>> this is "bbc world news america." funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, newman's own foundation, giving all profits to charity and pursuing the common good for over 30 years, and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers use their -- to help provide capital for key strategic decisions.

we offer expertise and tailored solutions in a wide range of industries. what can we do for you? now, "bbc world news america." , robertting from london lagarde cast his ballot to stay on as president of zimbabwe. it gives military-backed government orders the supporters of mohammed morsi to stop the protests now or face the consequences. the bbc obtain remarkable footage from world war ii. it shows pow camps and were shot by french prisoners themselves.

welcome to our viewers on public television in america and also around the globe. the people of zimbabwe turned out in huge numbers today to elect their new president. they may decide it is time for a change. the 89-year-old who has led the country for more than three decades faces a serious challenge from the prime minister. they ran against each other back in 2008 and the result then was both controversial and violence. we have more, and a warning there is a flash photography. those in worried zimbabwe lined up before sunrise to cast their ballot. it has been an unusual election by zimbabwe's standards, largely free of violence. >> you know the outcome must be

expected in this election. >> there are accusations of foul play. they believe the state is against him. for 33 years, zimbabwe has only ever known one leader, leader,mugabe is seeking a further five-year mandate from the people, at the age of 89. he said if he loses this time, he will step down. >> people are voting very freely and they are very happy about it. >> president robert mugabe is seeking his seventh term in office. people he believes the of zimbabwe still have faith in his party. they are the ones who will

ultimately decide whether it is free, fair, and credible. they open promptly at 7:00 this morning. there has not been any serious incident. >> the days ahead will be tense as the polls close and the counting begins. the question zimbabwe's will be asking is will it herald the end of an era or will it be a messy and disputed outcome? washingtonned from by a reporter from the institute for policy studies. it's great to see an election take place in zimbabwe that as far as we can see has been peaceful. the expected results to be fair? >> the world is watching,

without a doubt, with bated breath. it is encouraging that there were signs of -- there were no signs of an outright violence today. there are concerns of intimidation still. before thefive days election results are announced. the coming days will foretell what is to come. but i think quite honestly, the people of zimbabwe, like people in tunisia and egypt and around the world, want to choose their leaders freely and hold them accountable. it is simple request. you see people in the cold and zimbabwe's standing in long lines to be able to have that power to determine their future. >> a lot is on the line. 89 years old, he has been in power for 33 years. he said at the people don't vote for him, he will step down. do you take him at his word? >> it is difficult not to be quite frank. and ars in office,

machinery that some say not only instigated the violence and intimidation in 2008, but machinery that is still very much in favor of continuing the status quo in zimbabwe. generals thatof want to maintain power at all costs, even if mugabe himself would be willing to step down. clearly the people of zimbabwe are wanting to have a new way forward. there is a new constitution that was really endorsed by so many people throughout the country. there is a sense that there needs to be a new road forward for a zimbabwe and for all of the people, regardless of their political party affiliation. workersortantly for the of zimbabwe, those who have really suffered under tight economic circumstances but are looking for different political process and an economic process

that meets their needs. >> we have seen the economy improved. might that change this result? >> the hope is there will be more a possibility. zimbabwe has actually recorded record growth over the last few years. in spite of a previous process where inflation was at historic highs. --und the world there were it is an economy that is still resources,t we have platinum, gold, diamonds. it is an incredibly rich country that was the breadbasket of the region and it has the potential to have a thriving economy that meets the needs of all. >> we will have to leave it there. thank you for joining me from washington. today, he dips military-backed government called for supporters of deposed president mohammed morsi to abandon their mass

since immediately or face consequences. it comes after weeks of large protest weeks to the government now claims are a threat to national security. thank you for joining us from cairo. it has been going on for a while, these protests. why is the government saying that want to end them today? >> certification we have had signs in the past few days, this is something the interim cabinet very much wants. statement basically said it authorize the interior ministry which controls the police forces here to take action to clear these two main protest sites, one of which is in the east of close toe other one cairo university. commentse been a few

from the interior minister saying steps would be taken, there would be warnings given, but then we understand that we use crowd dispersal methods. they have water cannons and perhaps teargas to try to disperse the crowds. but members of the muslim brotherhood which are leading the protest said they will not be moved, they will not recognize the legitimacy of this new government. they are still calling for the reinstatement of mr. morsi. it looks likely if there is some move to try to move the protesters, that it will lead to further bloodshed and violence. already we have had in just the last month clashes in egypt, more than 260 people killed. in the early hours of saturday morning, there were more than 70 people killed at the main protest site near the mosque. >> i imagine the government is pretty keen to avoid scenes of

violence like we have seen in the past, aren't they? >> i would have thought so, too. there is certainly a lot of pressure coming from the international community in particular at the moment. we have had those comments from the eu foreign policy chief who was able to visit mr. morsi just a day ago. we have had comments from the u.s. state department in the past few hours, calling on egypt to recognize the rights of freedom of assembly, including sit-in's. expecting visits from those two u.s. senators, lindsey graham and john mccain, within the coming days. pressure on this government to include all political forces including the muslim brotherhood in dialogue and reconciliation, but at the moment, that is not happening. >> there has been a dramatic

increase in civilian casualties in afghanistan. a new un report says the number of civilians wounded or killed has risen by almost 25% compared with last year. it suggests insurgents are taking advantage of nato troops withdrawing in order to retake lost territory. i spoke with the former american ambassador to afghanistan. this does not bode well for the future of the country, does it? >> very disturbing, especially when you look at the number of women and children killed, the percentage has gone up by over 35%. thatems that in the areas the coalition is leaving, there is an increased effort by the taliban to take over, using indiscriminate methods. disturbing and shocking report. >> what does it suggest for

long-term stability of the country? >> it indicates that the fight for the future of afghanistan will intensify and that the taliban and their friends will try to test the afghan forces. and perhaps make an effort to take over significant areas including some towns. i think the war in afghanistan is not coming to an end, it is entering a new face perhaps in a post 2014, there will be a period of intense a vacation. if the taliban fails to succeed, then i think prospects for a negotiated settlement might improve. >> we've seen a recent uptick in violence in iraq as well. i wanted to ask if you think

there are comparisons here between the two countries, the instability that follows american withdrawal. the withdrawal from iraq should be a lesson for the government in afghanistan because in the aftermath of that with crawl and without an agreement to keep some residual forces in iraq, the sectarian increasedn syria has 540 alhe release of some qaeda folks from the jail has increased a surge in al qaeda activities and control of areas in iraq. negative andy

threatening development. >> if you could offer one piece of advice to president obama in the white house, what would it be to try to mitigate the problems we are seeing in afghanistan? efforts are two key that he needs to be attentive to and make sure that come out right. one is the security agreement between the united states, nato, and allies in afghanistan for a residual presence after 2014. the sooner that is concluded, the more beneficial effect it will have on shaping people's calculation, including the taliban. the second is a political transition in afghanistan. there will be an election next year, and the more credible the election, the more transparent election, the better election and the more positive effect it will have. those are the two big challenges

i believe will shape the post- 2014 environment in afghanistan. >> thank you very much for joining us there from washington. you are watching bbc world news america. the alaskan village could soon be washed away. tonight we take you to see why -- there was a time at the end of may and beginning of june when our headlines were dominated by turkey, specifically the protests sparked by the redevelopment of an easton ballpark. instanbul park. the conquests are written on the skyline. every leader who rules istanbul tries to reshape it. turkish governments want to change the way this city looks,

perhaps more so than any other administration in decades. but in this city, construction is political. so the government's ambition has run into trouble. the prime minister wants to transform this area into replica up military barracks. he has big ambitions. beyond experiencing the results this is theion, most important area for him. is goinghe does here to affect the public. >> the city is also bidding for the 2020 olympics. the dogss the games,

will be turned into the home of a new bosphorus stadium -- the docks. the government has tried to change a look and even the nature of its country's biggest city. but its ambition now faces resistance. imposing a vision may come at a cost. >> now to alaska where a community is under threat. earlier this week we told you about the battle between the fishing and mining industry. tonight, it is a fight against mother nature which could wipe out a way of life. water has been rising, and it may cause a village to soon disappear. settlement on the far northwest coast of alaska.

home to four hundred indigenous people whose lives depend on hunting and fishing. these waters have sustained them for generations, but now the dramatic warming of the arctic north and retreat of the sea ice has left it cruelly exposed. to protect ited from the worst effects of coastal erosion, but not anymore. in recent years, the village has faced the threat of being washed away, which is why the u.s. army corps of engineers built this defensive wall of rocks to keep the sea at bay. but it is only a temporary solution. the engineers themselves recommend the town could be uninhabitable within a decade. inuitone of several coastal settlements facing imminent destruction. villagers arehese

destined to be america's first climate change refugees. relocating to higher ground cost several hundred million dollars. community leaders in the village responded to their plight by suing a host of big oil companies, claiming they conspired to downplay the link between climate change and carbon emissions. but the case was rejected. supreme heard the u.s. court was not prepared to hear your case, how did you fieldcrest more cracks not surprised. we failed in court -- how did you feel? >> not surprise. we failed in court, but i think we have gotten hopefully the attention of a lot of people who need to be paying attention, because everyone is impacted. here, it is courtit is not just everyone. >> there are no roads, just the vast expanse of alaska's arctic

tundra. and at the most northerly tip of the state, the town of barrow, much closer to the north pole than washington d.c. this is america's very on climate change brought line. with the summer melt under way, this is the last chance to drive over the sea ice without the risk of falling through. the results of years of field work show the ice is getting thinner and younker. it really it -- rarely lasts for more than three or four years. of arctic iceme has fallen by more than half in a generation. all this reflective surface

that we see here is someone keeping the planet cooler. it will be gone. >> alaska significance in the climate story is about calls as well as effect. the north slope is america's biggest oil field. the u.s. is desperate to tap new sources of alaskan oil. 30we have safely drilled wells in the arctic in the 1980's. it can be done. i am confident it will be done. i am confident it will be done safely. >> another oil company in france has looked at the arctic and said the risks are too big, it still would do too much damage. >> the arctic is going to be developed. who do we want in the lead? do want a country like russia,

who doesn't have the same type of environmental standards, to be the first to develop arctic oil? or do you want it to be the united states? >> the arctic is warming faster than any other region on earth. that in turn may encourage more resources exportation in alaska, more carbon emissions, adding to the warming trend. scientists call that a positive feedback effect. for alaskans, on the climate change frontline, and for the planet, it may not be positive at all. >> they are trying to hold back the tide on global warming. now to remarkable film showing the lives of french pows in world war ii. what is remarkable is that it was taken by the prisoners themselves. 1940, the bleak surroundings

, a prison camp holding 5000 french officers. this is the first documentary shot in secret by the prisoners themselves. risking death, they recorded it on secret cameras that were smuggled into the camp in sausages. the 8 millimeter reels were hidden in the soles of their shoes. it is what the field that makes it all the more remarkable. this lieutenant was a former inmate and part of the escape committee. tunnelsg a number of from the hut in which we were barrett. the guards always found them. they were smart. they were looking for the earth we dug out. eventually they did find a way. the germans allow the inmates to build an open-air theater

between the barracks and the wire. now they had half the distance to go and with the crudest of tools, the men set to work. there university professors, mathematicians, geologist, and architects. they calculated the length and direction of the tunnel exactly. this time, the earth was hidden in the seats of the theater. the tunnel was ventilated with empty tins of peas that were stuck together. by september 18, 1943, they were ready to go. there was so little space in the tunnel, we were forced to lie in the fetal position with very little air. some fainted. all the time, we imagined the worst, the german firing squad that would surely be waiting at the end of the tunnel.

course, once they had gone beneath the wire, there were still inside german occupied territory. week.ecaptured within a only a handful made it back here to france, and only one survives to this day. to celebrate, -- to celebrate his 100th birthday, he was recently honored by the city of paris. in 1943, he found his way to vienna where he worked as a nurse in a hospital. preciousy he secured a weekend pass back to paris. within weeks, he had rejoined the war effort and is now fighting for the resistance. >> amazing and brave. that brings the program to close. you can find out much more of the day's news on our web site

and you can check out what we are doing on facebook as well. thanks so much for watching. >> make sense of international news -- at bbc.com/news. >> funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, newman's own foundation, giving all profits to charity and pursuing the common good for over 30 years, and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers work hard to understand the industry you operate in, working to nurture

new ventures and help provide capital for key strategic decisions. we offer expertise and tailored solutions in a wide range of industries. what can we do for you? >> "bbc world news" was presented by kcet, los angeles.

captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> ifill: the obama administration released classified documents today outlining the national security agency's massive collection of domestic phone records. good evening, i'm gwen ifill. >> brown: and i'm jeffrey brown. on the "newshour" tonight: the release comes amid reports of a new n.s.a. spying program on internet activity. we look at the latest revelations and the secret court at the center of the controversy. >> ifill: then, ben bernanke's tenure as federal reserve chairman nears its end, as the debate over who will replace him begins. we examine how that choice could affect the economic recovery. >> brown: egypt's government ordered police to take all means necessary to disband protests in support of the ousted president. margaret warner explores the potential for violence and the