Decision Support Systems (DSSs) are computer-based decision aids to use when making decisions which are partially amenable to rational decision-making procedures but contain elements where intuitive judgment is an essential component. In such situations, DSSs are used to improve the quality of decision-making. The DSS approach is based on Simon's (1960) bounded rationality model of decision-making. Replacing that model with a more detailed model of decision-making would increase the usefulness of DSSs. Janis and Mann's (1978) conflict theory of decision-making sees most significant decisions to be somewhat stressful. The challenge of a threat or an opportunity starts a decision-making process in which four questions are asked, resulting in the possibility of five basic outcomes: (1) unconflicted adherence, in which the person determines that the best course of action is to do nothing; (2) unconflicted change, in which the most immediately available alternative is selected without further consideration; (3) defensive avoidance, in which the problem is ignored; (4) hypervigilance, in which panic sets in; and (5) vigilance, in which a full and effective search of the alternatives can be made. The model also contains a Decisional Balance Sheet with which to evaluate decisions. This model of decision-making should enable the decision support model to be extended in a way which suggests new approaches to using computers as decision aids, especially in the area of career guidance. (NB)
