> what is your feeling about the people who took part, particularly the young men? a lot of them must have been men you knew. why did they do it? what did they say about why they were doing it? >> well, i think what my particular age group negro male between the ages of 18 and 24 is probably the one most distressed in the united states, certainly in the watts area here in los angeles. they are most likely to be unemployed. in this particular area, they're either high school dropouts or high school graduates with very little skill, very few skills. and i think also there's the

business of south vietnam and now this affects the draft. and economic means. i think all these combined to produce a frustration on the part of the young men. in this particular area. the city. >> the thinking of the entire nation must be changed as the goals of the negro community move from liberty to equality, says daniel moynihan. >> no group in our society is stied, for many, many years, the generations, the competitions of life always end up with them as the losers. now, equality isn't the demand that everybody lives the same. that flat level of existence. that's not the thing at all. what is true is the demand that given one group of people, that you distribute success and failure and distinction and an nemty and affluence and poverty

about the same way as distributed in other groups. we've got to get men to work. a man can't run his family who doesn't have a b job. you have to have sociologists tell this country that? no. creating jobs for men, there's no secret about it. we know how to do it. we've just got to get it here that we do to it or we're going to spoil this beautiful country and that means spoiling those pretty white sun birds as much those nasty ugly places like watts. >> moynihan speaks of the situation confronting our nation. was the riot planned? the commission finds no facts to support that conclusion nor any evidence of communist activity. did police brutality play a part in the outbreak? yes. some real incidents and some imagined says the commission are the roots at the deep distrust

between police and negroes. did -- yes, says the commission and a little organization which fed the flames was led by gangs of angry young negroes. was it a revolt, not just a riot? yes in the sense it was a formless, hopeless striking out against current conditions in the community. and can it happen again? so serious and explosive is the situation says the commission that unless it is checked, the august riots may be only a curtain raiser to what could blow up later in the future. it is that very fact which accounts for the disappointment among some responsible negro leaders. immediate measure rs needed to calm those rioting negroes. for whom nobody spoke. long range plans to give job training to the thousands of negroes, a crash program of schooling for negro youngsters may guarantee the future, thets,

but the need is desperate and the need is now. a crisis in our country and says the mccone commission and government alone cannot render a cure-all. help from private employers, from unions, from negroes themselves is essential in this emergency. we would conclude with this final lines from the commission. what shall it avail our nation if we can place a man on the moon but cannot cure the sickness in our cities? this is bill stout for cbs reports in los angeles. good night. >> cbs reports has been brought to you by international business machines, ibm.

cbs reports, watts: riot or revolt? has been filmed and edited by the staff of cbs reports under the control of cbs news. next tuesday night, a cbs news special report. where we stand in vietnam, an assessment of the impact of the mounting american commitment in vietnam combining the report and analysis of six key cbs news correspondents and the results of the cbs news public opinion survey. that's where we stand in vietnam, a cbs news special report next tuesday night at 10:00, 9:00 central time. coming up on the next "washington journal," a

discussion on education reform. our guest is campbell brown, journalist and co-founder and editor in chief of the 74, a website dedicated to education issues. then erin brock vich on the epa's role and response to the mine wastewater spill in colorado. "washington journal" is live every morning at 7:00 a.m. eastern on cspan and you can join the conversation with your calls and comments on facebook and twitter. our road to the white house coverage of the presidential candidates continues live from the iowa state fair on cspan, c-span radio and c-span..org. as the candidates walk the fairgrounds and speak at the des moines register's candidate soap box. tuesday morning, republicans, senator marco rubio at 11:30 and governor john kasich at 5:00. on wednesday, rick perry will speak at 11:00. on friday morning at 11:00 a.m.

eastern, it's senator ted cruz and on saturday, republican governors, chris christie at noon and bobby jindal at 1:00. join the twitter conversation. #dmrsoapbox. c-span's campaign 2016, taking you on the road to the white house. each week, american history tv's reel america brings you archival films that help tell the story of the 20th century. >> i am the chief of police of an average american city and am proud to be connected with the honorable profession of law enforcement. a day doesn't pass without one of my officers savinging some child's life. protecting someone's home or their property. it is truly an honorable profession. police departments use modern science to protect you, such as teletype, photography, two-way radio.

expert firearms training by the as standardized by the fbi national academy. accident prevention installations and other up to the minute methods. i know many chiefs of police and assure you they are average citizens just like you. they are interested in protecting their homes and yours while endeavoring to make your community a better place to live in. let's follow this rookie patrolman in his daily duties and see the many ways he serves you and yours. these are the few of his services that are overlooked. his job is not merely working. it's observing and serving you. but are you allowing him to serve you? if not, you will be amazed at his ability to answer your every question, lend assistance in every problem or locate for you the information desired. besides this, never forget he protectses your home, your

family, your life. he helps make your community a safer and better place to live in. learn to depend upon him, since his experience is your gain, he was assigned to your neighborhood as your servant. bags all packed. mill m man notified. cat put out. doors and windows locked. not forgetting anything, are you? ah, now, that's it. give your police department the information on the length of your absence from home and officers will check the premesis frequently. place your mail and newspapers out of sight, check the doors