a view of her midshipman. benof them said i love the shapiro podcast and i love pod save america. we don't shut down the opposition. that is how our founders were. that is how the american colonists were. that is how we need to be. that is part of what podcasting does, it allows we the people to get information from all areas, instead of just having one direction sent to us. >> what do you think of the future of podcasting? what do you think is its future as a broadcast medium? it has to do with the delivery system. the idea of audio on demand is here to stay. the fact that anyone at any given time can push a button and say this is what i want to hear right now, is incredibly. >> you can find us online at

c-span.org. live on c-span, our coverage from george washington university where we are hearing from the head of radio free asia about reporting from china and other countries in asia. we will discuss how the rfa is reaching larger and lobby -- larger audiences by using innovative technologies to get around censorship and blocking on the website. are a partnership of three organizations. the university of southern california, the center for communication leadership and policy, the public at the lummis and public diplomacy association of america, also here -- today has many things to tell us here she has been trying to think about how to cut it down so i will cut my info short. is the longest serving, by far, head of a network of euros international

broadcasting. she goes back to the bush administration, which no one else i think can claim. the radio free asia, which is what she heads, brings from china, north korea, and other areas, and then of course turns around and sends journalism back to denied areas. we will hear about both. libby, in addition to being the ingest serving network head u.s. international broadcasting, i believe is the only one who has both an mba and a law degree from penn law school. it is my pleasure to welcome to the podium, libby liu. [applause] thank you, adam, and thank you, everyone, for being here.

i hope this is informative. feel free to have questions along the way. i hate the sound of my own voice. i will try to put a lot of material altogether here. as adam just said, we prepared a longer one than we have had. i think we will have to go with it. go ahead. i will talk about radio free asia to get a sense of what we do and we use a case study of china to illustrate the way we think and the way we work. radio free asia, every single thing we do is based on article 19 of the declaration of human rights. when we think of programming and wee strategy decisions, always bring it back to article 19.

our mission is to bring this information to people who would otherwise not have access to it. that is what started the u.s. congress deciding they needed to create a sister organization which as you know, was very powerful and effectivethat is w. congress during the cold war in preserving freedom and democracy's and educating people who are behind the curtain. we were created by congress and funded by formally the bpg. we have three under the umbrella, radio free asia, news, and open technology fund. because whatde in we do is really basic. it is a very simple formula. goal is people regard us as the go to trusted source in their language. importantrticularly

when something major happens like earthquakes in shanghai that were built on shoddy construction and collapsed on inldren, all of the children the chinese province. it was a disaster and tragic. time, our numbers and it gauge meant went up dramatically. that, wegs happen like put all hands on deck and we do 24 hours of live tweeting and streaming coverage and this continues in the situation in hong kong, which is now taiwan. know your audience, understand the context of where they're coming from so you can talk to so they understand and can conceptualize and relate. know your adversary. in our case, our adversaries are the sensors. we are free press and they are sensors. deliver the truth. never deviate.

us, being the enemy of the states in which we operate, one mistake will kill us. rigorous in our ethics. shoot for the epiphany moment. if you grew up where your state media is controlled from birth, it is sometimes really jarring to turn on a radio station like radio free asia and hear something that is completely different than anything you ever believed before. what we have found in our audiences is that everybody has a pace in the moment, the moment truths you there are are being denied and that it matters to you. and it is your state doing it. and comments all the time from people telling us there personally pay for me moment stories. a quick one, i remember this is a very successful

corporate lawyer in shanghai. very wealthy and very influential here you know. -- influential, you know. one day, her brother who is in college disappeared. before that time, whenever people talked about radio free asia to her, she was like, they hate china and chinese people and adjust attacking us all the time. then she started doing research because she was trying to find her brother. she realized a lot of the people who write on college blogs and chat rooms and message boards disappeared when they say things the state does not like. on a six-month intensive mission to find her brother. all of the connections and wealth she had, she could not find anything. he was gone and he never turned up. so she wrote me and said, i finally realized that everything you have said is true. i did not want to realize it because my life was so good. but it is.

that is the epiphany moment, the moment a person has liz -- lived in a closed society and experienced that, it is difficult to live without it. i feel that the freedom of information and freedoms states stay in power,o freedom of information, religious freedom, these are elements of human dignity. humans deserve their own dignity. to give it back to them, provide information to inform decisions about their own life spirit i know i am going long. operations. asia is aradio free broadcaster. i know a lot of you know a lot more about some of these things than others but i'm trying to walk it in scope. we do local news for local people in closed societies. this was originally mandarin, , china,e, and tibetan

north korea, cambodia, and vietnam. sad to say, none of these places are free. when we were created, we had a then wert window and had only annual re-authorizations until finally in 2011, congress gave us permanent authorization. it was clear the trajectory of freedom and free speech in asia was not going in the right direction. we are in our fifth year of operation, created to encounter extremist rhetoric focused at muslim, disenfranchised muslim communities that were being targeted by extremist rhetoric. unfortunately, because of the violence of extremism at the time we started this, there was no room in these indigenous countries to do these independent news sites.

houses tended to be firebombed. we realized we had to do this from outside. we call it offshore. we created this brand to be serviced to these communities that feel disenfranchised. looked at the causes of being vulnerable to extremist rhetoric ,nd fundraising, and found that you know, like in all things, it is really about not feeling like you are heard or not feeling like you matter. issues that were particularly influential, corruption, lack of education, you know, all of the things that dehumanized or not a part of a society. even though these were developed,ly very

and, you know, vital, vibrant environments, there were communities of people left behind, easy sitting targets. we are in our fifth year now and now we do a lot more than just countering violent extremism. technology fund. i don't know what you're we are in. we started in 2012. internet,about the often times, people think about internet freedom in the case of news organizations as a pure access issue. this is a very serious issue, as you know. the great firewall of china is enormously effective. we have an upcoming report that censorship in technology in china are now inng used in 120 countries the world. access is a very serious issue

but it is so much more than that. because there is no ability for us to create content unless we have access to sources and secondary sources and can't mission and photos and videos and, you know, documents that are found, or leaks, right? during the revolution, which radio free asia broke, i don't ofw if you remember scenes opened, we before it ran 24/7 during the entire --ement and went it ended when it ended, every single one went to prison with transcripts of their phone calls to radio free asia. time, we decided that was not going to work anymore. mission, legislative mission, is to promote

unrestricted access to the internet. we are talking about no censorship, no monitoring, and no interference. this is a very important concept. it touches everybody's life. societies, closed societies, anyone who touches the internet must have freedom for it to work. next. china. i thought we would take a look at china as our case study. it is so massive. when ito clarify that talk about china, i am not talking about china. i'm talking at the ruling party. to understand china come your adversary, you have to understand why they do what they do appear they want to take their rightful position in global leadership. what they do, they control the global narrative and global sentiments regarding china, and how.

multilateralplex, -- multilevel strategy. many of us in this room know the various parts of this multilevel and synchronized thing. it is not coordinated in the sense that there is a planned, this is your job and your job, it is that everyone is moving about in the same direction. everyone knows where the goal is. in individual lanes, they will drive toward the same place. challenges. this --probably know sorry about the colors. freedom has declined in the world. journalists are being targeted. authoritarian disinformation, independent news has shut down a -- and the decline of commercial journalism. you can see what i wrote here. someone asked me how radio free asia is doing. it is fantastic there it but i

have more journalists in prison today than i have ever had before. more family members have been to pressureor held our journalists than ever before. our sources are in prison. people we profile are in prison. it is a very bad time. this is a great graphic done in our freedom house. the reports in 2019, these are selected cases of what china has been active in doing. i will talk about some of these. corner is in sweden the chinesewhere have harassed and threatened critics of china. in germany, the former chancellor was found spewing

chinese party lines about the detentions. africa, -- decides who's going to get ccp state media. -- duringhey placed prime time. i could go on and on. i recommend you take a look at the graphic, in freedom house online. illustrative of the vast array of pressures that can be applied all over. next. i will focus on the propaganda portion of it because united front does everything, including co-opting citizens of the free world to act as their representative and push their interests. this is pervasive especially in western democracy. for our purposes, radio free asia is really about propaganda. where we sit, there are three

major concerns. one, obviously, domestic media. that is everything they control which ise orders, basically everything online, tv, radio, newspapers, magazines, everything. the second area is shaping the global narrative and what we have seen is, especially in these countries, they have havet up radio, tv, and pervasive information operations in those third languages. a very serious concern that we counter chinese propaganda coming into a country in its own language, such as vietnam or cambodia or some of the countries that we deal with. the third area is chinese -- people likeing is

my parents, who left in 1949 because of the communist regime, 24/7. they watch cctv i am sorry, mom and dad. i have to out you. so i watched her other -- on tv all day long. this is insane and insanely effective. we will talk more about this later but those are the three areas i'm concerned about. basically, these are all different ways to ensure domestic censorship. some examples. you know, controlling all the state party lines, you have seen if you go to china, digital time, leaked propaganda department advisories on what can and cannot be said. you will notice during big events, the headlines are consistent across everything and

you will see those exact headlines echoed in western media or international media, shockingly. something we pulled off of great fire.org, and otf project. an idea ofu kind of what censorship looks like the hind the great firewall of china. fast.that was so if you need me to slow down, say so. so, the global narrative. committed -- a committed strategy of making views are representative and that and t cct views are discouraged. sorry that i lost my place. international,o probably a few years ago now,

there was an investigative report that basically outed enormous, covert, international network of radio stations that hide the fact that they put on ccp state media, including in the united states. i bring that up because these things are purposeful. they are incredibly strategic. if you wanted to convince the american people that, you know, that china is a good guy, a good performer who will help you in your prosperity, etc., you are getting these ideas that are state narratives. and i think it is super inortant that at least we this room, when we read these headlines and these stories, just take it with a little bit

of skepticism and ask yourself, who does this serve? is it serving me with objective information or is it steering me against my country, my president, my congress, what? the interest of my nation. this is very significant. next. another example of this phenomenon is this here you have probably seen it before it is in the washington post. there are many people who read it and think it is a special section of the post even though it is clearly not it looks like it. it reads like western news. when we have just supposed stories from the china daily english versus the chinese version of the story, specific terms and sentences are drop out specifically so they appeal to whoever the audience is.

the next one is super important. this is more finding from freedom house 2018's report, which i thought was significant. they expanded their influence to media everywhere. they have enhanced their ability -- because in democracy, people decide what our priorities are. they are trying to convince people that their state narrative is the right one. through many ways, suppress criticism and push party lines, and they control and manage delivery platforms. for example, satellites. this is a good one. , iently, ccp has exerted would say, majority influence

over asia and telstar, the leading satellites have a footprint over china. they informed us immediately that we were going to be not renewed when our contract came up. this is a way to control the media platform themselves. -- course, the threat of our huwaii means that they will have even greater control and data mining opportunities. there are also massive amounts of other chinese members, students that go overseas, people that go overseas, they are alsoers, targeting these with chinese language media.

one thing i have noticed over time is newspapers that are local and chinese communities have, and we think -- they suddenly start sounding a lot cctv stateate -- media. they have made a deliberate either, successfully, to through economics or pressure or putting friends in the right places, influencing all of those journalistic lines. even if you think you are consuming something that is independent, you are not. because you get the same view from your local chinese newspaper as you do from chinese tv, it might -- it must be right. this is all part of an orchestrated strategy. so the most amazing phenomenon in this is something referred to as uber nationalism. if you have chinese blood, you need to be pro-ccp. be amazed at how

effective this is. i think a recent example, was when we had about a decade ago, this conflict where there was a this one, ih, and do not know if you remember, one university, she really wanted to bring tibetan students at duke with the chinese students at duke and have a dialogue. what happened is as she was the own eyes, her family actually had to go on the run, into hiding on china because from -- the lives were threatened. uberou saw a surge of nationalism and people at my parents who theoretically were not supportive of the communist party, turn red in the face of you brought this up. they have the ability through a to getng-term strategy anybody that has chinese blood in them to feel like they are,

you know, beneficiaries and part of the whole china operation. so loyalty to china, loyalty to ccp -- cctv. next. this is a graphic from jamestown.org. if you are not familiar, they do phenomenal work on china. the is just demonstrating most recent reorganization of 2017 to target global -- from the united front. to show you how everything fits into this structure, next. understanding your adversary. i'm trying to think of a good example of this. about yourtalk

freedom of expression if you never know there was a universal declaration of human rights? how about you don't even know that they are considered universal human rights in the world? these ideas, which are inherent in our belief system in that we share with, you know, our allies and like-minded nations, are by from whatsident people in china understand. to understand where they are coming from, we have to look at their words and actions. document number nine, still a winner after all these years. this was a leaked document from inil 2013, which laid out excruciating detail, threat of incorrect thinking. the chinese communist party is intent on eliminating the

platforms and the ability to share incorrect thinking, and some of these ideas that are anti-cc -- ccp in their view our constitutional democracy, universal values, civil society, journalism. to see it in black and white from a government document saying these are a threat to us, is very eye-opening. it makes everything else makes sense. because it is very hard to understand what to tell you tarry in an government hasn't -- what the intentions are when we live in a free society. see some of these sprinkled throughout my presentation. this was a cartoon done by rebel pepper who was an extremely popular satirical cartoonist in china. obviously exiled.

so we brought him to radio free asia and he now does political cartoons for us. award-winning. he is phenomenal. his cartoons are insightful and you will see more as we go. this shows a basic conflict for xi jinping. trying to close the gaps in understanding and misinformation, gaining trust with audiences through credibility. credibility is the world's hardest thing. it is from a lot of things. for credibility, you have to have authenticity. we have all native-language personalities because you trust sounds like you, uses your lexicon, has shared history with you, who you can relate to their family experiences and home experiences.

it is the authenticity that is key to developing a relationship between a news provider and news recipient. than that, you have to have absolute truth. again, we cannot afford to make mistakes. thes so ironic now that anti-democratic nations in this world are so involved on pushing lies -- in pushing lies and disinformation, and trust is gained through credibility. if you could look around your and see something happening, but your new station is not covering it, there is a problem. that is what compromises it. here are some examples. china hasast decades, massively invested in media capable of reaching everybody. 140 countries, cri is and 65 languages.

that is their official thing. i thought this was fun. , i cannot say it. front page on june 4, which you know is a major date in china. of a massacre. the top story is to us for recycling. i will say not that relevant to that massacre. these are some fun headlines that we just snipped out of various china daily articles. you can see the messaging they are using. everything, it looks like news but it is not news. it is influence. next. here are some more. they were promoting all kinds of -- some years, all good things must come to an end, even apple.

there are just all kinds of rhetoric or a narrative that they are pushing. these are just the english ones. they obviously participate in trying to resuscitate when truth kind of goes against the narrative. these are some examples. obviously, they're creating an alternate reality in hong kong in real-time now. i put these so you could go find and read them if you are interested. it is fascinating how much is being -- how much is being done to be sure our view of reality is their view of reality. next. this is a typical rfa day. all right. next. we do special reports on things we think are particularly important for our audiences to know. all english stuff. but understand that almost everything we do is in native

language me. we are not funded to do english. we only do english when our news is ask rousseff or has some angle we think is not being cap shirt in the english media. come we will break some news like a revolution or the camps, and then it rolls press and wire services, which is our goal. is getting the truth above the radar. next. here is an example of hong kong, two months now of ongoing protests. whene night last night civil servants went on strike. rfa, as always, we go heavy and 24/7 with major events in our region. if you do not know what the hong kong protests are about, they

are about the introduction of extradition bill which will to extradite anybody from hong kong based on their illegal discrimination. for those of you who are not familiar with the rule of law and china, there is no rule of law and china good it is rolled i law and china. people who live in hong kong or us, people who live in the free world, we will all be subject to the rule by law of the chinese if we are physically in hong kong and the law passes. that is why it is such a big issue. it literally means that the chinese system will preempt the hong kong genuine rule of law system. this is a defining moment for hong kong. i put this up because it is a cartoon, this is the protest at the hong kong airport.

this is a defining moment for hong kong. they were using our cartoons and you see what it was saying. they say they do not see any problems and everything is good. the waitress beat up someone and they say that is fine and good. keep going. this is a video which we will not show. are we going to show it? we will two minutes. it is in cantonese. clip] [chanting] libby: that's enough. we are covering the protests of people in mainland china. example of creativity during the last hong kong demonstration. the umbrella movement. everything, monitor everything the chinese state media does. we realized they were pushing the narrative that everyone hates the protesters and they are super inconvenient and

everyone thinks they are a pain in the neck. which obviously was not true. so we created a digital solidarity wall for the umbrella of protesters. every time someone piped up from anywhere, we put it on the wall. in the first few days, i printed the law so i could show it at a board meeting. it was printed out 12 feet long. after that, i never attempted it again. but we saw over the course of the umbrella movement that more and more support came from china on the mainland. we were getting more and more photos of people with yellow umbrellas and everything. we know it was effective. we did a lot of fun things at that time. , which istellite obviously a problem now. -- twitter is blocked in china. we ran the foremost blocked , unlike on twitter

tweetdeck's over satellite. anyone in china could see anything everyone the world was saying on these hashtags. if we give them what the chinese are taking away from them, it opens their mind. so we have a lot of fun. do you want to play a little bit of this? this is an animation. [video clip] ♪ ♪ libby: we did a series of interviews and profiles stories thatfamilies of people

were in the massacre. ♪ libby: we call this the mother's project. it was well received. ok. we will move on. these are different parts of our coverage from this year. it was an anniversary year. next. if the video. ok. is another example. i don't know how many people know about these people. is the onlysia international news source in the language in the world. we have almost, a monopoly on original content coming from autonomous region.

we were the first to rate the story of the large scale imprisonment in those vocational schools, a reeducation camp. in april 2017, which has grown as you probably know, into something enormous, up to 3 million people are estimated to be in the system. in many of our closed societies like north korea or tibet, they rely on truck -- trusted net of sources. this is important to what we do. it is only because rfa has been serving people with the truth for 20 years that we have this network of trusted sources in these places. yes people tell each other, if you cannot get help here, go see rfa and they will look into it and talk about it. serve ourinue to audiences in that way, our network of trust grows.

that is what we have been investing in for 20 years. secure andwe made encrypted medication to help our audiences, sources, and people. thatay or may not know almost all of the staff at radio free asia has had their entire families taken. really really big deal, more than 60 family members. elderlyking about parents as well as nieces and nephews who are children. they have disappeared into these camps. what is interesting is last week, the chinese said, surprise, 90% of internment have been released. not so much. we did a very comprehensive random survey of all of the communities to see if they have seen people coming in and out. it is utterly false.

hashtag on twitter saying show us the 90%. there was a case where they had a fake disappearance and then they showed a video of the person who allegedly disappeared and they were like see, it is all a lie. it is not a lie. it is the truth. the matter how they try to spin this thing, it continues to be the truth. story, we bigger broke all of these things happening on the ground. then our cantonese services doubled down and reported it to the rest of the mainland because the chinese government tries to create anti-minority sentiment in china. make them feel threatened by and they call this attack on the three evils, extremism and terrorism and violence.

finally, our english continue reports for the restroom world to follow up. we wrote a report about a 1000 fold increase. do you suddenly need 1000 more? is disturbing. we did a breaking report about their shipping. some of the people from reeducation camps from literally prisons and understand these are extra to -- extrajudicial camps. you could have had a friend that , you're going to camp. so much more and i could tell you about what is going on but it is a lot. website, we the rfa have a page where we have committed to all of the updated news about our missing family members because so many members of congress and the state department have shown an interest in trying to help the situation. next.

these are fan comments but we don't have time for that. coined last year, here's the definition. they captured an entire line of effort for ccp. gone. let's go see. tactics. multipronged taxes -- tactics, i just put examples here. external economic influence, trying to foster anti-democratic or, and they call it bri for us external people but it is one built, one road. they realized they had a pr problem. now they changed it to bri. beltll refer to it as one come one road because that is what it is it is. all roads lead back to china. diplomacy, key industries, and influencers.

like in australia who are compromised because the efforts of the united front, they will push physicians in that government. next. here is a cartoon about puppets. next. this is a great graphic from the silkwhich shows road push, that literally all roads lead back to china to control shipping, shipping ports , land ports, railroad areas, so that china can continue to support its massive economic structure. go on. here is another one i thought was worth looking at. some people do not understand how penetrated europe is it is penetrated here this is a graphic to demonstrate. next.

it would be fun for you guys to see. afghanistan, i mean, like, we are so wonderful in the whole world loves us. the value of this effort they're doing is crickets among muslim countries and turkish countries. turkey has their own problems. it has been nothing but crickets from everyone else. i can stop if you want. signal if you want me to shut up.

can someone tell me, the answer, yes you are. because you know, it was obviously a great report done. this is my favorite graphic in the entire world. this is the reach of china watch. they look like paper because they are not. it is also in every major newspaper around the world.

all of the manager relied upon trusted media around the world has their version of china watch. i find this terrifying. things seem like they're from somebody you trust and you are like wait a minute, this is not right. listen to your gut. it is not right. go on. i really feel like, do you want me to answer questions or to a little bit on the open technology fund?

that is technology to either give you access or protect access to the internet. go to open tech. funds and you will see annual reports. the amount refunded, the years two thirds has otf supported technology on it. astonished how needed it was in the world and how to make everything x -- effortless to users to protect yourself. i can stop now. sorry. otf sometalk about

other time. questions? >> thank you. you give us a lot to think about. libby: i notice a lot p i'm sorry. [applause] arnold now teaches in china. >> i don't have to introduce myself. thank you. over the last 10 years or so, especially in comparison to voice of america. feedback do you get and how do you determine the impact you are having with the hong kong story now especially with the hong kong community? i as at notice vietnam target nation in the list you provided.

>> absolutely vietnam is a target country of ours. we have a very strong vietnamese service -- new service. it is a terrible situation there. have zero. they are in prison. your first question was, do i think -- i get called into the chinese embassy here where i get lectures for being a blood traitor. i'm 100% chinese. from them ir consider to be a huge complement. i explain how we choose our news. news information into the stream that was not there. to the people, if you cover the news that we could go

out of business, we put on whatever we can afford to. to cover an enormous amount of information the chinese state keeps away from its people. what do we think is the most important thing the regular chinese prison cannot see or know? lately, we are very dynamic because we are surrogates, which means we respond to the audience in real time. lately, we have been doing a lot of focus. to -- economic situation. despite the fact that people with their own eyes can see half built, people can't find jobs, the news from the state media is very rosy.

a giant part of relationships between the government and social contracts. we going to flourish and prosper. but their lack of transparency and recognition of what people can see, feel, and hear and understand from personal bigriences, it is a vulnerability in my view. i think citizens deserve to know what is going on, particularly if it affects housing and employment and ability to put food on the table. those are very essential pieces of information for citizens. more than that, it is part of a bigger understanding, there is

so much that is important that you don't know. are theue that we pointy end of the stick and that is fine. i only have a limited amount of money and a limited amount of reporters. we are going to pick what matters most in our view. they always say to me the chinese economy is so good and everyone is doing so well and i am like look, you've spent millions of dollars time the chinese people that. it is so easy. if you covered this stuff, we could go out of business. the goal is to go out of business. between surrogate and -- is that fundamental.

voa is a federal agency. this is -- rsa is a federal corporation. the f -- voa has a different charter and we try not to cross lines. to demonstrateed and show what u.s. values and policies actually are. we don't need other countries speaking on their behalf. people can decide based on authenticity in the comfort level and what they're seeing. we don't tell people how to think -- what to think. .e give people information

in a place like china, we have a hard time doing audience research. luck he, radio free europe, you know, trailblazers for us. large surveys representative, understand the fear factor is a major impediment. if you listen to someone who will put you in jail, how long will you be deathly answer? --sin of the in digital indigenous platform, we have a lot more ability to understand who is watching us from a numerical standpoint. right. year, we did it by asking questions like, people said i listen and use our fell we did g questions nine, -- we're trying to figure out --

do the same, they not that way we are able to find that we have actually 4% penetration in china on digital, which is enormous. it is about enrichment, right? every scene with a we have examples of the impact. they did with china that is hurting farmers or day, the next --ernment will start doing actually, this is a funny one. the government benefited from reporting.

year they used all of these stories about how the 99 year leases were harmful and negotiated a 50 year lease. starting from then on. it is funny but it is real. in north korea, doing a program in south korea because of the interested, we are using the slang words the same week. factorse all kinds of and they have what is called an impact model. canifferent factors you base your assessment and impact on. other than numbers. you cannot do door-to-door surveys. >> we have microphones on both sides of the room.

>> i am michael. thank you for your presentation. i saw that you said you worked in bangladesh. >> we use the same theory. you can go on and see it. go ahead. this side of the room. >> thank you for the presentation.

for newsmax. and then philippines you stated again. be aestion, it might little bit of an awkward situation. -- according to the human rights office of the human state department as well, in the freedom house, they increasingly cracked down on critics. its president, while a friend of the united states, is increasingly hostile to those who happen to disagree. -- with his policy. where does the radio free asia ,raw the line on going in raising the cause of human and ally of the

country. >> i'm glad you asked the country. fundamental rentable a broadcasting, which is independence. the reason why the surrogate broadcasters are nonprofit corporations is to give the u.s. government arms length distance. they put into the legislation a firewall, which means no one can influence our editorial line, period. not our government, foreign governments, state department, congress, or board can influence our lines. irrelevant tois our decision. where their is -- communities or markets that are woefully in need of uncensored information, independent and accurate information? in the philippines, we went into manila a week before the whole thing up because we identified

that community really needed a news source and a platform for discourse that was not tilted. that is how we entered the philippines. am very sorry for those who work in diplomacy because i know radio free asia make sure life hard, but think about the greater good and the value that we are instilling and through our example, living. that is critically important. another question. go ahead. the u.s.ere from agency for glow deal media's policy and research office. thank you for your talk. what you do is important and compelling. mentionedn is -- you -- chinese dies flora

diaspora. what would you like to do before this? is covered by voa and roa away in the country. when you talk about language news sources and they are able to disguise the state lines and those things, what we need is an alternative. if you are a chinese worker want and ghana, you deserve something else. we need in this world and alternate chinese language news like our wayis not or voa but gives truth that people deserve to know about, such as the domestic economic

situation. why did the chinese government decide to end the super popular soap operas? that was a big thing and it was decided that they didn't portray chinese history quite right and people just wanted their soap opera back. those are the kind of things that nobody gets to talk about. everybody wants to. there are dramatic examples of how strong this messaging is and frankly everybody deserves a source of free information, not necessarily ours, which i understand is threatening and dangerous will put you in jail and your family could go to jail. i appreciate that danger but there has got to be something else for all of these chinese speakers around the world, including my parents. [indiscernible] there aree --libby:

pockets of a non-chinese state media but even the respected chinese language outlets are no longer independent, sadly. go ahead. we are over so if you want to hold, i will not feel like you are rude at all. i am a graduate school student. you had mentioned how pervasive mediao us in the western as well as some media sources from western europe. especially given that we live in a free society, first amendment, what would you advise our strategies for media literacy cap perhaps as consumers of media we would be able to

discern or at least no when we should question stories a little more, especially in the context of this institution. as a student, these are think or and more we should be asking. libby: that is a really hard question, especially if you think about the population as a there is a phenomenon going on. we are seeing mainlanders in the protest. they live in the chinese mainland but now are living in hong kong and they would never dare participate in these protests on the mainland because they are so scared. haschinese government immigrated. to grow then effort support base in hong kong. we were shocked when these protests first roque out to see

mainlanders involved. this question and i said what is the deal with that? he said that in hong kong we have taken the freedom for granted. hong kong nurse realize this is the last stand. hong kong nurse realize this is the last stand. if they get this extradition law, then we are done. the new immigrants never lived in freedom before and when they get there it is so shocking, they are willing to come out and endanger themselves to preserve it. that is super important for those of us who live in a free society, take advantage of that free society. it is distressing way commercial journalism has taken a dive because people are just not interested in knowing about things that they really need to know about.

literacy issue for everybody. if you are in this school you are already woken up, congratulations, we need to do a much better job in making sure our the main stream of western democracies understand what it means to be in a democracy and how valuable that is and understand how vulnerable. ofse work from the gaps democracy and if they are able to influence voters, you will see news headlines in the denver paper about how the trade war is hurting the beer industry and they are trying to influence voters. they are targeting voting districts that will support laws that benefit them. everybody just needs to think more tickly about what they are

consuming and i do not know how to deal with the apathy. the sensationalism sells. if you are not living in a closed society, maybe truth doesn't, if you are living in a closed society, truth means a hell of a lot and you are willing to go to joe for it. -- go to jail for it. you for a compelling and informative discussion. i want to go back to constraints on your satellite resources, powerfule clearly very and useful. what are some of your thoughts about either workarounds, cutouts, or other ways in which to reach that vital audience? agm.: huge cost to u.s. they hired a handle -- satellite strategy team that has done a a redundant having

satellite network coverage for us. companiessatellite are going to be crushed in this 5g expansion because there is so much bandwidth on the spectrum. everybody is going to get squeezed as the world comes on to 5g. people went smart about going to all the other satellite providers and basically mismatching, like knitting together a comprehensive coverage map. i feel like it is pretty good. i hope it will be sustainable. -- people who want this information, they will find a way to get it and we will be there in any form that they want it. we have adapted in real time to all kinds of dissemination

tactics. area, we hearde they were playing youtube on a bus using bluetooth. we were pushing that out until it was disabled. we are just trying to be everywhere the audience wants to consume us. the information is important and they will find a way. our job is to be there. mike anderson, retired foreign services officer. benaryou say more about since that is new to me and i've never heard it and specifically in relation to malaysia. pro-western society.

could you explain what the service is and what feedback you did from the government and how it differs from the regular art fa services -- regular rfa services. we are focused on communities and not the nation as a whole. we are focused on underserved communities. we were particularly focused on communities that were extraordinarily vulnerable to extremist rhetoric. would that be in malaysia? libby: i cannot remember, but it was something that was a very big concern at the time, before the recent president was elected. the interesting thing was, during this time before the beocratic leader came up,

narnews journalists were given so much recognition because the number one terrorist threat in malaysia and their watchlist for bme reason, he consumed posted ourd readily news on his own facebook and twitter to his extremist pals and followers. in time unique moment where we will able to engage this guy, before he died. he was killed, which is great, but before that. dide were stories that we or crappyl corruption

food products being targeted toward these communities because they didn't matter as much because of predominately wealthy chinese communities in malaysia. there was a space there. since then, things have gone have to keep and i eye on what is going on there. we choose markets where we think more information is needed or freedom is under threat. that is how malaysia was chosen in the beginning, four years ago. it would be great if things worked out really well, but they are still on massive hook to ovor.e and we have to keep them knowing with the price is for that.

claire smith i'm at the university of southern california. off theion is going idea of assess ability with the hong kong protests being the majority of young people getting and going against the chinese government in that case. what you think is going to be the role of younger people and individuals gaining assess ability and disseminating free media? libby: i have all the hope in the future in our young people. vietnam is a good example. vietnam has, in my view, the most savvy internet circumvention users on the face of the earth. it is a historical thing. when the internet was created in vietnam, they didn't think about locking it down like the chinese did. very quickly, this social

platform that was called yahoo! 360 became the most popular platform in vietnam and everybody was griping about the vietnamese government about it. -- government on it. and the government turned it off. when you have millions and millions of people coming accustom to experiencing a free life online, where in their off-line life they don't have freedom, shutting them down is a huge weight to encourage them how to circumvent. vietnam, they have come when you buy a phone and when you go to a shop, you'll be asked what you want to put on and where do you want to have access. young people are extremely agile and the world status quo is not an official to young people and

so young people are realizing int they need to be active their communities and governments and the policymaking so that the future world will be one they want to live in. it is incredibly encouraging and that is where my hope is. >> we have time for one more question and i actually have one. i am with the diplomacy counsel. are you doing anything to target areas outside like south america? but we areo not online and anywhere is assessable and if you don't have a minder or a keeper, you can see rfa. understand that when you leave the country as a student, you don't necessarily want to. state andurveillance the social credit system coming

online, there is more and more default to the more conservative position because nobody knows what is going to affect your social credit rating. .ather than take a risk, don't that is a problem. also, if you don't know, we don't target anybody in the united states. basically, we don't have what needs to happen right now. and it is desperately needed. thank you so much. i am sorry i went far over and didn't get to hit some areas i thought were important. [laughter] you ever heard of radio free asia, hopefully i have given you an idea of what we are about. >> the open tech fund, can people apply for that? of our greatest successes is the open tech fund.

these are four main areas of focus. i put this slide in because it i think the resiliency and power of this program. applicants and new projects applying every single year so that we end up with what we have now which is able to finance 3% of the proposals we get. here are some key projects funded by us. we see ition is -- do spreading? do.we once upon a time, internet freedom was a handful of vendors, and now we are having 70 or 80 projects at a time with real hands-on management. we only pay for performance.

these are not grants. you have to fulfill your contract obligation before we will cut you a check. it is an important change in the way innovative technology is treated. >> thank you very much. our next program is not the first sunday in -- monday in september but the second monday. the advisory commission on deposed -- diplomacy will meet on wednesday. please join us. >> thank you for coming and listening in. i hope you got some idea of what we do. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [indistinct conversations]

shootings,e mass

president trump has suggested putting in place national flag laws who aim for those mentally ill preventing them from firearms. he says mentalist and hatred pull the trigger, not the gun. the chair of the senate judiciary committee, lindsey graham, has made a bipartisan deal with blumenthal to encourage states to adopt red flag laws which use protective orders to take guns from the mentally ill. they will be introducing the legislation together soon. this evening, we will show the president's address at 8:00 p.m. eastern time right here on c-span followed by a gun rights debate from dartmouth college in hanover, new hampshire, with lawyers on both sides arguing the gun rights issue. here is a preview. lex and then there is the obvious practical problem of drawing useful comparisons from the late 1700s or mid-1800s to today, especially with regard to a rapidly changing technology

like guns. some judges have tried to do this by trying to identify the lineal descendents of guns from the late 1700s to today are the lineal descendents of gun regulations. that is a hard thing to do. judges are not historians and guns don't have progeny or family trees. in what way is in ar-15 a descendent of a musket? if you look to the barrel length and how many shots per minute and velocity, those are questions. -- hard questions. in practice what we will see is judges will answer them, and again judge kavanaugh says this, by analogy. there is nothing necessarily wrong with that. to analogize is to find similarities between two things. that puts a lot of weight on what judges see as relevant similarities. maybe their views look like yours but maybe they don't. maybe their intuitions are the same as yours, maybe they are not.

maybe they are protective of gun rights but maybe they are not. there is a reason to be skeptical of a test that says it is based on text and tradition but will boil down to judicial intuition or analogy. >> it is always critical to put in context the language people like to pull out of heller in an effort to support of the gun side of things. when heller talked about handguns being the quintessential firearm and why they are the quintessential self-defense weapon and therefore within the scope of the constitution, the court was saying that in the context of rejecting the argument that there is no need for people to have handguns as long as they can possess long guns. what the court said was, no, this isn't a right so long as you have some type of arms that is good enough and you can pick -- and the state can pick one and you get nothing else. they said even if you have long guns, you have a constitutional right to handguns because they are a quintessential self-defense weapon commonly

owned for the lawful purpose of self-defense. what you have is jurisdictions that turn around and say heller said handguns are what is protected so we don't have to worry about the rest of it now. if you look at and drill down on definitions about what constitutes a so-called assault weapon and what it is that courts look at when trying to say that these weapons are somehow categorically different, essentially it is taking traditional rifles and having aspects of them that make them actually easier for someone to use to self-defense, make it safer for someone to use, and makes them less likely to cause collateral damage if you do actually need to use them for self-defense purposes. yet what you have courts saying all of these things make them more effective and therefore more dangerous and therefore take them outside of the scope of the constitution. that is quite a counterintuitive proposition if what you're thinking about is the notion of a being able to own a particular

firearm so that you can effectively use it if you actually were to needed for -- need it for purposes of self-defense. >> they hosted the debate over the constitutional right to bear arms. you can watch the entire program tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern. has live coverage at the iowa state fair of the candidates. on friday, live at 10:00 eastern with the former hud secretary castro, on saturday, where live at 10 a.m. eastern with governor jay inslee, senator kamala harris, centre kirsten gillibrand, senator elizabeth warren, and senator cory booker. watch the 2020 presidential candidates live at the state

fair starting thursday on c-span. watch anytime online or listen live from wherever you are. app. the free c-span radio houseday, acting white chief of staff spoke at the silver elephant gala. this is about an hour. >> we want to dedicate