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.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger { display: block; } .icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger { fill: #fff; }.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: block; height: 4rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #ccc; cursor: pointer; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #999; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: none; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999; } .login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus { color: #fff; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button { transform: translateY(-.5rem); } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { background: transparent; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } }.nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search { padding-top: 0; margin-right: .5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { position: relative; top: -5px; right: -3px; fill:; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 5rem; bottom: 0; left: 5rem; z-index: 3; padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem; border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search { display: none; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { background: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 0 .5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { height: 100%; padding: 0; margin-right: 0; -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 1rem; border-radius: 0.5rem; border: none; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } @keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 { 0% { opacity: 0; } 100% { opacity: 1; } } .nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search { animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 .2s forwards; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { display: inline; width: 28px; height: 28px; vertical-align: -14px; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search { fill: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: block; position: static; padding: 1.2rem .2rem; background: transparent; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { width: 13rem; height: 2.8rem; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: reverse; -ms-flex-direction: row-reverse; flex-direction: row-reverse; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: calc(100% - 28px); height: 100%; padding-left: 0; font-size: 1.4rem; text-align: left; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { width: 28px; height: 28px; } }.media-button-1 a.media-button { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 100%; padding: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: left; background: transparent; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { outline: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: inline-block; padding: 0; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 42px; height: 42px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background-color: #333; border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem; } .media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #999; } .media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f00; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { width: auto; height: 5rem; color: #999; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { padding-right: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: inherit; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: none; content: "web"; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button { background: #474747; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background: transparent; } .media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #ffcd27; } .media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #faab3c; } .media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f1644b; } .media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #00adef; } .media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #9ecc4f; } .media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #aa99c9; } } @media (min-width: 1300px) { .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: inline; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button { display: none; } }.media-menu-1 { outline: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -100vh; width: 100%; background-color: #222; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu { top: 100%; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: -100vh; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { position: relative; line-height: normal; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { display: inline-block; position: static; width: auto; height: 5rem; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu,.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: 0; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { font-size: 0; } }.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { position: relative; display: -ms-grid; display: grid; height: 4rem; grid-template-areas: "hamburger empty search user"; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4.3rem 5rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4.3rem 5rem; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; grid-template-rows: 100%; background: #222; border-bottom: 1px solid #333; } .primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; z-index: 2; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav { grid-column-start: hamburger-start; grid-column-end: user-end; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav { display: block; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; grid-area: hamburger; padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; grid-area: search; position: relative; padding: 0; z-index: 1; width: 100%; text-align: right; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav { position: relative; z-index: 3; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 4; grid-area: user; -ms-grid-row-align: stretch; align-self: stretch; -ms-grid-column-align: end; justify-self: end; } .primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: none; font-size: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: uppercase; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { height: 100%; padding: .5rem 1rem; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: block; width: 30px; height: 30px; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .primary-nav-1 { ; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { display: block; z-index: 2; height: 5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: static; float: left; margin-top: 1rem; padding: 0 10px 0 13px; -webkit-transform: translate(0, 0); -ms-transform: translate(0, 0); transform: translate(0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-left: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { float: right; padding-top: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { padding-top: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { background: transparent; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: block; float: right; margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: middle; fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav { fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav { float: right; margin-left: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 login-button.primary-nav { display: block; margin-right: 1rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: inline; } }.search-menu-1 { ; } .search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus { outline-color: #428bca; outline-width: 0.16rem; outline-style: auto; } .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { position: absolute; top: -800px; right: 0; left: 0; z-index: 1; padding: 0 4.5rem; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; } .search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu { overflow: hidden; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { top: -800px; } .search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 4rem; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem; display: block; } .search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu { text-decoration: none; color: #428bca; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { overflow: visible; top: -400px; right: 2rem; left: auto; z-index: 5; padding: 1rem 2rem; transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; color: #333; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15); } .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ""; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { opacity: 0; transition-duration: .2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 5.1rem; opacity: 1; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu { padding: 0; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu { padding-top: 7px; } .search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem 0 0 0; } }.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav { display: block; width: 90px; height: 90px; margin: 0 auto 1rem auto; border-radius: 45px; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.8rem; } .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { font-size: 1.6rem; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: space-evenly; -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; text-align: center; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: inline-block; width: 120px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav { margin-left: 2rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%; grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%; } .media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; grid-column: 1 / 4; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { display: none; } .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { font-size: 1.3rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 0; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { padding-top: 3.5rem; max-width: 160px; } .media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav { padding: 0 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 2; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: block; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%; grid-template-columns: 50% 50%; -ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7]; grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto); grid-column-gap: 3rem; grid-auto-flow: column; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 3; } }.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: none; position: absolute; top: 4rem; right: 0; left: 4rem; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; padding: 0; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden; font-size: 1.4rem; background: #333; } .media-slider-1 .open.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { padding: 1rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: block; top: 0; left: 0; height: auto; overflow-x: visible; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform .2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { left: 0; z-index: 1; height: auto; min-height: 21rem; background: #474747; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform .2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 8rem); } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 0); } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { max-width: 1000px; padding: 1.5rem 0; margin: 0 auto; } }.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav { position: relative; z-index: 3; padding: .8rem 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; background: #333; } .desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav { display: inline-block; padding: 0 15px; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #aaa; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus { color: #fff; } .desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav { width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: -4px; fill: #f00; }.signed-out-dropdown-1 { ; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; top: -1500px; right: 0; z-index: 1; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { top: -1500px; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { transition-duration: 0.5s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { top: 4rem; max-width: 100vw; overflow: auto; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.6rem 2rem; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px); overflow: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { margin: .5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { display: block; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 1rem 2rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { font-size: .8em; color: #999; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { overflow: visible; top: calc(100% + 7px); left: auto; z-index: 5; transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ""; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { border-bottom-color: #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem; color: #333; transition: background .1s ease-out, color .1s ease-out; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem; font-size: .8em; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus { color: #fff; 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MIT 8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Fall 2020

by: MIT OpenCourseWare

Publication date: 2020-09-01

Usage: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Topics: 8.701, nuclear physics, particle physics, nuetrino physics, fermions, bosons, photons, quarks, antiparticles, Higgs physics, QED, quantum electrodynamics, fusion, fission, standard model, Feynman rules, Dirac equation, Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics

Language: English

Instructor: Markus Klute

View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/8-701F20

YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP60Do91PdN978llIsvjKW0au

This is an introductory graduate level course on the phenomenology and experimental foundations of nuclear and particle physics, including the fundamental forces and particles, as well as composites. Emphasis is on the experimental establishment of the leading models, and the theoretical tools and experimental apparatus used to establish them.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA

More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms

More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu

Support OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.

Addeddate: 2021-06-14 18:13:35

Color: color

Identifier: MIT8.701F20

Scanner: Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.4

Sound: sound

Year: 2020

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ITEM TILE

MPEG4

14.1M

L0.1 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Course Overview

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L0.2 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Course Organization

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L0.3 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Teaching Staff

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L0.4 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Literature

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L0.5 Introduction: Early History and People in Nuclear and Particle Physics

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L0.6 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Particles

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L0.7 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Units

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L0.8 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Relativistic Kinematics

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L0.9 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Spin

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L1.1 Fermions, Bosons, and Fields: Quantum Field and Matter

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L1.2 Fermions, Bosons, and Fields: Feynman Diagram

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L1.3 Fermions, Bosons, and Fields: Ranges of Forces

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L1.4 Fermions, Bosons, and Fields: Decays

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L1.5 Fermions, Bosons, and Fields: Reactions

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L2.1 Symmetries: Introduction

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L2.2 Symmetries: Flavor Symmetry

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L2.3 Symmetries: Parity

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L2.4 Symmetries: Charge Conjugation

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L2.5 Symmetries: CP

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L3.1 Feynman Calculus: Introduction

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L3.2 Feynman Calculus: Fermi's Golden Rule

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L3.3 Feynman Calculus: Toy Theory

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L3.4 Feynman Calculus: Higher-Order Diagrams

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L3.5 Feynman Calculus: Divergency

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L4.1 QED: Free Wave Equation

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L4.2 QED: Dirac Equation Solutions

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L4.3 QED: Antiparticles

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L4.4 QED: Photon

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L4.5 QED: Feynman Rules for QED

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L4.6 QED: Examples

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L4.7 QED: Casimir's Trick

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L4.8 QED: Cross Sections

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L4.9 QED: Renormalization and Higher-Order QED Diagrams

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L4.10 QED: Noether's Theorem

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L5.1 QCD: Hadron Production

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L5.2 QCD: Elastic Electron-Positron Scattering

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L5.3 QCD: Feynman Rules in QCD

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L5.4 QCD: Deep Inelastic Scattering

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L5.5 QCD: Asymptotic Freedom

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L5.6 QCD: Hadron Collider

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L6.1 Weak Interactions: Feynman Rules

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L6.2 Weak Interactions: Electroweak Unification

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L6.3 Weak Interactions: Pion Decay

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L6.4 Weak Interactions: Quarks

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L6.5 Weak Interactions: Neutral Current

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L7.1 Higgs Physics: Higgs Mechanism

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L7.2 Higgs Physics: Fermion Masses

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L7.3 Higgs Physics: Production and Decay

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L7.4 Higgs Physics: Current Status

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L8.1 Neutrino Physics: In the Standard Model

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L8.4 Neutrino Physics: Experimental Study

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L8.5 Neutrino Physics: Results of Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

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L8.6 Neutrino Physics: Mass Scale and Nature

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L9.1 Nuclear Physics: Introduction

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L9.2 Nuclear Physics: Binding Energies

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L9.3 Nuclear Physics: Stability

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L9.4 Nuclear Physics: Nuclear Force

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L9.6 Nuclear Physics: Gamma Decay

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L9.7 Nuclear Physics: Fission

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L9.8 Nuclear Physics: Fusion

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L10.1 Instrumentation: Particle Interaction with Matter

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SUBRIP

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L0.1 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Course Overview

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L0.3 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics: Teaching Staff

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L0.5 Introduction: Early History and People in Nuclear and Particle Physics

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L4.9 QED: Renormalization and Higher-Order QED Diagrams

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L4.10 QED: Noether's Theorem

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L5.1 QCD: Hadron Production

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L5.2 QCD: Elastic Electron-Positron Scattering

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L5.3 QCD: Feynman Rules in QCD

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L5.4 QCD: Deep Inelastic Scattering

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L5.5 QCD: Asymptotic Freedom

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L5.6 QCD: Hadron Collider

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L8.6 Neutrino Physics: Mass Scale and Nature

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L9.1 Nuclear Physics: Introduction

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L9.3 Nuclear Physics: Stability

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TORRENT

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