do we need to upgrade? we do. when he to do more and more electronic voting, which is what we have in kentucky. we do not have ballots. they are written on paper, but they are scanned electronically, and it is that electronic upgrade that needs to take place. daniel: one poll found your approval underwater. you announced you are running for reelection, with state senator ralph alvarado. how is this change point to help you? gov. bevin: let me address the first part of this. this is for those of you who do not follow kentucky politics. there has never been a poll ever taken since i have been a candidate for governor ever done by anyone, including people who want to be supportive, that has ever found me of the on anything more likely to win anything.

>> you can watch the rest on c-span.org. c-span is live at the national governors association meeting in washington, d.c. >> my colleagues and our visitors who are doing toterday, it is an honor chair the national governors association. we will have some new faces in the room. i recognize many of them are coming in. hereof the 22 governor's will be in attendance throughout the weekend. class of new governors than ever before, and i have no doubt that they will bring that same spirit of bipartisanship and camaraderie, a willingness to engage in discussions even if we do not necessarily agree on every issue with governors across the country.

governor holcombe and i have become strong partners with governors all across the nation to tackle issues faced in our state, and one of the issues that we know that almost every governor faces, how we're playing a constructive role in ensuring every american has a good job. we are in the midst of profound economic transformation, characterized by technological andsts, an aging workforce, decades of middle-class. obviously i have regular access to the governor's office as a kid, but it is because i delivered newspapers to it. i went from doing that tonight raising our three kids. four blocksmade it in life. i think about, as i was a kid

growing up, 90% of 30-year-olds are doing better than their parents at age 30. had anamericans, if they emergency debate and they needed $400, they would not necessarily have that opportunity to have that $400. from 1935 to 1960, the standard of living doubled. from 1960 to 1985, the standard of living doubled again. since then, it has laid flat. ultimately, we can look forward. i am optimistic. about halfway through my initiative of good jobs for all americans, we have been holding workshops with dozens of policy leaders that come from over half the states across the country. we have heard time and time make ahat we can transformation rather than have to educate --

i've worked with educators, workers, and others. we can ensure the future of work. education and workforce training. contrast that the 2019 requires in the public sector and private sector, we can create opportunities where seemingly no opportunities exist. if i have learned anything for this initiative, it is that there is a greater need for leadership from the governor's than ever before. americans know that these changes are already on our doorstep. when surveying 72% of working adults, they tell you they need more education and training. there is more of a lapse in education for adults than any other advanced country. we have heard loud and clear we need to equip today's workers with the skills.

we have identified the need for a lifelong system of learning in our country that meets people where they are, gives them the education that they need. nonetheless, we spent about $122 billion a year at the federal level when it comes to higher education and only $9.5 billion when it comes to workforce training. we have identified a pressing to hire forloyers skills and confidence, not just for greed. nd those who are investing in their employees for the long term. how many are struggling with these initiatives and how we can challenge them to do more. the world economic forum estimates as many as 1.4 million workers will be displaced by technology in the next decade. the cost of retraining those

workers for new jobs could be as much as $34 billion. the cost of not retraining them, , both inis higher social and in economic terms. the prospect for the good jobs and pathways for workers is we cannot do it alone. we arernors, well-positioned to bring employers, educators, and workers to build a new infrastructure for the jobs of the future. we have to figure out a way to ensure the business as incentivizing the best for the workers as they are in their equipment. finally, we have heard how the how ruralunities -- communities and states can power rural ecosystems. from 2005 to 2015, there were 100,000 businesses started and

created. our counties actually lost businesses in that time. only one-third gained. when no we have to do more in bridging that urban-rural divide. if one is falling behind, all of america is falling behind. we have the tools we need to expand upward mobility. look forward to working with all the governors in the coming months and all of you. we are putting together a short video with highlights of the current effort from jobs to date. [video clip] ♪

>> the pay, the pay makes a good job. of course salary, work environment, all the conditions, benefits, of course. >> you have to do something where you can express yourself unabashedly and something that will fit emotionally as well. >> a good job as something where you can make some good money at support your family. that is great. more importants to be happy where you are sitting for your 40 busy hours of the week rather than $250,000 a year. >> more for the community than for anything else. an is like if i am

environmental worker or a veterinarian. gov. bullock: this really brings together the different assets of state government to higher ed. we are giving enough skills, even for today's workforce. do we need to upscale or change the path or how we better apply the skills that you are pretty cap in order to recognize -- t order tolready have in recognize, that rural areas already have. if we leave one part of the country behind, the whole country goes down a little bit in that respect. >> we believe that the fundamental promise in america, the covenant that we have with each other, is fundamentally

broke right now. if you work hard, set high goals, provide for yourself and your family and your community. to go out and engage those employers and say how can we help you connect with education that is in your local area? >> when i talked to younger people, when i was their age, certain technologies and devices that are available now were not imagined, so making sure that they understand, that they are preparing for things that they really cannot imagine. >> the good jobs for all americans initiative is really tool kit.re or less a your are some of the best practices. the best governor's the best practices from other states.

we learn in a democracy the best take values forward. so we have assembled a great panel today to talk about the facets of creating good jobs for all americans. --nature a chris is anretary chris is entrepreneur. including secretary of commerce, where she led the workforce initiative of the. cochair of the council on foreign relations independent task force. she sold the work ahead, machine skills, and u.s. leaderships in the 21st century. we are so pleased you could join us today, secretary. >> thank you. next, certainly he isto introduction, but

an american settlement, has been president of the council on foreign relations since 2003. third, the director of department planning, secretary colin powell, had a long history of service. years, the last four deborah james valid has been america. through rural the national best-selling book on the project, our town, hundred thousand miles into the journey of the heart of america was put out in may. james is a longtime correspondent for "the atlantic" magazine, worked for two years in the white house and president jimmy carter's key speech writer. deborah is a writer and a extensively onng

families and work, china, traveling for the national geographic, the new york times, and washington monthly. richard, these give everyone a round of applause. secretary, i will open with you. the council of foreign relations task force, this is something that, when i read, i knew that we need to have an inkling to our overall flu. wayow we needed along the housing, can you give us a sense of that? >> sure. thank you for having us here today. governor, i think you made good jobs for americans, and what you are doing today is really

terrific. byknow we are affected artificial intelligence and artificia others. there is a project that we put ofether, really a menu toortunities to consider how implement in their state. fulcrum point of being able to change the opportunity steps for the people in that state. let me give you a couple of examples of some of the organizations. what you have done as a governor in your state of montana, what are the skills gaps? what does the community really need, and what are colleges or

universities and high schools offering in terms of training? that is really critical to beginning to set out what is the challenge, and there are companies that are good at invoking the book and the handout that is given to them. orther it is linked in burning glass, they are hoping, and they will give you the data and you have to start with the best possible data, but what are the jobs and what are the colleges and other training organizations offering? the second is recognizing that community colleges are your lettering point. are so vital to so many in our communities, particularly those on the lower end of the economic sector. and the organization can help align with what is

happening, what your businesses need. again, you ask governors are togethero can bring businesses for ngo's that provide mentorship. there are organizations, like theyays to prosperity, and are working with different governors. it is something that is both relevant but also adaptable and valuable to workers. most close for select organizations that i helped found when i was secretary of commerce, you want to go out and leverage your workforce. every governor is a salesperson your state.

you have to go out and say here, i have got this workforce investment, i have a supply chain that will help support you as a company in your endeavors. i would suggest one thing, and our report does, you want one person as a point person as governor as a quarterback on workforce come on education, and on economic development, because bringing all of those parts of your government together to work, to be aligned and coordinating is really tough. i would just say that our report has some really interesting ideas. menu, for is really a

example, of lifelong learning accounts, washington state, and pilots going on with their experimenting. and employer to set aside money for training, or connecticut, virginia, rhode island, kentucky all have a program where they are implementing. that is another option. then finally, there is a question of which you may be half a state audit in your retirement account, one of the options that you are not getting benefits from some of the jobs. anyway, the point of the report, and that is what we looked up for the summary, gives lots of options, and it is very much targeted to who is governor. tot is something that tends

be a useful tool for you and the staff. obviously you will learn from text other and put the con information on the back of it, something the council on foreign put and made available to you and your staff if you would like to learn more. gov. bullock: there are so many things in that report in the way that we'll need to do things. a, i mean, awith subcabinet, bringing in education, everybody, and other things like that. ms. pritzker: exactly. are not alwaysou the most optimistic human being, richard, but regarding the ongoing debate about automation, you provide an optimistic, unlikely the facemask, but you also give us a warning that technology can increase

productivity and quality of life. that the make sure changing world that millions of americans are not left behind? >> well, it is the right question, and it is the right issue. here are enormous -- the space here are enormous. we already see large amounts of populism. you ain't seen nothing yet. the amount of jobs will be great, and it will create a lot of jobs at the same time to the skilletween levels jobs require and the skill levels our workforce has. unless you close that gap, we

will have a massive social problem, and you would not believe the foreign-policy issues. i think will make this really i look ate more public policy, the most do with heroup we what i call slow-motion crisis. they happen gradually. toil it hit, they fail galvanize the resource allocations needed, but by the time they hit, most of the good options are gone. that will be true with climate. you name it. i think you also have to make the case for it, because it is not necessarily obvious to everybody in this society, but by the time it is obvious, it is too late.

it will have to be in three areas. one is education, which we will talk about, but a real venue of learning becomes life approaches and flexibility will be foundational. someone is 40 years old, he or she is out of a job, and we have to retrain them. not going to be easy. i still think it is essential. that's one of the things you can do, uniquely, as governors, to make it easier to move from state to state and do the same things without having to get re credentialed. it is absurd that people quick hairdressing talents cannot go work in other states. that is something within the

power of the state. that is not a washington thing, that is a nga thing. we can do that essentially for one another. the last thing, and i have heard the phrase already, the laboratories, the benefits basement, increasingly we will have to separate so much of our state for the time drop. we will have to assume that we have a society with people with 10 to 20 jobs in their career. some will be full-time, some will be part-time. we have to increase the mobility, and again, and innovation will happen at the state level much more than it will have nothing washington level. gov. bullock: thank you, richard. there was a lot there. 1950's 5% stated jobs. --

stayed in jobs. deborah james, you traveled all across the nation, not much in montana. deborah: not yet. gov. bullock: in the book, i said, "our town: 100,000 mile journey into the heart of america," what were some of the most orderly or intriguing stories of innovation you saw while on the ground. >> probably one or two. i have to say it is such an honor to be here. inple getting things done the country now, we're really glad to have the chance to talk with you. issue is the workforce

issue that you have heard on communities, the way smaller communities are able to revive their economies, that might have been over by technology, and there were themes that we saw. howto remember is skills-conscience americans are people from the south are from the south, people from montana or from montana. you put a hold of people who might have grown up someplace, worked in san francisco, but have a mind of going back there. found our thing we communities with the economic project, gary acute awareness of agricultural farm

technology, places where they knew that tourism was an option. a community bys community assessment that was important. to solve their problems in six months, but ultimately, they had a five-year or 10-year plan. this is true for the examples of the kinds of places we are talking about. place where they had beenng, but they have extremely innovative, having renewable energy. they have augmented their traditional leaf blowing business and are now providing all kinds of revenue to the town. in virginia, that have all the problems we are familiar with,

vermont, montana, colorado, wyoming, resort destinations, west virginia thinks it can, too. california, and agricultural area, not a small place, etc., etc., but agricultural technology. it is now in manufacturing and tourist destinations, too. we have examples of cities, regions, working with our governors. in ourk with the folks communities, we can match, tell them that we can create and half a growing area. our book pinpoints an example for much of the country. not yet montana. gov. bullock: we will be there. deborah: i would like to talk

about a town where we had 3000 people, and it is extremely remote, 80 miles from the nearest hospital. it was much of the 20 century coppermine, as the as the entire state building is tall. fell, in the town aarted going downhill, until few decades later when a group of citizens got together and said we need to save this town. is a mining town. nativeied from the reservation. the mexicans, then anglos.

dramatic braveheart turnaround for this town. it was based on a mandate they had. they turned around, and the idea was to turn it into a conference center and to make it a permanent revenue stream. unemployed all ages to do the kind of jobs into. electricians, carpenters, training,once the once the conference center was built, and they needed to continue to have jobs in that maintainrestore and the public buildings in that town. it is a rough place to grow food, the middle of a sonora desert.

clays,rainfall, various soil is not conducive to cross. hand, these people had been living there for centuries, and they knew how to grow crops, there, and they spread the suffered throughout the town. they turned that into the tourist industry, where people would go to the restaurants, and something lead toward anderyone loves the light, at the testing center, they provided something to instill this sense of how important it is in the community, and people

artists were,ere and they made the town a drawl. those things worked to turned town around. in the last few years, the hepatic conference center. part of the -- they have a conference center. part of the secret sauce is at the very beginning, they had to grantse system of filing , so for the national government to jumpstart this effort. james: one of the things we mentioned at the town one coming together were apprenticeships. we started 21 in health care alone through the last two years.

montana 85 in microbreweries. we had microbreweries in a town of 500. we could start an apprenticeship in microbreweries. one of the things in your book is you have a microbreweries in town. you have the mentality. why? what made you think of it? the one thing worth having is a microbreweries. gov. bullock: [laughs] james: so partly it is to have a certain kind of entrepreneurial class. president carter in the white house, one of his great an unprecedented achievements was

homebrewing. gov. bullock: is that where beer came from? secretary what jim and deborah pointed out

, regions and states are different. the question is businesses together with government leadership, one part of your state may be different. important, where is the authentic right to win? your universities, your , we have colleges .nique capabilities

where do we have authentic right to win? have you began to get from those , educationalories government, framing working together. it makes our economy really home. in chicago, we are trying to have enormous assets.

is how doe challenge you bring that from national labs. students come out of the chicago area. the do we do to accelerate status? challenge. that is the kind of initiative. >> we often see education, it really isn't working well. learning is hard.

getting additional education can be complicated. given that pace of technological they need learning and relearning. >> do not underestimate the power. image ofs have this education is something you , when you're 16, 18, 22. we have a tank of gas. we fill it up and drive down the highway.

there is zero chance that full tank of gas will see us through. fast,logy is changing too the economy. already, every doctor has to make him or her self-aware. top it off, you've got to top our intellectual tank. when you talk to the people in half, it's the other difficult for them to do that. why don't we have things like ?ndividual education tracks you can get that extra course

online. you've got to support my family while i do it. you get all sorts of tax credits for incorporating new technology. why is that any less significant? why do we think about how we expand? i think you as governors -- you can walk the walk. there can be training and learning opportunities. , they the things i like would go to the work, we know your job will not exist. you have been a really good

worker. let's work together on figuring out what kind of training you need so we can fade in another job. increasingly the mentality. >> community colleges have provided opportunity for people who have lost jobs. doinghould governors be to light a fire under education? passionatesome converts on this. there, you think of universities. communitythink that colleges helped us.

toy have the opportunity take skilled technical deals. ,he next generation of people factories are not there anymore. all the other things you know, this is the theme we have tried to push. make, there is a web of education. revolutions. this is what we have seen in south carolina. the community colleges , it's been

indispensable. we have new kinds of partnerships. colleges are effective. the fifth is about the connectedness. about, jim was talking columbus in mississippi. factory closed down. factory closed down. they had vision and land. they attracted $6 billion.

of trainable workers , this came with the community college. were losingents who , specifically to go into the new helicopter factory. the high-tech skill work. specifically?here the machine tools would be necessary. installed many shops. and everybody was going to end up with a job in those factories.

people could get those skills that would be transferable to other places. >> before i open it up for questions, with what at stake , what happens if we don't get it? our prosperity is the first thing. they underwrote this tax force. -- task force. have political chaos, our competitiveness. competitiveness is at stake. somethingeness is

that is broken down at the national level to the local level. state, the the specialties in your rural areas. what do these companies come to the united states. i want to serve that customer. they are not going to bring their factories. we won't be a leading company in the world. ,> if we don't get this right there will be an epidemic of chronic unemployment. the cost of that will be immense. the taxes we would lose, that

will be a direct link to the opioid crisis. there's a resource issue. i worry about social divisive this. -- divisiveness. you get into this question of what came before that. think it will take up a lot of bandwidth. we will wind up being more isolationist if we don't get this right. we won't have the resources to be a large force in the world. home and to focus at take care of it. it will affect the fate of the american people.

lastly, one of the most powerful parts of american foreign-policy is the example we set. thatnt to be a place people want to emulate. right, why wet it think we will be able to preach to others to adopt these policies? they will fall on deaf ears. i will be a realist here. our influence is not rising. prediction they have not figured it out.

they have date a lot into their cake that will be very difficult. particularly at the federal level. things back.ushes this is the level of governance. theou become part of foreign-policy. the reason we did this study, it's too important to be left to the diplomats. it begins at home. the base of resources, the example we set. it's the biggest single threat to all of that.

prolonged unemployment in our country, the repercussions of that. >> there's an interesting analogy here. ago, we adjusted to that. the 1930's were about adjustment. 1970's and 80's were much better. it was a more productive adjustment. this is better for families and communities. >> one more log on the fire is

training. there is a high skilled education high school in california. find teachers who can train. in the specifics they are teaching these kids. >> i am not a state, i am his territory. i just want to hear how you feel moves forward.y

guam, we have an increased military buildup. we have a boom in construction. we don't have the base. the united states immigration has denied our petitions. they made the announcement that facilities for workers. we brought 3000 workers. that? you deal with you with thelp resources.

this is an obstacle to moving forward. certain types of visas will be part of comprehensive immigration. we tried to connect a conversation this morning. it is far more difficult. scale extent we have full it's difficult to get immigration reform through. have is ifance you we have a society that is suffering large-scale unemployment. people will say how can we talk about opening up if we have

millions of americans who are not employed? we have jobs now we can't fill. >> i'm going to put a plug in here, we are shutting ourselves in the foot right now. technologyy in the area. because of our immigration we not letting in the high skilled worker. canada, you see setting upmpanies technology centers in vancouver

and toronto. i would submit for illinois or michigan. companies iking for would suggest you talking about those tech jobs. they have a positive impact. thoughtful approach. >> other questions? is directed to the comment that james and deborah made.

with facultyal that are not your traditional faculty? necessarily with for your teaching degrees. overcome that issue? most recently in san , the main limiting , they have have now seven career academies. they need a professional equipped educator to go in there.

immigration is out of your hands. you are making it part of the bully pulpit. when you make this a priority,. illustration of this, in rate wasir graduation like. in 2018, 90 8%. i would look at places like wichita.

you have to laws so change state regulation. you are proficient to be a lecturer. these are categories, they scientists. you have to work with your community college.

what prevents them from bringing in that qualified trainer? >> go ahead. >> i'm not an expert. i keep hearing success stories. from teacher credentialing to they wereretraining, truly up-to-date. that is something you could bring it to it. we try to avoid that. >> they don't have a center for best practices.

the -- we both want to draw from experts. >> i think we have time for one last question. >> thank you for the panel. mentioned, states are making allowances and adjustments. it looks like there has been a constant state of disruption. mentioned urbanized areas, education and training is still a key issue. this is like the chapter of the

same book. today asifferent about opposed to 100 years ago? there is a constant disruption in the marketplace. why is the urgency different today? i may have complementary views on this. i think there are some important differences. think this one is happening faster. it's not limited to any particular sector. blue-collar, i that are skill levels

coming on our higher skills. the training and educational differential is significant. something is different. following thesks this is but the latest chapter of a challenge. my prediction is your not. we have not assumed this. we don't have that luxury. difficult.ative more we ought to think about what it will take. jobs, if theying , if industrial

tasks are taken over by robots. there could be taken over by ai, what legal assistance do. >> my view is closer to yours. richard.ith the speed is unusual. the g.i. bill, the way you could make life better or worse. >> there is one other thing that is qualitative. this is not simply an american

phenomenon. 20% of the world economy. we could be replaced by china and elsewhere. broader rolea much in competition. >> i would just say the this, the basic fundamental jobs, we are talking about the jobs, the kind taught in our great schools and high schools. i don't want to do that. it's too late for an individual.

i think we have to rethink our entire education system. >> we have to understand, it is a global marketplace. states arei think apt to meet the pressures. in utah, we have more people going to college. particularly aspiring tech technical education.

of them are getting close to high school education. we have to make sure there's an environment with what is being taught -- an alignment with the future. and realize that the marketplace is changing and moving and dynamic and we need to run to keep up. on those pressures you are talking about, it is happening. we have to reflect that immense of education because of that is the key. if you have the skills, other jobs will be created because of the disruption in jobs. we need to understand that and be in alignment. >> to each of you, thank you for both of your thought-provoking reactions, but also the good work we are doing to make sure there are good jobs for all americans. please thank -the panel.

[applause] announcer: the national governors association offered services to governors, cabinet secretary's and their staff. it is really important to know, that we do need to meet together, the national governors association is so much more. [laughter] > what the governors association does>, the politics are over, now let us work on running our states and the improvement of the citizens that we serve. i tell governors, we may not know the answer. but we can tell diplomat away if we do know the answer. the group is pretty small. nga is for of the governors to get together and share their practices, build ideas.

that is unrivaled, there is no other area to do that. the beautiful thing is that stands out. >> i think we are all in here to try to get our initiatives going me it doesn't matter to whether you are republican or democrat. >> i am a pragmatist. i love that. it's just learning the issues and coming up with best practices. >> it is like a think tank. being able to call another governor is gold. without of nga, i wouldn't have anywhere the relationship i have with other governors that i do today. >> my fellow governor has turned me on to someone who might the really able to help, and that

connection would have never been a part of the't nga. >> for the staff to share best you deal with did this problem or that issue, it is a bit part that people don't think about. ♪ >> it is a nation of explorers. >> one of the things that nga does very well as bring people together who are governors but also people in the private sector. >> the difference between the nga is that the governor's staff, they go very deep on policy issues and in some ways, they are the closest you can get to governor. sometimes staff is better than the governor themselves. company like microsoft, we really care about public policy

positions that don't involve us selling to the government. >> sometimes i sit in a meeting with five or six people lined up i think, wow, if we had to do that ourselves, the amount of hundreds of hours just trying to build those relations would have been prohibitive. the national governors association allows for the private sector to really interact. >> that is what a block chain is,. we all have a copy of the budget. >> to be able to share types of activities, projects, programs and services that the private sector can offer to the states. >> we have been very fortunate. for example, the president of ghana, prime ministers from places like australia and canada, to meet them.

the governors learn from those countries but they also develop relationships. >> there are a lot of countries out there that want to do business with the u.s. but they don't know how to do it. so we want to create a , withnghouse with the nga governments from other places, create a trade commission where they can come to the nga and interact. >> it is an opportunity to get access to important people that may help you to do more business and create more jobs in your state. >> it is offering for governors continued education all the time , or you can learn from your classmates, from your professors, and be a better governor. ♪ >> wow. all right. them a round of

applause, the people who worked on that. it is a lot of work. my name is van jones. you may see me on cnn sometimes. i am also ceo of an organization called "the reform alliance." .e work on criminal justice i am happy to be here representing the organization. we will have a discussion about fivesue that probably years ago would not have been considered an important issue, but has become one of the most important issues on a bipartisan basis, criminal justice. as governors, you have a tremendous opportunity to make a difference. because 90% of those who are locked up are locked up in state and local level. 95% of them are coming home. the decisions made by governors

will have a massive impact on whether they come home better or bitter, or whether they fail or are successful. we wanted to have a conversation with some of the leaders in this space. governor brian from mississippi -- we still think of mississippi were a lot of reform in this would be happening under your leadership. we also have governor wealth of pennsylvania, who is leading an effort in his state. a lot of states really lifted up some of these issues. also, mark holden is here. we have been doing this for direct thing together for a couple of things. so, welcome to the panel. we will have a lot of great discussions.

why don't we start with you, actually, governor wealth? mill got taken back to prison for a minor , doingme infraction something on probation, and now you have become an outspoken campaigner on that issue. why did you take this issue on criminal justice reform? >> it is an important issue. the reason for that is, i think itple recognize that basically at bunds folks from our society, for a lifetime, simply because they had made a mistake early on. meek mill was confined to 14 years for a probation infraction

for popping a willie, the kind of thing that is just wrong. it is also not very smart. we exclude those folks from our goodmy, from them again jobs in our businesses, paying taxes, helping our revenue. it also causes a lot of money to -- it costs a lot of money to incarcerate them. it has saved us a lot of money and one finala, thing, i have been in politics for four years. , hoursst business people in business before that, i automatically excluded anybody who had any brush with the law on their background check. anybody who had a record, you were out. didn't even get an interview. we decided maybe six or seven years ago to say, let us give a second chance here.

this was during the recession. we didn't have to do that, we had plenty of people applying for jobs. but they made better employees. >> why do you think that is? >> they were trying to prove. interview everybody and you make your best judgment. but this group is a selective group. we found that we actually did better with them than we did with the random -- giving them -- holding them to very high standards. so this is the right thing to do, but it is also the smart ring to do from a fiscal point of view -- smart thing to do from a fiscal point of view. >> a lot of people talk about the first step act, which i was glad to play a role in, along with a bunch of others.

we had a secret weapon in convincing donald trump to support the policy, and that secret weapon is sitting to my left. [laughter] aboutu talk a little bit how you convinced him? your legislature, your community, and the president of the united states my that now was the time? >> i think being a former law enforcement officer, i am a republican, conservative, former law-enforcement officer, raised a baptist, married a baptist girl. when people come up to governors and they say, he have to be strong on crime, -- i have thrown a lot of people in jail. and i found out doing that, they have families.

they have mothers, children. there is a world that they live in the sometimes we don't comprehend. say, we willto have a meeting at criminal justice reform. i said to the president, that is just my thing. wayybody said, there is no he will have criminal justice reform in mississippi in 2014. we had counseling sessions, we had prayer. they said, governor, can't vote for this. i will just get killed over it in my county. but there are people in jail who just made stupid mistakes. there are people who do need to be in jail. but then there are people who we are just mad at. maybe they are doing drugs, they get into the cycle of addiction, we are mad at them.

but do they do to be in jail for 20 years? no. i remember we had governor perry there, a very small group of people there in a room. the president came in and said come another you have me here, i really don't want to do this. we have a very entertaining opportunity here and i will turn this over to fail. phil. [laughter] and that is how it got started. for the next hour, the president listened. he has a big heart. i know he has a big heart. after the meeting i talked to him and said, you are the only president who can do this. president obama couldn't have done it, people would have screamed and hollered, oh, you will turn all the sheep to our communities. there they go again with the

crime. but when donald trump did it, along with the team at the koch , others and others governors across the country, people said, whom. hmm, maybe i need to stop shouting and listen a little bit. it was just remarkable. jared kushner also, never giving up. it was one of the most important things to ever do. now, fornother bill professional licensure and for people coming out to be able to get a drivers license, so they are not excluded. they have to have equal opportunity to apply for that

license and maintain that record. a lot of those in prison today -- >> it is a big deal. a really big deal. [applause] >> a lot of those in prison today served in the u.s. military. they want to serve our country, and will not turn our back on them. [applause] there is something about this thee that is bring it up best in both political parties, and all the races, something about realizing that we are not who we say we are when we say that liberty and justice are for all. we believe in limited government, individual respect

and liberty, democrats believe in justice, but the justice part, liberty and justice for is there, but disrespect is given through too much incarceration? you have been a voice, calling attention to this among libertarians. anything else you would like to talk about? >> thank you for having me here, today. this is an issue that we have been focused on at koch brothers for a long time. we have been very much focused on barriers for people who are kept from being able to succeed, whether it is education, or as the governor mentioned, occupational licensing. at the end of the day, in my opinion, the criminal justice removal ofhe biggest

opportunity for millions of americans. we see a lot of failed government programs out there. theinal justice to us is biggest failed government program out there. it is fundamentally unjust. we look at it as a situation where we went criminal justice, and there are people, as the governor said, who need to be in prison. but everybody is coming out. the whole idea, we need to deal of public safety. and that we have a system based on equal rights and equal justice. and we also need a redemption system that provides a second chance. from the constitutional perspective, it is amazing how much is in the bill of rights about criminal justice reform. 40% deals with that.

immediately,got it when they said, it should be accessible. it is company based on resources. we haven't been doing that for the last 40 or 50 years, unfortunately, we got derailed by the war on drugs, which was a big issue, but we did not fight it the right way. it was a war on an inanimate object. when you are talking about people, and clearly some of the people involved needed to be incarcerated. but i -- a lot of the people caught up in the system were sick, four, or having sick,l health issues -- 6 poor, or having mental health issues. there are a lot of governors doing something now, the thernor of louisiana, governor of north dakota, many others here.

the reality is that it started in texas. texas has shown that being smart on crime, not tough on crime, that is the way to go. we are able like they have come to be able to reduce crime rates that they haven't seen this low, since the 1960's. closing down prisons saves billions of dollars. many governors are getting engaged in this now because it is good stuff. the salvation.y, that is a good stuff. >> amen, brother. >> when you say that they come in, they come in on the fiscal question, but they stay for the salvation. what do you mean. governors -- you have governors who are conservative, and he talks about

saving these individuals who come to prison who are just lost unbroken. and they come out better because of the education programs. because they are getting cognitive therapy, they are getting healing for problems that a lot of these people in the system suffer from. there are people who need to be there, i'm not saying otherwise, but the overwhelming part come from really tough backgrounds. dealing with all the trauma, dealing with all of that, what the governor has seen, there is a way to make this all work. put people in who need to become better. reform, we will have education reform, and divisional programs. people get better while in prison. in some places, there are incentives to where, if you do the right thing, you can get out earlier.

and on the other side of it, slowing down people coming in with common sense sentencing reform. and other diversion programs. those who are going in, coming out better and not returning. that is the whole idea. . other states have been able to do it. , and we are at all-time high rates of safety in this country. we can deal with these issues better. the first step act is a first step, but it is a huge first level. the federal we have never done anything before at the federal system to make this less in punitive and give people chances like this. it is a big deal, and we are very excited about it. but there is more to come. the most important thing that , and we will be on top of that. the last thing -- when

governor wolf was talking about, we have hired people with criminal records of the koch brothers, who have been working for us upwards of 20 years. it is the right thing, and it makes a lot of business sense. one in three people in this country have some type of criminal record. if you will have to look at the boxing application and say that you will judge them by that one paper that says he has a criminal record and threw it in the trash can, it doesn't make sense. you are reducing your applicant pool by one-third. so we are giving people a chance to explain their situation. we have a lot of people who need a second chance, who are hungry and humble, like the governor said. it is some places, they are our favorite employees. in this day and age, you need to do your diligence whenever you hire. we have hired people who had the best credentials and then they screw up, they steal stuff. . than we have people with criminal records who are so hungry and just want to do the

right thing. win-win.e see it as a good for the employer, good for the individual, and good for the society. because you have someone who is coming back in who will not be a threat to the society. they become a taxpayer, and they make communities safer. >> you mentioned the business bank. part of the thing i have observed -- one of of the things i saw on a tv show called crossfire with a guy named newt gingrich. he did not agree on almost thising, but we agreed on issue. we began working together. it was kind of a growing almost secret society, sorority and fraternity of people who are very strong partisans. this is a bipartisanship of the who felt that our values in both parties were not being respected by what was happening.

i seems to me that some people focus on citizen reform -- sentencing reform for people going in, some people think of prison reform, making prisons better. other people focus on reentry, the people with a second chance home. back but it doesn't matter where you start, at some point, he will want to see more done throughout the system. you are uniquely positioned, think, to lead on this reentry effort as a business leader. as someone who talks about probation and parole. can you talk about two things -- one is, i think most people don't know how broken the probation and parole system has become. 6 million people under the control of the justice system, on 2 million are locked up. for million are caught up in this probation and parole system. you can go back to prison for

being 15 minutes right for a meeting with your parole officer. you can lose your job, your house, everything. not survive on probation or parole. i was 15 minutes late today. this going to get fixed in your state? and, what kind of governors do to help businesses make better choices like you decided to make as a business leader on reentry? >> i don't know how many questions as our. [laughter] in the probation and parole area, first of all, everything in criminal justice reform is about getting people back to work. it is a jobs deal. we look at incarceration, sentencing, bail reform, before sentencing. we work on sealing records, so

that when you go to apply for a job -- one of the key things that we have seen with meek mi lll and others is the issue of putting a cap on probation. do a lot of things to make sure that time in preparation actually contributes to the restorative portion of criminal justice. three to five years seems to be where most states are capping it. pennsylvania is a state without any cap so if a judge who l, couldlike meek mil end up in jail for 14 years for popping a willie. thatam not even sure why would matter in any case, but it is certain that this helped meek mill, who is ready and able to

make them great contribution to our society. family, helps your community, helps your economy. all those things are sorted by having a bad -- all those things thwarted by having a bad criminal justice system i am sure you all have questions. >>. help me understand your passion for this. you have really been one of the few people to make such a change, right from business to being in charge of the state. incredibly pragmatic and reflective. is is this so key for you the issue. and what would you say to people taking on this challenge? >> this is the holy grail of politics. it can bring the extreme right

together.treme left it is not only fair, it is smart, and it gets people back into the economy. it reduces the prison population. that is expensive. over $40,000 per person in pennsylvania. we have reduced it by $4500. and we are still working. our crime rates are down. we are closing prisons. we can do things that take money from that, which is not a good investment, to thinks like schools, roads, bridges, things that make life better. at a think anybody could take a look at this and say, i like the outcome here -- i don't think anybody from the right or left could look at this and say, i don't like the outcome here. it is something that brings us all together. that the public safety

question has been expressed, we have 36 states that have seen a reduction in their prison population and in the crime rate at the same time. yourself.re not by i know that there are questions. it is an opportunity for you to ask them. we have a very strong pragmatic group of democrats, conservatives here, we have a red-blue state, we have a red, red, red state. [laughter] prisoneduced our population and saved 46 billion dollars. imagine bringing into your economy $46 billion that you have. the next bill in mississippi will be to ensure that they invest that in a reentry program.

legislature. nothing better than being able --save money on education spending money on education and other issues. putting that money back into the general fund. we have to get reentry programs, get people back into the workforce. openings in0 job mississippi. we used to have people looking for jobs, no jobs are looking for people. a lot of them will get out and they will be able to apply for jobs. that.ave to be able to do we were talking earlier about how this only works about 30% of the time. about 35% to 50% will commit another crime in five years. any other government entity that would come in, and say governments, giving more money, i am productive 30% of the time. give me an example. we would say get out of here!

that is what we do. reduction of prison population saved $46 billion. what is not to like? is going to happen, there will be some people who do we commit crimes. trotted out ine the media and people will say, this is a guy who got out and did this because of the criminal justice reform. but you have to own it. it breaks my heart that that happens. but if you think of all the thousands who are out working, moms who are back in their homes with their families. go and talk to them. happens, suck it up and keep moving. as i told the president, at the and of the day, it is the right thing to do. it is just the right thing to

do. [applause] >> while said. d. well sai likely say, nobody gets in trouble when we hold them for 20 years and they get out of prison and they are traumatized. we say it is on them. >> every ad fines. after you get out of prison, you have a $10,000 fine. how is are going to work when he have been out of prison for the last four or five years. we did away with what we call the debtor's prison in mississippi. >> we appreciate that. [applause] >> i am curious what you are doing and other states in terms youth often does -- offenders. the future go in with this particular program?

i am curious what you are finding throughout the states regarding youthful offenders. >> i think, justice reform knows no age or boundary. , they'lle areas reform. you can go to jail -- one of the areas is bail reform. jail if you are arrested and given $50 bail and you don't pay it. you are put in jail until a trial comes up, and in places, that could take months. even if you haven't done anything, and you're in jail simply because you cannot come up with $50. i think there are a lot of things we can do to make the system better so that the young person, whether you are middle-aged, and old person, you will not be trapped in any way by a system that should be trying to get you back on your

feet, other than hold you and warehouse you. >> we also have mental issues. you have to get them to the mental health center summer. get them a mental health professional somewhere. if you have a 50-year-old committing crimes, there is something going on his life -- 15-year-old committing crimes, there is something going on in his life. some children don't do that because they have wonderful homes. they get up sunday morning and go to church. in some children don't. we are working really hard -- immediately, i went to the mental health groups and i said, you have to help. these children are just lost. we created more mental health services. at inter agency that does nothing but worry about children every day. i have a supreme court justice

who left the supreme court to lead the agency. we have made it a lot easier for people to go to hospital. can intoanceling as it their lives, -- as much counseling as we can into their lives, that is the only way we will help them. >> we were able to use data to penalties for drugs, especially because we saw its impact on african-american and latino man. i would like to hear from the panel what experiences you have tackling the issue from a race-based perspective. we know that impacts for men and women of color are devastating. i would like to hear your .houghts

>> i think decriminalization, is important. lookeyond that, a broader at mandatory minimum sentences. the republican senator who supported bedroom connie and mandatory minimum -- the republican senator who supported draconian the minimum senators has now moved back from that. we have to move back from the stuff we were doing 20 years ago in this country, not just from things i can marry one a, but to criminalize a lot of activities that really should not have been criminalized in the first place -- from things like marijuana, but also a lot of activities that should not have been criminalized in the first place. >> i appreciate the fact that is responding to this

after the states. >> it took them a little while. [applause] are reallyes engaged. it doesn't matter whether you are a red state, lou state or purple state, the states are leading the way. we should have forms, particularly those in the media, who say, look at the states, they are the ones finding solutions to the problems in the country. they are probably the best hope for this country. and we are not as dysfunctional as we are in washington dc. it is unfortunate. the states have done a good job, and i know the criminal justice reform -- we passed our bill for years ago. before the, we had mental health courts, drug courts.

we have done a lot of things to try to treat and rehabilitate people. , what are yous doing respectively as governors to reduce recidivism? the prison system, even if it is far short time, how do we help people reform and transformed back into civilian life and not have this revolving door of recidivism which we see so much in criminal justice? >> first of all, we have to get them clean and sober. >people who don't know set of look surprised. they get drugs in prison. so you have to get them clean and sober. that is the first thing. and then, reentry programs. they way we had prisons designed for the longest time, it was a miracle anybody made it.

we did everything in the world to keep you from getting back out and finding a job, being able to work with your family and staying out of trouble. we would not let you have a drivers license. in mississippi, we wouldn't even let you go hunting. you couldn't get a job, if there was a box there -- have you ever been convicted? yes, -- no, thank you very much. what else could we do to mature the guy coming out never gets back? 98% of the women in prison, drug-related. one of the things the governor said -- the opioids. when we started putting people's neighbors and sons and cousins in jail for opioids. now, it is not the guy in the alley, it is the guy next door. so they said, ok, our guys are

getting arrested. we need to do something about this. sure in prisonke -- also, sexual assault was so prevalent. imagine the horrors of that. making sure that you make prisons a safer place, a drug-free place, and a place that prisons can learn. get ged's. learn how to weld. i have admits right now who are learning welding. and there are companies saying that they will -- i have inmates right now who are learning how to weld. they do a heck of a job. there are companies who are willing to employ them. they get out of there sentence, and that are making $50,000 a year. does he want to go back to prison? no way. >> a few things you can do, one -- we used to determine if

people because they would come into the prison system, we would have health care. they could get back on medicaid as soon as they came out. if you don't do that, and have inmates, theye will be a candidate for coming back to prison. i.d.s, if they don't have , those are things that you can do to help recidivism. let's take these last few questions from the governor and we will answer them both at one time. go ahead. >> thank you for the great discussion. our previous panel was about workforce development. it seems like these two

conversations need to match together. in puerto rico, we have a concept of prisons as education systems. think of a first pipeline you have laid out, less people coming in, better people coming out. thing that i'm seeing in puerto rico, how do you connect people once they get out of prison, to the business system? some of the things you have on the drawing board, i want your thoughts on the matter, about how we give or take away incentives to businesses for involved.ople if we are having this broader conversation about education and workforce development at different levels, why would prisons be perfect for a very thesereeding ground for

mentorship programs start and have a binding commitment once they go out into society, to continue? , having points are prisons as a school system. how to actually make that link. we want this to be a cultural change, but they will have to be a runway, that will force a bit of interaction. lastly, they should not be a this should be part of the discussion with workforce development. >> there are so many states doing this now. to take one out of context, but michigan in my opinion is the gold standard. thatead of corrections -- governor is not here, but they are doing great work.

education is run by a college and they get educated. people who gotat prison education programs in prison are less likely to recommit. and it saves money in costs.ration they have individuals coming out as mechanics, electricians, you name it, and they are getting jobs, and they are not getting back to prison because of the workforce. that is something every state i think should try to do. michigan experience, they provide scholarships to people in prison, their children get scholarships. they want to get to the college free of charge, as a way to break the cycle. >> i will not let you get away, governor reynolds, from iowa, without saying something. >> i love the conversation that is taking place.

we for the last three years have been offering apprenticeship programs in every single institution in iowa. 24 different apprenticeship programs. we have had 152 people that have completed. we are holding job fairs within the institutions before they get out so that we can start getting them right into a job, getting them their driver's license before they leave, we are working on getting that. we are trying to eliminate all those barriers. one of the states that are participating such as us is offering pell grant to those in our institutions. we have 420 inmates participating in that and they of earning an average a 3.5 -- average gpa of 3.5. so, it is great what is going on, and it is working. >> let me just say one thing.

there are a lot of things we can do as a prison system. to courage employers to employ. tell them that there is a really good pool of future employees. >> louisiana for decades had the nations highest incarceration rate. in 2017, we passed a number of bills modeled after michigan and texas and so forth. we have already shed the prison population quite a bit. a good thing for louisiana. the crime rate is down as a result. the recidivism rate is down. what we suggest to the others is that it requires us to know what the baseline spending is. some of the savings have to go back into the criminal justice system reform movement.

the whole act was called the criminal justice reinvestment act. all of it goes into reentry. because 95% of the people in prison will get out. if you don't have a real entry program for that, you create at least one new victim of crime. i was a bipartisan part of that meeting, it was a tremendous experience for me to be able to see folks coming together. that is how it should work around the country and in our states. >> i agree with you. we are running out of time. , just wanted to say in closing i am on the left side of pluto. you cannot get more progressive than i am. to be considered progressive in california, you have to be working hard to be considered progressive [laughter] it changed my life.

i have gone friendships i would never have had. my dear colleague, jesse jackson, was with me in the trump white house this week, celebrating black history month. president trump stopped his speech in the middle and reached out to an african-american woman who was one of the first women let out from first step and give her the microphone. she spoke from her hard and maga were people with red has cheering and crying for this african-american woman who finally got a chance to come home. so we finally got together and did something. i am telling you, a change my life. mr.ways have to give jackson credit, she was the one who led our effort. [applause] that there is something about this that is

bringing people together, the american people in both parties. both parties will be greater for taking on this challenge. thank you so much for this panel. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen. we will not take a 10 minute break. 10 minutes. [chatter]

announcer: c-span is live at the national governors association meeting in washington, d.c.. the governors are taking a 10 minute break before their next panel, when they will hear from j.p. morgan chase ceo jamie dimon. he will be discussing public policy and the economy. during the break, a previous discussion. >> we have assembled a great panel today to talk about the process of creating good jobs for all americans. he is on entrepreneur, civic leader and philanthropist with a wide array of public and private experience including being secretary of commerce, where she led the first of many workforce initiatives. she was cochair of the council on foreign relations independent task force which recently issued

-- a plan for u.s. leadership in the 21st century. and you for joining us today. >> thank you, governor. >> my next guest needs no introduction. he is an american diplomat, academic who has been president of the council of foreign relations. he served as director of policy planning for the u.s. department of state and has a long history of service in our nation's diplomatic corps. when this guest has been traveling through rural america and reporting. their national best-selling book on the project, our account of a 100,000 mile journey throughout america, was published in may. james is a longtime correspondent for the "atlantic" the nationalwon

book award, work for a few years in the white house come and was the founding chairman of "new america." a writer and linguist who has written extensively on the language, education, and also writes for "the atlantic," "national geographic," "slate and other magazines. please give them a round of applause. [applause] >> secretary fitzgerald, as cochair of the council of foreign relations task force, something that when i read, i knew that we had to heavy speaking to our group. i know that you and your team came up with serious recommendations on how we can better link workforce education. -- link of the workforce in education.

these talk about that. >> first of all, thank you for having me. good jobs is a central piece of what you're doing at the nga, and that is terrific. in our that people committee are being affected by the forces of innovation, automation, artificial intelligence and globalization. also, the nature of the workforce is changing. deck we haveide put together for you governors, and the report is really a menu of opportunity for you to figure out how to implement it in your state. changeble to actually the opportunities for your people in your state. let me give you a couple of examples of some of the recommendations. first is to begin with a review in your state.

thatare the skills gaps exist? what is the difference between what your business community colleged your community , your university, what are they offering in terms of training? that gap analysis is really critical to beginning to set out the plan to address the challenge. there are companies in the book and the handout that we have andn you, where you can go they can help you do that at assessment, whether it is linked , theyrning glass, emsi will help your state do the assessment and they will give data.e you have to start with the best possible data about what your job needs are, and what your community colleges and other training organizations are offering. second is recognizing that comity colleges are your leverage point. these institutions are so vital

to many in our communities, particularly those at the lower end of the economic spectrum as well as those who are midcareer and need retraining. there are organizations that can help you align what is going on in your community colleges with what is happening, what your businesses need. again, you as governors are the people who can bring together your educational institutions, your businesses, your ngo's, to provide mentorship and address these issues. there are organizations like pathway to prosperity, which i think is out here. they have a kiosk here. or, skillful, who are working with different governors to make sure your credentialing system is something that is both relevant but also valuable to the workers. then, there's -- and i will put in a shameless plug for select u.s. a, an organization that

helped found when i was secretary of commerce -- you want to go out and leverage your workforce investment to bring in new employers. every governor is a salesperson, out selling your state. usa is helping is investment.foreign but you have to go out and say, here. a half workforce investment, have the supply chain that can help support you as a company in your endeavors. i would suggest one thing is, and i will report this, you want a point person in your organization as governor, a quarterback in your administration on workforce, and on education, and on economic development bringing all those disparate parts of your government together to work and be aligned and coordinate. tough.n be

for another, i would say, our report throws out some really interesting ideas that are being tried by different states. as i said, the report is really a menu of options. washington state has a pilot going on where they are experimenting with tax advantage accounts where both an employee and an employer can set aside money for training. or connecticut, georgia, virginia, rhode island, kentucky, mississippi, they all have a program where there are providing worker training tax credits. that is another option available you. finally, there is a question of, we do have stage run, automatic and individual retirement accounts? because one of the problems if people are not getting benefits from some of their jobs, particularly in the gig economy. -- point of the report is

that was a staff summary -- is that there are lots of options. very much targeted to u.s. governors, and something that is meant to be a useful tool for you and your staff. have put ourwe contact information in the back of it so that the resources council of foreign relations made to develop this menu can be made available to you or your staff, or whoever would like to more. >> there are so many things in that report about our transformational in the way we need to begin to think. like starting a future ready workforce for montana, just dealing with a cabinet. a subcabinet, for education. bringing in everybody to take a peek at where we can go. other things like that, we need them. >> exactly. >> you are not always the most optimistic human being, it seems, richard.

but with regard to the ongoing debate about automation, you do provide on one hand what i say is an optimistic view that we are unlikely to face mass unemployment, but he give us a warning that while technology will increase productivity and polity of life, they on the work if all games are distributed. how do we make sure that gains are- distributed. how do we make sure all nobodyns are lifted and left behind? >> he ought to be commended for that report. -- >> good morning, everyone. thank you all for being here.

i think everybody would love to and how theerall industry and workers are rapidly

changing technology and globalization. the short-term is we have grown and why it has been so slow is in short supply consumer costs -- confidence has wide-open,kets are the fact is they are chugging along.

this is the most prosperous economy the world has ever seen. people are focusing on the short run. food and energy we need. we have wonderful neighbors in canada and mexico. that with thisre untraveled road we don't have and facilities to band south korea and north korea they don't have our universities, there's a huge amount of corruption. what we are not doing to make it

better for average americans. we are doing it to ourselves. it's none of that. we put man on the moon in eight years. and we want to build a bridge? the pitfalls we put in front of , our schools are --. among those kids it might be , and a lot of kids do actually like school.

it could be crippling. is lower thanlize it has ever been in a major american recovery. it's people slowing things down. the complain about the -- tax, benefits state and local taxes. me i have to to interest,ing address,

this is old washington. i can lane businesses, some of you are done. we can help a lot more people. >> that is a lot to respond to. how do we make sure that people get skills that are required to get a good job? we have worked together on the new skills for youth programs 10 internship programs,

years, 20 years in a changing economy. how do you think about meeting that challenge? , direct training you are trained in new technology, new devices. issue is you go unemploymentrld -- 3%. like

we have to go help train the people. when they get out they had jobs, $35,000. we know it works. if we can disseminate the best ideas, but it has to be local. , what have you. businesses should say i'm going to out train them, you hire them. they can go to college afterwards. we know it works.

most of the kids are minorities from poor neighborhoods. we know what to do. >> you have many of the governors here up assist morning -- here this morning. economy,--grow the job, it'sget that hospitals, schools, business has to play a much more

-- do everything together. americans, 15% make minimum wage. we have to get more income for these kids. they have a health care event they cannot afford it. i would expand the earned income tax credit. point, i think you have done a good job at

suggesting --. if we all try to partner with training,nvest in job >> some of this is just crippling. advocacy,y and diversity, and innovation long-term. if you can afford to do that, great. in the meantime, some of the people at j.p. morgan --

sayingng out of detroit, wean't get this fund -- , thend this in detroit south bronx. these programs do work. you guys have both done exceptional at the local level. are big teen -- between ,errymandering politics .nfrastructure, regulation most people want to participate.

when we were together it does work. hundred and 40 million work for business. they treat them so badly -- they just can't afford it. >> small business and evidenceeurship, suggests it's more difficult to start and maintain -- what are the biggest issues facing and what do you think they need to succeed,

would you talk a little bit about some of the work you have regarding entrepreneurship, and your entrepreneurs of color. our market in maryland in d.c.. >> 20 million businesses in we need these very as companies. we survey large and small businesses, but they will tell that it's licensing and regulations at the state and local level, three different jurisdictions and the training

is six months. people can't afford to move and take a job. i know a lot of the governors -- they say it's stifling to democracy. we hurt entrepreneurship -- and our health care sir -- health care system. hospitals, emergency rooms, but we have rooms that are under use and overuse.

lower paid individuals they we have tod -- reduce deductibles on most due , crippling programs bills they get in a month. it's a little bit access to we are under a lot of pressure from regulators. programs, the entrepreneur program can obtain financing. we don't get the same returns but it does work. we seek it out, in baltimore and

in other places. how can we do something way of not done before? i think businesses should be trying to do that. let's open it up to our fellow governors. any questions or input? alicia. grand central sci-fi. -- says hi. we hear the economy is doing , the accusation i hear is that the rich are getting richer. and the poor are getting poorer.

the middle class does most of the tax burden. lower hey folks do not earn a living wage anymore. that's why i like the earned income tax credit. i want a growth agenda. rose, -- roads. it's a better outcome for , the left aside denigrates certain jobs.

they denigrate the starting job. most of these people that run these laces now started that way. you have less crime, less corruption. i think we have to acknowledge it. i think democrats should acknowledge that a lot of things government does do not work. if you take more money at the state or federal level, the it is nott somehow

being properly used[in audible] if you are taxed more, it's unavoidable. as opposed to more taxation. i think we all agree work in order to get a , not a four year

degree or college but it's something. what do we say to people who want a good paying job. how do we deal with that? that technology is -- my grandparents now my wife has 100 interns,

companies do it, the university of rhode island -- it will have to be local. we have 8 million truck drivers in america. we have to have a re-training -- , they know that ai will redo -- reduce people in call centers. jobs,n them to do other and retrain them to get jobs at other companies. robotics, that

one needs something else. have a family making all of these things go back to training, skills, lifelong information. i want to weigh in on that. i can speak for all the governors, we appreciate you coming and sharing your thoughts. encouraging capital getting to our small businesses

and how are economy is moving. do toe anything we can ease the burden on large banks and our community banks. what do think the balance is versus encouraging access to capital? we have the most transparent financial markets. banks.king about small we move $6 trillion a day. i'm sympathetic to a lot of small banks.

there loantell you theyompliance officers -- are told we don't want any more of these types of loans. responsibility. we should applaud entrepreneurs, they are job creators. having sounds great small business person or great to talk about what works and what doesn't work.

we are doing this great work in working with the entrepreneur about what they need to learn. people, --. we you mentioned that you -- we were failing inner-city kids. i think that's a problem in every small town. is there anything you can help us with? partnerships work.

you have to account for high school and college credit. it has to be at the local level. the community colleges like the idea. machine tooling, coding, it opens up all these horizons for them. we have to get back to high schools leading with a livelihood. ory may teach welding electrical work, most are

well-paying and they are not being filled. it would be a great thing to do. >> you talk about what jpmorgan , the workers are retrained. -- companiesmpany are looking at that. convince -- convince them that they should be investing in worker training? --this is a legitimate issue

i think it is a little bit over focus. >> warren buffett talks about the earnings thing. including your pension plan

stuff like that there's no democracy in america. they want to know what you do the warm bodies. they want about compensation. around and things like that for the profit for that year. 3000 always doing that public companies there's regulations of litigation and that makes it hard for companies see have to bring back the notion and larry thinks , there's 4000 people.

we go to print georges township and you open a branch and hunt and people who need financial education, charities. jobs,n't just the 25,000 they would've gone from low and thathigh skilled they lost. cities would belong to looters. this crime only stable things.

-- jcpenney went to texas. -- exxon went to dallas, jcpenney went to texas. comedies were just leaving and businesses not to blame for these good outcomes, business could do more to help fix the bad outcomes. what about the incentivizing were discouraging independent contractors? >> that's a valid point. -- we were talking about corporate governance issue with jpmorgan, what i care about is in detroit, my workers are going to retire and lose their

pension plans and he said the average pension plan for someone who worked for 35 years is $20,000. and they don't get social security. i didn't know that. i said that's terrible. friends and we try to help get the city through. detroit is not our hometowns they saidame from and they would outsource certain janitorial guards. is that you get it and the guard is the same guard who shows up, they get the same pay, get the $3000,dent firm to her the reason that's profitable, i took back their medical. they don't need to make their profit off the medical stuff for our guards.

there are some companies not in that position. they can't afford medical. i'm very sympathetic. i told over the do-gooders go run u.s. steel during the tough times. it's much tougher. they are your survivor. companies cane, try to be really good corporate citizens, train our own people, don't outsource something, the only way you're going to shake something is if you don't get withedical country people respect. jpmorgan we subsidize 90% of people who make under $60,000 medical. and then we make it freer with health accounts, etc. i found out that our 401(k), we gave these use matches -- huge matches and i limited the match to hire great people. i got the question why don't people put money in? we match it to do one or three to one, 40,000 people weren't putting money in. i did an analysis. why? they were making $40,000 a year

counter -- a year. they needed the money. it wasn't that they were dumb. -- and is consistent. we have to do around the world.

>> feel passionate about. americans are divided along political lines and through the court of public opinion, and private enterprise, the collaboration and cooperation, it's polarized. family is the most important thing. know how that happened. special don't know how that happened. spend a couple weeks in a row with me. i'm a huge patriot that way. is with the united states and not always parochial. >> talking about polarization.

i try. it's more the federal government , and may be right. when i hear about interstate schools, they are right in its much more about policy. you elected saying anything you , but you don't get the hospitals working, you will fail as a governor. listen and i'm responsive when the complain about things like that. chase would morgan go next argentina and how do you and is partversity

of my job. i've never been conflicted. we've got to do a great job with employees. then on to my customers right, they don't come back. more next year than this year and we are not doing communities, without wanted. exactly the same as if you own a corner bakery store. summer, youthe participate in the local little league, church, mosque, synagogue, because those are people. conflictedbeen between the two.

it's just all talk. it.people love all those people around the , those leaders, people love it. it for our communities. the list for everybody. >> what do you think could be done better to enhance financial literacy in her school? that are the cost of credit, budgeting, so forth. >> i remember when i was a young book that a little they don't want to work.

were all of your would take them in high school and asked what is a rainy day fund? what is a bank account? walk a couple miles a day. -- you can't rely on churches and schools. , foru are chase client free visa to look for retirement something like that. you get your credit score. we are starting to educate how you can improve it. you can improve by paying this next bill on time. people are dying to have it.

to war and seven more date, for singlend cheese mothers and educate them about a rainy day fund. i think we have to do it. we are going to test everything but i really think it should start in the schools. many people want jobs and they're not getting matched. peoplell searching for [inaudible] when they don't need before your degree to do that stuff. that? deal with companies became lazy it was

just an easy scale. tellers, it's not required. that do you think ?hey want to be a teller 401(k) acal, pension, woman stood up and said those are just enough jobs, then jobs. i'm responsible for hiring , tell theple a year story.

you should look at that too. he went to the fdic. hiree told him we can't scholars and she changed it. there's a picture of him working with us to say thank you. we have a second chance. [applause] >> housing affordability. there are state and federal programs for first-time homeowners savings account to save money tax-free. and if you're in a state without

income tax, is not helpful. think the solution is to the housing affordability issue? affordable housing is least affordable in place that have land-use restrictions. it made a very hard to afford housing. we had a study that showed if you a rainy day fund 20% of people don't. important but we vastly overreact. localare state and servicing requirements. used 30 base points for mortgages.

most banks were not of fha lending because of litigation behind it. self-employed, immigrant younger, and poorer. market andtgage education. >> we are just about out of time. panel ibeen a fantastic appreciate covering a range of topics. ship on the new skills for youth program have been fantastic. about apprenticeship and technical education. , we have a couple of minutes to offer a closing remarks. >> i don't know how system.

-- how to fix the federal system. convert that policy into educating the population. the last thought is i know a lot of the governor's and they've done a great job. need get together privately and work out what works for america. >> thank you. >> over a half million children are currently in foster care. >> everybody is avoiding you come on going to say hi.

>> you want a games on youtube, we are not equipped for that. >> don't give it another thought. three kids, too much. >> they are durable. alexi we are, make yourself at home. because you are home. >> he was smart for trading. >> hey, honey, can i help you with anything?

>> and charlie baker, the vice president of the committee. welcome we want to the conversation about child welfare and rethinking child welfare. the one thing i would say about that is we are constantly in the process of rethinking the way we deal with support and working with the most at risk and kids interstate. good, because in many respects these are some of our greatest challenges in the represented in many cases the difference between opportunity and no opportunity for kids in many cases through no fault of their own. i just want to make a couple

quick comments before introduce governor kate brown. one of the most important things we need to do to be successful is recognized our social workers go to work each day with need to bed kids investmentsnd make of a sure they are managing a reasonable number of cases in a reasonable number of families. respecte decisions with to the need in many cases the psychological and medical issues that these kids are dealing with. when he did take a ministry to work away from the social we reduce paperwork which radically improve their ability to do their work. we worked pretty successfully always in massachusetts.

the second thing is recognizing the importance of placement and permits may come to these kids. it gives them a sense of certainty about their future. harder to working develop kinship opportunities whether it's mom and dad are both problems and of staying with a family member or end up -- place kids in a reasonable timeframe. from uncertainty to more certain states. in a permanent relationship and more likely they are to be successful. tothe work we can all do affect those things that ultimately determined --

historically, we've not done a with what happens in respect to a lot of these kids and their families. we can figure out which things really make a difference for them and for their families. it was a terrific panel i think we are all going to learn a lot. start rethinking your child welfare policies. this sort of thing when his constant room for improvement and there's an opportunity for kids. distributed,nly opportunity is not. the more we have those opportunities, the better off we will be. with that, we turned over the tagteam partner governor kate brown have been chairing and by

-- vice chairing. on interviews for now. bakernk you, governor ended afternoon, everyone. i'm pleased to be here this afternoon i'm very excited. opportunity inue the child welfare system works to better meet the needs of our families. for me, it's a very personal issue that i started practicing law in the juvenile justice system. i then continued my work in this arena. in my state we have won a half times the national average so we

are tackling those issues within our child welfare system but are really focused on how to address the reason why we are seeing summary children come to the foster care system. i pledge of introducing the onel that are really focused serving a number of children safely through her is him and hopefully better serving families of the united states. an author, advocate in child welfare juvenile justice. and the president of children's village care for children with family support, community engagement and short-term residential intervention. writer andwned

director with original experience in foster care and adoption behind the film instant family starring mark wahlberg. stridesade significant streamlining improving the child welfare system and is focused on improving -- improving adoption timelinestimelines and first las reforming the foster care system in louisiana and focusing on connecting foster parents and fostering cross agency cooperation. i would like to welcome our panelists to the stage. please give them a round of applause. [applause]

>> ok. thank you. thank you for joining us. questions you a few and start talking about the work , when it comes to helping children, the consistent theme has been the need to protect children from the one thing they love the most, which is the parents, their siblings, their family. family separation of the husband's proportionate. vivus families that society values the least are the most rest from his and their children. the foster care system.

city the children's summer and were ashkenazi jews there were 1800s largely irish catholic. today is the last two decades, an overrepresentation of black and asian -- and native children in foster care. no question about it. 2017 about 23,000 children age'' or when they turn 18 years old or 21 years old. 2018er 25,000 aged out in from the same amount will a job this year. many who age out spend five to

seven years in foster care. think 50% of that group returned to the very same families we kept him away from. we have 50% are struggling to survive. girls and very risky transient relationships. and they remain dependent on government and childcare. group that ages out, we promise in the family and we never did. they never knew family, they came of age institutions and groups. 70% 75% of children separated from families are not suffering

from physical or sexual abuse. think kids are being removed from physical or sexual abuse, that's not true. substance abuse because of the opioid crisis. they are most closely associated with poverty and that's it. remarks bylude by saying children do best and families. this great nation, we have more than enough families together. including children with complex needs. note out about it. do and i hopemust he gets talk about a little, we must be getting those foster families to step up. we can do more.

campaign talk about things we can do. transform help and we the system.

we admire your leadership. i'm most proud of is that you stuck your neck out. >> he said he would not tolerate cuts. he said there would be no cuts to d.c. fs. started the trickle-down where it gave them hope. they do amazing work

. to start equipping them with .hat they need to bringd our website .eople from all over just starting up a dialog is what i am excited about. just to say something to everyone here. thank you for being here. thank you to those sitting in. there is no political constituency served. the vast majority of children themselves are ineligible to vote.

the bottom-line is -- this has to be addressed. we have thousands in foster care. find a way to be solution,t of this the funding of these programs are not wrapping around what you as a troubled population and bring services. reply at the bottom and not the top. attention tow your

governor that every who cares about this at every state level should now. what is the wait time for someone to be adopted? many people are living in kinship care? these, the one what i will mention is happens to them once they age out? they go out at the age of 18 and

do not have a permanent family they spent $300,000 per person over the course of a life. 34% of those who age out will have an adverse interaction with the criminal justice system. it is on the face to system -- it is almost a assistant go -- statistical probability that they will be trafficked. to fail. afford we can't afford it. problem where rehab

the absolute capacity to resolve once it is broken. we talk about wrapping around and helping families, i'm challenging the notion that families with a biological family is not the best solution for the child. this is maybe something we could talk about. that decision needs to be made early. also expand our search

there is plenty of room for improvement. out. talk about aging tell us about the teens who have met some, right? where are we failing with the teenagers and why are we feeling so often? >> that is the perfect question. i am not an expert. >> you are a great storyteller. >> thank you. it lowers the bar for my qualifications. >> why are they afraid?

enough how huge that is. everything else we do falls under that. i went to an adoption fair. we did not want to go near the teenagers because we were scared. happens in the movie, -- 16-year-old. with a lot of fear and , we said that we missed with them. they were hoping that their mom would still come for them.

they called us a short time later and said that there were three others. and they are the best that ever happened to me. we wanted to have the story of in order tomovie this very honestly we sat down with a lot of family. many of them became a part of the film process. anything in your individual pr efforts were you get away from and all of thec things that frighten people to give them fear and trepidation is focus on stories and let them

tell the stories. let the kid tell their stories. who can vouch for any character more than a child. chance you have to tell those stories makes everyone less afraid that will long way. when we were speaking in the , are you comfortable talking about the workforce? we have people taking massive risks. we need governors and first ladies and leaders to stand behind our workforce.

you have done a great job in your state driving that message forward. when our governor put the leader in the position and that was a big move. she brought so much to that office. just dealing with the caseworkers and giving them what they need. them.ined it was a teacher or percent in a classroom. they need to learn how to be a support system for that child.

we worked with caseworkers. >> that is a stunning statistic. thank you. willing toor being stand behind the workforce. we need to support those kids and foster parents. there are some things you say i heardonate with me you say widely -- why would we demand that the government fee that solution? my firstinded of experience that i was so excited

to bring my mom. she walked around a massive campus right outside new york city. and she askednd if i was in charge of it. she said government and charity can never be solutions. you have private partners in kentucky you are working with where the implications of that? >> the reality is that government has a role. the government has a role to facilitate an environment to incentivize.

we gave raises to all the social workers and acknowledged them and talked about their stories. this is a thankless, underpaid ly demanding job. of asked about what kind partnerships. jordango into any fracture in new england, you walk and and it is well known up there. displays amazing video of kids and you see that they are just looking for a family to love them. private company who

took it upon themselves to say, what is our role. we do have others as well in kentucky. aboutde a great point marketing and pr. the solution exists in the room and with everybody we know. the reality is how can we make people aware. we tell about good things. i showed a big picture on a screen and it showed a picture of a family, a mother, father, and three kids. number onf them had a their shirt.

i explained people that these were the number of days these individuals had each weighted to get to resolution as it related to their desire to adopt or vienna.de. 100% side on both ends to make it happen. andd that family come in walk up and take over my state of the commonwealth address and speak. i think that had a powerful impact on just elevating the awareness. it was far more than anything i ever could have done. in the weeks after that, we passed one of the most comprehensive childcare bills in the history of america.

his health the one from kentucky. look at it. it is not perfect. there is no perfect anything. if you have ideas we can steal from you, please tell us. it breaks down the barrier so that we can get the kids to the homes and not the institutions that will turn them. >> the governor and the first lady keep driving this conversation where it should be. chance andou took a got the t-shirt elevated -- printed and elevated the discussion. reality together.

media stories don't tell the story. tragedy, about human which is scary. things do go wrong. can we learn from you? >> the stories around foster care are either, you should do soething because it is seeinge and things like a real family in front of people and hearing stories and what i enough --ss enough is is involve foster kids.

to playthey go on uptball or if they can get and speak about the world candidly. any time these kids own their say, ind come out and was in this situation through no fault of my own. i got passed around from family to family. here is what i am doing with my life now. it makes the kids believe that they don't have to fall into the kid lost inf a society. themeneral population see differently is important. , i saw thissomebody movie and it inspired me to get

involved in the foster system. we were just talking earlier that one thing i have been that if you go to a dinner party and tell people your expecting and they won't say oh that kid is still your car someday. you tell them you're adopting, this is the first thing that comes to their mind. anything that we can do to change that would help. new ads have been worked on regarding foster care. >> thank you.

add that theo children and the young people presenting. to have young people come during session and walk around and get itcommittees and talk about is powerful. for them to speak of their own experiences is powerful. for them to say i have been in and thenent homes handed a new folder and you're out on the streets. talk to the people that make the decisions is powerful. your.have a gentleman we met him through making the

movie. he works with a foundation. of ohio he isate .art of an advisory board they get foster alumni together to advise. feel free to chat him up. like these are repetitions on a theme. but my wife started something that worked really well. it's comprised of folks like this. one of the first things that they did was ask what are we not doing. and how are your needs not met.

the first things they brought forward are now the law in kentucky. with the cats whose parents could prove them in foster care they couldn't get drivers license until they were older. that was the first thing they said, why can't we drive? we can't get jobs. we brought that forward. not available it should allow somebody who is not family but 70 who is trusted,

who for 8 -- is not family, but who is trusted should be allowed to abide for that child on an interim basis. changed a lot. you bring the kids in and have them talk. things get done. named -- a guy in kentucky who has a huge business and he was a foster kid. find someone who has been there who has risen up and done extraordinary things. back.turn wanted to get give them the opportunity to do that. s.ey'll will find other

the solutions are out there, we just need to empower people. we have 10 minutes left. you reminded us that these kids coming to care through no fault of their own. own some of this. have a lot of adopted. you've adopted for of your nine children. i have watched you on videos. i know there is nothing easy with kids. anything instructive in

your experience to remind us that these kids want to be loved unconditionally i at least one person. i want you to think about your own children and talk about what you and the governor do. >> when you said people's response was to be afraid. if you've ever had a teenager, it doesn't matter if they were born in your house are not. it doesn't come with a manual if they were born with you are not. you have an ability to have an awareness of what is coming. what they need is someone to love them. to adopt a i tried

child years ago. through multiple checks and thousands of dollars being spent and because sometimes something expired and you had go back again. , wehe end of all of that were told that since she was a sixth child she would get enough attention. she was 14 years old and had been in 11 homes. she is an adult somewhere who probably has not turned out well. there was no logic. the politicalnear world at the time. but i remember thinking how our courageous that a family who

could take care five was deemed unable to take care of six and it was better for the child to end up with nothing as a result. i decided something can be done about it. we can do something about this. the final thing i will say on this is that yes, nine is a lot. the governor is here and he knows a lot about this. of course this is a lot, but having more children than hands is the parenting version of terminal velocity. once you have more children than hands, you are there appeared the only thing that will really change in your life with absolute certainty is what you drive will go down rapidly. the cool factor of what you drive will go down. it is 100% doable. if you are not in a position to

adopt or foster, you know somebody you could come alongside and help with an encouraging word, a meal prepared and offered to be there backup so they could have a date night with the ability to say, i noticed you have three kids the age my more and have a closet full of stuff. come over and if you want things, take them. it little thinks are so easily fixed if we get all engaged. making itecret to me is because of my wife. let's be honest. i get to make it look easy. she is the mother of nine children, god bless her. [applause] >> how many points does he get for that speech? >> until the oldest turned 20 couple months ago, i had seven teenagers and our house at one time, some point to us and some

not. six were girls. i am just saying. it can be done. >> we all aspire to be like him. every time i hear you speak, i hear you talk about children in foster care. you never forget to do that. why is it so important? >> because there are our children. you are talking about people who can wrapped themselves around them, at any given time we have 4000 children in foster care in our state. they couldurch, if recruit one family and that family rep themselves around that child, we could do amazing things. we have a group in new orleans, they are a faith taste community

and they are duplicating this across their state. the church wrapped themselves around that family who is the adoptive family. opentable is doing remarkable things in our state within the church. getting people to rep themselves around those parents and give them the help and support they need is important. one of the things that came out of the summit and our website s.s to have a networking place doinge groups that are amazing things and collecting things. networking and letting everyone know these things were available.

we wanted to have a place where everyone could go. people who could help with lessons or dance or anything. they can be a part of the equation. you.ank let's take a minute each. what is the takeaway? how do we change? >> one thing i want to mention we are working on with a group of foster alumni, we it are creating a pride logo that we are going to roll out. we are going to try to bring it nationwide and worldwide. right now, they carry needless shame. they are so strong and tenacious and resilient and they are never

credited for these things. when you are battling against great odds, you cultivate great qualities you should be proud of. [applause] think you are here talk about this. we want to bring this out so that kids can have something on a t-shirt or wherever and a conversation piece so instead of , they can be happy to tell you the story. >> ok 30 seconds, and then we will finish. being here. for you are the solution. if you think nothing can be done about this, i beg to differ and we can do something about this and we will. in in kentucky and we

are happy to share anything we are happy to learn anything you would like to share with us. are invited to come to the summit who will involve people from the world you come from who care about this. that will be an attraction in some measure the people who want solutions, we will have a number of summit and meetings in kentucky. we want every governor to come. you will find it time well spent. we will concentrate in this effort. the bottom-line is, let's get out there. thank you so much for having this. >> one of the things i failed to mention was a parent initiative was started. it has been done statewide. that has been helpful. the foster children are our

children. them, than invest in we are not investing in the future. it is a no-brainer. i am excited to be part of this and making everyone aware and making it less intimidating. especially for the teenagers. just bringing awareness and educating people. >> thank you, everyone. [applause] ♪

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>> on sunday, being the winter meeting of the governors association continues. they would talk about technology and education programs. it begins at 9:00 a.m. eastern right here on c-span. democratic senator elizabeth moran participates in a campaign organizing event in new hampshire. 2:30coverage begins at p.m. eastern, right here on c-span. 116th congress includes many newcomers, but also lawmakers with diverse backgrounds, including a former franchise owner of mcdonald's. you have referred to yourself