theard nixon, showing former president meeting voters in new hampshire and wisconsin. he went on to win votes in both of the states. he then defeated democrat hubert humphrey and independent andidate george wallace in presidential election, winning 32 states. courtesy of the is in. of political campaigns, you have sure is one of the few places where people have a chance to meet the cat -- meat as well as -- the new hampshire republican presidential primary, the start of the 1968 campaign trail. beginning, the candidate who really has been seen and heard by the people of new hampshire is richard nixon.

we are about to accompany richard nixon on his campaign. with the candidate, his family. you will hear what richard nixon had to say. woollies and everything. i am glad to find some new hampshire people. arnold, how did you get up her? how are the eagles going to do? talked about an new vision for america's future. tosaid 1968 is the time begin at future and a place to begin is in new hampshire. ♪

>> on february 2, richard nixon held his first press conference of the 1968 presidential campaign in manchester, new hampshire. quite how can you and now he could not win in 1960? mr. to him mightily to cope with the issues in the primary and not just in the smoke-filled room of miami. question this in schedule for the next three days would include a reception, dinner speech, and conversations with people about issues in public and on television. nixon: in 1968, i am looking to the future of the country. in 1960, i necessarily had to think of the past and also of

the future but to think of the past and defend it. as you gentlemen will hear in my i wills saturday night, talk about america's future, my vision of that future, and what i think i could do with the years of experience. >> what is your campaign that previous campaigns do not have? mixing: i think it preeminently will have the future. woefully lacking in the last two years. yearll have a long look to 2000. i do this is important and he thinks it is important because

we are at a critical turning made inre the decisions the next four or eight years determine the next president. we'll very largely determined the century, where we go, and how we got there. it is the kind of choice the public has got to make this year. >> so delighted to be here. you put on such a warm california day for us. this is julie and this is patricia care delighted to meet all of you. thank you very much. >> nice to see you. good.

>> nice to see you. you bet. i love it. how are you? >> thank you so much. >> massachusetts. >> a great governor down there. find senators. a fine president, coming along. we are going to come here sometime. >> i know we are. >> i think that is great. i need to see you. >> everything is going extremely well.

this is well filled with rooms at back. it is going very well. until after they all been shaken. identifying people? what are you doing? him and helpare of out where he wants me to. many times, we don't, but it is amazing what he remembers and recalls. 1952, hed seen in recognized her and mention what kind of day it was when they met. they are always surprised when he does that.

>> the word for friendship. >> iman kim up and said i met you in 1952. i said yes, we had our picture taken. turnout. thets summary of neighborhood of six or seven have gone by already part i would estimate more than 3000 before the afternoon is over. >> republicans or are they a mixture? classic could not say. you cannot tell a republican from a democrat out here. i assume people of manchester. >> i wonder how many of these people -- >> we do not know how many are coming in.

>> and think he is the man for us today. no. class-action. >> very sincere, very warm, very nice. >> appealing more and more to the younger generation. >> i think he has improved. >> there is three. how is that? all right.

>> a good chairman appear? you really think so? >> he is a good guy. >> all right. good. a lot of people said he is too young to be chairman. would you agree? are you on his payroll? >> no. [laughter] i am retired. >> the big one. what division were you in? heavy artillery.

>> artillery. sure. it is hard to realize. we have had so many wars since then. then we had world war ii and vietnam. let's hope we can get rid of them. nice to meet you. >> richard nixon's interest in people, what they think and what they do and what the questions they ask our the basis of the television conversation. >> in the television material put together, the efforts made ,n front of a panel of people he's meeting for the first time.

are republican and some are democrat and some are independent. group. panel's youth another panel is a business group. >> to be successful, a candidate must use it well. informal and holds no holds barred discussions. >> where are you from? right here. you still have a few. >> absolutely.

people should not be screaming about the surplus we should be thankful we have got it. far greater usage of it. a great weather for peace. i never plan questions. the reason is the answer is contrived. no one will get away with the question where you would like to have this question asked. i also have the feeling that generally speaking, were the question hard and strong and tough, not be literate, it gets a better answer. always save me from what i call the easy questions.

they say that is one of his friends. you have already put in time and served your country. it occurred to me and occurs to my family. your wife and your children feel even more deeply about your father and husband being involved and he himself does. the man in the battle can fight to suffer in silence. the reason itand, motivates me want anything else is this. this is th period in

the history of the united states where -- for the balance of the century. it is a role that has been placed upon us because of the power we have and the vacuum of power in western europe. the dangers of world war iii civil, the dangers of war, approaching civil war in a very difficult sense, and other problems, are greater than the country have ever had. on the other hand, i believe never in the nation's history have we had more capabilities to problems.se the forces that can bring peace and avoid war, the forces that can unite and reconcile a merit to and from progress on our cities are now stronger than they have ever been. we need leadership. leadership that will take america's hardest power and put

it to work on the unfinished business of home and abroad. by the accident of where i have ,een, a senator eight years seven years, traveled around the world many times, by reason of that experience, i have thought deeply and reached conclusions about what we ought to do to restore peace at home. i think the presidency, i would have the opportunity to put those conclusions in practice. that is why seek the office. >> there has been a lot of criticism. some of it justified and much of it unjustified. there are those who do not like his accent and those who do not like his style. not think he comes off

well on tv. [laughter] i know how he feels. [applause] issue is not the personality but the policies. whether you look at the american record abroad or home, it is not a time to continue. it is time for a new leadership under a republican president. [applause] let us continue for four more years. this is my answer. when the strongest nation of the

world can be tied down for , withon years in the war no end in sight, when the richest nation in the world manage the economy, limitation with the greatest rule of law is torn apart by lawlessness, when a nation that has been a symbol of opportunity -- torn toward apart apart by racial strife, when the president of united states cannot travel at home or abroad without fear of a hostile demonstration, i think it is time for a new leadership in the united states of america. [applause]

>> ideas are important to richard nixon. he seeks them from a variety of sources. they represent a wide range of interests, backgrounds, and the lease. mr. neck's in: one of the great things about my staff is their youth. even younger than the john kennedy staff. is good for me because it pages the generation gap. my daughter's help to do that. they in the conference they bring home for dinner. live in a that, we young nation and a young world. half the people were born after world war ii. i who fought in the war and was part of that generation needs to know what these people are thinking. islive in a world that

looking toward the future instead of the path. the staff of mine keys me and keepsn the future me from turning to much to the past. >> richard nixon left after to a university. at he would return to new hampshire but before he did, he would initiate his campaign in wisconsin. the primary after -- in the state's police weeks after the primary. the campaign have begun. outow do you feel starting on another campaign. are oh is exciting. the one that has started in new hampshire -- in new hampshire is even more so. i think even the local people were surprised at the enthusiasm and the size of the crowd and the wonderful experience of the pele.

>> these are exhausting experiences. do you have qualms in the back of your mind having to face so many months of this? >> no, i have done it so many times in my heart is in it. i'm a willing volunteer. >> is there anything about the campaign that you're worried about other campaigns in the past? >> not yet. there is an doozy is him and always has been but i feel there is even more. have by the mail we received, i feel that way. i think people now want a man of experience. they also want a man of principle and i think that is my husband. campaign because you want to do something about the problems of the country in the world in which the country is involved. personal worldview, is there a special joy in politics and campaigning that you find a deep personal

satisfaction from? mr. neck's in: i would not be doing it unless i enjoyed doing it. meeting people and discussing issues and arguing with --for my opinions. nothing quite equals the excitement. >> very nice to see you. >> thank you. you are very beautiful. i can see why you are the queen. --are you the clean of the queen of the -- .fter seeing that game on tv long underwear, i cannot stand them, they stretch.

♪ four he's a jolly good fellow he's a jolly good fellow for he's a jolly good fellow which nobody can deny which nobody can deny which nobody can deny for he's a jolly good fellow for he's a jolly good fellow for he's a jug of fellow -- jolly good fellow which nobody can deny [applause] >> thank you for coming to green bay. [applause]

nixon: all of the distinguished guests and members in the audience, it is a great privilege and an honor to be the winterrior to carnival. i say prior to it. i am afraid if i got here during the carnival, somebody would ask me to ski. [laughter] [applause] i remember the first time i met bob hope. [laughter] in the year 1952. we were sitting together at a dinner and photographers came up . they wanted to get a silly pose and those were the only one they would use. finally turned to each

other. said you know, when we get our just to set the skiing, i didt on try it once but i will not try it now. [applause] directly to the subjects of interest, perhaps what i can do framework,et is to a a frame of reference, for the questions that i'm sure will follow. it is a difficult world and you inherited it and did not create it and those of us who did made a lot of mistakes. the exciting thing is you have the power to change it.

the world is changing. it is looking for change. communism, socialism, marxism. call americanism no longer has the magic peel it used to. the world is looking for new leadership and new ideas. what you do can change the world. i say to you today, as you go through your studies and look at the prospects of the draft and all the other things which i know hang over some of the men here as well as the fears some of the girls may had with regard to that matter. side say look at the other , never as a generation live in a more exciting time in a more exciting place in america. we will find out how exciting because he will ask some exciting questions. thank you. [applause]

>> mr. vice president, -- >> october is coming next week. [laughter] [applause] >> former vice president nixon -- >> thank you. i have been called everything. it is all right. >> in describing the approach in the campaign, a lot has been said about a new mr. nixon. how do you feel about that? less: my wife says i have hair than i had before. the hairline goes back.

of course, i am older, 55. seven years older than i was when i ran before 1960. i am more experienced and i know more. i will not make as many mistakes as i would have. others discover that i perhaps everything -- have a sense of humor i think i've always had. perhaps people did not see it. over -- others discovered other things they seem to have found for the first time. of course i have changed but also perhaps the people who are looking at me have changed also. they are looking for a new leadership in the country and they are taking a fresh look at what i have to offer. i am presenting a new case i was not able to present in 1960. i am new. in another sense, i am not.

i and the most difficult man of the world when it comes to a public relations firm. nobody will package me or make me put on an act for television. i will not engage in any gimmicks or stunts or where a silly hat, do some for the purpose of getting a publicity picture. i'm not an actor, not a good actor. to me i have got to change myself and take lessons on how to stand, how to talk, how to act, look in the mirror and listen to my voice on the radio, look on my self on television, the answer is i never have and i will not start now. if anything that i do have to offer to the american people and role,ship as far as our it is that i am my song and i will continue to play that role. people looking at me say that is a new nixon, all that i can say

is maybe you did not know the old nixon. fellowlly good which nobody can deny ♪ >> let's hear it for mr. nixon. [laughter] [applause] [applause] quite seized and takes you on the road to the white house as we follow the candidates on c-span, sees in radio, and she's been.org. >> to learn what artifacts reveal about american history. next, we visit -- visit the justm located in virginia outside of washington, d.c., operated by the same family for over a century. we will learn about how medicine has changed over the years. >> my name is gretchen and i am the director of the museum.

in alexandria, virginia. -- my name is gretchen and i am the director of the apothecary museum. in alexandria, virginia. today, we will learn about its history. is andria in the 1790's booming economy. a lot of new construction in town, a lot of people are starting to move to the city. leesburg to from alexandria in 1792 and he opens a small shop a couple of doors down from here today. he moved to this location in 1805 and incorporates the building next door into his business and uses that as his warehouse. an apothecary was where people

went to essentially see the dr. p's people did not see a doctor. .hey went to an apothecary they would tell them what was wrong and they would mix -- mix up something to cure what ails them. in the 18th century, doctors were trained generally by university. they would go through a formal set of courses to learn their practice and trade. and not haveten go their own practice the way we think of that today where we go to doctor's office, they would go to your house. because they are performing home visits, things were a little more expensive. citizen,e an average you would solve your ailments by going to an apothecary. had anywhere from 4-70 years of apprentice training. setting where they would read reference books but also herbs and roots and things like that, that they would be

able to take the properties, mix them up, and prescribed to patients. after late 18th century, you served your apprenticeship and opened your own apothecary business, you would keep up with emergent trends in medicine and also the drug business by reading journals and reference books that were produced, learning about different properties and regulating how medicine was produced. as the 19th century went on, there were regulations and a general consensus. there would be a list of things, ands that were regulated prescribed in using recipes for medicine. trade, the tools for the the 19th and 20th century, would be -- a lot of people recognized from cooking and grinding herbs

and things like that. it would have been used to grind dirt's, barks, roots, into the powder used to make the medicine. they would have used a measuring scale like this, a mid to late 19th century scale. other things that would have been used with have been something much like this. you would wet the cork and put it through to make it smaller. yourould then use condensed cork and it would expand to fit, forming a seal. ingredients would have been ground, often combined with alcohol. you would have used handrolled ingredients now sort of in a pill form. chocolate or gelatin. so they were easier to take for

the customer. if you are a customer in the 1790's, you would purchase or medicine in a bottle similar to this. everything was handblown. bottles would have been more expensive. they wouldy period, import a lot of bottles from overseas. things became a little bit cheaper and routine and easy to buy, so you would buy something formed in a mold and a bit more uniform. emerged, the0's use of foil and fancy labels as a display, similar to a lot of the bottles you see here, that they kept over the years when they acquired the business, because they are very pretty, so they do the job of putting raw ingredients, compounding and putting them into medicine, a more festive thing. it is very pretty and more special and things like that.

you can see the collection over the years of the bottles for the different raw ingredients that were used for the medicine. some of the ingredients you see in the bottles would have been readily recognizable to a lot of not only customers in the late 18th century but also to today's public. we also have a little bit of -- normally, that is made from bark. to, starting in 1820's, cure malaria. a very popular drug still in use today. regular -- yo could have used in any medicine. some things he would have noticed is some of the bottles have synnex -- thin necks and ecks cd get then

product out and makes it easier to mix up. anything liquid would've had -- you would have needed a large step -- you would not have needed a large spout. of -- liveollection theaters would have applied to something they were either retailing or had concocted and did -- gift to their customers. they ran a gamut from things we consider to be pure medicine to floor oil or mothballs or things like that. we know the full extent of the products they sold and marketed to their customers. in our collection, a lot of products would have been recognizable in the 19th century but also to today's customers. one of the things list ring was known for, it was not actually a

word in the vernacular but it helped them sell a product people recognized. maybe i do have bad breath and maybe i need something for it. a cough drop, which has a lot of -- in it, which helps to ease the breathing when you are sick. you will see pepto-bismol and ,ther things like kidney cure compound, wild cherry that people would have used if you had a cold. things like that. other things we have in our collection include a lot of poison bottles and bloodletting. century,th and 19th you want them to be aware there .ere some precautions what was recognized is something

that included poison. that would have been assigned that perhaps it is something they should have been aware of. we have got bloodletting devices in the 18th century and a little bit in the 19th century. too many humors in the body, it was thought, so they needed to be drained out in terms of draining some blood. they would do it in specific amounts. sometimes up to a court of blood. different ways he could do it. we know that edward in the 1790's, you could buy a fancier andor a much more monday and less fancy device. up top, that is essentially a much more industrial version.

spring-loaded, it would go directly into your veins and you would drain the blood out. he was not necessarily performing the service after shop. to use in their own private practice, bloodletting was done not in an office but in the doctor's office. someone who is trained to do that. >> edward was very dedicated. elder that would be the focus of where he was taking

it in every stage of his life. the transfers from edward to william. while it stays -- the apothecary stays in the family, it does transfer in marriage. john had been working here with william and fell madly in love .nd came back to work here the way it looks today, by 1852, it has a new interior that you can see with ginger breading and a more updated, gothic revival

style. currente trying to stay and keep attracting a new and fresh clientele. they had a loyal customer base. we have a lot of primary stores and ledgers and letters and orders in our collection. we can tell who is shopping here and what the prices are for the products they are purchasing. they are getting people coming in off the street. they still have a who's who in alexandria customer order. one of edward's most prominent patrons is martha washington.

she can send a letter requesting the best bottle of oil to mount burned -- mount vernon. robert e lee is another prominent name that our leaders take away from the tour. he purchased lavender as well. remedy fors a great migraines. the family was operating 11 town.ent in this is retail and they also had a retail on the corner of king in fairfax. .hey love the history in space

the fact that they had served the community and so many prominent alexandrians throughout their time. war, it wascivil starting to increase the business and starting to include a wholesale line of products. with the civil war, alexandria was occupied. they were pacifists and also abolitionists. they were allowed to keep running a business here in town. after the civil war, the economy in alexandria slowly started to recover. -- assistanceence of his son starts a wholesale in 500 different businesses locally in the region. that really helps them expand

the product line and become well-known in the area. is room we are standing in where a lot of the raw ingredients were stored moving to the building in 1805. through the 20th century where they close, they are using it more as an office space and also as storage. used to would have been store raw ingredients. the raw ingredients would have been purchased in the 18th not only indward the united states and philadelphia and new york, but they also would have been purchased from as far away as london. vendors that would have sold the that would have taken roughly a month over by a ship.

alexandria in the 18th century was a thriving seaport. it would have been very andnsive farther west farther south. regressed, century they not only were working on the retail business, but they had expanded to have their own line of products. one of the things in the line would be pure sweet oil. it would be made from almonds or olive oil. to alleviate any time he aches for cooking. other early 20th century, products wholesale to under the name would have been things like they made their own brand of paints and you can see the different varieties of colors here. line forwould've had a ice cream and cooking and things like that. those were very popular.

in the early 20th century in response to influenza outbreaks in the united states, they had their own proprietary brand of medicine to deal with that. and it wasrip chocolate covered pill that would have been easier for people to take. the lead bidders took over the business. a lot of the same original layout of the manufacturing room. and the the same chores same cabinet and things like that would have been preserved as they were used in the 18th century and also in the 19th and 20th centuries. in 1933, a lot of remaining contents were preserved just as they were when the business was open. in the beginning of the 19th century, things like this would have been used by edward to conduct business, answer letters, do any sort of

accounting in his day books and account books to keep things up customers, and as the 19th century went on and into the early 20th century, additional buildings purchased on the corner of king street and fairfax street could have been used as a more formal office and a large office space. during the late 19th and early 20th century, you would have had book keepers and secretaries working on this floor dealing with engine indicating with wholesale customers and also the vendors or suppliers as far away as philadelphia or boston or new york. >> over time as we hit the 20th century, it has a slow decline. .hey do shut their doors part of that is the depression.

they are not able to change wholesaling in retailing fast enough. to me the demands of the changing economy here in the united states. iny do close their doors 1933. emmanuel of baltimore buys a good portion of the content of the building. at public offering. landmark society preserves the two buildings we know today at andmuseum, preserves those opens the museum for 1939. the landmark society operates these two buildings as a museum through much of the 20 century. donate, they look to for the second floor was open, that was the first time the public was able to see the manufacturing room on the second floor.

the billy had been operated in 2006. thank you for visiting the apothecary museum today. it is open year round for a nominal admission fee. we encourage you to come by for a tour and to learn more about alexandria and a history of lifeine and more about here in alexandria. >> you can learn more by visiting our website. c-span is touring country -- cities across the country. next, a look at our recent visit to montgomery, alabama. you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3.

>> will compare this camp goes from civil war to civil rights to 104 years in between. among the most historic campuses in the united states for three reasons. one, you are marking the location. stood to take the oath of office to become the first and only president of the confederate states of america. this is the star of david. the daughter of confederacy, she had the star in place here. 1861, the confederate was here until may 20, 1861. one hundred four years later is when dr. king led the voters right march. it was between two columns here where governor stood and delivered the first inaugural address. >> i draw the line in the dust before the seed of tyranny. segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation

forever. >> the event took place here and nowhere else in the world, on the ranks of historic places through the interior department. >> it burned to the ground in 1948 and in 1851, the camp was built back on the same foundation. this was 1851 structure. we just walked inside and we are very proud of this. a pair of staircases going up three flights.

we are proud to have it. he played a large role in the design. he was born into slavery. could not get credit for the masterpiece because he was a slave. after the project was complete, reconstruction, he returned to montgomery, alabama, staged a campaign here, and was the first black in alabama state capital. marlene is the first and only female governor for alabama ever had. elected to serve the state alabama for four years as governor. 16 months into the tour, she died of cancer. we are one of two states in the united states of america with an unelected husband-and-wife team together.

the wallace is served alabama in the 1960's. they served texas in the 20's. we have had them all as governors of state and alabama. on the campaign trail, to become governor of the state of alabama. the person he shot and killed was his life and lover. it was ruled as justifiable homicide, so he was not convicted of murder. that allowed him to go on and become governor of alabama. the governor married his first cousin. he closed state government down at the age of 39 and married a 16-year-old girl. this is a working museum. 53rd governor of alabama since 1819. this is on the south wing. we have the secretary of state, along with the governor and those are the only four elected officials in alabama state capital. we moving into the old supreme court chamber. the supreme court landed here from 1851 to 1884.

today, they meet on dexter avenue two blocks down. it is a historic room. the casket carrier remains from

louisiana to richmond, virginia. for five hours. you can see the casket there in the picture. mrs. davies was a very passionate woman. in the book, she wrote, as the train rolled into montgomery, alabama, she felt it was fitting to allow the train to stop in here and let the casket among those he loved so much and those who loved him so much. we are in the third floor of alabama state capital. we are inside the dome. i will explain. we became a state in 1890. drafting of the first constitution and alabama.

president of united states at that time. on the other level, they are identical. they have a definite getting and a definite ending. between 1861 in 1865, the confederate states of america were formed. 11 states and the confederate state, 13 original -- our state name is alabama. that is a native american name. most of the cities alabama were native american names. this is the chief. that is where he gets his name. but they did not sell it -- -- spell it with a t. we have 35 chairs. there are 35 members of the alabama state senate.

from 1851 to 1985. this is the most historic net -- historic room. it is because of the confederate states of america. jefferson davis worked in the room 1861 to may 20, forming the confederate state. they are all a lecture five now. the stage above, that is the gallery, where or net people would come to wash the lawmakers make the laws we have to abide by. we housed alabama state senate in the room to 1985. the last room we will tour today is the old house of representative chamber.

in the chamber, there is 105 chairs we housed the representative in the room from 1851 until 1985 area this room is used on a continuous asis. the main purpose of the room today is for the governor of alabama to deliver his and her state of the state address. everyone from -- since 1851, tells the story of not just alabama but the entire southeast. what was done here to focus and

bring more people in unity than anywhere else in the world, civil war and civil rights is they both happened here. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to montgomery alabama to learn about its rich history. more about montgomery and other .tops, at www.c-span.org an on lectures and history, david o'connell examines presidential legacies and what factors contribute to making a term successful. he discusses several rankings and compares the criteria and results. his class is