he listened a lot to republican leaders in washington and took advice from folks that i don't know that he would do that same thing today. transition,ng that the learning curve was incredibly steep. just like it is for every single president of the united states. there is no classes, no degree. >> watch book tv this weekend on c-span two. >> we are at the watkins history museum, where c-span is learning about the city's history. the painting behind me did takes a central air raid on the town that was a significant turning point in the city's history. we take you around the museum to learn more about the raid. >> the civil war in lawrence was the warfare.

it was something that affected everyone no matter where you live. lawrence was founded in 1854 and it was a major shakeup happening on the western border of the country at that time and 1854 congress passed the nebraska act. they determined which territories would be enslaved and which territories would be freed. the act decided it should be up to the residents of the territory to decide whether they should have slavery or not to? -- or not. that started a rush to determine which way the territory would go. desire to create a free territories what led to the founding of lawrence. was lawrence settled there an organization called the new england immigrant aid company. newcruit people from

england states, people who were anti-slavery or abolitionists. they built a building called the free state hotel. that is really the start of lawrence. with the idea that kansas should be a slave state. though started to amount in later years. by that time lawrence was seen as the center of what was known as the free state movement, the people who wanted kansas to be free from slavery. as a result of the first territorial election, kansas actually ended up with a proslavery territorial constitution.

it meant that the official government was proslavery. government was set up here in lawrence that was anti-slavery. a man name sam jones, he lived in missouri. and he brought a force of men to arrest anti-slavery people in lawrence. and he burnt it to the ground. did wasr thing he attack the way people .ommunicate one of the things they did was attack newspaper offices. we have some fragments from one of those early printing presses. were used to share

information. they were also sent back to new england, people mailed them to their relatives to let them know what was going on. them get support from places like new england and support anti-slavery settlers. he went on to become the first governor of the state of kansas when it entered the union. chair. a rocking it reflects the way people in lawrence have lived.

they really built a community that would have built at home somewhere in new england. they focused on arts and culture, on knowledge and education. they wanted to live a sophisticated lifestyle. artifacts.e other he immigrated here from wales. we worked to rebuild the state hotel after was burnt in 1856. the miller to family, who are actually south carolinians. but they didn't believe in slavery. to move outspired here to do their part.

and the farm they established on the eastern edge of town was a stop on the underground railroad. is from what is known as constitutional hall, which was the original site of the kansas territorial legislature. vote that original brought about a proslavery government in territorial kansas . it was clear the majority of voters in kansas supported kansas as free territory. a territorial government was established. then that government started to petition congress to enter the union as a free state. they tried three times before they were actually successful. and one of the things that

allowed kansas to be successful with their final petition is at the same time the civil war has started to bubble up and states were beginning to secede and senators were leaving and there was an anti-slavery majority in the senate. of 1861 kansas entered the union as the freese eight. the nation divided into civil war. laying, who james kansas senators. he was very aggressive. they used to take raids across

the border. and they would what they called a great slaves and bring back here to lawrence. jayhawks going into missouri at the same time, what we call border ruffians, we would be doing the same thing in kansas. back-and-forth, these raids that would burn buildings and properties. those kinds of rates didn't happen anymore. missouri was a confederate state. both sides were caught up in a national conflict.

they give 400 graders. that open green space, and divided into three groups and headed up each of the three main streets. really in to heart of the business district. they were not prepared to fight back. the raiders came to lawrence with the intention of rooting out those union supporters. on this list, kind of a hit list of people that they

were targeting. many of the people weren't in town. jim lange was one, he was here. cornfield, which was hard to penetrate on horseback. they started to shoot men on-site, in addition to setting buildings on fire. it became clear that this was a murderous event. it was the women of lawrence who present themselves as a way of protecting their families and homes. as the event played out and the raiders were here for four hours, there was tremendous distraction. some of the artifacts we have in here reflect that. we have panels of fused glass, which were window glass.

we have a floorboard and also some examples of the kind of media that took place after the raid. just a couple of days after the raid. then in national magazines there were illustrations of what the raid had been like. those kind of images spread the news of the raid and really set it up as a national tragedy. most of the downtown business district was burned to the ground and 85 private homes were lost. and it was really tough to widows to put the pieces back together and to find a way to make their family survive. some of what we have here reflects the personal stories of those families that survived.

in moste artifacts that cases were passed down from generation to generation in those families. mrs. richardson was able to make readers --ith the the raiders, and able to save it before they burned it, claiming it was needed for her family's survival. on really close inspection, you notice that the drawers don't match the wood of the rest of the chest. the drawers were safe from their burning home. i could imagine that if you wanted to disable was inside the dresser, the easiest thing to do would be grabbed the dresser drawer and run out with it. built inthis cabinet order to house those drawers. i'm sure is a way of reminding

the family of what they had overcome. ae raid on lawrence was turning point in the city. in 1864 the town was occupied with rebuilding itself. the railroad arrived and the telegraph arrived. by the close of the civil war, lawrence had pretty much recovered. by 1867 the union pacific railroad sent out a photographer who was photographing all of the places the union pacific railroad went. he took a number of views of lawrence and he did a shot down massachusetts street, which is lawrence's main street. you would never be able to tell the town has been restored. the city really came to pride itself on this arise from the ashes. the symbol is a phoenix. we call on that as the defining moment in our community. and see that spirit of

resilience that drives us forward today. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to lawrence, kansas to learn about its rich history. learn more about lawrence and other stops at c-span.org/citiestour. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. this week, on the communicators, federal communications on keyion chair ig high issues that chair -- chair ajit pai. including 5g. >> getting the more spectrum in

the commercial marketplace. option, 37, 39 and 47 spectrum next year. talking about the six gigahertz span. we finished some rules on earlier this year. the networks in the future work very much like -- very much unlike the 4g networks. we will see small cells that are inconspicuous. this is a critical part of 5g, getting the wireline infrastructure in place to carry out his internet traffic back in the core of the network. america will win the race to 5g.

>> watch the communicators monday night at a eastern on c-span two. , sun american history tv, historian j winick and doris kearns goodwin discuss the qualities of character that they believe are essential for presidential leadership and -- leadership in challenging times. of the discussion focuses on president lincoln during the civil war. the council on foreign relations hosted this hour-long event as part of their ongoing lessons from history series. >> i'm david gregory. what a great opportunity for me to be part of this conversation with these two wonderful historians. about presidential leadership, lessons from history.