. coming up wednesday morning, former republican national committee chair michael steele joins us to talk about the trump.nd president then, philip crowley, former assistant secretary of state of public affairs under president obama, on the trump administration's national security and foreign policy efforts, as well as white house plans to roll out new travel guidance. alansa today reporter gomez looks at new immigration guidelines drafted the department of homeland security as part of president trump separates to increase enforcement -- president trump's efforts to increase enforcement in the united states. join the discussion. president donald trump delivers his first address to a joint session of congress on tuesday, february 28. up next, and look at the first

speeches to congress by the last five presidents. ronald reagan, george h.w. bush, bill clinton, george w. bush, and barack obama. the speeches, which are not considered state of the union addresses, focus on policy priorities of the new administration. we began with ronald reagan, speaking before the congress on february 18, 1981. [applause] members of the congress, i have the high privilege as a distinct honor of person she the president of the united states. [cheers and applause] pres. reagan: thank you. thank you very much.

[applause] pres. reagan: thank you. thank you very much. [applause] pres. reagan: thank you all very much. mr. speaker, mr. president, distinguished members of congress, honored guests, and fellow citizens, only a month ago i was your guest in this historic building, and i pledge to you my cooperation in doing what is right for this nation that we all love so much. i am here tonight to reaffirm that pledge, and to ask that we share in restoring the promise that is offered to every citizen by this last best hope for man on earth. all of us are aware of the

punishing inflation that has for the first time in 60 years held a double-digit figure for two years in a row. interest rates have reached levels of more than 20%, and more than 15% for those who borrow a home. across this hand, one can see home standing vacant and unsold because of contents restraints -- mortgage interest rates. millions are out of work, people who want to be productive, but as the months go by, despair dominates their lives. the trends of layoff and all who work are frustrated by their inability to keep up with inflation. one worker in the midwest city but it to me this way. he said, i am bringing home more dollars than i ever believed i could possibly earn, but i seem to be getting worse off, and he is. of only have hourly earnings the american worker, after adjusting for inflation,

declined 5% over the past five years,but in these five federal personal taxes for the average family had increased 67%. we can no longer procrastinate and hope that things will get better. they will not. unless we act forcefully and now , the economy will get worse. we deny it is somewhat out of control? approaching debt is $1 trillion. a few weeks ago, i called such a figure incomprehensible, and i have been trying to think of a way to illustrate how big $1 .rillion really is the best i could come up with is, if you had a stack of five $1000 bills in your hand only four inches high, you would be a . the best i could come up withmi. a trillion dollars would be a stack of thousand dollar bills

60 miles high. the public debt will be over $90 million, and unless we change the spending for the fiscal year, we will add almost another $80 billion to the debt. adding to the trouble is a massive amount of regulations on major industry that is estimated to add $100 billion to the prices of things we buy, and it reduces our ability to produce. increase in american productivity, once one of the highest in the world, is among the lowest of industrial nations . it has declined in the last three years. i painted a pretty grim picture, but i think i painted it accurately. it is within our power to change this picture, and we can act with hope. there is nothing wrong with our internal strengths. there has been no breakdown of the human, technological, and national resources on which the economy is built.

based on this confidence in a system which has never failed us, but which we have failed through a lack of confidence, and sometimes on the believe that we can fine-tune the economy to our liking, i am proposing a comprehensive, four-point program. let me highlight in detail some of the principal parts of this program. you will each be provided with a copy of the program. at this program is aimed at reducing the growth in government spending and taxing, performing and eliminating regulations which are unnecessary or counter effective, and -- counterproductive, and encouraging a monetary policy aimed at maintaining the value of currency. if enacted in full, this program can help america create 13 million new jobs, nearly 3 million more than we would have without these measures. it would also help us to gain control of inflation. it is important to note that we

are only reducing the rate of increase in taxing and spending. we are not attempting to cut either spending or taxing labels below that then what we have. this will get our economy moving again. productivity growth will create the jobs that people must have. i am asking that you join me in reducing federal spending by $41.4 billion in fiscal year 1982. [applause] pres. reagan: this goes along billion inr $7.7 user fees for a total of $49.1 billion, and this will still allow an increase of $40.8 .illion over 1981 spending

i know that exaggerated and inaccurate stories about these cuts have deserved -- disturbed many people, particularly those dependent on benefit programs for their basic needs. at of you have heard from afraid that social security checks would be taken away from them. i regret the fear that these stories have caused, and i take this opportunity to set things straight. we will continue to fulfill the obligations that spring from our national conscience. those who, through no fault of their own, must depend on the rest of us, all those with true need, can rest assured that the social safety net of programs they depend on are exempt from any cuts. the full retirement benefits to social security recipients will be continued, along with an annual cost-of-living increase. medicare will not be cut, nor

will supplemental income for the blind, the aged, and the disabled. school breakfast and lunch is for the children of low income families will continue, as well -- as will nutrition for other special services. there will be no cut in summer youth jobs. all in all, nearly $216 billion worth of programs providing help for tens of millions of americans will be fully funded, but government will not continue to subsidize individuals or particular business interest where real need cannot be demonstrated. i am sure there is one department you have been waiting for me to mention, the department of defense. it is the only department in our entire program that will actually be increased over the present budgeted figure. [applause]

pres. reagan: but even here, there was no exception. these measures will save $2.9 billion in 1980 two outlays, and by 1986, a total of $28.2 billion will be saved, or, perhaps i should say, will be made available for the things we must do. the aim will be to provide the most effective defense for the lowest cost. i believe my duty as president requires that i recommended increases in defense spending over the couple -- over the coming years. [applause] pres. reagan: i know that you

are all aware, but i think it bears saying again that the soviet union has invested $3 billion more in its military forces then we have. as a result, the soviets have made a significant numerical advantage in strategic nuclear delivery systems, tactical aircraft, submarines, artillery's, and antiaircraft defense. to allow this to continue is a threat to our national security. notwithstanding our economic making the changes now is far less costly than waiting and having to do a crash program several years from now. we are committed to arms limitation through negotiation. i hope we can persuade our adversaries to come to a realistic balance and verifiable agreements. [applause] pres. reagan: but as we

negotiate, our security must be fully negotiated by a balanced and realistic defense program. let me say a word about the general problem of waste and fraud in the federal government. one study indicate that fraud alone may indicate from 1% -- may make up 1% to 10% for social programs. if the tax dollars that are mismanaged are added to this total, the staggering dimensions of this problem again to emerge. the office of management and budget is now putting together an interagency tax force to .ttack waste and fraud we are also planning to a point as inspectors general highly trained professionals who will spend no effort to do this job. -- spare no effort to do this job. this, waste and fraud in the federal government is exactly what i have called it before, an unrelenting national

scandal, a scandal we are bound and determined to do something about. [applause] pres. reagan: marching in lockstep with the whole program of reduction in spending is the equally important program of reduced tax rates. both are essential if we are to have economic recovery. create jobs and gave the american people room to do what they do best, and that can only be done with a tax program that provides incentive to increase productivity for both workers and industry. our proposal is for a 10% cut across the board for three years , every year, for all income taxpayers, making a total cut in tax rates of 30%.

this reduction will also apply to the tax on hundred income, leading to an eventual elimination of the differential between the tax on earned and unearned income. i would hope that we can be retroactive with this, but as it stands, the effective starting wee for these 10% reductions will call for july 1 of this year. let me remind you that 30% reduction will leave the taxpayers with $500 billion more in their pockets over the next five years, but it is actually a reduction in the tax increase already built into the system. unlike some past "tax reforms," this is not merely a shift in wealth from different taxpayers. this proposal of an equal reduction of everyone's tax rates will expand our prosperity and increase opportunities for all americans.

some will argue that i know that reducing tax rates now will be inflationary. a solid body of economic experts does not agree. and tax cuts adopted over the past 3/4 of a century indicate these economic experts are right . they will not be inflationary. that in 1980e five, a real production in goods and services will grow by 20% and the $300 billion higher than today. wageverage worker's will rise eight percent, in after-tax dollars, and this is predicated on a program of cuts implemented. the other part of the tax package is aimed at providing business and industry with the capital needed to modernize and engage in development. this will allow an increase in

depreciation allowances, and this part of our tax proposal will be retroactive to january 1. the present depreciation system is obsolete, needlessly complex, and counterproductive. we are proposing a must shorter right on time -- a much shorter writ off time than is -- teoff time that is previously allowed. businesses will acquire nearly $10 billion for investment. by 1985, the figure will be .early $45 billion these changes are essential to providing you investment needed to create millions of new jobs. and to make america competitive once again in the world are good -- in the world market.

[applause] pres. reagan: these will not be makework jobs. they are productive jobs, jobs with a future. i am aware there are other needed tax changes, such as reindexing the income tax brackets to protect taxpayers against inflation, the unjust discrimination against married couples if both are working, tuition tax credits, the unfairness of the inheritance tax, and a number of others. but our program for economic recovery is so urgently needed to bring down inflation that i am asking you to act on this with greater urgency, and then i pledge i will join you in seeking these additional tax changes at the earliest date possible.

[applause] pres. reagan: american society experienced a virtual explosion and government regulation during the past decade between -- in the past decade. and 1979,70 seven expenditures for the regulatory agencies properly billed. the number of paid -- agencies quadrupled. the result has been higher prices, higher unemployment, and .ow productivity growth over regulation causes small businessmen and women, as well as large businesses, to defer lands for expansion. since they are responsible for most of the new jobs, those jobs are just not created. we have no advantage in dismantling regulatory agencies, especially those to ensure

protection of the environment. however, we must come to grips burdensome regulations, eliminate those we can, and reform the others. i have asked vice president bush to head a tax force on reagan a relief. -- regulatory relief. the cabinet to -- third, in coordination with the tax force -- task force, many agencies have taken prompt action to review and resend burdensome regulations. finally, i cited an executive order that for the first time provides for effective in her native and is meant -- and coordinated management for the processes. will illuminate those regulations that are unproductive and unnecessary by executive order where possible, and cooperate fully with you on those that require legislation. the final aspect of our plan

requires a national monetary policy that does not allow monetary growth to increase consistently faster than the growth of goods and services. in order to curb inflation, we need to slow the growth in our money supply. we fully recognize the independence of the federal reserve system will do nothing -- federal reserve system. we will do nothing to undermine that. we will consult with the federal reserve board on all aspects of our economic program, and will pursue policies that make our job -- that will make their job easier. a successful program to achieve stable and moderate growth platters in the money supply will keep both interest rates down and restore vigor to our financial institutions and markets. this is our proposal, america's new beginning, a program for economic recovery. i don't want it to be simply the plan of my administration. i want to ask you to join me in

making our plan. together, we can embark on this. [applause] pres. reagan: thank you very much. [applause] pres. reagan: i should have arranged to quit right there. [applause] well, together we can embark on this road not to make things easy, but to make things better.

our social, political, and cultural, as well as our economic institutions can no longer absorb the repeated shocks that have been dealt them over the past decades. can we do the job? the answer is yes, but we must begin now. we are in control. there is nothing wrong with america that together we can't fix. cries ofthere will be don't touch my program. i hope i have made it plain approach is evenhanded, and only the programs for the truly deserve it needy are untouched. the question is, will we get on the same path we have gone out before, carving out one special program here or there? i don't think that is what the american people expect, more important, i don't think that's what they want. they are ready to return to the .ource of our strength

the prosperity of our nation is built by the wages brought home from the factories, but mills, the farms, and the shops. the interest on the thrift of , and the returns for their risk-taking. the production of america is built on those that create and produce. for too long, we have removed from our people the decisions on how to dispose of what they have created. we must alter our course. the taxing power of government must be used to provide revenues for legitimate government purposes. it must not be used to regulate the economy or bring about social change. [applause] pres. reagan: we tried that, and surely we must be able to see it does not work.

spending by government must be limited to those functions which are the proper province of government. we can no longer afford things simply because we think of them. next year, we can reduce the budget by $41.4 billion without harm to government's legitimate purposes, or to our responsibility to all who need our benevolence. this reduction in tax rates will help ring and end to inflation. are proposing will reduce the need for 465 pages of regulations,es of 5000 federal employees who presently administer 7600 separate grants in about 25,000 separate locations. [applause] pres. reagan: over 7 million men and women hours at work are

required to fill out government forms. the question to those who have indicated already an unwillingness to accept such a plan. have they have alternative which offers a greater chance of alan cigna budget, reducing -- of balancing the budget, stimulating the creation of jobs, and reducing the tax burden? if they have, are they suggesting that we can continue on the present course without coming to a day of reckoning? [applause] pres. reagan: if we don't do this, inflation and the growing tax burden will put in end to everything we believe in and our dreams to the future. we don't have an option of living with inflation. millions of productive people willing and able to work, but unable to find a fire for their work in the job market.

we have alternative, and that is the program for economic recovery. true, it will take time, but the favorable effects -- it will take time for the favorable effects to be felt, so we must begin now. the people are watching and waiting. they don't demand miracles. they do expect us to act. let us act together. thank you. [applause] announcer: you are watching this special program featuring the first speeches to congress i knew presidents. donald trump delivers his first address to a joint session on tuesday, february 28. up next, portions from a speech of president george h.w. bush from february 9, 1989, just a few weeks after his inauguration. >> ladies and gentlemen, i have the high honor and distinct

privilege to present the president of the united states. [applause] >> speaker.

the thing of the house and in it, honored guest and fellow citizen, less than three weeks ago i joined you on the left front of this very building. looking oversh: the monuments of our proud past. of continued prosperity and peace. and i and that to offer you my plans as well. they can't remain extended. the sleeves are rolled up. now we must produce. together we can build a better america. it is comforting to return to the historic chamber. here, 22 years ago, i first laid my hand to be sworn into public life. tonight i feel as if i am

returning home to friends. i intended -- [applause] pres. h.w. bush: i intend in the months and years to come to give you what friends deserve, respect and my best judgment about ways to improve america's future. in return, i ask for an honest commitment to our common mission of progress. if we seize the opportunities on the road before us, there will be praised enough are all. all.aise enough for many presidents have come to this chamber in times of great , depression, loss of

national spirit. eight years ago, i sat in that very chair as president reagan spoke about devastatingly high interest rates and people out of work. our challenge is different. we are fortunate. a much changed landscape lays before us tonight. i do not propose to reverse direction. we are headed the right way. .e cannot rest we are a people whose energy and drive has fueled our rise to greatness. we are a forward-looking nation. ambitious as well. ourselves but for the world. complacency is not in our character. not before, not now, not ever. [applause]

pres. h.w. bush: so tonight, we must take a strong america and make it even better. we must address some very real problems. we must establish very clear priorities and make a very substantial cut in the federal budget deficit. [applause] pres. h.w. bush: some people find that agenda and possible. i am presenting to you a realistic plan for tackling it. my plan has four broad features. attention to urgent priorities, investment in the future, an attack on the deficit, and no new taxes. [applause]

pres. h.w. bush: this budget represent my best judgment of how we can address our priorities. there are many areas in which we would all like to spend more than i propose. i understand that. but we cannot come until we get our fiscal house in order. next year alone, thanks to economic growth, without any change in the law, the federal government will take in over $80 billion more than it does this year. that is right. over $80 billion in new revenues with no new increases in taxes. our job is to allocate those resources wisely. we can afford to increase spending by a modest amount. invest in key

priorities and cut the deficit by 40% in one year. that will allow us to meet the target set forth. to do that, we must recognize inflation andut federal programs is not preordained. it is not all spending initiative. [applause] pres. h.w. bush: i make this pledge tonight. my team and i are ready to work with the congress to form a special leadership group to negotiate in good faith, to work day and night, if that is what it takes to meet the budget target and to produce a budget on time. we cannot settle for business as usual.

i asked the congress tonight to approve several measures which will make budgeting more sensible. we could save time and improve efficiency by enacting two-year budgets. [applause] governors bush: 43 have the line item veto. presidents should have it too. [applause] least,.w. bush: the very when a president proposes to extend federal funding, the congress should be required to vote on a proposal in that of killing it by inaction. [applause] ask thew. bush: i

congress to honor the public's wishes by taxing -- passing a amendment.nal one faith inment will discipline both the congress and the executive branch. several principles described the kind of america i hope to build with your help in the years ahead. we will not have the luxury of taking the easy approach to solving problems because higher spending and higher taxes put economic growth at risk. economic growth provides jobs and hope. economic growth enables us to pay for social programs. economic growth enhances the security of the nation. low tax rates create economic growth.

i believe in giving americans greater freedom and greater choice. i will work for choice for american families, whether in the house in which they live, the school to which they send their children, or the childcare they select for their young. [applause] pres. h.w. bush: i believe that we have an obligation to those in need. the government should not be the provider of first resort for things that private sector can produce better. i believe in a society with -- that is free of discrimination and bigotry of any kind. [applause] pres. h.w. bush: i will work to

knock down the barriers left by past discrimination and to build . and to build a more tolerant society that will stop such barriers from ever being built again. i believe that family and faith represents the moral compass of the nation. i will work to make them strong. " if an franklin said sparrow cannot fall to the ground without his notice, can a great nation ryan without his aid -- nation rise without his aid?" together let's put power in the hands of people. [applause] three weeks ago

, we celebrated bicentennial inaugural. the 200th anniversary of the first presidency. thing isok back, one so striking about the way the founding fathers listed america america. they did not talk about themselves, they talked about prosperity. they talked about the future. we must think in terms bigger than ourselves create we must take action today that will ensure a better tomorrow. we must extend american leadership and technology. investments,-term improve our educational system, and boost productivity.

these are the keys to building a better future for the families of america. hold fast to your dream because ultimately, america's future in your hands. to my friends in this chamber, ask for your cooperation to keep america growing while cutting the deficit. it is only fair to those who have no vote for generations to come. let's look back and say we had the foresight to understand that in -- a time of peace and prosperity is not a time to rest but a time to press forward, a time to invest in the future. isproblem of human making too great to be overcome by energy, and the untiring hopes of the american -- the american spirit.

asked that congress come forward with your own proposals. let's not question each other's motives. let's debate. let's negotiate, but less solve the problem. [applause] , on. h.w. bush: tonight

february 9 1941, 48 years ago tonight, with churchill took to the airwaves during britain's hour of peril. he received from president roosevelt a handcarried letter quoting longfellow famous poem. state. oceans of sale on a union strong and great. years,y, with all its with all the hopes of future breathlesss hanging on your feet. churchill responded on this broadcasts to a nation at war. he directed his words to franklin roosevelt. " we shall not alter, we shall he said.or falter." " we shall not weekend for fall

-- we will finish the job." tonight, our peril may be less immediate, but the need for perseverance and clear-sighted fortitude is just as great. thoses then, there are who say it cannot be done. there are voices who say that americans that days have passed. we are bound by constraint, threatened by problem, surrounded by troubles that limit our ability to cope. tonight i remain full of hope. we americans have only begun on our mission of goodness and greatness. i repeatedly, give us the tools and we will do the job. thank you. god bless you and god bless america. [applause]

>>thank you. as the nation prepares to hear from president donald trump in an address to join congress, the families that to speeches by the last five president. bill clinton spoke on february of -- he is the occasions outline his plans for boosting the economy will also cutting the budget deficit. congress, if the had the high privilege and distinct honor of presenting to you, the president of the united state. [applause] pres. clinton: thank you.

thank you. thank you very much. mr. president, mr. speaker, members of the house and the american,stinguished it is nice to have a fresh excuse for giving a long beach. ech.pe [laughter]

pres. clinton: typically vague opportunities we face in the united states. this is not an ordinary time. i believe tonight that one calls on to focus tonight and to act. that is our economy. we went to make our economy thrive again. let me begin by saying it has been too long, at least three decades since a president has come and challenged americans to join him on a national journey, not only to consume the bounty of today but to invest for a much greater one tomorrow. [applause] pres. clinton: like individuals, nations ultimately decide how they wish to conduct themselves.

how they wish to be thought of by those who with they live and judged byish to be history. by every individual, nation must decide whether they are prepared to rise to the occasion history present them. we have always been a people of youthful energy and daring spirit. as communism has fallen, as freedom is spreading around the global economy is taking shape before our eyes, and americans have called for change area it is up to us in this room to deliver for them. our nation needs a new direction. tonight at present to you a comprehensive land to set our nation on that new course. i believe we will find our new direction in the basic, old values that brought us here over the last two centuries. the commitment to opportunity.

we must now break the habit of those political parties and say that there can be no more something for nothing areas we are all in this together -- for nothing. we are all in this together. [applause] the conditions which brought us to this point are well-known. two decades of low productivity , persistent unemployment and underemployment, years of huge government deficit declining in our future, exploding health care costs and lack of coverage for americans, education and job training opportunities. for too long we have drifted. strong sense of purpose or responsibility to our

community. our political the them is seen paralyzed and special interest groups, but -- partisan bickering. i believe we can do better because we remain the greatest nation on our, the world's strongest economy, the world only military superpower. we must, wechanges can sell into the 21st century with possibility of our parents could not have even imagined and secure the american dream for ourselves and future generations. [applause] pres. clinton: i remember 12 years ago, president reagan's said at this very podium and told you in the american that it -- today, that stack

would reach 267 miles. i tell you this not to assign blame for this problem. there is plenty of blame to go around in most branches of the government and for parties. the time has come for the blame to end. [applause] pres. clinton: i did not seek --s office the place billion to place blame.

if we do right by this country, i do not care who get the credit for it. [applause] the plan i offer you has for fundamental components. it shifts are interest in public and private spending from consumption to investment. initially, by jumpstarting the economy in the short term and investing in our people, their jobs, and their income. the rhetoricanges of the past into the actions of the present by honoring work and family in every part of our public decision-making. third, is substantially reduces the federal deficit honestly and credibly by beginning the most conservative estimates of government revenues, using the

most optimistic ones. [applause] pres. clinton: finally it seeks to earn the trust of the american people by paying for these plans with cut in government waste and inefficiency. fairness and change in the way additional burdens are born. [applause] and i am want to talk with you about what government can do cap i believe government must do more. that the realst engine of economic growth is the private sector. [applause] pres. clinton: second, that each

of us must be an engine of growth and change. the truth is as government creates more opportunity in this new and different time, we must also demand more response really in turn. our immediate priority must be create jobs and create job now. some people say we are in a recovery and do not need to do that. in a recovery, but we are not creating new jobs. [applause] pres. clinton: to create jobs

and guarantee a strong recovery, i call on congress to enact an immediate package of job ,nvestment of over $30 billion to put people to work now, to create half a million jobs, jobs two revealed -- rebuild our highways and spread hope and opportunity among our nation's youth. especially i want to emphasize --er the event in my family los angeles last year. almostoposal will create 700,000 new summer job for young people this summer. [applause] tonight i invite america's business leaders to join us in this effort so that together we can provide over one million summer jobs in cities and rural areas for our young

people. second, our plan looks beyond today's business cycle because our aspirations extend into the next century. the heart of this plan deals with the long-term. it is an investment program designed to increase private investment in areas critical to our economic future. it has a deficit reduction program. it will lower interest rates to a decrease the percentage of the federal budget, and decrease the risk of financial market deception that could adversely affect our economy. al of this will bring us higher rate of economic growth, improve productivity, high-quality jobs, and improve economic competition in the world. in order to accomplish both,

--ething spending must be cut and taxes must be raised. ,ll of our efforts will fail let me say this again, i feel so strongly about this. all of our efforts will fail this year,lso take not next year or five years from that tos year those --orm our health care system steps to reform our health care system. [applause]

pres. clinton: in 1992, we spent 14% of our income on health care. more than 30% more than any other country in the world yet we were the only advanced nation that did not provide health care conference -- and if it to all of our citizens. benefits to all of our citizens. our families will never be secure, our businesses will never be strong, and our government will never again be the solvent until we tackled the health care crisis. we must do it this year. [applause]

pres. clinton: the combination of the rising cost of care and the lack of care, and the fear .f losing care they are beginning our economy every day. reducing health care costs can liberate hundreds of billions of dollars from your investment and growth and jobs. bringing health, in line with inflation would do more for the private sector in this country than any other tax cut that we could give. reforming health care of the long run is critically essential to reducing not only our death that but expanding investment -- not only our deficit, but

expanding investment. [applause] pres. clinton: later this spring, after the first lady and the good people helping her across the country complete their work, i will deliver to congress a comprehensive plan for health care reform that will bring costs under control and provide security for all of our families, so that no one will be denied the coverage they need but our economic future will not be compromised either. [applause] we will have to root out overcharges and make sure that paperwork no longer chokes your doctor. we will have to maintain the highest american standards and the right to choose any system that is the world's finest for all those who can access it. [applause] first we must

make choices. choose to give the american people the quality they demand and deserve with the system that were not bankrupt the country or further drive more americans into agony. that i wanter say to mark with all of you on this. i realized this is a complicated it.e, but we must address i believe if there is any chance that replicants -- republicans and democrats can agree on anything, we can get these numbers and tell our people the truth that we cannot continue these spending patterns. we can do better. backe end, we have to get to the deficit. there's been a lot of talk about it but very few credible effort to deal with it. now i understand why.

i believe this plan does. it tackles the budget deficit seriously and over a long term. it was in place one of the biggest deficit reductions and one of the biggest changes in federal priorities from consumption to investment in history of this country over the next four years. let me say to all the people , we're not tonight cutting the deficit just because experts say it is the thing to do or because it has intrinsic merit, we have to cut it because the more we spent paying off debt, the less tax dollars we have to invest in job and education and the future of this country. the more money we take, the harder it is for people in the private sector to borrow money at affordable interest rate or a college loan for their children, a home mortgage or to start a

new business. that is why we have to reduce the debt because it is crowding out other activities that we ought engaged in. [applause] pres. clinton: we cut the deficit so that our children will be able to buy a home, so that our companies can invest in the future and train their workers so that our government can make the kind of investment that we need to be a stronger and safer nation. if we do not act now, you and i might not recognize this government two years from now. ,f we stay with the same trend -- deficit will be on the paying interest on that debt will be the costliest government program of all. we will still be the largest

debtor. when members of congress can't hear they will be devoting $.20 health care and other entitlements. he will deliberate and argue over seven cents no matter what the problems were. we will be terribly dependent -- this budget plan by contrast will by 1997 cut $140 billion in that year alone from the death -- deficit. using the independent members of the congressional budget office. [laughter] you can laugh, my fellow republicans, but i will point out that the congressional

budget office was more conservative with what will happen the previous president. [applause] pres. clinton: i did this so that we can argue about priorities. i did this so that no one could say that i was estimating my way out of this difficulty. i did this because if we can agree together on the most prudent revenues we are likely to get in the recovery phase, then it will turn out better for the american people than we say. in the last 12 years because

differences of the revenue estimates, you and i both know that both parties were given greater elbowroom for it your responsibility. this is tightening the rain dif- tightening the reins on the democrats as well as the republicans. measures will cost an american family with an income of about $40,000 a year less than $70 a month. it will cost american families with incomes under $30,000 nothing because of other programs we proposed. presently those with income tax credits. because of our determination to reduce the deficit, if we do these things, we will be the continuation of what has happened since the election. since the secretary of the treasury, the office of

management and budget have begun to speak out publicly in favor of a tough deficit reduction plan. interest rates have continued to fall long-term. that means that for the middle class who will pay something more each month, if they had any credit needs or demand, their increased energy costs will be more than offset by lower interest costs for mortgage, credit card. this will be a wise investment for them and their country now. [applause] i would also: point out what the american people already know. that is that because we are a big country where if we drive long distances we maintain far lower burden than any other advanced country. we would still have far lower demand on energy than any other country. these holies unfairly with real

intent to make sure that no cost is imposed on families with incomes lower than $30,000. i ask all of you to consider think of the tax program or spending cuts. consider the cost of not changing. remember the numbers that you all know. if we keep doing what we are doing, by the end of the decade we will have a deficit. 20% of our national income wasdg health care every year, twice as much as any other country on the face of the globe. we keep doing what we go -- doing and $.20 on the dollar will have to go to that. ourselves toning

years of foundation, interrupted by occasional recession. and no moreand job growth and income. to raise productivity so that we can generate both jobs and income. we will be condemning our children and our children's children to let their lives that we enjoy. lives then we enjoy. double take 100 years to living standards until our grandchildren grandchildren are born. i say that is too long to wait. [applause] pres. clinton: tonight the

american people know we have to change. they are also likely to ask me tomorrow and all of you for the month ahead whether we have the fortitude to make changes happen in the right way. leavenow that i soon as i this chamber and you go home, various interest groups will be out in force lobbying against this or that piece of the plan. if the forces of conventional wisdom will offer a thousand reasons why we are to do this .ut we just can't do it our people will be watching and wondering, not to see whether you disagree with me on a particular issue but to see whether this will be business as usual or a new day. whether we will conduct ourselves as if we know we are working for them. we must scale the wall of the people skepticism's. not with our words but with our deeds.

[applause] pres. clinton: after so many years of good luck and , the american people are going to be harsh and their judgment of all of us if we fail you this moment. you -- to seize this moment. bysk you all to begin resisting the temptation to focus on a particular spending cut you do not like or a particular investment that was not made. no one likes tax increases, but let's face facts.

administrations of both parties, income has fallen and productivity has not grown as it should. reality ofeny the our situation. [applause] my fellowton: americans, the test of this plan cannot be what is in it for me, it has to be what is in it for us. [applause] pres. clinton: if we work hard and if we work together, if we rededicate ourselves to creating

jobs rewarding work and strengthening our families, reinventing our government, we lift our country's fortunes again. look into your own heart to spark your own hopes and fire your own imagination. there is so much good, possibility, so much excitement in this country now that if we act boldly and honestly come as leaders should, our legacy will be one of prosperity and progress. this must be america's new direction. let's summon the courage. god bless america. president donald cap delivers an address to a joint session of congress on tuesday, february 28. the first addressed by a new president is used to lay out healthy and budget priorities.

c-span has looked back at the five past presidents. >> members of congress, i have the highest privilege and distinct honor of presenting the president of the united states. [applause] pres. w. bush: thank you very much. thank you.

,r. speaker, mr. vice president members of congress, it is a great privilege to be here and outline and you budget and a new approach. i thank you for your invitation to the care tonight. i know congress had to formally invite me, and it could have been a close vote. [laughter] pres. w. bush: mr. vice president, i've pre-sheet you -- i appreciate you being here to break the tie. we are off to a good start. i will continue to meet with you input. for your you have been kind and candid and i thank you for making a new president feel welcome. [applause]

pres. w. bush: the last time i visited the i came to take in -- an oath. i pledged to honor our constitution and laws create i asked you to join me in setting a tone of civility and respect in washington. [applause] i hope america is noticing the difference because we are making progress. together we are changing the tone in the nation's capital. the spirit of respect and cooperation is vital area because in the end we will be judged not only buy what we say or how we say it, we will be judged by what we are able to accomplish.

american today is a nation with great challenges. an artist using statistics as a brush to paint two very different pictures of our country. one would have warning signs, rising energy crisis, too many failing school, persistent poverty, stubborn vestiges of racism. another picture would be full of budget, big balance surpluses, a military that is second to none, a country at peace with its neighbors, technology that is revolutionizing the world, and strength, concerned citizens who care for our country and each other. neither picture is complete in and of itself. tonight a challenge and invite congress to use the resources of one picture to repaint the other, to direct the advantages

of our time to solve the problem of our people. some of these resources will come from government, some but not all. here after a year in washington, budgets to come down to an old, tired argument. on one side, those who want more government regardless of the cost. on the other side, those who want less government despite the need. we should chart a different course. [applause] pres. w. bush: government has able -- an important role. private charity and the private economy, our new governing

division says government should --limited but not overly overbearing. my budget is based on that philosophy. it is reasonable and it is responsible. meets obligations. the increase spending for security -- social security and medicare by $81 billion. we have increased spending for discretionary programs by a %.sponsible for percent -- 4 when money is still left over, my plan return it to the people who earned it in the first place. [applause]

pres. w. bush: a budget impact counted in dollars but measured lives.-- a cleaner environment, a stronger defense, all you are -- ftant and we find them und them. my top priority. [applause]

pres. w. bush: education is my top priority and by supporting the budget, you make it yours as well. reading is the foundation of all learning, said during the next five years, the triple -- we triple spending. every child learns to read. values are important. we need to teach them not only reading and writing, but right from wrong. [applause] we have increased funding to recruit teachers because we know a good education starts with a good teacher. i have a wonderful partner in this effort. i like teachers so much, i married one. [applause]

pres. w. bush: we have increased %,r budget at a responsible 4 we have funded our priorities, we have paid down all the available debt, we have prepared for contingencies, and we still have money left over. the of the bear was set when you come to a fork in the road, take it. i bear once said when he comes a fork in the road, take it. we could spend the money on more and bigger government. that is the road our nation has traveled many years. that is far more than our economy grew, more than an -- personal income grew, and far more than the rate of inflation.

if you continue on that road, you will end the surplus and dip into social security to pay for bills. government spending is a dangerous road to deficit, so we must take a different path. [applause] the others' line is to let the american people spend their own money to meet their own needs. [applause] pres. w. bush: i hope you will firmly on standing

the side of the people. the growing surplus exists because taxes are too high and the government is charging more than it needs. the people of america have been overcharged, and on their behalf i am asking for a refund. [applause] pres. w. bush: some say my tax plan is to make. others say it is too small.

i respectfully disagree. this plan is just right. the agenda i have set before you tonight is worthy of a great nation. america is a nation of peace, a nation at rest. much has been given to us and much is expected. let's agree to bridge old divides, but let's also agree that our goodwill must be dedicated to great goal. bipartisanship is more than minding our manners, it is doing our duty. [applause] pres. w. bush: no one can speak and not be on by its history. so many turning points in his chambers.

walked the statutory all and see those men and women of marble, we are reminded of their courage and achievement. america's purpose is not found only in that she is or history, america's purpose is always -- always stands before us. our generation must show courage as our nation has always shown in times of crisis. our courage, issue by issue, can gather greatness and serve our country. this is the privilege and responsibility we share. if we work together, we can prove that public service is noble. we all came here for a reason. we all have things we want to accomplish and promises to keep. together we can. [applause]

pres. w. bush: we can make americans proud of their government. and the we can share credit of making our country more prosperous and generous and just. we can learn from our conscience and fellow citizens. tol done, good and faithful -- servants. god bless. >> our special program looking at first presidential reaches to congress includes barack obama speaking before a joint session on february 24, 2009 at the speech happened after congress passed a stimulus will along party lines and calls the

president for health care reform. you can watch live coverage of president donald trump's address on tuesday february 28 on c-span. [applause] members of congress, i have a high privilege and the distinct honor of presenting to you the president of the united states. [applause] pres. obama: thank you. thank you, everybody.

thank you. thank you very much. madame speaker, mr. vice president, members of congress, the first lady of the united , --e [applause] pres. obama: i have come here tonight not only to address that is the worst women in the chamber but to speak frankly and directly to men and women who sent us here. i know that for many americans watching right now, this week of our economy is a concern that

rises above all others, and rightly so. if you have not been personally affected by this recession, you know someone who has read it -- who has. you do not need to hear another list of statistics to know that our economy is in crisis because you live it every day. it is the world you wake up with and the source of sleepless nights. the job he thought he would retire from but have now lost. the business built your dreams upon that is the impact of this recession is real and it is everywhere. can, our economy maybe we and our confidence shaken, we living through difficult and

uncertain times. tonight, i want every american to know this. we will recover and the united states of america living will rn stronger than before. [applause] president obama: the weight of return our will not destination. the answer to our problems do not lie beyond our reach. they exist in our laboratories, universities, fields, and factories. in the imagination of our entrepreneurs and the pride of the hardest working people on earth. those qualities that have made america the greatest force of

progress and prosperity in human history. we still possess in ample measure. what is required now is for this country to pull together, confront boldly the challenges we face, and take responsibility for our future once more. [applause] if we areobama: honest with ourselves, we will admit that for too long we have not always met these responsibility's. as a government or as a people. oray this not to late blame to look backwards, but because it is only by understanding how we arrived at this moment that let -- liftble to ourselves out of this predicament. our economy did not fall into the fine -- decline overnight, nor did our problems begin when the housing market collapsed and the stock markets sank. we have known for decades that our survival depends on finding new sources of energy.

we import more oil today than ever before. the cost of health care eats up more and more of our savings year, yet we still do delay reform. -- compete forll jobs in a global economy that not prepare them for. all of these charges went unsolved, and we still managed to spend more money in pilot more debt both as individuals and through our government than ever before. not prepare them for. in other words, we have lived through an era where too often short-term gains were prized over long-term prosperity. the nexto look beyond payment, the next quarter, or the next election. our surplus became an excuse to transfer wealth to the wealthy instead of an opportunity to invest in our future. regulations -- [applause] president obama: regulations d for the expense of a

healthy market. banks pushed bad loans. critical debates were put off for some other time on some of the day. that day of reckoning has arrived. the time to take charge of our future is here. now is the time to act boldly and widely, to not only revise this economy but to build a new foundation for lasting prosperity. now's the time to jumpstart job creation, restart lending, and invest in areas like energy, health care, and education that will grow our economy as he made our choice is to bring our deficit down. that is what my economic agenda is designed to do. that is what i would like to talk to you about tonight. the agenda begins with jobs. [applause] president obama: as soon as i took office, i asked his

congress to send me a recovery plan by president's day that would put people back to work and put money in their pockets. not because i believe in bigger government, i do not, but because i am mindful of the massive debt we are inherited -- we have inherited. i call for action because the failure to do show would've cost more jobs and hardship. a failure to act with a worsen our long-term deficit by ensuring weak economic growth for years. that is why chris for quick action, tonight i'm grateful this congress delivered. i'm pleased to say the american recovery and reinvestment act is now on. [applause]

president obama: over the next two years, this plan will save or create 3.5 million jobs. on the present of these jobs will be in the private sector, rebuilding our roads and bridges, constructing wind turbines and solar panels. expanding mass transit. because of this plan, there are teachers who can keep their jobs and educate our kids. health care professionals can continue caring for our sick. 57 police officers who are still on the streets of minneapolis tonight because this plan prevented the layoff the department was about to make. [applause] because of this plan, 95% of working houseful will receive a tax cut. a tax cut you will see in your paycheck beginning on april 1.

because of this plan, families who are struggling to pay tuition costs will receive a $2500 tax credit for all four years of college. and americans -- [applause] and americansa: who have lost their jobs in this recession will be able to receive extended unemployment benefits and continued health care coverage to help them weather the storm. [applause] i know therema: are some in this chamber and watching at home who are skeptical of whether this plan will work. i understand that skepticism. in washington, we have seen how quickly good intention can turn into broken promises and wasteful spending. with the plan of this scale comes enormous responsibility to get it right. that is why i have asked vice president biden to lead a tough, unprecedented oversight effort. nobody messes with joe. [applause]

the recoveryma: plan and the financial stability plan for the immediate steps we are taking to revive our economy in the short term. the only way to fully restore america's economic strength is to make the long-term investments that will lead to new industries, and a renewed ability to compete with the rest of the world. the only way this century will be another american century is if we confront at last the price of our dependence on oil and the high cost of health care. the schools that are not preparing our children and the mountain of debt they stand to inherit. that is our responsibility. in the next few days i will submit a budget to congress. so often we come to view these documents as numbers on a page or a laundry list of programs. i see this document differently. i see it as a vision for america. it is a blueprint for our future. my budget does not attempt to

solve every problem or dress every issue. it reflects the stark reality of what we have inherited, a $1 trillion deficit, it financial crisis, and a costly recession. given these realities, everyone in these chambers, democrats and republicans will have to sacrifice some priorities for which there are no dollars, and that includes me. that does not mean that we can afford to ignore our long-term challenges. i reject the view that our problems will take care of themselves. because government has no role in laying the foundation for common prosperity. history tells a different story. history reminds us that in every moment of economic upheaval and transformation, this nation has responded with bold action and big ideas. civil war, we have laid railroad tracks from coast-to-coast expert industry. from the turmoil of the

industrial revolution came a system of public high schools that prepared our citizens for a new age. in the wake of war and depression, the g.i. bill sent a generation to college and created the largest middle class in history and -- in history. [applause] president obama: a twilight struggle for freedom led to a nation of highways, and american on the moon, and an explosion of technology that bill shapes our world. in each case, government did not supplant private enterprise, it catalyzed private enterprise. it created the conditions for thousands of entrepreneurs and new businesses to adapt and thrive. we are a nation that has seen promise amid peril. opportunity from ordeal. now we must be that nation

again. it cuts backven as on programs we do not need, the budget i submit will invest in the three areas that are absolutely critical to our economic future -- energy, health care, and education. [applause] president obama: this is america. we do not do what is easy, we do what is necessary to move this country forward. for that same reason, we must also address the crushing cost of health care. a bankruptcy in america every 30 seconds. at the end of the year, it could cost 1.5 million americans to lose their homes. in the last eight years, premiums have grown four times faster than wages. years, onethese million more americans have lost their health insurance. it is one of the major reasons why small businesses close their doors and corporations ship jobs

overseas. it is one of the largest and fastest-growing parts of our budget. given these facts, we can no longer afford to put health care reform on hold. we cannot afford to do it. [applause] it is time. [applause] president obama: already, we have done more to advance the cause of health care reform in the last 30 days then we have done the last decade. when it was days old, this congress passed a law to provide and protect health insurance for 11 million american children whose parents work full-time. [applause] president obama: our recovery

plan will invest in electronic health records, a new technology that will improve cost and save lives. it will launch a new effort to conquer a disease that has touched the life of nearly every american, including me, by seeking a cure for cancer in our time. [applause] -- ident obama: and [applause] president obama: and it makes the largest investment ever in preventive care, because that is when the best ways keep our people healthy and our cost under control. this budget builds on these reforms. it includes a historic commitment to copperheads of health care reform. a down payment on the principle that we must have quality, affordable health care for every american. if that's it is a commitment --

[applause] president obama: it is a commitment that is paid for in part by efficiencies in our system that are long overdue. it is a step we must take if we hope to bring down our deficit in the years to come. now, there will be many different opinions and ideas about how to achieve reform. that is why i'm bringing together businesses and workers, doctors and health care providers, democrats and republicans to begin work on this issue next week. i suffer no illusions that this will be an easy process. once again, it will be hard. i also know that nearly a century after teddy roosevelt first called for reform, the call of our health care has way down our economy and our conscience long enough. let there be no doubt, health-care reform cannot wait, it must not wait, and it will not wait another year. [applause] there is obama: another responsibility we have to our children, that is the

responsibility to ensure that we do not pass on to them a debt they cannot face. [applause] president obama: that is true. [applause] president obama: i agree. absolutely. [applause] president obama: i know we can get some consensus in here. [laughter] president obama: with the deficit we inherited, -- [applause] the cost of the crisis we face in the long-term challenges we must meet, it is never been more important to ensure that as our economy recovers, we do what it takes to bring this deficit down. that is critical. [applause] president obama: i am proud that

we passed a recovery plan free of your max. -- your marks. i want to pass a budget next year that ensures each dollar we spend reflects only our most important national priorities. yesterday, i hope they fiscal summit where i place to cut the deficit in half by the end of my first term in office. has begun totion go line by line through the federal budget in order to illuminate wasteful and ineffective programs. as you can imagine, this is a process that will take some time. we already identified $2 trillion in savings over the next decade. in this budget -- [applause] president obama: in this budget we will have as it -- and education programs that do not and benefits to

agriculture that do not need them. we willilluminate -- illuminate the no-bid contract that have wasted billions of dollars in iraq. , -- [applause] and reform our: defense budget so that we are not paying for weapon systems that we do not use. we will root out the waste and fraud and abuse in our medicare program that does not make our seniors any help here. we will restore a sense of fairness and balance to our tax code. end the taxlly breaks for corporations that ship our jobs overseas. [applause]

president obama: in order to save our children on a future that, we will also and tax breaks for the wealthiest 2% of americans. let me be clear. let me be absolutely clear, because i know you will end up hearing people saying that rolling back these tax rates means a massive tax increase on the american people. if your family earns less than , a quarter of $2 million a year, you will not see your taxes increase a single dime. i repeat, not one single dime. [applause] president obama: not a dime. fact, the recovery plan provides a tax cut -- that's

right a tax cut for 95% of working families. by the way, these checks are on the way. [applause] president obama: to preserve our long-term fiscal health, we must also address the growing cost in medicare and social security. comprehensive health care reform is the best way to strengthen medicare for years to come. we must also begin a conversation on how to do the same for social security while creating tax-free universal savings accounts for all americans. [applause] president obama: finally, because we are also suffering from a deficit of trust, i am committed to restoring a sense of honesty and accountability to our budget. that is why this budget accounts for spending that was left out

under the old rules. for the first time it includes the full cost of fighting in iraq and afghanistan. for seven years we have been at war, no longer will we hide its price. as we stand at the crossroads of history, the eyes of all people and all nations are once again upon us. watching to see what we do with this moment. waiting for us to lead. those of us gathered here tonight have been called to govern in extraordinary times. it is a tremendous burden, but also a great conference. -- privilege. one that has been entrusted to few generations of americans. in our hands lies the ability to shape our world for good or for ill. i know it is easy to lose sight of this truth, to become cynical and doubtful, consumed with the petty and the trivial. but in my life i've also learned that hope is found in unlikely

places, that inspiration often comes not with the power of celebrity, but the dreams and aspirations of ordinary americans were anything but ordinary. a bank president from miami who reportedly cashed out of his company, took a $69 bonus , and gave it out to all 399 people who work for him. plus, another 72 who used to work for him. he did not tell anyone. when the local newspaper found out, he simply said, i knew some of these people since i was seven years old. it did not feel right getting the money myself. [applause]

president obama: i think about -- asburg, kansas, account town that was destroyed by a tornado but is being rebuilt as a global example of how clean energy and power on entire community. jobs andring businesses to place where piles of bricks and rubble once laid. the tragedy was terrible, said one of the men who help them rebuild. the folks here know that it also provided an incredible opportunity. girlnk about the young from the school i visited in

dillon, south carolina. a place where the ceilings leak, the paint peels off the walls, they have to stop teaching six times a day because the train goes by their classroom. she had been told that her school is hopeless. the other day i asked her class, she went to the public library in typed up a letter to the people sitting in this chamber. she even asked her principal for the money to buy a stamp. the letter asks us for help. are just students strive to become lawyers, doctors, congressman like yourselves, and monday president. change, notke a just to south carolina, but also the world. we are not leaders. that is what she said. we are not quitters. these words. [applause]

president obama: these words and the stories tell us something about the spirit of the people who sent us here. they tell us that even in the most trying times, amidst the most difficult circumstances, there is a generosity, a resilience, and decency, and a determination that perseveres. a willingness to take responsibility for our future and for posterity. their resolve must be our inspiration. their concerns must be our

cause. we must show them and all our people that we are equal to the task before us. i know -- [applause] president obama: look, i know that we haven't agreed on every issue thus far. [laughter] there will bea: times in the future when we will part ways. but i also know that every american who is sitting here tonight loves this country. 60 -- they to get want it to succeed. i know that. [applause] president obama: that must be the starting point for every debate we have in the coming months. when we return after those debates are done.

that is the foundation on which the american people expect us to build common ground. if we do, if we come together and let this nation from that's of this crisis, if we put our people back to work and restart the engine of our prosperity, if we confront without fear the challenges of our time and some in that enduring spirit of an quit, andat does not someday, years from now, our children can tell their children, that this was the time when we performed. in the words that are carved into this very chamber, something worry -- worthy to be remembered, thank you, got bless you, and they got bless the united states of america. [applause] announcer: watch c-span as president donald trump delivers his first address to the joint session of congress.

live tuesday, february 28 at 9 p.m. eastern on c-span and c-span.org. listen live on the free c-span radio app. president donald trump denounced what he called bigotry, intolerance, and hatred during a visit to the new smithsonian african-american history museum today. that is next on c-span. then, a conversation on the i run a clear agreement. after that, remarks from new epa administrator scott pruitt. announcer: former commerce secretary will be part of a discussion on the future of north american trade between mexico, the u.s., and canada. live coverage from the atlantic council begins tomorrow at 1230 eastern on c-span. in the evening, milwaukee county sheriff and from supporter david clark speaks at this year's annual constitution dinner.

doesn't it :00 p.m. eastern. -- 8:00 p.m. eastern. washingtonc-span's journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up wednesday morning, former republican national committee chair michael steele joins us to talk about the party and president trump. he is more than one month into his presidency. then, philip crowley, former assistant secretary of state for public affairs under president obama on the trump administration national security and foreign efforts. as well as white house plans to roll out new vetting guidelines. and usa today reporter alan gomez with new immigration guidelines as part of president trump's effort to increase immigration enforcement in the united states. be sure to watch c-span boston journal live at 7:00 a.m. eastern is a morning. join the discussion.