thank you for coming to the last word. that is tonight's last word. i am jonathan kaye part. i will see you on sunday on msnbc. a special hour on americas epidemic violence, enough is enough with stephanie ruhle, starts right now. ruhle, star a nation once again are heartbroken over a senseless tragedy. >> did not get that to get closer -- >> they sounded like banks, but then our teachers said that they were just fire alarms. >> this time at an elementary school in texas. >> he barricaded the suspect, there was time to retrieve the keys -- >> they don't do anything. >> they were just standing around the whole time. >> of course, it was not the right decision. it was the wrong decision, very wrong. >> our hearts are broken. >> just days after shootings in new york and california -- >> we have another sandy hook

on our hands. what are we doing? >> the kids -- >> enough is enough. >> can anything be done to stop the next massacre? >> the only way to stop a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun. >> the time for us to stop the next mass shooting in this country is right now. >> this is the moment to reform gun loss? >> it is easy to go to politics. >> we, as a society, need to do a better job with mental health. >> when in god's name are we going to stand up to the gun lobby? >> not one more! not one more! >> will americans ever be able to find common ground? >> our union is not just imperfect, it is severely broken right now. >> it just keeps happening and nobody does anything about it. >> enough is enough, and 11th hour special with stephanie ruhle starts right now.

>> good evening once again, i am stephanie ruhle. this has been a hugely challenging week, one that started with a mass shooting in texas that broke our nation's heart and is ending with that very same state showcasing the heart of the problem, a massive and are a event. we have been covering all the burkett news around the clock, every detail and development, every tier. tonight, we will pull back the lens and do something a little bit different. for the next hour, i will be joined by two people that i know and respect very much, mathew tao, texas transplant and founder of our country over party, who left his role as a political strategy it is to try to find solutions to bring our country together. and nicole -- founder and ceo of sandy hook promise, whose life work as a gun safety advocate was born after losing her son dylan in a

mass shooting that took place at his school ten years ago. throughout the next hour, we will be joined by experts in gun culture, safety, child psychology, american culture and history. together, we will break down what is happening, why and, most importantly, what is next? the message across the country is loud and clear, enough is enough. the question is, where do we go from here? we will begin this evening's broadcast with ryan boozy, a former firearms executive who helped build one of the world's most iconic gun companies. he's also the author of gunfight, by battle against the industry that radicalize america. ryan, thank you for joining us, matthew and nicole, welcome. you, ryan, and matthew, you are both gonna nurse. what does it mean to call yourself a gun owner 20 years ago, and what does it mean today? help us understand what the funds can control? >> my personal definition has

not changed, but the gun culture in and around people like me has changed an awful lot. there is a healthy part of a culture, a safe and responsible and decent part of computer, that i grew up with and other americans did. when you have a deep cultural connection to something, and nefarious force like the nra can figure out how to tap into that with fear and conspiracy, and make people do irrational things about it. i don't think my culture of hunting and shooting with my boys, insisting on safety and responsibility, not the finding ourselves by guns, and really not okay with these armed radicals, what we call couch commandoes and fiscally irresponsible proliferation of assault weapons everywhere, we are not okay with that. that has not changed for me, but has definitely changed for our country. it is a frightening revelation, very frightening. >> it sure has. in the last week and a half,

two mass shootings, 31 people killed. i saw a piece that you wrote, entitled, the gun industry, i knew that we would end appear. you were a gun industry executive for a year's. how did you know that we had and appear, explore this to us. >> 15 years ago, things like tactical gear, vest, assault rifles could not be displayed on trade shows. that was not law, that was a self imposed norm. when people asked why that was, the stuff that buffalo shooter wore, tactical gear that the uvalde war, these are so offense, they could not be displayed at the industry's own trade shows. when asked, people knew that it was dangerous to clifford these things in society. these are not the things that we want to sell. in other words, there was a known form of decency in the dna of, air quotes here, -- that has changed so much. when the nra decided to go all

in on this hatred of fear and division and won them elections. and agenda took people to the near boiling point. that is the exact same thing that sells guns. you need to understand that if you think back to the most tumultuous time of your life, say january 1st, 2022 about january 7th, 2021, all the things that went on and that incredible 12 or 13 months, you had hate, you had counterattacks, you had racial strife -- we had george floyd's murder, with black lives matter, in other words, the most hateful, divisive unbelievable time in america. that corresponds to the highest gun sales rate in the united states ever. the nra figured out how to get this to the boiling point and drive gun sales, and drive people to do irrational things. we cannot hope to survive as a democracy if we keep doing this to ourselves. we got to ratchet it back. >> they don't just drive gun

sales, they dry policy. you understand the nra's playbook better than anyone. they hold their convention in texas today. at best, it is tone-deaf. at worst, it is the most craven. how has the nra, which really only represents a portion of gun owners, not even a portion of republicans, take us through how they were able to block gun reform at every possible turn. when it gets dark, and how does it work? >> it started back in 77. there was a particular nra convention. nra leaders sat down in a closed room after columbine and said, are we going to be part of the solution or do this middle finger, hell no, let's see up or we can go? there were political decisions made in that room that said that i think we could benefit by saying how no. -- by saying with my code that

hans. when your brand is not only know but hell no, no matter how bad it gets, does not matter if kids are murdered in sandy hook -- i grew up in and a credibly small town. it does not matter if the people in our small town that i lived in were shot and killed in las vegas or parkland, or sutherland springs, or the pulse nightclub, or virginia tech -- the answer is, hell no, every time. when something happens in uvalde and the brand of your organization is, how no. when somebody says are you going to cancel your convention? it is, hell no. this is what our politics is. our local school boards have this invested. everything that you care about, every single thing, women's reproductive rights, climate policy, it is all invested by this all or nothing politics at the nra figured out 15 or 18 years ago and loaned to the political right. here we are, and kids are dying because of it. it is so incredibly sad.

>> matthew dowd, you have written about gun culture myths, myths in america, help us understand the. >> the first thing i want to say is that i want to agree with ryan. the problem that we have is that this debate goes into one of two directions, and the vast majority of the country is left out of it. it's either the direction of people that say that nobody should have a gun, guns are bad, anybody that carries a gun is crazy, whatever. unlike my experience or ryan's, which is you bring your kids up, we show them how to use a gun, use it for hunting or target practice, that is what you do. you teach them safety and do all that. then there is the other group, 10% of the country, they say guns for everybody, anytime, any type of gun. the great chunk of the country is at the middle of this, which is i think people should be able to carry a gun responsibly and bring their children up, do

whatever they want responsibility, but i want gun reform. some of the myths that exist in our propagated very effectively by the nra have sunk route in. i actually think the nra does not matter anymore, because they put a virus in the middle part of america. if the nra disappeared, this fire still sits in america. if donald trump won away, the virus that he put into america's those it's here, so you have to extract that virus that has been put there by these people. it is now sitting solidly inside. some of the myths -- somehow, more guns create more safety. every single data point says that is wrong. not only used by state, where there is gun restrictions, there is less violence, but you look at country at the country. we as america have the second most gun violence in the world at the personal. we had the most guns per 100 people anywhere, twice as many

as the second country anywhere in the world. that is one myth that has been propagated by the nra and is a complete lie. the other is that guns keeper freedom. it is because we have guns and gun culture is why we are free. the fascinating is that the folks rink tyson freedom in the world, we are number 17 in the world. but the country's highs on freedom in the world do not have gone cultures. the ideas of freedom preserved by the ability of somebody to own 162 guns or an assault rifle is a myth that has been propagated again and again by the nra. i think it is absolutely accurate that what the nra does -- i think the nra started off as a gun safety -- i remember when i bought my first gun, you go and sign up for the nra because part of that is that you've got to learn guns if the courses. that changed. that changed over time, part of

it was because they began to be funded solely by gun manufacturers. i think the and are a and whether it happened around columbine or not before the, fundamentally change this. but i think right now to me, today, with the nra is doing in houston is awful. but even if the nra disbanded completely, the virus exists in america. >> nikole, what do you think? >> i am fascinated by this idea of the virus and the data and myths. there is so much data. everything you said is so true about how this isn't is true. the data points to evidence in the opposite direction. however, i am fascinated to hear from you too can owners, how do we breakthrough that fear that the nra has propagated across everyone, in terms that you need to have more guns, you need to protect yourself from home invasions -- what is the way to reach that middle part of america that

isn't picking up on this? how do we give them cover and reach them? i don't think the data arguments are working. how do we combat fear with a different set of emotions and give them different options to take? >> ryan? >> i think people like matthew and i have to stand up and be examples. the fact that the matter is that this works. it is much more fragile -- i agree with everything that matthew said, there is a virus here, like trump, it is like the coronavirus. if the source goes away, the wind is the blowing, it is the rushing across the country. people like us, responsible gun owners, people that believe in decency and gun reform, we have to stand up and be examples. the truth is that the nra has been exceptionally adept at keeping responsible people quiet. they are loud, they are bullies, they take the mic, they scream, they throw, they castigate people, they trailed my family

-- they have done incredibly, incendiary things to me and people i know to keep reasonable people quiet. we just have had not had enough courage to stand up and say, no, there are a lot of us that did not believe this. there is a different path. i think they are more fragile than they think. the response to my book tells me, we were worried for my safety when the book came out, as you might guess. but the opposite has happened, i get hundreds and thousands of messages from these gun orders that say, thank you, i am not like that. i can't take it anymore. this is gone off the rails. we have to get those people lifted up. >> okay, but you don't even have to be as outspoken and do the work that you all are doing. matthew, there are plenty of republicans that think it is absolutely insane that anyone should be able to buy an ar-15, but do they not care enough to stop it? they care about other voting issues more, and so they let it slide? >> i think part of it is a little bit complicated, because

i think part of it is cultural and what happens is, republicans and the nra are very adept and appealing to the cultural inclination to own a gun, right? when it becomes a coastal argument against guns and not a middle of america about common sense gun reforms, if we lose that voice, then it becomes this cultural argument that gets lost in the middle of this. and he rationality gets lost in the middle of this. i think the polling that is clear, 80% of gun owners want gun reform. two thirds of nra members want gun reform. two thirds of republicans want gun reform. but what we have, and this is what i fear is that our democracy is so fragile and unhealthy, today, that we have all of these issues, and guns are the most pointed ones.

a vast majority at the country once something done, and it's not getting done. that goes to a fragile nature of our democracy. it is something that is wrong and our democracy, when 80% of the country want something and it is not happening. that's the do with polarization and other things, but i agree with what ryan said. i think a huge part of this is that we have to give this base the people to responsibly own guns, to be a voice in this debate, to be a voice in this debate to come from people. i do it all the time. i have tons of friends their own guns. they are like, of course we had to have universal background checks. of course we have to have red flag laws. of course nobody needs to own an assault rifle. then they go back their life and do their thing. because they feel like when they are in a debate, the only people screaming at them every day are two sides. it is either the nra side screaming at the socials or companies, or it is this elite side that says, why do you own a gun at all? that is part of the problem. >> we gotta find a solution,

ryan busse, thank you for joining us tonight. matt and nicole, you are staying with us all our. coming up, the impact of gun violence on children in the united states. we will speak with a leading child psychologists about how we treat kids today, the threats that they're facing and what it means for the mental health? later, guns are one of the many issues deeply dividing our issue. matthew just laid it out. we've got to figure out with the growing divisions what we can do to bridge the gap? our 11 hour special, enough is enough is just getting underway on and a very important friday night. st getting underwa st getting underwa on and a very night. you can't prevent what's going on outside, that's why qulipta™ helps what's going on inside. qulipta™ is a pill. gets right to work to prevent migraine attacks and keeps them away over time. lipta™ blocks cgrp a protein believed to be a cause of migraine attacks. qulipta™ is a preventive treatment for episodic migraine.

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people we cover, and we care about these instances deeply. we will gladly never have to do this again, if it meant that another one of these kids doesn't die. her one of these kid doesn't die. we have new chilling photos of children fleeing the mass shooting at robb elementary school on tuesday. back in 2020, firearms overtook car accidents as the leading cause of death and teenagers in america. the breakdown reveals a meta health crisis in this country. according to analysis of axios of cdc data, that he percent of tilted up to age 19 killed by guns in 2020 died by suicide. let's discuss. genius the night is one of the nation's leading child psychologist, dr. harold -- he's the president of the mind institute, which is dedicated to transforming mental health care for children around the world. doctor, talk to us about the

impact that gun violence is having on americans. >> it is really important for us to look at the whole picture. so, gun violence is not only about the tragic deaths, but it is about the trauma that occurs afterwards. we know the kids witness these kinds of events, have a dramatic response. they have more stress and difficulty with sleep. it happens acutely, and sometimes a month later, it could turn to post-traumatic stress disorder, which can turn into a very significant psychiatric disorder, which will affect executive functioning and social life, the ability to sleep, he and participate in the world. we also have some real facts. we know that if you are about five blocks away from where gun violence episodes occur, it will have an effect on you. we also know that gun violence affects kids of color and kids a poverty significantly more than the rest of the population. these are basic facts that we

have to start to think about. part of that is that people who can safely own guns should not be -- that really is the bottom line because as long as we are giving guns to inappropriate individuals, you will have lots more can balance. heck, we know states that have more safety gun rules, have lefts deaths. this is so black and white, that it is disturbing that we are not taken action. >> we are not seeing our government do anything. while the government is doing nothing, the internet is hard at work in many cases making our kids more isolated, and in some cases, radicalize. i want to share a bit from my colleague jake ward, who is an nbc technology correspondent, speaking specifically on the impact the internet is having undercuts. watch this. >> the research has shown that for a child isolated from their family or their community in

this nation and at this time, social media and the internet is a way for them, in some cases, find community and resources. but in the darkest possible circumstances, it is a place for them to find conspiracy theories, ideologies, communities of like-minded people who might inspire them in some cases to take what are some very dark thoughts and carry them into supportive action. >> harold, how do we do this? >> stephanie, we knew before covid, the rate of suicide attempts and suicide completion among kids from the age of 10 to 24 jumped by almost 50% in the ten years before covid hit. now, we can't know for sure that the internet or social media was the cause, but there is definitely a correlation. we also know the problematic usage of kids who use social media 8 to 10 hours a day, if

they have an underlying disorder like adhd or depression, that usage is toxic. it is almost like marijuana give indicates with anxiety disorders that produce panic attacks. if you are a parent of a child with adhd or depression, or you have a child who seems more isolated, more socially uncomfortable, then social media and the internet will be a dangerous place. >> nickel, sandy hook promised teachers recognition and intervention techniques for kids and teens who might be socially isolated or at risk. help us understand what that looks like. because after a shooting like this, you always hear, what were the signs? we have seen this coming? >> yeah, unfortunately, there is so much evidence to point out that most shootings and most suicides, there are signs given up beforehand. sometimes, we don't always know what we are seeing and how to identify and what actions they

take. that is what we teach kids and the adults around them around the country, how to recognize the signs, everything from bullying and isolation up to the cutting, dating violence, substance abuse to suicide and homicide, and how to talk to a trusted adult. we can train every single kid in the country, eventually, i hope, but we still require that behavioral change for everyone to lean in and be those -- this is about kids taking control of their own safety and community, which i would imagine would be a positive benefit to the mental health and wellness. >> matt, do you believe our lawmakers are really looking for solutions because in the last few days, when republicans keep talking about mental health and school security, many of the same republicans are voting against funny schools and putting mental health education. >> well i find amazing is that they are looking at everything but the problem. they are looking at everything, they're putting everything. they are putting out that it is

because a video games or because of this and this. then you are like, there is a -- there like, no, it is because of this. the keep stepping over the gun that is lying in the middle of the room. that is the biggest part of the problem. that is one part of it. the hypocrisy when they talk about mental health is amazing to me. greg abbott said that yesterday. greg abbott said that we have a mental health, with a deal with the mental health. i had 2% agreed that. greg abbott cut $200 million out of the mental health budget. there was a budget related to helping kids with mental health, he cut it by almost a quarter of a billion dollars, two months ago. i think that they're doing everything possible to distract from the fundamental problem, which is access to guns but people that should not have guns. that is the fundamental problem. everything else that they point to is a distraction from what is sitting in the middle of the room. >> then, harold, as parents, how do we understand when it is

a situation where maybe our own children and teens are suffering. coming out a covid, everyone is suffering. >> i think which is the back for a second and know that every country in the world has children and adults with mental health problems. only the united states has these mass shootings and this remarkable gun violence. as someone who knows something about teenage pain, there is a reason that we do not let kids in the united states drink until they are 21. there is a reason why current those do not let you rent a car until 25 because somehow they figured out that between 18 and 25, you are going to have a lot more problems. you are less likely to wear a seatbelt. your brain is not fully developed. it seems outrageous to me that we don't have a kid drink but an 18-year-old can buy an assault weapon. that does not make logical sense. when something is not logical,

something else is taken over. is there some other influence that is making republicans, senators, conservative senators, not be sensible because i assure you that there is not a parent out there, no matter how they are voting, that does not want to put an assault weapon into an 18-year-old's hand or to a criminal's hand, or to someone that has a history of erratic or violent behavior. that is the part as a parent that really is upsetting. as a child psychiatrist, i feel i am scapegoated. for the last 25 years, we have been having the same discussion. i am all in favor of having more mental health services for children and teenagers in united states. we have a shortage of mental health professionals. it is worse now since covid, but that is not what is causing this school shootings and istanbul's. >> nicole, i know we are out of time. but i see you nodding your head. when we have a shooting like we had this week, or last week in buffalo, do you have a question about the work you're doing in the sandy hook promise? do you ever wonder if it's

making an impact, because things don't seem to change. >> no, i never question it, because i know for a fact we're having an impact. i know how many lives with saved. i know how many school shootings we averted, and i know it's a solution at the model that absolutely works, but it just needs to be scalp. but it's about that. it's about getting that teaching out to more people. can't prevent everything, but you can certainly decrease the number, significantly. >> thank you so much. nicole, matthew, don't go anywhere. doctor harold, thank you so much. you always make us smarter every time you hear. >> when we come back, guns, this is the issue. they're just the tip of the iceberg. when you tip dig into the deep divisions of america, abortion, the pandemic, culture wars, a look at why the united states is so divided, and if we can even begin to fix the problem, when our 11th hour special, enough is enough, continues. when our 11th hour special enamel in its weakened state.

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floor, to talk about this, in the wake of these shootings, because i just really worry that there is something rotting in the american core, that is making us numb to the slaughter. i think we're on the verge of just thinking that this is normal, and losing our sense of outrage. >> something rotting in the american core, a huge part of the problem comes from the polarization we see in our country today, and it's not

just gun safety. americans are divided on abortion, education, masks, vaccines, everything associated with a pandemic. as time magazine once put it, our nation is still divided, along the battle lines of the civil war. so how do we fix it? let's welcome, presidential historian, douglas brinkley. he's also a history professor at bryce university, and msnbc political analyst britney patrick awning him, she was a member of president obama's 21st century precinct policing task force. doug, it is stuff to hear a u.s. senator talk about the rotting core in america. how sick and divided are we as a country, when you look, historically speaking? >> we're extremely sick and divided. it's not a civil war situation. we were divided in the 1960s, and late 70s. we pulled back together a little bit, to the point that after newtown massacre in december of 2012, there was some hope after sandy hook elementary school that there might be some gun legislation.

some republicans were in the mosque and almost got down but not quite. but as you know, it's deeply divided now. we can't seem to heal. the hope if somebody like senator chris murphy, who this week has been very articulate about gun control and getting rid of assault weapons, one kind of another, he's been staying on the case for decades. the hope is that newtown in that uvalde, like bookends, ten years of all these mass killings, that this will be a moaning moment will do something. but alas, as you point out, stephanie, so many other, you know, divisive trigger points in american political and social life that one is worried that this is gonna be game-changing enough. we've got to get 73% of the american public to mandate after i uvalde, that we do something with getting rid of assault weapons, secretary large magazines, and having

better school security. putting more money into mental illness, but alas, in a midterm election like this, it doesn't seem likely. >> brittani, that's one of the questions people are asking. how do you get americans fired up enough, to care more? i was talking about this earlier this week with jay johnson and eric holder. and i was very surprised. they both said that america needs what they called, and emmett till moment. americans should actually see the horrific images from these shootings. what do you think of that? >> you know, when i was in college, i actually did my senior thesis on the historical significance and the cultural impact of emmett till. and most certainly, i could not anticipate how relevant that work and that study would be to the rest of my life and my work. but i name that paper, so the world would see what they've done to my boy, which is what the indomitable utility or said about her decision to have that open casket moment, to allow

the word lived to see emmett till, bloodied, bruised, broken body, to have broken parts take that photograph that went across the entire world. and clearly, she made a decision that was deeply sacrificial, to try and stop the flames. thankfully, a simmering civil rights movement that would it not for that, i certainly wouldn't be sitting here talking to you. we also need to reckon with the fact that even with that picture, going a version of viral in the 1950s that it did, the man who murdered emmett till was still acquitted. caroline bryant, the woman who told the lie that emit to whistled at her, the cost emit his life, she has since come, and said that that was a lie. and says, that she was able to deal without any repercussions. the emmett till memorial is still the faced multiple times a year to this day. and it wasn't until the year of our lord, 2022, when congress passed, and the president signed the emmett ill and island act into existence.

and at most, if that is a symbolic-based of paper. so for all that sacrifice, we certainly saw movement come from people who were already oppressed in this country. but we didn't necessarily see the kind of impact on people who should have been shamed into further action. and i think that we have to be very careful but, what we are asking parents to do, who has to excavate their deepest grief, to sow the show these pictures to the world. of course, they're open to make whatever trace they want, but in this moment of horrifying grief for each of them, we should be very, very careful about what we are asking them to do. and we shouldn't be asking them to do more than the politicians who went on vacation this week. >> nicole, you know, i've gotta ask you. i mean, people in your position, who have lost their children, our government failed them. our country fill them. not them, you. so when you hear people talking, saying let's see those images, what can you think of that? >> i think, you know, stephanie,

i'm not personally a fan of that. i couldn't do that. i'm not as brave as emmett deals mothers was. i also have a significant concern not only about, you, know emmett till obviously died in 1955. and the quality of movies and culture, people, i don't even think would be as shocked to see a pile of dead children. you don't, i've had to deal with this conspiracy theorists, hoaxes, for the last ten years, this is show us -- and even if we did, i don't think they're still believe it. i think to immune to that sort of violence, because we're too used to it anyway. but also, there's just no way to -- i want people to remember my son for what it was when he was alive. i don't want my surviving son, my mother, dylan's grandmother, only faced forever on the internet, with the image of his body shot. you know, he was shot five times, four times in the torso,

one in the back of the head. no one needs to see that. i don't want to see that. and that's not how i want my son remembered. so that's why i work to protect his photos. >> well, i will say, nicole, you are plenty brave. matthew, do you think the country is becoming numb and callous, or is it just given up our on our lawmakers just doing anything? >> well, i'd like to speak to the idea of division in the country. if the country, actually the voters, are not divided, the voters are not divided. what's divided in the country's two parties, one party who wants nothing to do with solving the problems, the republican party. and once nothing to do with coming to a compromise on all of these fundamental issues. if you look at all of the data, 80% of the country wants gun reform. 70% of the country was fine with the covid protocols and getting vaccinated. and all 75% of the country wants to keep roe v. wade as it is. so it's not like the country is fundamentally divided.

the country is pretty decided on these fundamental issues. so what's the problem? well, the problem is, the political system as it exists today, doesn't allow right now, and this is why i'm very concerned about our democracy. the political system does not allow for majority rule. so, what we have today is a tyranny of the minority. and that's a fundamental break, a fundamental break in our system, where we have a vast public, who's pretty united on this, and obviously, you have 25 or 30% of people that are off on some crazy island. but you have a vast majority of the country aligned on this. and so, the problem isn't division within the country. the problem is what's happening at a leadership level, where republican party refuses, refuses to come to the table, and two with the majority wants. >> we've got to continue this conversation. everyone has agreed to stay with us. there's a lot more for us to cover. enough is enough is not over,

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we're talking about arming our teachers and hardening our schools. a good save education is everything. is there a way we can find a path here? >> i used to be a third grade teacher, as i think you know. and i cannot think of anything that would be more costly, that would be more incorrect in this moment. than to on teachers. look, we already have a system of an equitable education. putting arms in the hands of teachers, who are already dealing with so much in the situation, who are already underpaid and overworked, who already have dealt with covid, certainly not the path we need to be going down. you heard it said before on the program, more guns, very simply, does not equal more safety. at the end of the day, i think that the opportunity we really have in the classroom, and through the lens of education is actually to upward the culture of violence. i agree with the speaker that spoke earlier, this question of division and polarization is actually the wrong one to be

asking. i often think that polarization is really a misnomer, for the threat that power and privilege perceives, when marginalized people finally have their turn, and there say. the fact of the matter is, this is not just two ends of the spectrum, and to equal but opposite ends. we're talking about folks who are dealing in trafficking, and the politics of supremacy and exclusion. or folks like us, who are trying to ensure that equity is actually the name of the game. so early not talking about polarization at the core. we are talking about an american culture of violence. we cannot deal with the fact that a culture of violence that is deeply american, pervades absolutely everything, without dealing with the fact that america as a colonial project. you can't, honestly, talk about america being a colonial project, if you do not deal with the genocide of indigenous people, and the enslavement of african people. you cannot deal with those things, if the school districts and libraries are cow tailing to parents, who refuse to have

even the 16 90 project on the library shelves, let alone being taught. there is no possible way to uproot the culture of violence that is so deep within our soil. anything less just breaking off the branches, and allowing things that we know harm us, to continue to bloom on that same tree. but we have the opportunity now to take back our schools, to take back our classrooms, to take back education in such a way that we prepare and informed citizenry, young people who are confident, young people who build communities with each other, young people who operate in love, and young people who understand our history well enough, never to repeat it again. and that includes, perpetuating a white supremacist, patriarchal culture of violence, that continues to harm every single community in this country. >> doug, this may sound naive, but give us a history lesson. i saw but beto o'rourke speaking today outside the nra convention, and he was extending an olive branch. he said, you're not our enemies. we can't find a way to work together.

is there is some sort of olive branch that can be extended? can love be the answer here, because clearly, digging into the division, but -- >> it has to be the answer. you know, with a national rifle association, it was created in the 1870. one it was supposed to train civil war veterans on marksmanship of new weapons. how did we go from an nra that did that to an nra that in the time, and to the point, they were opposed to the black panthers arming themselves, and put in the nra went with a white power structure of california in the 1960s, when ronald reagan was governor. you know, now, the aaron i, nra, and others, gun owners gloves, they're ubiquitous. they're actually fundraising tonight off of you all the. they say, fear in white america, that and rural white america, that different people are gonna come into your community, with guns. and truth, we've had very little terror attack since 9/11.

but each of these massacres and schools is a terror attack. and what's profoundly disturbing, stephanie, something like climate change that's hard to get our hands around, that's global. we've got to work with other countries. this is an armed country. america is the only industrialized nation with this insane gun policy. there is no way an 18, 18, 19, 20 to 21, should be walking out on their birthdays, getting these semi automatic weapons. ar, you know, fifteens, on training marksman. it's spraying bullets a madly in every direction. you barely touch the trigger, and they go out. the killing machines. yet, we've had not just newtown, but las vegas, orlando, charles town, when will it and? you look at the political culture right now in america, this midterm election here, i don't see any big movement to tackle this heinous problem of

the gun lobby being so powerful. >> well, we gotta start somewhere. doug brinkley, brittani, thank you both. when we come back, matt and nickel will get final thoughts. we come back, allergies don't have to be scary. spraying flonase daily stops your body from nickel will get final thoughts overreacting to allergens all season long.

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thoughts. matthew and any call, we are ending a truly horrible, horrible week. where do we go from here? how do we take one step forward? matthew, republicans are pushing widely unpopular gun policy, abortion policy. yet, there's a good chance they win the midterms. how do we get better? >> so, first, i think this hour has been a great hour, which i think, it's a great advancement. and i have to say, thank you, nicole, for your hard and rising from awful tragedy to do the things you do. and stephanie, for having this show. i think it's an important step

that we have to keep talking about. in my view, the fundamental thing is leaders never lead they follow. and we have to lead them to the right place. and the right place is common decency for the common good. we have to get rid of leaders, and put people in place that belief in common decency for the common good. that'll fix it. >> nicole? >> just kind of echoing what matthew said, i think also, this is an interesting moment in time right now. there are conversations being had. you know, we talked about bookends, sandy hook and you've all the, i really hope this is that ending book and, and there's good conversations happening right now, we just need to continue to ask our politicians and in d.c., to lean in, and have these conversations, don't just go to your party lines, the second amendment is an important right, but it's not designed to kill children. so, what can we do to build common ground and that's something that works? >> please keep asking our politicians. don't let this week pass. don't forg