church in berlin, what most people only see when it hits the headlines they've experienced in everyday life discrimination because that juice is of actor and it's real and it never went away. it can be subtle, it can be in your face. sometimes antisemitism can be hard to recognize, even in yourself, but no, no, no, don't run away. manuel smith, only you don't necessarily have to have a malicious intention to say something anti semitic. long as i described myself as a liberal, ju, them with here we have a tradition oriented community. there was one bad incident where some one drove by the synagogue on a motorbike and shouted heil hitler. had he told me this was during drop off time for the kansas daycare agreement when the lot of parents bring their children the can nothing ons, onward. and then at a party, someone said to me, how did hitler forget one or something from what i was out of hitler was the

dictator of nazi germany, responsible for the systematic murder of 6000000 jews or the man and bona. as a jew, what do you do in a situation like that? it's um, amazon pretty hot, dont, catherine. i was interviewing. it was supposed to be for a feature in a major german magazine, the door just like got afterward and we had a coffee and we were sitting together. and then out of nowhere came, the question is what come on, let's be honest with juice. it's always about the money, right, and you get so little and you just think wait a minute and i hear that right. i just have to go home. and that's just one trip that's been doing the rounds for centuries. in fact, anticipating traits on nothing new. they've been passed down and reappear in every era repackaged and seemingly shiny and new for the next generation. all on says an anti semitism comes in many different forms. miriam venza director

of frankfort jewish museum, germany. so let's look at that example about wealth and money. as to which is the sum to the rule. historically, jews will exclude it from many professions in europe. few from oscar for from and among the jobs they were allowed to do was additionally dealing with her coins either or exchanging money that gave it vixen the thought that was the case in the early modern period. and that led to the idea that jews have something to do with money. go for one home. times of crisis provide particularly fertile ground for spreading anti semitic tropes and conspiracies. an age old and murky myth, the hidden hand. you can see it, it's not there, but there is an assumption that there is some something sinister. i read up not history, professor george washington university. we saw it even in cases like the covert pandemic. right. all these questions of who exactly benefits from the covert and

then implying that actually it's a conspiracy of a jewish, you know, ah, are businessmen and peer and the companies that are producing the arm of the vaccine and so on. it's a convenient idea that there's a small group of people secretly controlling the world. in reality, it's an ungrounded conspiracy theory that's really old. this is natalie's, but of course is absolutely the coal, antisemitic narrative, etc. and it's a christian one of these and costly stuff. this hidden hand is a baseless anti semitic trope, date him back as far as the middle ages, when christianity strove to become the dominant religion in europe and began to persecute james if i ask him for school. and that means that the conspiracy theory that jews are doing something in secret is always part of the mobilization of feelings on which in turn leads to acts of violence from provide humdrum through

near has learned i often wonder what the germans actually say over a family christmas dinner, for example, if anti semitic conspiracy theories come up at the table, do you stay silent or do you speak up madame what i like my mouth. he should say something because ignoring antisemitism won't make it magically go away. let's stay in germany for a while. so why does it seem like it's so difficult for a lot of germans to confront antisemitism today? maybe because they see it as something gone and overcome java does what i think a lot of people associate anti semitism only with world war 2 that hitler created anti semitism and it was all over 945. and that's just completely a historical hers. so that's another thing, antisemitism isn't just a nazi thing. but although jews were long subjected to violence, expulsions, false conversions, and systematic prosecution,

the nazi era was undoubtedly without parallel. starting in 1933, the nazis used antisemitic legislation and propaganda to create a culture of segregation and hostility all over nazi occupied europe. jews were eventually detained in ghettos and deported to concentration or death camps where they were subjected to force labor atrocities and mass murder. by the time nazi germany surrendered, 6000000 jews had been met at the minute. we automatically think that the step next after on some it isn't, is already holocaust. we find that problematic to identify the more sinister ah, demo, mundane the discriminatory practices, the tropes, a de trafficking of of stereotypes that is not to move to magically tomorrow is living. god forbid, for a complete nihilism in the genocidal practices underneath the. so you're an anti

semite only if you say you should go to the gas chambers that wouldn't anything else is a legitimate criticism of another thing in the home. so don't be mistaken. the ball for anti semitism isn't set up, murder. it can also sound like this order with our if you look pretty for a do that. what does that do to a person? my math. does van minor or ma? notice it when my grandmother gives me. mazda crocker is on passover, and i put them in the car and she says, no, never leave them lying around, hide them. i don't want my neighbor to see that were jewish, and there are a lot of jews and my circle of friends who aren't open about being jewish because they've had bad experiences with anti semitism. it's just stressful for me to pretend 247. so i'm open about being jewish. if someone has a problem with that, they should just come and sorted out with me as long as i'm mccloud. if that was good before she knew, i think there are many different reactions because it's quite distinct. and even on the same person, there's the feeling of i know that i'll get my suitcase out because i have to be

better prepared for what's happening. you perfume, can i really permanently belong to society here? and though am i sufficiently protected? where do i move to live in for some jeez, that one place they can feel safe. is israel, the world's only jewish state? since 1950 jews from all over the world and gentle convert to judaism, are entitled to settle in israel and receive full israeli citizenship. if they wanting from me ask for me as a practicing jew, it's meaningful when i can celebrate jewish holidays there and. and it's a safe haven, i know there's also the feelings or there's a country that is that there's a place on to simply b, m. and to maybe not handle the feeling of being in a minority language to skip through to. hm. and, and i'm in the hopes design, this had his 2 cushion launched and that, that historically been of great importance to jews. mom dad, walking down the street wearing my star of david and knowing that nothing will happen is an incredible feeling and situ unblocked,

which is good food. i still don't nights urine. but the decades since the founding of the state of israel, i have seen a new facet of antisemitism and much israel related anti semitism. more often than not political events linked to israel, also prompt rise in antisemitic attacks. way beyond israel's borders. especially when there's a flare up in these railey palestinian conflict the by that and conflicting as soon as there is conflict in israel, the atmosphere here immediately becomes tougher. how far more uncomfortable for some i from resume within the next year. what's always been irritating for me is when i say i'm jewish and then people criticize me for israel's policies or blame me for them. i don't have an israeli passport, i can't vote there. i don't have the right to vote there. i don't have a say in the political situation and i'm not israeli. or, and it's been kinda is ellen went hard when someone asked me that,

what do you think about what's going on in israel right now? i'm and without an accusatory undertone, and without i know, like what are you in people doing there again, but simply, what do you make of it? then of course i answer them normally, but it's not what you say. it's how you say it. how about even the tool? nothing. was he so jews all over the world are not responsible for israeli policy. of course, the israeli government can be criticized. but why do you draw the line between anti semitism and political debate? i would draw the line up in several cases, demonstrating not in front of the israeli embassy, but in front of a synagogue that's already starting to blurred the lie laundry light. anita, thanks hon. hopefully learn there. you already see in one of the central problems in criticism of these reli government's policy, this very often connotation of questioning the right to exist. harvison was since combined to from which, forcing jews to ah,

whether day we talk about israel or not automatically when they enter into the room, state your position. aw, regarding israel or your pro or again, you have to stated very clearly up front. this is also, you know, if not borderline and cynicism, if it's up front and position it automatically assume dad, i ever would you purge the finish and by, ah, them being jewish are in a way, agents of the israeli government and so on and full. and so forth. ready so how to handle this political hot potato, not talk about it at all the thing, but he often be thankful. that's why i'm a bit cautious about this idea that you mustn't talk about israel at all now. and that of course, is real close to us. and of course it means more to us than many other countries. but yes, you can just talk about it normally in a mile to the most brutal. psych criticizing israeli policy find conflating israeli

state policy and jewish life. not fine and ulten, anti semitic the world over jews experience antisemitism. no matter when or where. and ultimately it boils down to the same tropes, the same prejudices, the same hatred battling it is arduous. and yet there's so much more to being jewish than fighting this hatred that effect on death, vincent that's perhaps something i'd wish for continuing to take a look at active jewish life and showing what's actually happening to that. i see that because there's always a great danger on the jewess side to there that you only think within these dimensions of anti semitism. and you actually forget the positive sides of bed with his upper what i can't identify with that victim role at all, cause i always wear my star of david openly. i walked through the streets of hellenic as a proud jewish woman. mm.

ah ah ah, with

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