okay, to our friends in the orlando, florida, area. the readout acho is coming your way. the readout will be live in orlando next wednesday, november 2nd. where my guest will include the democratic candidate for send, congressman val demings, and the man who was challenging ron desantis, former governor carly tryst, what details to come. and that is tonight's read out. thank you all for joining us tonight. all in with chris hayes starts now. l in with chris hayes starts now. tonight on all in. >> i'm gonna ask you straight-up, is this a sign that the fix isn't?

>> that is an attempt to have a fix in. >> the pushes of the big lie reach full throttle. >> we are not gonna have 2000 situation in these boxes. >> tonight, marc elias on the multi-front fight against the anti-democratic threats across the country. then, how the georgia senate race got somehow crazier. >> i want the biggest night for the herschel walker campaign to be tonight. >> plus, did sarah palin just endorsed her opponent in alaska? >> maybe it is kind of that alaskan chick thing, you know. >> and david wallace dwells on the new climate reality coming into view. and why there may actually be a case for optimism. when all in starts right now. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> joining from new york, i'm chris hayes. today, a january 6th insurrectionists, a violent one, was sentenced to the longest prison sentences yet for someone who did --

for his role in the violent attack on the capitol. his name is albuquerque head, he is a tennessee resident. and he was sentence seven and a half years in prison after pleading guilty to a felony charge of assaulting and resisting or impeding an officer. he assaulted police officers with a police shield, before dragging d.c. police officer michael fanone into the crowd. and shouting, i got one! a chilling and disturbing moment that was captured by phone's body cam. >> [inaudible] [inaudible] >> fanone urged the judge presiding on the case to sentence him to the mask moon possible saying, quote, showing the same mercy that he showed me on january 6th. which is none.

during the sentencing, the judge talked about the larger threat to american democracy. quote, people need to understand that they can't do this, or anything like this again. they can't try to force their will on the american people once the american people have already spoken at the ballot box. that is the opposite of democracy. it is tyranny. and a threat to democracy, the dark show and tearing, fortunately, has not gone away. the dark shadow of tyranny, the threat, still looms over all of us. since 2016, the republican party has increasingly adopted donald trump's vision of democracy. which only allows for two options on any given election. either trump, fellow republican winds. or the election was rigged. >> just make sure your vote gets counted. make sure, because the only way we are gonna lose this election is if the election is rigged. remember that. it's the only way we're gonna lose this election. so we have to be very careful.

look -- it's more than the selection, that's a big statement. the only way they are gonna win is that way, and we can't let that happen. >> that was august, okay? so we -- doing this for years, right? we win or it's rigged. that's it, that lie is now the orthodox in most of the republican party. this time they're running that playbook without trump at the ballot. and it's happening all over the country. today, for instance, a debate between the trump back to new hampshire -- a guy named don bullet, a guy who is a big lie adherent and proponent. pushed ludicrous conspiracy theories about people being bused in from out of state to vote for his democratic opponent. that is one that trump himself was trumpeting back in 2016. now, the audio is a little messed up. but you can still see botox nonsense. >> we need to make sure that school buses loaded with people at the polls don't come in and vote. >> just to be clear, you are claiming that buses full of voters who are not permitted to

vote, you are claiming that that happened in new hampshire? >> i am claiming that that is what [inaudible] we need to respond to that. >> oh, the perception totality. i am not saying it happens, it's just other people say that it happens. so we should respond to that. which is the fallback event republican across the country. but of, course people to say that happens because people like that one from children highlands. it is just a nice little circle. , and of course, is not true. but that's the kind of rhetoric republicans are pushing relentlessly. races across all 50 states. although, particular tension is now focused on the senate race between trump backed republican tv doctor and new jersey resident mehmet oz and democratic john fetterman who is currently the states lieutenant governor. now, republicans and right-wing media are already right now trying to sow doubt about the legitimacy of that race. including, as rolling stone reports. perhaps not surprisingly. the ex president himself. quote, in recent months, trump has convened a series of in-person meetings and

conference calls to discuss laying the groundwork. to challenge the 2022 midterm election results. as one source who spoke to trump about a legal battle over the odds veteran race puts it, trump views a potential midterm challenge as addressors will for 2024. and the propaganda arm of the republican party is taking note, with just a little under two weeks before election night. >> veteran's candidacy, like joe biden's candidacy two years ago tells us something pretty dark about the democratic party. what it tells us is that the democratic party has such contempt for voters, and for democracy itself, and so much confidence in its ownership of the media, that no longer has to try to win your votes. and to prove it, they can even run mentally defective candidates who can barely speak, and not only expect them to win, but expect you to accept the outcome no matter how transparently absurd is. on november 9th, they will be telling you that john fetterman got 81 million votes in pennsylvania, they will threaten to put you in jail if

you don't believe it. why wouldn't they do that? it worked with joe biden. >> so if you can follow that, right, through the rhetorical -- first, it is the exact same formulation as donald trump. identical. we win or it is raked. tucker is also saying that trump won 2020. and that rant, all of them, were precisely as unhinged as the big lie itself. but pro trump activist thompson and republican compost or ted cruz who also happens to be a state senator are both already joining the course, baselessly casting -- on the early ballots in pennsylvania. houses doug mastriano, another big lie proponent. a person who was at the capitol on january 6th, though he didn't go into it. and also, pennsylvania's republican nominee for governor. >> you are states acting secretary of state lead chapman just came out yesterday and said that she expects the vote count to last for several days, maybe even as long as a week, because they can't count some of those mail-in ballots early, that kind of thing. i'm gonna ask, you straight-up, is the fix in?

is this a sign of the fixes in? >> -- >> yeah, what's the deal, how is that even a conversation? and they call us election deniers? >> yes. [laughs] >> right, right, they are deniers. >> it's true, pennsylvania can sometimes take longer than other states to count, it is early mail-in ballots. but that is because, stay with me now, the state is not allowed to start counting them until election day. if republicans really thought this was a problem, the republican controlled pennsylvania legislatures, which include doug mask rihanna as a member, could change that. >> take a let the states start counting those early votes as they come in, but i want to do that. because they want to sow doubts in the results by seeing the influx of early votes, which are expected to favor the democrats, are somehow illegitimate. the exact same playbook trump set up in front of all of us and ran in front of us, leading to january 6th back in 20 and 2021. and trump has made his voters

so paranoid and delusional about the vote tallies, they are going to extreme measures to stop the fake threat of voter fraud. as the associated press reports in a truly remarkable better of reporting. there is one county in rural nevada which is now hand counting ballots, because they do not trust the voting machines. after market world spread possibly defamatory conspiracy theories about the machines, switching votes to biden in 2020, which, of course, were false. but as the residents of nine county or learning, there is a reason we automate this task can use those machines. my quote here, two groups of five spent about three hours each counting 50 ballots. mismatched tallies led to recounts, and occasionally more recounts. several noted how arduous the process was, with one volunteer lamenting, i can't believe it's two hours to get through 25 ballots. county in new mexico was also forced to recount primary

ballots by hand, after conspiracy adult voters refused to accept the machine tabulations. what these people will discover is the same people, the same thing people who ran that deranged audit in arizona in 2020 discovered. which is that there is no meaningful instances of fraud. and the machine calculations are incredibly accurate. now. let's be clear. election and election administration in this country could be unwieldy. and -- i'm a voter initiated a really long time to, it's really annoying. it can kind of be a bumpy ride. but we do have free and fair elections. for now. those elections, though, and the people who administer them are explicitly under attack. for example, the ap reports have already seen in more than 100 lawsuits filed related to the midterm elections. which is not even half yet. majority filed by republicans, targeting everything from mail-in ballots to rules making easier direction about. and also, the voting machines themselves.

but there are ways to fight back. marc elias is an attorney on the front lines in that fight for american democracy. he's an expert on voting rights legislation. the founder of democracy doctrine, it's great to have you here. mark, i want to talk, first about a story that we have been covering a lot wishes these folks dressed up sometimes in tactical gear, sometimes with their cameras outside ballot drop boxes in arizona. federal lawsuit filed against one of the groups for doing that, there isn't a right-wing group abandoned it. in turn, i want to read from there, what they said to their members. he hammer has unfortunately fallen, we the lines of liberty have been named in a federal lawsuit during this fact and possible restraining order. we are stepping down our sponsorship of operation drop boxes. this seems like a welcome development amidst a lot of bleak news. >> it is. but i think we need to keep in mind that this is one group. it is great they are now

stopping violating federal voting rights laws. but there are others. there are other lawsuits going on. and this lawsuit continues in arizona gets other groups. and it is not just arizona. we are seeing this, as you pointed, out in state after state after state. we are seeing republican and republican allied organizations challenge absentee ballot voting, so by mail, machine counting of ballots. voters ability to vote at all. and of course, the sting out of drop boxes. so it is a little bit of happiness. but there's a lot to be worried about it. >> so we're where you focused right now. a ballot drop box thing is just a sort of outward sign, right, of the paranoia in the intimidation. that to me is very potent. >> but where are you focused your energies right now? >> so, right now i would love to say that it's focused in one or two places. but to put a little bit more

meat on the bones of what ap reported, democracy doctrine tracks every piece of election litigation that goes on. whether it is filed on the left or far-right, they track it. and there have been 156 separate pieces of litigation filed in this calendar year alone. that is across 34 states. and 96 of them are still going on. about 40% of all the litigation are actually brought by republicans who are -- organizations, because they are now turning to the courts to try to limit voting. so it is nationwide. it is tactical. nondiscriminatory and how they try to limit voting. and it even includes litigation. >> one of the things we learned from january 6th, from the trump big lie in the run up, and the elections, that election night, then the aftermath. there is the law of elections. right? there is democratic institutions.

there are courts. ultimately, the concession of the loser or the agreement of both parties to accept an election as fair is kind of the binding institutional bedrock. more than anything else. the other stuff really helps. and i just wonder how you think about that. where these people are very clearly saying, like, we are not gonna do that. we won't say it's rigged if we lose. >> yeah, i always say that the most american of all times of year is when we vote. election day, i remember as a child being a great day. it was a day where you got to go to vote with your parent. even in recent years, people wearing their eyelids sticker. but it was following the elections that we saw the pageantry of democracy. and the pageantry of democracy, again, with those vicious concessions. then, we saw in counties around america, -- core proceedings that produced

certificates. nancy certificates. those fancy certificates would go to the state. and the state would create even more fancy certificates. saying who won the election with the vote tallies. finally, there would be those big certificates of election or ascertainment that would go to the house. and be in those wooden boxes. presidential elections, hang in senators offices. signed by the secretary of state and by the governor with calligraphy the pageantry of democracy is what makes america special. and it is the pageantry of democracy that the republicans are tarnishing, our trashing, and are trying to exploit and make it a vulnerability. and we are gonna need a system that relies less on that sort of goodwill, that it builds through that system. but there will be a real loss to civic virtue when that happens. >> yeah, and it also strikes me that trust is the key here. right? they sow distrust in all of these different institutions. they are controlled by the left in the media.

the courts are everyone's out to get. you it is all rigged. such that there is no final arbiter, right, who will be trusted. like, for the folks in nye county. like, we have to head count the ballots even if it takes us 98 hours to prep three ballots. there is no proclamation by any judge or just disappointed by whoever that is gonna satisfy the people that have been inspired the movement to do that. and that really is a problem, even though the courts are an important remedy. we >>, great that is the plan. that is the, that is what the republicans want. if you think about where we are today, you see those echoes of 2020. first you had the election denying rhetoric before the election. the trashing vote by mail. the sowing the seeds of distrust. then you had after that, you have litigation, that was further amite perpetuating what then we called the big lie.

and then you have the violence. you have the violence on january 6th. we're failing all else, you saw republicans and donald trump's supporters stormed the nation's capital. well, what are we seeing now. we are already seeing the under running of trust in elections. the bad-mouthing of democracy. bad-mouthing a voting. we are already seeing the frivolous litigation and the litigation aimed at creating the groundwork for the next big lie. and then, what you see in places like arizona with people armed, standing in drop boxes and following people through parking lots. you are seeing the beginnings of the echoes of january 6th. i think it's really important that we keep focused on just our little this country has healed since then. >> right, coming, up thank you mark elides, really appreciated. coming, up republican still -- told power in a state that joe biden won just two years ago. well, it might not matter who wins the wisconsin governor's race, next.

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future could look like if republicans gain control of the levers of political power. take a look at what is happening in wisconsin. so, wisconsin is a quintessential purple state. joe biden won it by about 20,000 votes in 2020. donald trump won by less than 30,000 votes in 2016. wisconsin currently has a democratic governor, tony evers, one democratic senator and one republican senator. so it is about as closely split

as a state can be. but despite the state being basically -- a coin flip, for publicans already locked up control of state legislators. and they are very close to controlling super majorities in both chambers after election day. and that is thanks to one of the most aggressive partisan gerrymander's in the entire nation. they were written by, you guessed, it the same republican legislator. neat little trick. as the associated press explains, if republicans can flip five seats in the assembly and just one in the senate, they will have two thirds majority that they need. this projection of the upcoming assembly election shows republicans winning 64 seats with two toss-ups. if they win both toss-ups, they get the super majority. this projection of those wisconsin senate shows republicans winning 23 seats, more than they need for a supermajority. and if wisconsin republicans get their super majorities, it will not matter what the governor is or at least not

that much, because republicans will be able to override any veto and pass whatever legislation they choose. democrats will not have a recourse. even if the state were to elected democratic governor! statewide! at a response and get this way? how did it become, essentially, a gop laboratory for the dismantling of democracy. that is exactly what are you worried mentioned explored for mother jones, and ari joins me now. all right, i just want to linger on the math here, because if you take a second to sink in for people. so let's just go through it again. like, if people show up this election day and the votes, people voting for democrats were voting for republicans at the state legislative level are basically 50/50, like, the stain amount of votes for each in the state and the aggregate. that 50/50 voting could still result in super majorities in both houses? >> yeah, that is what is so crazy, chris. basically, wisconsin has created a system that is voter

proof, for republicans, and just think about this stat. democrats have to win the statewide vote by 12 points. just to get a majority, a bare majority in the legislator. republicans can win a legislator majority with just 44% of votes. so we have seen but over the last decade that democrats are getting a majority of votes or close to it in wisconsin. but republicans are getting huge majorities in the legislator. and now they are on the verge of a supermajority, which would basically allow them to totally nullify democracy in that state. so there is a lot of states where gerrymandering has skewed politics. but i think there is no state or gerrymandering eschewed politics more than wisconsin. >> that number is crazy. they can win 44% of the vote, statewide, and when a majority in the state houses. 44% is a bad showing. like, 44%, you get 44%, you have probably lost the election. the way they draw them off, the way they packed democrats in

districts that are big, you know, districts they can win by huge margins. they've been able to pull this off. so that even a relatively good night for democrats where they win by plus two, plus three, they are not gonna win back the state legislator. >> no, and we have already seen this. in 2018, democrats won all five statewide races in wisconsin, including for governor. they got 54% of the votes. the state assembly, they only got 36% of the seats in the chamber. so that is a huge discrepancy between votes. you basically have democrats are right now the majority party in wisconsin. but republicans are about to be potentially the super majority party in wisconsin based on how the maps are drawn. and one of the things that led me to write this article is that there is been all this talk about how gerrymandering hasn't really skewed american politics. that doesn't really have that big of an impact. and maybe in the u.s. house maps that is true, it is less of an impact than it has in the past. what gerrymandering is absolutely having an impact in wisconsin. not just in terms of rigging

politics at the state. but rigging the policies of the state. right, chris? that's why it really matters. wisconsin can expand medicaid. they can't have background checks for guns. they have an 1849 abortion ban, from one wisconsin, a year after wisconsin became a state. it makes no exceptions for rape or incest. they have all of these policies because republicans can do whatever they want, despite 80% of voters believing otherwise. >> and this is why, as i understand it for the perspective of wisconsin democrats. that the state legislative races really matter. because, one, stopping them from getting a supermajority alongside the state ride races. to, state supreme court races, there is gonna be a big one next year. to basically kind of get enough voters and win enough victories that you can start to dismantle the structure. >> that is absolutely right. i, mean in a 50/50 year, you would assume that they could potentially get a majority. that is a completely off the table. the only thing we can do now is

to stop republicans from getting a supermajority by trying to win a few of these targeted races. there's not that many, but winning a few that there are competitive. and then you are, right it's all about the courts. because remember. for applicants can do this alone. they have these massive winds because of the courts and the conservative majority on the u.s. wisconsin supreme court. susan's -- changing the structure of the wisconsin supreme court is not nearly as hard. the election in 2023 will be determining whether or not wisconsin has the conservative or progressive majority in the supreme court. that is gonna go a long way in determining the policies of that state. so now we are all focused on 2022 right now. for obvious reasons. but in wisconsin it's not 2022, it's also 2023 that's gonna shape the politics of 2024. >> yeah, wisconsin is a real, like, flashing red light about the nature of american democracy. all right, thank you very much. >> thank you so much, chris. >> still ahead, another woman cruises georgia republican senate candidate herschel walker of pushing her to get an abortion. will republicans continue to defend walker with less than

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developments in the run up to the midterms is that the trump backed candidate for u.s. senate in georgia, herschel walker, a guy who supports a national abortion ban with no exceptions is on the record saying that. now, faces allegations by two different women that he pressured them to get abortions. the very procedure that, of course, he would have made

illegal. the latest allegations surfaced yesterday when an anonymous woman came forward claiming that walker drove her to a clinic for an abortion in 1993. the woman's lawyer presented evidence that they said supports or claim over relationship with walker. including an apparent voice message from him. and a photograph of him clothes on a bed. she told reporters on zoom that her allegation is not politically motivated. >> i am a registered independent. and i voted for donald trump in both elections. i did not believe that herschel is morally fit to be a u.s. senator. >> now, i should tell you, we are here nbc news have not regard this woman's account. all the material she presented, it didn't provide specific evidence of the actual abortion, unlike the other woman, remember, who showed up with a receipt from the place you got the abortion, right, as close as you can get to cooperating documentary evidence. but we should also note,

herschel walker is not exactly defeated the facts here. his response is just more of the broke response he had last time. this is a lie and i moved on. >> another accuser has come forward. anonymous, although she spoke to reporters today saying that she, that you pressured her to have an abortion. and that you paid for it. how do you respond to that? >> well, that is a lie. and i've said that is a lie. and i hope people can see right now that raphael warnock and the left will do whatever they can do in this seat back. >> you are seeing the don't know this person? >> what i am saying, this is a lie. and i've said it once i moved on with my campaign of moved on. >> well, of course he has moved on. he doesn't wanna talk about it. of course not the first claim against walker, because just a few weeks ago, walker paid for her abortion in 2000 and. nine allegation included an actual receipt from the abortion clinic, as evan or dollar check dated a few days

later, a card, get well soon card signed by herschel, walker apparently. walker has acknowledged the czech, but denies it was for an abortion. he gives lots of people money. and so that is the strategy, this apparently not so pro-life candidate for senate. and i move on. and here's the thing,. i don't know, maybe none of this really matters. i think it matters in the margins. but i think what is really clear is that republicans don't care. of course they don't care. they don't actually believe what they say they believe about abortion being murder. or even if they do, they don't care enough about that two hole to it. just today, republican senator lindsey graham of south carolina, a guy who is out proposing a federal ban on abortions about women at 17 weeks who has a fetus that is an viable is gonna have to sit around and go skeptic before she can get a procedure, that same guy who wants that women to go through that sheer horror was in georgia campaigning with walker, listen to what he said. >> all of this crap they are throwing at you, coming from los angeles?

13 days before an election? all you've got going for you is the people of georgia. so i have seen this movie before. remember, kevin, all right? right, then all the stuff comes. out there's another, one and another, one another one. >> yeah, i've seen the movie before with roy moore, that was another one. and another one, and another one. but again, this is where the republican party is right now. they've created this radically steel universe where you can't trust anyone that says anything negative about the guy you like. so they can throw their support behind a guy who is pro-life who's been accused now pressuring two women to have an abortion and i don't think it keeps anyone up at night. but if you keep the rest of us overnight. us overnight. and it could strike at any time. think you're not at risk? wake up. because shingles could wake up in you. if you're over 50, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about shingles prevention.

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technically when enamel is gone, you cannot get it back. but there are ways you can repair it. i'm excited about pronamel repair because it penetrates deep into the tooth to help actively repair acid-weakened enamel. i recommend pronamel repair to my patients. with all the ford and 35 house seats under election in less than two weeks, you can't take anything for granted. five seats that were thought to be democratic hotly contested. there's also some surprises in the other direction. the biggest one comes from alaska. pretty red state, with one single at large district, that's existed for 63 years. nearly 50 of those years, the sea was held by one man, republican don young, a legendary figure. when he died, earlier this year, something shocking happened. a democrat, name mary peltola ran for a seat over the special

election, she won. now -- wind wise rank choice voting, which allows people to rank who their preferences are. in lieu of a primary, and then -- this allows voters for nuance choices. peltola rad incredibly strong race, she was helped by the other factor, she was running against two republicans who were absolutely despise each other. one, sarah palin, former governor of alaska, vice presidential nominee. and the nexus nick baggage, who worked on young 2020 campaign as a famous name in alaska. the feud between palin baggage, has been intense in public. last month, palin called on baggage to drop out, calling him delusional. the summer for the summer election, the father and stepmother of sarah palin's ex has been, todd, remember. hem host an event -- for nick baggage. now the same three, people to republican senate democrat are

running for the same seat this fall. this is the normal election, they're also running with newcomer. if the republican party could squash the beef between palin and begich, they have a good shot. but it's not looking likely. and pay lip hasn't been shy about showing her admiration for peltola who's won all kinds of farms across alaska politics. listen to how palin talked about peltola, her rival, during the debate last night. >> it's so funny that even in this race, people actually hold our friendship against us. so, it's heartening to get to stand beside somebody who gets a. maybe it's that alaskan chick thing, you know. tough alaskans, commercial fish, pregnant at the same time in office, we took heat for that too. >> it all sounds like an endorsement. peltola has scored other major endorsements like from alaska republican senate lisa --

peltola first. adam the late congressman young's daughter, the staff of also come out in support of peltola. we'll pale a and begich, creek to new to beef, but the current democrat and congresswoman running on a pro jobs, pro choice, pro family platform is a shock staying on as the democratic congressman from alaska. mary peltola joins me now. congress woman, it's great to have you on the program. i was describing earlier today, and our meeting, your agenda. the pro choice, pro job, pro fish, pro family. and someone said, what's pro fish? well, i think i know what i ask you what's the pro-fish in your pro fish agenda? >> well, the alaskan economy is filled in part on the fishing industry. and my former job was with the inner tribal fish commission. unfortunately, we've had 13 years of serious declines of chinook salmon.

we've had three years of very precipitous declines in chum salmon, silver salmon, reds are doing well in bristol bay, but some of our other species are in decline to the point where we're not catching maybe 1% of our need. then the crab industry, is in the tanks. so, that's what it's really about. about low ocean productivity and a management is responding. >> so, it strikes me here, one of the things that's happened to american politics just in the time of governor. that is it used to be much more regional, much more local, -- and it's gotten much more national. everyone fights about being national, but it seems like you found a way, to resist that both to resist the national polarization and to talk about issues that are very alaska specific. is that intentional? >> oh absolutely. i don't pretend to be a national politician, or really invested in any platform, of any political party.

i'm in alaskan born and raised, lifetime alaskan. i think alaskans really appreciate hearing from someone who doesn't have a candid message. >> yeah, it's pretty striking. it's striking to see the cross party endorsements, lisa murkowski who's the republican senator, she's in the center of that caucus, meaning she sort of one of the most moderate members of the republican caucus. how does it come about, is it a product of a unique politics, or of the rank choice voting system? >> i think it's not really anything to do with rank choice voting. it really is a product of alaska, in terms of numbers of people or a very small state. leaders know that only harms us and our state when we're making enemies. the three of us, were lifelong alaskans, we've been in leadership positions for over 20 years, and we recognize that memories are long and friends come and go, but enemies are

used to caved. and there's no sense of making an amaze. >> it's so, weird through the looking glass in the way that most politics really -- what you're saying is, politics one-on-one. try to be affable, try to create friendships, try to get people to like you, whatever their politics are. but it seems like it's opposite. it does seem like in your state there's something different going on there? >> well, like you said, it didn't used to be like this. when i was elected in 1998, when i first was energies to politics firsthand in 1996. there was so much more bipartisanship. at that time, we had senator ten stevens, who had been working for alaskans for decades. he had such a close partnership and friendship with senator daniel in away from hawaii. examples like that, congressman young, my predecessor, was one fewer of 50 people to lay in state. and nancy pelosi was the person that made that happen. he welcomed every single member

of congress, as a freshman. and he had friendships that spanned across all party lines, and all of the range of parties. i think, it's fair to say there's parties within parties now. >> yes, don young was absolutely one-of-a-kind. anyone who ever interacted of him will tell you, so, it's only fitting for alaska to have a one-of-a-kind member representing them. mary portola, thank you very. much >> thank you, chris. still to come, many reasons to be concerned about climate change, we talk about all the time in the show. but there is also genuine concrete tangible, real reasons for help, things are moving in the right direction. an optimistic -- about the environment, next. -- about the environment, next. about the environment, next. you can repair it. i'm excited about pronamel repair because it penetrates deep into the tooth to help actively repair acid-weakened enamel. i recommend pronamel repair to my patients.

hmmm. -good morning jen. to help actively repair acid-weakened enamel. shall we see how you slept? all right, sleep tracker, let's see the damage. oh! that's not good. you sound... tired. oh, thanks. what? when did i- morning! oh, great. there's two of them. good days start with good nights. so i would ask your doctor about both. calling doctor johannes. no, please, i can do that. all right? i have moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. now, there's skyrizi. with skyrizi, 3 out of 4 people achieved 90% clearer skin at 4 months... and skyrizi is just 4 doses a year, after 2 starter doses. serious allergic reactions and an increased risk of infections, or a lower ability to fight them, may occur. tell your doctor if you have an infection or symptoms, had a vaccine or plan to. ♪nothing is everything♪ talk to your dermatologist about skyrizi. learn how abbvie could help you save.

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journalist named david wallace wells wrote this fantastic magazine, it's one of those magazine pieces that people just noticed and read, passed around, it was called the uninhabitable earth. the piece later became a book. a warning about the possibilities of our apocalyptic future, what it would look like a far future got as bad as it, could worsen a wildfire, floods, mass extinctions. it was a call to action. and now it's five years later and things are actually quite as bad, i will say this personally, for the first time in the 20 years that i've

covered the climate catastrophe, there really could be some relatively good news. thanks to the measures that have been taking in the three last 3 to 5 years, and there's been reported on by the very same guy who wrote the -- economy now is david walsh, whose new magazine piece leaner times called beyond catastrophe, a new climate reality is coming into view, great to see you david, you know i love. you >> he trendier, work i would like to see this piece. what is the new reality coming? >> well, there are two stories happening at once. and that is a little tricky -- we something for five degrees of warning was what was called business-as-usual the century. that was really quite, that we are about 1.2 now, so three or four times as much warning as we have now. now, because of action and political mobilization and -- business-as-usual is somewhere between two and three. so only about half as bad as we thought a few years ago. chances are, if we move really quickly and really aggressively, we can even get a blow to. the bad news is that the other

part of the story is that we lost the window of opportunity to keep temperatures levels below 1.5 degrees, which was the global goal. so the worst-case scenario is unlikely now. best-case outcomes are also impossible. >> right, so you talk about it as a sort of squeezing in. right? so, this makes sense, right, when you are starting at the trip there is a wider array. and the further you go on this trajectory, right, the more you can get him done. we now, the worst-case scenario, business as usual means no one does anything. there was a world, i remember reading pieces, writing pieces where i was seeing business-as-usual can be seven agrees. and 70 breezes, like, that is really one people -- but seven agrees is probably not a habitable planet. >> at least around the equator. >> yeah, you know, just, that is like really. what is changed to get us from business as usual being practically bad, to his as usual being very very bad half as bad as it was? >> i wondered different things.

one is that we are just no longer theme that we are gonna be bringing much colder century. like, especially in rich countries in the world. maybe there will be a little bit more in china and india and the ukraine war is gonna produce a little bit more in europe, but if we are matching ten or 20 years from now, the coldest economy -- fallen dependent on what people want to measure. 90 in last decade. anyone making long term plans is going to make long-term investments and renewables. and in part because of that, and in part because of political mobilization the world over, we have global leaders who are really committed to this thing. talking about climate now as a top shelf political priority. and they are really making legislative policy as a result. >> this is the thing about the progress here, and i've use this metaphor before. the people want progress to be like painting offense, or, like you know every moment how far you have gone. and it's like getting stuck charlotte off. where you pressed you press the press and then you pass it around and then it pops off. right? we are not quite at pops off and everything is great, but i do think people have internalized, people don't pay

as careful attention as i think you do and i think i do. that all of this work, all of this effort, all of this mobilization, all of these credits over the past, paris, all this stuff, it really has moved the world energy mix in a better direction. like, appreciably at a number senate factor. >> yeah, it's really interesting, five mares ago you would, say don't nobody really appreciates the scale this reputation started. certainly look at there when we saw the world's norm normally -- now we are back -- as a result, it's sort of clouding what should be a pretty optimistic story. because, like, what about those wildfires? what about that? janet's heat waves? all of those things are and president, by the way, they will get comfortably wish from here. but the endgame looks still much better than we thought just a few years ago. >> yeah, and i want to, again, keep us with my. head because i don't want to, like, it will get worse. there is much more warning already baked in. and we still need to make even faster changes. right? there, i have talked to people who are like, they temper that opposition. like, we have already snatched

a bunch of low hanging fruit. so, like, solar power turned out to be really cheap really fast. electricals. but industrial policies, flying, there's all this stuff. her problems to solve differently. are we throwing the right amount of resources and brains at those hard problems? >> i mean, probably not yet. we are starting to make investments a lot of those areas, do a lot of our andy. the thing i would keep in mind is that in order to keep temperatures to 1.5 degrees, which is, i think, vanishing leon likely, maybe even not possible at this point. it means getting to zero emissions by 2050. staying below two degrees, which will be a lot worse but, you know, still a better outcome than three or four, staying below two degrees only requires us to get there by 2070 or 2080. there is a lot more that we can do in the next 50 or 60 years than we can imagine doing in the next 28 years. and so we need to be making those investments much more aggressively for sure. we can't just be doing the build out of renewables. we need to be developing new tech as well. but we have more time than we might have thought a few years

ago. in part because we are moving so quickly on solar, wind, and even eternal edgy, which is moving much faster than anybody really believe just a few years ago. >> no one did. people in this space, in the investment space didn't think so. the solar cost drops and curbs. would look insane and almost anybody if you are back in time. >> the iea says now that solar power is the cheapest electricity in history. other reports say the 19 of the world lives in places where solar power issue brittany other power. this, is, like all new landscape. we are gonna be living in a whole new world. we already are. and it's gonna be a little bit better than the one that we fear. >> capitals, thank you. really, really appreciate. i'm thrilled to say that tomorrow for the first time since 2020, i'm gonna host a special edition of all in with a live studio audience. some very special guests. don't forget to tune in tomorrow 8 pm eastern, i am incredibly excited about that. that is all in on this thursday night, alex wagner's night starts right now, good evening, alex.