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for the better it's up to us to make a difference to what. magazine d.w. . initially montanus it was only calling for a renewal of the church and its faith but the pope and the emperor saw him as a threat and he was demonized by burns. an overwhelming majority of the population at home supported him would martin luther divide or unite the germans.

april the sixteenth fifteen twenty one it looked like a reenactment of palm sunday in jerusalem. a man branded a heretic by the church celebrated like the messiah in the german city of alms. museum where their brother mountain. we could still turn back here. on venice and if death itself were waiting me i would not turn back you unleashed on. martin luther on his way to the imperial diet of forms and assembly of the holy roman empire on german soil an event that would change the course of history. never before had a man of the people excited such enthusiasm ordinary people peasants and members of the lower aristocracy in particular put their hopes in this month that.

even if the pope and the amphora were against him martin luther knew the people of germany were on his side. he was celebrated like a victim but his biggest test was still to come would he remained steadfast. right you're taking a difficult path i wouldn't want to be in your shoes to. his highness. he covered his feet under started a song and now it might prove too high for my voice so often to choose a support did nothing to relieve his anxiety what would be contested behind these doors wasn't a man. who had the right place it's a new thing it was

a matter of life and death. germany in the early sixty's century did not exist as a united political entity territorial princes ruled over their own regions of the ten million german speakers one in ten lived in towns the rest in the countryside. the dominant belief was one of a god given order of rulers and the ruled one empire one face one emperor it was the idea that held the holy roman empire of the german nation together but it was beginning to unravel. at first the only criticized abusive practices of the church nepotism corruption and waste but then he publicly rejected any into meijer between man and gone. he singled out the dignitaries of the roman catholic church who he said behaved

like princes rather than priests. only the bible was infallible. luther accused gone's representatives on earth of hubris after layer the tenth was crowned pope in fifteen thirteen he was more an arts page than an ecclesiastical leader holding cold with pomp and extravagance to underline his power and glory. this pope from the power from the family wasn't interested in theology since god has given us the papacy he said let us enjoy it. transformed rome into a cultural center and political power but he depleted the papal treasury in the process. he commissioned a massive renovation of some peter's basilica in the vatican to pay for it leo encourage the sale of indulgences and exemption from punishment for sins.

luther maintained only the mercy of jesus could himself sin not money. the only path to salvation was face not dean's his ninety five theses attacking corrupt church practices were quick to second acted across the country the pope threatened luther with excommunication but luther responded by public and burning the bull from the monk motivated solely by his conscience. the reformation was triggered by the dispute over indulgences luther was convinced that believers were being duped and that their salvation was in jeopardy loyd beginning. he believed the indulgences were lolling people into a false sense of security with disastrous consequences. the fatah list by the time luther was summoned to the diet of the pope had already branded him a heretic. he was given the opportunity to recant before the emperor of princes and

nobles of the empire if he did not he faced an imperial ban and death. decision day had arrived. he must recount. luther must recant or he'll burn unless he finds powerful supporters luther already had frederick the wise elector of saxony had watched his rebellious subjects popularity grow and he sympathized with his criticisms of the roman catholic church and so he will rouse the emperor's rules one way or another. much of the empress rule has been the role of the gall to call to us. frederick the wise was powerful he was one of seven electors in the empire who chose the emperor of the others with among grave of brandon book the king of bohemia the count

palatine of the rhine and the archbishop's of cologne months and treat. any candidate for king and emperor had to make concessions to the powerful princes that also was true of the hapsburg and for a chance the fifth who was elected in fifty nineteen. the new vive and his election wasn't without controversy if there was opposition and skepticism. the roman curia had a different candid if god was there with very strong reservations because of his immensely powerful position. and that was prejudice against him as it was viewed as a foreigner in the employ of over which he now presided the imminence keyser for. the hapsburg empire i was unfamiliar with germany and its people even as ruler of the world he could not override the german princes the image he cultivated wasn't

just posturing charles was right in saying the sun never sets on his empire. his prayer book has survived to this day it doesn't just testify to the hapsburg ruthless piety one page depicts the most powerful man on earth kneeling at the feet of a guardian angel. the page shows signs of wear and ten an indication perhaps of the young and for his insecurity. as a devout catholic charles was determined to silence the heretic from the end but the german princes forced him to him out. the end. who spoke no german was represented at the diet of vons by the archbishop of trias legal advisor the empire's top tier witnesses to an unequal jewel a german david against a supremely powerful goliath. vs n.t.f.s.

and it were gathered here to put an end to the blasphemous lie a spread by dr knot in luther from that under the new town i was fifty that. with heretics zeal yes cast doubts on paper law thora t. his writings to question the author of the of the church and in so doing he has destroyed the unity of all christians. martin luther are you ready to recount your life's an iris here and now you get so if you don't hold. even news has powerful supporters advised him to recant. no one can deny that through the pope's laws the consciences of the faithful have been almost pitifully troubled. on does and also that the possessions of the germination have been devoured by unbelievable tyranny that if then i recant the

only effect will be to add strength to such tyranny to open not the windows but the main doors to such blasphemy. vanished unless i am convinced by the testimony of scripture or by clear reason i cannot and will not recant anything. so help me god. a man. luther's appearance before the diet of alms went down in history is a turning point in european history but luther didn't have the benefit of hindsight

he dared to stand up to the most powerful man on the planet perhaps because he knew he wasn't alone. and then to lose the new he had a far reaching social reform movement beyond him as and that enabled him to act the way he did involves in volved in the towns we have the support of the middle class the intellectual elite associated with the humanists in london as well as to a degree the backing of the imperial nightstand and a portion of the clergy supported him to die it is clear was all this coincided with the calculated use of a nascent power of the media the battle to shape public opinion began involves. it was the first propaganda war in european history fought by followers and opponents of the reform of the friar from a german backwater became an international household name one placed on an equal footing with the pope in the fight for the one true faith.

thousands of flyers were printed some portrayed luther is a saint stuffing the greedy mouth of the roman demon others portrayed him as a divider and a messenger of the devil as a satanic heretic doomed and damned. this visual propaganda in the form of caricature was once a reach people who couldn't read. in the battle for hearts and minds looters supporters made headway but ultimately it was up to the end for it to pass judgement on the reform or. perhaps. ruler made his position on luthor clear since the king of the germans didn't speak german he composed it in french. how many fish do you understand what he's saying. you don't need to understand french to know he has it in for lou

there's a lot on the top and the lickin those are his design if you're concerned about him . day to day these are. whatever the empress ponders can only end one way i miss you most often is. the day you know he wants to see luther burns. to do that he has to get him first he's so you this. in the edict of charles the fifth declared luther an enemy of the church and state he held a previously issued guarantee of safe conduct but as soon as it expired luther was to be arrested and punished would it come to that. luther set off to return to that and that but the journey was interrupted.

what was that hunters a god. yes and i know who they're hunting too. deep in the woods foresman ambush luther's carriage. when he goes in they don't want you. luthor had been briefed on the plan what looked like a kidnapping was in fact a rescue operation. to prevent the implementation of the edict of the reformer was bundled off to a secret location. oh it was the door so implementing the forms was difficult for the under offered and from a league. the perspective is he had no executive organs to enforce in out there and he depended on the willingness of the regional differences to publish the edict and enforce it and in that territory i trust and understand these as it is naturally

frederick the wise and that no such intention to allege for those devise it doc that gun is done. luther's princely protect a had different plans frederick the wise head the reformer advanced book castle now eyes enough in his area of jurisdiction. as a territorial prince the electorate of saxony made use of his autonomy to secretly defy the amphora. the persecuted reformer was given a comfortable room and found poor counsel he was to want for nothing. though forced into hiding luther had not been silenced his writings spread across europe. faced with an unknown period of confinement luther decided to make good use of his time.

he adopted a pseudonym. and changed his appearance. and he began a revolutionary work a translation of the bible into german luther wanted the word of gaunt to be accessible to everyone including lay readers he rejected church doctrine that maintained the pope was the sole authority even temperature of scripture his followers would come to be called evangelical from the latin and german words for gospel. it took luther just a few weeks to complete his translator. of the new testament into german. a new communications technology gave him fast access to a wide audience the printing press.

the individual letters would cost back to front laid out in galleys and fixed in position the ink was made of linseed oil insert a formula which produced pages that haven't faded in centuries the sheet was printed in the press this device later lent its name to an entire branch of media the press. at the start of the sixteenth century there were four hundred printing facilities in the german speaking world. a lot as print shop in fifth and back was the first to publish luther's new testament in september fifteenth twenty two. with sixty six reprints the work had had a run of one hundred thousand copies by fifteen twenty five it was the first

bestseller in german history. his translation wasn't always literal he used everyday language with colloquial turns of phrase. the new testament in german a translation by martin luther. travelling books on as often as bible for sale at markets demand was huge. concert when you read yes and then read. the cuff a sample come and listen listen to what he's reading the new testament in germany off my address comment about. at a time of widespread illiteracy reading out loud was a common practice. once that soon be just forget i'm leaked it and then got discussed. won't feel it i sure. can feel i and others come i'm

a bit further on blake then what's the words of the bible in the language of the germans. leave sonny you know that suzy. is going to see my father. through. financial sacrifice desire on the good. news that's going to. lose his translation of the complete bible was published in german in fifteen twenty four an original copy is preserved in the anna amalia library environment. luther's work had a profound impact on the development of the german language the author dedicated it to his protecting the electoral saxony his bible led to standardise ation of the german language which in turn fostered a stronger sense of common identity among german speakers.

who does luther's bible translation didn't just serve to strengthen the sense of community within the protestant movement it also had a long term impact on the german nation as a whole. his language became the language of literature. interestingly and unbeknown to them catholics were also impacted by this development if it happened behind their back so to speak them. fast. it wasn't just the bible that spread from that back but so too did lose his reformation teachings neither would have been possible without the protection of the same. and prince but frederick the wise never fully embraced luther's teachings and remained a catholic all is life. hold

up in forecastle luther was aware of the debt he owed the prince for his protection he also knew that in return the elector expected luther's loyalty that loyalty was put to the test by development that shook wide swathes of german speaking europe and brought those regions to the brink of outright civil war. a bloody uprising staged by peasants demanding greater rights and freedom encouraged by luther's reformation ideas they used his arguments to justify their evolves the presence will pose the deep dilemma for luther. should he stay true to his conscience or to his princely protector. war the president's war panorama in franken hausen is one of the largest paintings

in the world in great detail it depicts the first revolution on german soil emboldened by the religious reform movement the peasants sought to overthrow the feudal system under which they were bound to the estates of nobleman and forced to give up most of what they produced. the revolt was sparked by opposition to new taxes and fees on the german service and based on their interpretation of scripture paying a time is on the fruits of the earth had long been exacted on the peasant as a form of church tax. but now the lord saw to extend this. payments to the possession of animals the tax collector is invoked divine law to justify their demands.

luther's translation of the bible into german allowed people to verify those demands by consulting scripture themselves. it's a complete injustice to take that ties to animals to. the consulate's how dare you don't the rightfulness of our actions. those who possess large stock have to pay a times for them that's what it says in the bible up parish priest have vouchers for a doctor. how old is what we voted for ourselves in the days of the bible says nothing of the sort but watch yourself your lot in mouth will undo you you will pay a tithe on old your animals either that or in coins and if you don't see you in court on this day and you were the emperor the judge we would be as steadfast as dr luther extortionist. of so. many peasants refused to continue tolerating such conditions luther was their role model and the burden should be

laced shoes the emblem of never evolved. when the conflict threatened to escalate the peasants called for luther the reformer left his hiding place invite book counsel and travel to the rebels in the hope of defusing the situation. luthor that shown how to resist the all thirty of the emperor and pope both townspeople and peasants now wanted to follow his example. i was a god if god spoke german yes i tell you yes. yeah how else would he have understood your prayers he had to be the first one god has understood them

and he has ons of them done on their hearts yet. is that's also true for the prayers of us doesn't he said about one. the peasants expected luther to side with them. god turned out he bought god also he is the peasants and he sees the injustice done to them. but fighting injustice with injustice is not a goal is will it's the will of the devil puts. luther distanced himself from the peasants when violence broke out in may fifteen twenty five they also targeted members of the high in ability. yes this is now it's your turn count. you to meet

your judgement hasn't so be it go. to bloodshed triggered a radical change of heart a new found female soul the devil at work and even appeal to the gym and princes to crush the peasants. let whoever can stab strangle and kill them like mad dogs. luther described the war against the peasants as a battle against the forces of evil. the decisive battle took place near franken hausen in fear in jeff six thousand peasants lost their lives. advocated the preservation of divinely appointed to secure his reformation he sacrificed the peasants.

to. the end of a people's hero. was the peasants and the reformer were not seeking the same types of freedom. the goals of fighting that fight the core issue at the time was the term freedom of the term had different meanings for different players. it meant first and foremost the freedom of a christian daughter does in the pass and it meant the freedom from jews and bond with daughter to this day for the princes it was the political freedom to rule their territories for fools and it was a similar story for the town magistrate as florian on the end of his of. one man's freedom was another man's loss catholic property was lost to the church wherever rulers adopted the new face in outselling saxony the monastery was

disbanded the building turned into a quarry. the end it was a fete the oldest indian priory in that neighborhood was spared. the electoral sacks and he gave the property to his famous subject martin luther and his new family. and in june fifteenth twenty five martin luther married the former nun catalina fun for the reformer had called for the abolition of celibacy in his earliest writings . luther's married life was not untouched by political upheaval my bet is no latin and five bedroom no not just these last lines it's urgent people are waiting. at forty two the former monk became the master of

his own household and a happy husband god gave me cater and i don't want to give her up not for france nor for venice. commonalities cold anything. is lent over that already been transferred by. endeavor to dr luther himself is supposed to have said twice a long time not have it. well then it must be right. catalina and martin luther founded an institution. the clerical marriage had a tremendous impact on cultural history because it effectively ended religions demonization of sexuality for teufel long sexuality masters also made of flesh and blood wasn't mentioned off life not mass age and it was a bombshell after the not just for luke that's contemporary can austin i wanted nobody inside could not. as you know bomber. the

reformation didn't just revolutionize family life with its emphasis on the sermon it also transformed religious services. the core messages depicted above the altar of the church in the salvation cannot be earned through good works sacraments or indulgences. the. salvation is attained only through the grace of god. there was no longer any into major e between god and humankind neither a pope nor a church. luther had paved the way to a new world order. charles the fifth was determined to prevent its emergence after the edict yvonne's he'd left germany to wage war on numerous fronts. neglecting the struggle

against the reformation. protestantism spread now charles decided to reassert his authority is the chief defender of catholic christendom he would restore the old order one amphora one empire one church. after the pope agreed to crown him and for a in bologna a in february fifteenth thirty charles traveled to germany with his army of mercenaries there was a renewed showdown with luther's followers this time at the diet of book. the chancellor of saxony christiane bear spoke for the protestants. your majesty in this document we have laid down the basic doctrine of our faith in god the lutherans wanted

a settlement. for judge unity it would suffice if there was agreement on the teaching of the gospel and administration of the sacraments they sought to sever their faith from the papal hierarchy and rome. but the confession of our expert that laid down the call lutheran doctrine was rejected by both the emperor and the papal envoy. the emperor will startle your new confessional however he believes only the roman curia is qualified and intitled to compose texts of this nature of. that tax lacks any polemical antagonism with regard to the church in rome and indeed if any text ever had a shot at facilitating an agreement it was the outs book confession he tried to help her to the new confession of the start. a lot of time has

past sins of orms the ideas are not confined to this book they are out there in the world. so. soon. xylem his majesty regrets not having eliminated the heretic and his ideas and ones involving. the lutheran powers knew that a confrontation with the emperor was just a matter of time. made these or was this document peace is within reach everyone may keep their faith wherever they are and without feeling constrained or threatened if. charles hope to turn back the clock he was ready for the battle against prost and princes towns and landholders if necessary he would settle the protestant challenge by force of arms. design in my estate his majesty isn't afraid of war he gives you six months before his mercenaries enforce peace if we have. been outspoken

charles reinstated the edict of warm condemning luther. once again the lutheran princes left a diet under protest and the noun protestants was coined a label for the new political identity. by the mid sixteenth century only the bavarian hartman's parts of bohemia and austria as well as the territories to the west of the rhine remained roman catholic pope had lost all influence across the rest of the empire. luther and self had only been able to follow the events in out spoke from afar. does talk as though that ended without the protestants the news for now spoke was bleak. you know it's bad.

a military showdown was looming lived his life's work was in danger he had only wanted to reform the church but again at the wrath of the highest authorities he'd wanted to liberate christians but had fostered strife. there i do knows what god wants and what plans he has for us germans. martin luther sense that the conflict with the church and the emperor was coming to a head a peaceful solution was not in sight. this is the first map of protestant germany drawn up by the cartographer sebastian minster in the mid sixteenth century the borders between the principalities play as insignificant a role as the who run an empire but this vision was threatened by the specter of an

empire about to strike back. fearing the worst protestants rally together in the town of. the but. the eighteen princes and representatives from twenty eight towns in the empire joined forces in a new defensive alliance. they demanded the right to choose their religion in their territories. the document drawing up the league in april fifteenth forty seven the alliance was put to the test. as troops approached the river elbe from the west closing in on the unsuspecting forces of the county and camped on the east and bank.

the protestants led by john frederick of saxony trusted in god. by i have news from the scouts of the emperor has advanced as far as allows a state of its followers on here still have to cross the aisle that buys a stun gun sight sight time enough to prepare the warm welcome the emperor deserves and found. the protestant army felt safe on the other side of the river which it deemed impossible for the emperor's artillery . but charles was determined to take the initiative on the cover a sick funk his soldiers folded that elba cut down the guards and secured a floating bridge. if it succeeded the surprise attack would route the troops.

wounded the men under john frederick trusted ingall and wait for the emperor's troops banked on the element of surprise. the for . the stealthy attack caused panic among the forward scouts of the small county glee. you. know for. the first. dressed in splendid charles arrived wholly unexpected while most of his infantry

had crossed the floating bridge the cavalry found a ford higher up stream. his defeat of the protestants at the battle of mubarak was decisive it was the portrayed by titian commemorating his victory had charles reached his goal of returning germany to the empires fall of the two after his triumph on the battlefield the emperor went on to capture the town where everything and begun that in the. but the man he had declared an enemy of the state was no longer alive. the great reformer had died at the age of sixty two one year before the battle of mubarak in february fifteenth forty six. a quarter of a century after the diet of vaughan's the emperor and counted the reformer again at least his tomb in the castle chechens written back.

the victorious habsburg ruler wanted to see the grave of his anniversary with his own eyes. dead or alive but he's a heretic and cats are. most famous burn. joined should we get them out. charles was advised to dig up and burn the heretics bones. feel the quake by wage war with the living not the dead. luther's tomb was closed. what remains notice long for us to give luther's long term impact on germany and the germans is to cultural and more specifically the linguistic achievement which through this translation of the bible has had repercussions far beyond the protestant territories does he know he also had a political impact that he supported the development of territorial states of the

modernity and in this respect you could say that luther advanced the federalized station of germany is a young man's father. luther's vision of a new faith surge division the church in germany fractured into the good. with the loss of church unity the old political order to was irretrievably lost. princes towns and entire regions embrace to. his doctrine. yet the man who found refuge in the casa left behind fall more than a theological legacy. martin luther's appearance involves was a rallying cry not only for freedom of religion but also for freedom in secular offends in germany and elsewhere his translation of the bible laid the foundation for a nation bound together by a common language luther was a unifying and

a divider his legacy has shaped german history five centuries. it's reformation day w. programs around the clock marking its five hundred the first three.

and one church held to congregations to because it's what i'm used to i only know interconnection a protestant some catholics worship under one roof in some parts of germany the point is they tried centuries but it isn't always peace love and harmony everywhere a challenge and an opportunity and one into confessional churches in germany divided and here tonight in. thirty minutes w. . meet the germans new and surprising aspects of life and culture in germany. us american news that takes a look at german idiosyncrasies at their traditions every day lives and language just a lot of. young good. looking guy r t w dot com the germans.

when cities are ingolf by the sea. all the dams wall and costly protective measures will have been. nothing. what's. the future starting november nights on d w. the whole d w one up. for in focus global insights you are one up. for in focus global insights the news out for local heroes. w made for mines. in new york at least eight people have been killed and dozens more injured in

a car ramming in lower manhattan.