VOA [Voice of America] Africa : November 12, 2017 02:00PM-03:00PM EST
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VOA [Voice of America] Africa : November 12, 2017 02:00PM-03:00PM EST
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00:00:00
Allege human rights abuses committed inside
and outside of the Rooney between Epona
00:00:04
2015 and October 27180 Safavian
news never happy Lebanon president
00:00:11
Michel
00:00:12
a union Saturday called for Saudi Arabia
to explain why Saad Hariri has yet to
00:00:18
return to his country week after the prime
minister resigned unexpectedly during
00:00:23
a visit to Riyadh it unit has yet to
formally accept resignation he said
00:00:30
and he in French president Emmanuel McCrone
had spoken Saturday about the latest
00:00:35
developments in the curious case later
Saturday Hariri was seen attending
00:00:40
a welcome reception for the Saudi King
Solomon an airport also the White House
00:00:46
called on all states and parties to respect
Lebanon sovereignty independence and
00:00:51
constitutional process sees the
White House and Hillary has been
00:00:55
a trusted partner of the United States
and strengthening Lebanese institutions
00:00:59
fighting terrorism and protecting refugees
adding that the Lebanese armed forces in
00:01:04
the Lebanese state security forces are the
only legitimate security authorities and
00:01:09
11 on and Cambodia one of Asia's poorest
countries the rapid improvement in
00:01:15
internet connectivity and availability
of affordable smart phones has been
00:01:18
a great leveller many of its roughly
15000000 urban and rural inhabitants have
00:01:24
gained in
00:01:25
a short time span access to mobile Internet
and social media this provides relatively
00:01:31
free communications and independent
non-government sources of information however
00:01:36
in the past year or so of the optimism among
activists over the positive impacts of
00:01:40
greater internet access has
given way to growing fears as
00:01:43
a Cambodian government stepped up efforts
to curtail the online freedom that I'm
00:01:48
trying to make me into in Washington
that's the latest world news from b
00:01:52
o 8. This is Encounter bonds.
00:02:00
V.o.a.
00:02:01
Here's Carol Castillo. Welcome to Encounter
on The Voice of America on this edition
00:02:07
of the program the significance
and outcomes of u.s.
00:02:10
President Donald Trump's trip to Asia
Hello again I'm Carol Castiel u.s.
00:02:15
President Donald Trump embarked on
00:02:17
a 12 day trip to Asia including stops in
Japan South Korea China Vietnam and the
00:02:23
Philippines president trumps national
security advisor McMaster said the
00:02:29
president's trip would focus on 3 main
goals 1st strengthening international
00:02:34
resolve to denuclearize
North Korea 2nd to promote
00:02:38
a free and open Indo Pacific region and 3rd
to advance American prosperity through
00:02:44
free and reciprocal trade and economic
practices so with us to analyze the
00:02:49
president's trip and its ramifications are
2 distinguished regional analysts Walter
00:02:55
Loman is director of the Asian Studies
Center at the Heritage Foundation that's
00:02:59
a conservative think tank based here in
Washington and Patrick Cronin He's senior
00:03:04
advisor and senior director of the Asia
Pacific Security Program at the Center for
00:03:09
a New American Security and that's
00:03:11
a think tank also based here in Washington
and both gentlemen joined me here at the
00:03:16
v.o.a.
00:03:16
Broadcast Center in Washington welcome to
the program Buck you Carol thank you well
00:03:22
let me begin with you the overall goal of
the trip security oriented trying to curb
00:03:29
North Korea's ambitions also trade as the
trip is ending do you think President
00:03:35
Trump has made progress toward
fulfilling the trip's stated goals i.e.
00:03:40
Advancing u.s.
00:03:41
Security and economic interests Well we'll
see what happens in the days to come he
00:03:46
clearly took that case to Beijing and talked
to President Xi Jinping about the need
00:03:52
to get tougher on North Korea and for
Security Council resolutions to try to
00:03:57
isolate North Korea we won't know exactly.
How successful that is and for some time
00:04:02
because often the Chinese seem to commit
to that and then later we find out they
00:04:06
haven't done so much obviously in Korea and
Japan he has willing allies people who
00:04:11
are ready to do whatever they can in
partnership with the United States to curb
00:04:15
North Korea's nuclear intentions
Patrick Cronin just on
00:04:18
a 1st overview of the trip how do you see
President Trump's fulfillment of the main
00:04:25
goal so far Well I think he's stuck to
the script and he has pursued both the
00:04:30
security and the trade policies plus
he's outlined Now what is the post pivot
00:04:35
strategy of the United States that is
beyond the Obama administration's rebalance
00:04:39
to Asia it turns out that u.s.
00:04:41
Policy is largely one of continuity and I
think it's the most spectacular outcome
00:04:46
is that there's very little
change and that's not
00:04:48
a bad thing this is based on longstanding
interest in in the region and here you
00:04:53
have this fairly unorthodox
president coming in who has said
00:04:57
a lot of harsh things especially about
multilateral trade and been willing to
00:05:01
criticize allies for not doing
enough and yet we've come away with
00:05:04
a lot of continuity as well we'll talk
about some of the differences particularly
00:05:07
his abdication of the p.p.
00:05:10
The transpacific partnership that will
take on that later in the program back to
00:05:14
you Walter Loman Let's take a look
at the 1st leg in Japan that was
00:05:19
a little bit of a love fest there was
00:05:21
a lot of good chemistry between Prime
Minister Shinzo Ave and President Trump he
00:05:25
told Prime Minister that Japan
could protect itself from
00:05:29
a nuclear armed North Korea by buying
billions of dollars of American military
00:05:33
equipment so drawing an explicit link
between trade and security how do you see
00:05:39
that and what is your biggest takeaway from
that trip Well I don't think that's the
00:05:44
most constructive way to approach an ally
that is encourage them to buy more stuff
00:05:49
so that they can better defend themselves
but the Japanese already do buy
00:05:53
a lot of American equipment in
our militaries already enjoy
00:05:57
a good deal of integration so he's right
that. The equipment they have in the
00:06:01
equipment that they will purchase from the
United States will help defend them as
00:06:04
well the extensive cooperation that we have
with them I think the excessive phrase
00:06:10
of season paying is
00:06:11
a mistake it puts the us into somewhat
of an inferior position I think I think
00:06:16
whereby flattery is
00:06:18
a very effective instrument for the Chinese
they're actually not very susceptible
00:06:22
to it themselves I don't know what he thinks
he's accomplishing with that flattery
00:06:25
but I don't think it's
00:06:26
a very good idea we're going to get into
South Korea and his trip to Beijing in
00:06:32
a minute but 1st let me go to Patrick
Cronin for your take Patrick on that Japan
00:06:37
leg Well Carol I was just in Japan and
the prime minister of Japan is is
00:06:43
tremendously buoyed by the recent snap
election where he's really gained
00:06:46
a new lease on life politically and
here he now hosts President Trump
00:06:52
a man he sought out right after the election
was the 1st leader to come in and see
00:06:56
him in New York and he's formed
00:06:57
a very close bond between the prime
minister of Japan and President Trump and I
00:07:02
think the summit went exceedingly well
from Primus obvious perspective he got
00:07:06
everything he wanted and although some of
the rhetoric that you cited about buying
00:07:10
arms is not very statesman like in the
normal run of things we have to separate I
00:07:16
think the administration's goals of Trump
and the president's negotiating tactic
00:07:21
his negotiating tactic
when he goes in with
00:07:23
a leader is to focus on one or 2
objectives and to try to see if he can get
00:07:29
a little more progress on one or 2 deals
he's very transactional that way but the
00:07:34
overall administration's policy is strong
commitment to our cornerstone ally Japan
00:07:38
we're going to work together on pressuring
North Korea we're going to work on
00:07:42
improving trade and
investment between the u.s.
00:07:45
In Japan they didn't disagree about
a free trade agreement which was
00:07:48
a big potential ask from Trump to Abyei
they agreed to kind of put that rhetoric to
00:07:53
the side but in fact since the United
States has withdrawn from the p.p.
00:07:58
a Big goal of prime. There's
00:08:00
a great need to fill that space in we
have more on that let's turn now to South
00:08:05
Korea Walter Loman in your take on that
particular leg of the trip how would you
00:08:10
characterize relations between Mr Trump and
President moon especially regarding the
00:08:15
North Korean threat what changed as
00:08:18
a result of this trip Well I think the
relationship is good with some underlying
00:08:22
tension to it I mean in
that the moon comes from
00:08:25
a completely different area on
the political spectrum he's
00:08:29
a liberal or progressive in the
South Korean parlance and Trump is
00:08:33
a Republican you know and all that entails
in American politics so that underlies
00:08:38
the good relationship moon has
00:08:40
a tendency he wants to promote good dialogue
with North Korea and Trump is just the
00:08:44
opposite what's brought us together on the
nuclear tests in the missile launches
00:08:47
and everything else that has papered over
really those differences for the time
00:08:50
being and we'll see when things like you
know whether they remain as close but Mr
00:08:55
Trump did tone down his rhetoric he doesn't
want to yes he did with regard to North
00:08:59
Korea how do you see it Patrick Cronin
that trip to Seoul and the relationship
00:09:04
between President moon and President Trump
and to what extent can they cooperate
00:09:09
see eye to eye on thwarting North Korea's
nuclear ambitions I think Walter was
00:09:14
right to emphasize the fact that despite
the different ideologies of Moon and Trump
00:09:18
It's surprising how tightly
wound they are together on
00:09:23
a North Korean strategy basically President
moon of South Korea got from President
00:09:27
Trump what he wanted he got
00:09:28
a commitment to say that our pressure
strategy which we agree on maximum pressure
00:09:34
on North Korea to try to come to the table
is oriented toward the objective of
00:09:37
diplomacy and that we don't want
to see military action that was
00:09:41
a concession relative to the kind of harsh
rhetoric that we've seen earlier indeed
00:09:45
and before we leave this soul let me
ask you Walter Loman about this new
00:09:49
rapprochement between China and South Korea
as you know aging was punishing Seoul
00:09:55
for its decision to install the fat missile
defense system which was aimed at North
00:09:59
Korea. They perceived as being aimed at
them and it decided recently to lift its
00:10:05
export ban and allow Chinese tour visits
to South Korea how does that Rupp Rocher
00:10:10
mall between Beijing and Seoul affect u.s.
00:10:14
South Korean ties well that's just the
sort of event I'm talking about that could
00:10:19
serve to change u.s.
00:10:22
Career relations or at least relations
between Trump and in we were on the same
00:10:26
page with regard to China for the last 9
months or so or at least since Moon came
00:10:31
in later in the year so now that the South
Koreans are patching it up with the
00:10:36
Chinese I think that could expose some of
the underlying differences between the 2
00:10:41
how do you see that Patrick
Cronin this reproach to u.s.
00:10:45
South Korean relations Well I think China
wants to elicit more positive relations
00:10:52
with Seoul because the pressure strategy
against them the economic coercion they've
00:10:55
used against South Korea
because they've deployed
00:10:58
a missile defense battery hasn't really
worked so China's pivoting in the other
00:11:02
direction here and in South Korea saying
you know let's go along with these basic
00:11:06
principles you've outlined even though we
haven't agreed to anything but these are
00:11:09
the so-called 3 knows that China asked
for no additional That missile defense
00:11:14
batteries to be deployed no formal alliance
between and among Japan are Ok and the
00:11:20
United States and no further integration
of their missile defense systems none of
00:11:25
that was in the cards in the short term
anyhow so South Korea has not given
00:11:28
anything away hasn't signed anything but
China is now set the new principles by
00:11:32
which they'll judge whether they should be
more or less cooperate with South Korea
00:11:36
and Walter the White House said the
President Trump would decide by next week
00:11:40
whether or not to read
designate North Korea as
00:11:42
a state sponsor of terrorism that was a
status that held until the George w.
00:11:47
Bush administration dropped it from the
list in 2008 do you think that North Korea
00:11:52
should be we designated as
00:11:54
a state sponsor of terrorism at this point
how effective would that be I do think
00:11:59
they need to be. Designated they were
obviously guilty of terrorism if only for the
00:12:05
assassination attempt on Kim Jong un's half
brother and Malaysia well as more than
00:12:09
attempt was successful in their effort
actually within China to to target his son
00:12:14
so they are definitely engaged in terrorism
how effective it would be largely the
00:12:19
sanctions that would come in place or
duplicative of the ones that are already in
00:12:23
place but it's still
00:12:24
a blow to them and encourage mint to all
the countries around the world now where
00:12:28
approaching to cut relations with North
Korea how do you see that Patrick Cronin is
00:12:33
that is that
00:12:34
a good idea would our allies be encouraged
by that could that harm the ultimate
00:12:39
objective of thwarting North Korea's nuclear
ambitions I don't think it could do
00:12:43
any harm I think the bigger request right
now from the trumpet ministration is for
00:12:48
the full and Foresman of sanctions
economically to really pressure North Korea
00:12:53
economically because they're hoping that
with China's help that over the next 6 to
00:12:57
9 months the revenues coming into North
Korea are significantly more than
00:13:02
a 3rd cut so that North Korea has
some greater incentive to stop
00:13:06
a nuclear testing stop the long range
missile test and come back to the table I
00:13:10
think that economic sanctions are going to
00:13:12
a lot better chance of working than
just calling them out for being
00:13:16
a terrorist nation although the president
did say pretty bluntly in the National
00:13:20
Assembly speech that this is
00:13:22
a cult this is indeed an extreme regime
you're listening to Encounter on The Voice
00:13:27
of America my guests are Walter Loman
director of the Asian Studies Center at the
00:13:32
Heritage Foundation and Patrick Cronin from
whom you just heard he's senior adviser
00:13:37
and senior director of the Asia Pacific
Security Program at the Center for
00:13:41
a New American Security we're discussing
in assessing President Donald Trump's trip
00:13:46
across Asia this is
00:13:47
a reminder that our encounter podcast is
available for free download on i Tunes You
00:13:52
can find the download by clicking on the
i Tunes tab on our website at v.o.a.
00:13:56
News dot com slash encounter You may also.
Follow me on Twitter at Carol Castiel
00:14:02
v.o.a. Or connect with us on
Facebook here's a shout out to he's
00:14:06
a loyal listener from Perth Australia
well back to you Walter Loman Let's talk
00:14:11
about President Trump's visit to China
the Beijing leg of course President Xi
00:14:17
coming off of the recent Communist Party
Congress re some mentoring his role as
00:14:23
party leaders
00:14:24
a very strong leader he sees the United
States and China as co superpowers How
00:14:31
would you assess President Trump's visit
his sort of increasing cozying up to she
00:14:37
trying to persuade him to exert more pressure
on North Korea to curtail its nuclear
00:14:42
ambitions well as I say I
think we'll have to wait
00:14:46
a little bit of time to see how successful
it actually is in terms of action from
00:14:49
the Chinese on North Korea I think most
China experts will tell you that this
00:14:55
approach to season paying to sort of
flatter him into agreement with you is not
00:15:01
going to work in
00:15:02
a strange and going to have to bring real
pressure to bear if it's going to have
00:15:05
any impact on Chinese calculations about
its allies and North Korea so we'll see
00:15:11
what he said behind the scenes Hopefully
he threatened some of these actions and
00:15:15
that this public expression of admiration
for Susan Ping did not continue behind
00:15:20
closed doors Patrick Cronin secretary of
state Rex Tillerson said that there's no
00:15:26
space between both of our objectives i.e.
00:15:28
Beijing and Washington but he said we
have our own view of the tactics and the
00:15:33
timing and how far to go with pressure
respect to North Korea do you think the
00:15:39
United States is overestimating she's
leverage over Kim Jong un you know the United
00:15:45
States is asking for China to close
North Korea bank accounts cut off cold
00:15:49
purchases send North Korean workers home
to cut off oil shipments are any of these
00:15:54
demands going to be met by China what did
we get from China visit the north. North
00:16:00
Korea was the bigger of the 2 ass from
President Trump of Communist Party chairman
00:16:06
and paying and I think the
United States has won
00:16:10
a commitment to do some more actions to
pressure North Korea but not nearly as many
00:16:15
as we'd like and this whole policy is an
exploration of how far China might go to
00:16:20
join
00:16:21
a maximum pressure strategy any gains that
we get from China cooperating on this we
00:16:25
think will be useful how much leverage
does trying to have theoretically it has
00:16:29
a lot because of the economic flows from
China to North Korea practically speaking
00:16:34
China is never going to give us as much
as we want but again as I say if we can
00:16:37
even cut the revenue coming into North
Korea over the next 6 to 9 months one 3rd
00:16:42
they could really feel enough pressure to
at least want to consider some diplomacy
00:16:47
it may not work but nothing else has worked
either so you know using the maximum
00:16:51
pressure strategy is at least
00:16:53
a sensible approach when you don't want
to cause war but you definitely want to
00:16:57
deter North Korea from ever using these
weapons or even trying to acquire them so
00:17:01
Walter do you think President Trump was
able to convince Xi Jinping to implement
00:17:07
these more forceful sanctions any of these
actions or is China more concerned about
00:17:14
you know North Korea being
00:17:15
a valuable buffer against reunification of
the Korean Peninsula of refugees flowing
00:17:21
over the border I mean how does he that
is changing ping see the balance of power
00:17:26
in interests well several of the things
you mentioned the coal shipments natural
00:17:30
gas and oil and many other things
are already banned day by the u.n.
00:17:33
Security Council resolutions of the Chinese
voted for so they should be willing to
00:17:38
implement those and that's been part of the
problem over the years is that not only
00:17:41
do they drag out these negotiations
over each successive Security Council
00:17:45
resolution really has an advocate for
North Korea but then they don't implement
00:17:49
them fully so hopefully Donald Trump
could at least convince the Chinese to
00:17:54
implement the things that they have
agreed to implement as a part of the u.n.
00:17:57
Security Council and of course pets. Cronin
there are other topics there are the
00:18:02
maritime disputes in the South China Sea
What if anything did the United States get
00:18:07
with regard to China's aggressive actions
in the South China Sea Well the other big
00:18:13
ask of President Trump in facing President
Xi in Beijing was actually on the trade
00:18:19
issue market access and the trade imbalance
the issue of the South China Sea came
00:18:23
up in passing but it really was part of
the speech in denying Vietnam where the
00:18:28
president spoke eloquently about
00:18:30
a free and open Indo-Pacific region and
he did mention as he hadn't Beijing that
00:18:36
the United States is not going to change
its commitment to freedom of navigation
00:18:40
This is
00:18:40
a longstanding practice of how America has
engaged across Asia in the end of Pacific
00:18:46
region for more than
00:18:46
a couple 100 years so nothing was really
sought rather the position was stated how
00:18:53
do you see that Walter Loman notwithstanding
the South China Sea maritime disputes
00:18:59
not perhaps as prominent topic as the market
access and trade imbalance do you see
00:19:05
any movement in that regard in our differences
over the South China Sea No I think
00:19:11
that's
00:19:12
a positive thing out of this trip that is
transactional as Trump seems to be there
00:19:17
didn't seem to be any trade offs between
Porton American interests for example we
00:19:22
didn't trade off freedom of the seas in
the South China Sea for increased market
00:19:26
access or something like that on the issue
of market access in particular I don't
00:19:30
know how much more we're going to get on
that we've read in Goshen with the Chinese
00:19:35
on several things that they've already
agreed to for instance in May We got
00:19:38
a new commitment on the importing beef
something they had already promised to do
00:19:42
but now promised do again so each time
they offer these same issues up what the
00:19:46
president did do is focus on
00:19:48
a lot of business deals and so by reports
got $250000000000.00 worth of business
00:19:54
deals we don't know exactly what they are
what they represent are they use at this
00:19:58
point are they wrapped in. Different projects
are already in process or are not but
00:20:03
that seems to be where he's focused he has
an obsession with the trade deficit not
00:20:07
the best measure of the health of our
trading relationships but that's what he
00:20:10
cares most about but he's not going to get
at that by one off deals with Boeing and
00:20:15
g.e.
00:20:16
And others is going to have to address
bigger systemic issues both in the American
00:20:19
economy and in the Chinese economy in the
way that they interact well back to you
00:20:24
Patrick Cronin with regard to the annual
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation form
00:20:30
which began on Friday in denying Vietnam
how do you see the outcome of that
00:20:35
particular form and what's in it for the
United States Mr Trump was supposed to be
00:20:40
pushing you know bilateral free trade
agreements what was the takeaway from that
00:20:45
particular forum well going into the APEC
summit meeting of leaders President Trump
00:20:51
was able to give an outline of his
administration's Asia policy this is this free
00:20:58
and open in the Pacific I think the
elements of continuity in the trumpet
00:21:01
ministrations approach to trade investment
are seen as positive and from countries
00:21:06
like Vietnam that so want to be doing more
trade investment with the United States
00:21:11
it was one of the and it is one of the
stakeholders in the tepee there's
00:21:15
a great opportunity for even that bilateral
relationship I think there's still
00:21:19
questions about America's economic weight
though especially since the president
00:21:24
trumps main strategic objective in Asia
is to be able to compete in the long run
00:21:29
with this rising China and
outside of t p p where we had
00:21:34
a chance of having some geo political sway
in the region not just economic ties we
00:21:39
haven't fully joined that debate about
how we get there and I think that's not
00:21:43
resolve but we'll see at least this
outline that he's given in Vietnam of
00:21:47
a free and open in the Pacific can be built
on in watch that space let's see what
00:21:52
else we can do well that's interesting you
know watch that space how can he build
00:21:56
on that free and open Indo Pacific area.
But how does he do that well to Loman
00:22:02
without powerful tools such as the Trans-Pacific
Partnership and we also heard that
00:22:07
Japanese prime minister Shinzo Ave was
supposed to be having some conversations
00:22:13
about trying to keep the transpacific
partnership alive even without the United
00:22:18
States because countries in the
region see value in that as
00:22:22
a way to counter the rise of China well
that really is the question how does he
00:22:28
create this free and open
Indo-Pacific without
00:22:31
a positive trade agenda the trade agenda
is largely focused on trade remedies and
00:22:35
deficits and renegotiating trade agreements
and that sort of thing and because it's
00:22:39
so focused that way it's hard to actually
engage people I agree that in Japan the 2
00:22:45
sides of greed basically on not disagreeing
but they also didn't agree so the
00:22:51
problem is the one positive element that
Trump is bringing to the table is that he
00:22:55
wants to negotiate
00:22:56
a bilateral free trade agreement with Japan
Japan doesn't really want any part of
00:23:01
it one because they're seeing that u.s.
00:23:04
Trade policy is largely negative Why would
the Japanese sign up to what's going on
00:23:09
in our NAFTA negotiations sort of maximalist
demands and threats to withdraw and on
00:23:14
all the rest so if President
Trump wants to approach have
00:23:18
a positive element here he's going to have
to reformulate his entire trade policies
00:23:22
in the past to give it
00:23:23
a positive spin the other reason that
Japanese don't want much to do with
00:23:28
a bilateral agreement is because they
made so many concessions in the d.p.p.
00:23:32
Concessions that they have
00:23:33
a hard time duplicating in some sort of
bilateral agreement especially because they
00:23:36
suspect I think correctly that trump
ministration would ask for even more
00:23:40
concessions so they've pursued this tepee
Levon which puts them really at the
00:23:45
center of the members of the t p p
00:23:47
a minus United States with the prospect one
day of the United States coming back in
00:23:53
and they've sealed that deal at APEC they've
actually agreed to move forward and
00:23:57
come up with
00:23:58
a framework for concluding. Well that's
really fascinating well as we conclude that
00:24:03
your crown in just basically your assessment
final takeaway from this trip which is
00:24:07
still ongoing What specific progress do
you think was made toward denuclearizing
00:24:12
North Korea one of the main objectives and
on trade and where did Mr Trump perhaps
00:24:17
fall short of denuclearization of the Korean
Peninsula is the long term vision but
00:24:21
nobody thinks it has any prospect in the
short term So really the goal there is to
00:24:25
maximize pressure on North Korea to see
if we can get to some kind of freeze for
00:24:30
something some kind of pause that provides
diplomatic space to deal with this issue
00:24:34
in the meantime we avoid war on the economic
issue at least the president has shown
00:24:39
his commitment to economic growth he wants
to make sure that the region sees the
00:24:44
United States as an economic player in the
long term if he can achieve that he has
00:24:48
a path back to t p p has
00:24:49
a path back to having some Jew economic
engine political leadership in the region
00:24:54
even though right now the game is China's
Belton road initiative which is kind of
00:24:58
influencing the region our set our
SEPTA's Well our step is sort of the low
00:25:03
standard free trade agreement but the
Belt Road initiative is really the rubric
00:25:07
under which ping of China is talking about
major infrastructure development both
00:25:12
maritime and on land across your Asia
in the Pacific and the last word to you
00:25:16
Walter Loman on your final takeaway from
this important trip specific progress you
00:25:22
think was made toward denuclearizing North
Korea and of course on the trade which I
00:25:26
know you have some issues with the most
important thing here about this trip is it
00:25:30
is a commitment by the president
United States to traditional u.s.
00:25:34
Positions in the western Pacific that's
the most important thing that comes away
00:25:38
from this and he has done it you could go
back 6 months ago and we couldn't take
00:25:43
that for granted Ok so he's done the right
thing there on the trade side I don't
00:25:47
see us role economically in the region as
competing with China and I don't see it
00:25:53
as economic growth I see it as
00:25:54
a matter of encouraging economic freedom
and the only way that you do that really
00:25:58
practically speaking is through. Free trade
agreements and of the president wants
00:26:02
to get back to some kind of free trade
agreement he's going to have to have
00:26:04
a positive element to his trade policy and
not just renegotiations and remedies and
00:26:09
protectionism he's going to
have to think about this in
00:26:11
a new way on that note I'm afraid that's
all the time we have on this edition of
00:26:15
encounter I like to thank my guests Walter
Loman director of the Asian Studies
00:26:19
Center at the Heritage Foundation and
Patrick Cronin senior director of the Asia
00:26:24
Pacific Security Program at the Center for
00:26:26
a New American Security Gentlemen thanks
so much for your terrific insights
00:26:31
encounter was produced in Washington thanks
to Rebecca ward for booking our guests
00:26:36
our engineer was John Allison. Join me
again next week for another encounter
00:26:43
on the Voice of America.
00:27:01
Learning English daily 30 minute
program from the Voice of America.
00:27:09
Must go and Dorothy Kennedy this
program is aimed at learners
00:27:15
so we speak
00:27:17
a little slower and we use words and phrases
as specially written for people who
00:27:23
learning English.
00:27:30
Today on the program you will hear
stories from Teo and door of the Gandhi
00:27:38
later Katie Weaver and
Ashley Thompson have
00:27:42
a special report on one of America's
national treasures but 1st this report.
00:27:51
To make room for agriculture trees and
other plants are often cleared away
00:27:57
so that farmers have space to grow
crops the clearing of forests
00:28:04
forces many animals from their
homes they often flee the area in
00:28:11
search of a new place to live there is
00:28:16
a big downside to that some of those
animals are natural predators they
00:28:22
control pest populations they can
help to clear the fields of rats
00:28:29
mice and other rodents that
eat and damaged crops this
00:28:36
happened at one small farming
village in Indonesia after land was
00:28:43
cleared for farming rats and mice
began appearing in large numbers
00:28:50
villagers tried to target the animals by
smoking them out and hunting them but the
00:28:57
villagers were unsuccessful so one
farmer decided to try another
00:29:04
method
00:29:05
a natural one. Who show Arto brought
00:29:12
out to his farm. House after all
are experts at hunting rodents
00:29:19
it is what they do and it worked
however Peugeot Arto didn't
00:29:26
stop with his own field he set up
00:29:29
a natural predator program now als
are busy catching rats and mice in
00:29:36
the fields around the village
of to local where. There is
00:29:42
a huge upside no need for chemical
pesticides which can harm not only
00:29:48
rodents but other creatures
in 2011 the Indonesian man
00:29:55
began setting up boxes where the owls
live. He is also raising outlets in
00:30:02
the village after about 4 months
the young birds are released
00:30:10
these facilities have raised more than als
they have also raised awareness in the
00:30:16
community about the importance
of Owls. We raised awareness
00:30:22
within our community by building homes
for these owls at the same time
00:30:30
government officials helped to
create laws to protect these.
00:30:37
In addition to controlling pests Naturally
there is another upside to the program
00:30:44
his village is now
00:30:45
a popular stop for eco tourists people
interested in learning more about als
00:30:52
wildlife protection and natural pest
control come to his village to learn more
00:31:00
for als awareness is good
but popularity is not
00:31:07
because of the Harry Potter books and
movies als are increasingly popular as
00:31:13
pets in Indonesia so many are
sold in local bird markets
00:31:21
however owls are wild
animals and may not be
00:31:25
a good choice to keep around the home
before buying an Al experts warn people
00:31:32
about the downsides of owning one as
00:31:35
a pet owls are loud they can require
00:31:40
a lot of care and attention more
importantly they can be aggressive and can
00:31:47
cause damage or injury their sharp claws
are made for catching small animals and
00:31:54
can injure the owner one Indonesian man
00:31:58
a father did his homework he
knew of all these downsides. But
00:32:05
that did not stop him from buying his
daughter and Al. From getting hurt himself
00:32:13
as parents we usually give our children
what they want that is if we can
00:32:20
but before getting an owl we have
to learn more about the nature of
00:32:26
a now and coincidentally
just recently I got Claude.
00:32:33
This is exactly the kind of situation
Peugeot Arto is trying to end to
00:32:40
date his program has raised and
released more than 2000 birds. He
00:32:46
hopes the program will continue to provide
farmers. For natural pest control
00:32:54
but ours who adds that he hopes his program
also shows people that owls belong in
00:33:00
the wild as natural predators not
in the home as domestic pets
00:33:07
I'm on I'm
00:33:07
a Teo. Everyone
00:33:22
who has been
00:33:22
a student has probably experienced
something like this it is the night
00:33:29
before
00:33:30
a big test in one of your most difficult
classes you tried your best to
00:33:37
study all the information you think will
be included in the test but you are
00:33:43
still worried that you have not studied
hard enough if you fail the test
00:33:50
you will likely fail the class you
start to worry so much that you
00:33:57
start thinking about doing something you
know is wrong. You think about writing
00:34:04
some of the information you
think will be on the test on
00:34:08
a little piece of paper and hiding it
in your clothing you think will my
00:34:15
teacher really be able to see what I am
doing and in the end does doing this
00:34:22
harm anyone Erik and or men says
he has known many young people who
00:34:29
have had these or similar thoughts
in his teaching career It began when
00:34:36
he was
00:34:36
a high school teacher where he witnessed
many students cheating in his classes
00:34:43
now Anderson works at the Ohio State
University in Columbus Ohio he is
00:34:50
a professor of educational psychology and
head of the Department of Educational
00:34:56
studies at Ohio State and Armand says
cheating happens just as much at the
00:35:03
college level as it does in high school
in fact the International Center
00:35:10
for Academic Integrity found that
00:35:13
a majority of American college
students cheat in 2015 over
00:35:19
71000 university students were
asked about cheating about
00:35:26
68 percent of them admitted to
doing so at least once and are men
00:35:32
has been studying why students cheat and
the ways in which they do it for over 20
00:35:39
years his most recent research published
in September provides interesting
00:35:46
information about when students
believe cheating is acceptable his
00:35:53
research involved
00:35:54
a little over 400 students at 2 large
research universities in the United
00:36:01
States. They were asked about cheating
the study found that the students
00:36:08
said it is most acceptable to cheat
in classes they disliked and
00:36:15
the classes where students felt cheating
was acceptable were often subjects like
00:36:21
mathematics and science and germane
notes that it is difficult to say
00:36:28
what makes students like or dislike
00:36:31
a class it could be the subject or
the personality of the Professor
00:36:39
and in the end it is always that to the
student to make the decision whether or not
00:36:46
to cheat however and argues
that college professors can
00:36:53
design their classes in
00:36:54
a way that reduces students' desire
to cheat students feel cheating
00:37:01
is less acceptable in classes that
focus on learning how to do something
00:37:08
instead of memorizing information
he says if you think about it
00:37:15
he told v.o.a.
00:37:16
It makes logical sense if
00:37:19
a class is set up so that you have to
demonstrate mastery of the content cheatings
00:37:25
not going to buy you anything
a flipside of that is
00:37:30
a focus on testing and so
when a student goes in
00:37:35
a class and all they think about or all
they hear about is testing and if you don't
00:37:41
do well on the test you'll never move on
to the 2nd level they cheat more often
00:37:49
so and ermine says when
00:37:51
a math test is given to students teachers
should not test whether or not they have
00:37:57
memorized the necessary formulas. Students
might be so worried about recalling the
00:38:04
formulas that they feel the need to cheat
in order to succeed the more students
00:38:11
cheat the more their understanding of
the subject will weaken and ermine says
00:38:17
instead he suggests that the
professor could provide
00:38:22
a math formulas to the students and test
whether or not they know how to use them
00:38:28
to solve complex problems after all
and government argues in the real
00:38:35
world many professionals use computer
programs that already possess the formulas
00:38:42
it is up to the professionals to know how
to use the formulas and their knowledge
00:38:49
of the subject to solve the problems
presented to them and or men says
00:38:55
professors should do their best to
explain why they are passionate about
00:39:01
a given issue and why students might
need such knowledge in the future that
00:39:07
way the students themselves will feel more
connected to what they are learning yet
00:39:14
David reading or suggests that even with
the connection to the material there is
00:39:20
still more to the fight against cheating
reading or is an associate professor of
00:39:27
psychology at the University of Mary
Washington in Fredericksburg Virginia
00:39:34
he is also one of the heads of the
International Center for Academic Integrity
00:39:41
reading or says cheating is so difficult
to prevent in part because of the examples
00:39:48
students see in the world around them
cheating is deeply ingrained in our
00:39:55
culture he told v.o.a.
00:39:57
. And when students look to politics
they look to business and they see
00:40:04
dishonesty being rewarded it's very difficult
for those of us in higher education
00:40:10
to make an argument that they should do
things the right way that is why writing or
00:40:17
believes professors need to clearly explain
the rules about cheating for example
00:40:24
actions such as plagiarism copying
the work of others will likely get
00:40:30
a student expelled from any college
or university in the us understanding
00:40:37
these rules can often be especially difficult
for international students reading or
00:40:43
says the education systems in some
countries do not place the same importance
00:40:50
on individual work or presenting creative
ideas in writing projects for example
00:40:57
so some international students may be
cheating without even knowing they are doing
00:41:03
so but most of all reading or argues
professors should explain that
00:41:10
finding cheating acceptable can cause
problems for students well after college
00:41:17
you can perhaps get
00:41:19
a job by cheating he said but you're
not going to keep that job over
00:41:26
time it's going to become clear to the
people you work with that you don't really
00:41:31
know what you're doing and so the knowledge
that you claim to have isn't going to
00:41:37
present itself and they're going to be
looking for someone who can actually do the
00:41:43
things you say you can do I'm Pete
Musto and I'm Dorothy Gandhi.
00:41:53
Now words and their stories from Feel way
learning English. On this program we
00:42:00
often talk about the origins of words
and expressions that we use in American
00:42:06
English we also talk about how we
use them in every day conversations
00:42:13
today we talk about animals
and animals we eat in English
00:42:20
these 2 categories often have
different names pigs turn into pork
00:42:28
cals turn into beef sheep
is mutton calves are
00:42:34
veal and deer is venison
but why do we call these
00:42:41
animals different names when we
prepare them for a meal why is it
00:42:47
a pig on a farm but poor in
00:42:50
a sandwich the answer is the
Norman Conquest of Britain in
00:42:57
1066 that is when many French
words became part of the English
00:43:03
language many of those French words
related to the battlefield such
00:43:10
as army and royal many
related to government and
00:43:17
taxation and many others related to food
00:43:23
when animals were in the stable or on the
farm they kept their old English names
00:43:30
pig cow sheep and calf but
when they were cooked and
00:43:37
brought to the table and English version
of the French word was used pork
00:43:44
beef mutton and veal. On
several websites word
00:43:50
experts claim that this change shows
00:43:53
a class difference between the Anglo Saxons
and the French in Britain at the time
00:44:00
of the Conquest because the lower class
Anglo Saxons were the hunters they used
00:44:07
the old English names for animals but
the upper class French saw these
00:44:13
animals only at meal times so they
used the French word to describe
00:44:20
the prepared dishes today modern
English speakers regardless of social
00:44:27
class have come to use both
the words deer and venison
00:44:34
however are
00:44:35
a bit more complicated at some
ology on line says venison comes
00:44:42
from an old French word from the
1300s meaning meat of large game
00:44:48
especially deer or boar and that old
French word comes from the Latin
00:44:55
word meaning one hunt hunting or the chase
00:45:03
following the Norman Conquest of 1066
any hunted animal was called venison
00:45:09
after it was killed and probably because
deer were killed more than any other
00:45:16
animal venison came to mean
deer meat the words chicken and
00:45:23
fish remain largely unchanged
however sometimes we use the
00:45:30
word poultry when talking about buying
00:45:33
a chicken turkey or other
similar bird to eat for example
00:45:39
a grocery store may have
00:45:41
a place called the poultry section. And
but we don't use poultry when we order
00:45:47
chicken or turkey at a
restaurant or serve it as
00:45:51
a meal we simply say chicken or
turkey for example if I want to
00:45:58
order my favorite dish which is popular in
the southern part of the United States I
00:46:04
will say all have the chicken and waffles
please I would never order poultry and
00:46:11
waffles lesser common birds
such as quail and pheasant
00:46:17
simply go by their own names the
French word for fish is plus song
00:46:25
some word experts suspect that poison
is too close to the English word poison
00:46:32
to become
00:46:33
a common food word after all even
the food rich culture of France
00:46:40
cannot overcome the fact that eating
poison might kill you or at least
00:46:47
make you sick as
00:46:49
a result anything that even sounds like
poison will probably be an unpopular choice
00:46:56
at meal times and that brings us to
the end of another words and their
00:47:03
stories. I'm on its way out.
00:47:11
Thank you. Thank you.
00:47:18
Ira thank you.
00:47:32
This week on our national parks
journey we travel to the south
00:47:38
western state of Arizona. There we find
00:47:43
a strange and colorful
landscape. Yellow red
00:47:51
and even purple rocks and
sand cover the hilly earth
00:47:57
huge pieces of ancient trees
twist in unusual ways
00:48:05
the area is the only
national park that includes
00:48:10
a part of the historic u.s.
00:48:13
Route $66.00 Welcome to
the Petrified Forest
00:48:20
National Park the word forest may mislead
00:48:26
visitors the park is in
00:48:29
a desert and the word petrified
which can mean afraid may
00:48:36
scare visitors away but fear
not petrified forest gets
00:48:43
its name from the trees that have
over millions of years turned
00:48:50
to stone that natural process
is called fossilization
00:48:58
much of the Petrified Forest
formed from tall trees called
00:49:04
conifers they grew over
200000000 years ago
00:49:10
near waterways. During floods
water forced the trees
00:49:17
up from the ground over time
the wood from the trees became
00:49:24
petrified of the Petrified Forest
National Park is one of the
00:49:30
wonders of Arizona it sits
within the Painted Desert
00:49:37
a Spanish explorer in the
1500s gave the place its name
00:49:45
it is easy to see why the
desert looks like an artist's
00:49:51
canvas brilliantly colored mud
stones and clays cover the
00:49:58
lay end as far as the eye
can see they contain
00:50:04
bentonite clay that is the
product of changed volcanic
00:50:10
ash the oldest geological
formations in the park are
00:50:17
about 227000000 years old different
00:50:23
colored formations show
different time periods the Blue
00:50:30
Mesa formations for example
have thick bands of grey
00:50:37
purple blue and green mud
stones they are about
00:50:43
220000000 years old
evidence of humans in the
00:50:49
Petrified Forest dates back 13000 years.
00:50:56
People 1st came here after
the last ice age early paleo
00:51:03
Indian groups used the petrified
wood to create different kinds
00:51:10
of stone tools they used to
them to hunt large animals
00:51:17
that climate warmed over several
1000 years humans began
00:51:24
building villages here and
growing food such as corn squash
00:51:31
and beans in the 906
people in the area began
00:51:37
building above ground houses called y.
00:51:41
Blows they also made pottery
for cooking and other uses
00:51:49
scientists today find evidence of
early pottery and Pueblo homes
00:51:56
all over Petrified Forest National Park
00:52:02
a long and severe drought in the
early 14 hundreds forced most
00:52:09
of the people living here to
move but new groups soon arrived
00:52:16
European explorers came
in the 1500s by the
00:52:23
1800s American pioneers
began settling in the area
00:52:30
and by the 1920s American
motorists were traveling on u.s.
00:52:37
Route 66 the road winds through
the heart of the Painted
00:52:44
Desert long before humans entered
the area though dinosaurs
00:52:50
dominated. Petrified
Forest National Park is
00:52:55
a world class area for fossil
research the fossil record at the
00:53:01
park preserves some of the earliest
dinosaurs the dinosaur fossils
00:53:08
are from the late Triassic period
called the dawn of the dinosaurs
00:53:16
they help scientists reconstruct
ancient environments
00:53:23
the land here was set aside as
00:53:26
a national monument in
1906 Congress moved to
00:53:33
protect it because of its unique
ecosystem record of human
00:53:40
history and dramatic
southwestern scenery it became
00:53:47
a national park in 1962 more than
00:53:52
800000 people visit the
Petrified Forest National Park
00:53:59
each year the best way to
explore the park is by foot
00:54:07
the National Park Service maintains
many kilometers of walking trails
00:54:15
the crystal Forest Trail is
00:54:18
a one kilometer path it is named
for the crystals that can be
00:54:24
seen on the pieces of petrified
wood the trail is one of the
00:54:31
best chances to see this
fossilized wood up close
00:54:38
the Petrified Forest includes
many shapes and sizes of wood
00:54:46
from
00:54:46
a large logs to stumps to the
smallest remains of plants
00:54:53
. Most of the petrified wood
found in the park is made up of
00:55:00
quartz courts is
00:55:03
a hard colorless mineral
of the wood sometimes
00:55:10
shines in the sunlight as if
covered by glitter the Painted
00:55:16
Desert rim trail offers visitors
00:55:20
a good chance to see the
parks wildlife lizards and
00:55:27
rabbits are common so are snakes and foxes
00:55:34
early morning or evening are
the best times to see animals
00:55:41
these are also the times
when the sun makes
00:55:45
a painted desert the most colorful
RINGBACK and spectacular. But
00:55:52
whenever you choose to visit the
Petrified Forest and painted desert
00:55:59
will awaken your senses and your
curiosity about this ancient
00:56:06
place. I'm Katie Weaver
and I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:56:27
And that's our program for today listen
again tomorrow to learn English through
00:56:34
stories from around the world I'm
Pete Musto and I'm Dorothy Gandy.
00:56:59
From Washington this is video
00:57:01
a new use. In Jonathan
00:57:08
Jones reporting 2 former u.s.
00:57:11
Intelligence officials strongly criticized
President Trump on Sunday for saying he
00:57:16
believes that Russian President Vladimir
Putin feels that he and Russia did not
00:57:22
meddle in the 2016 u.s.
00:57:24
Presidential election former CIA Director
John Brennan in an appearance on c.n.n.
00:57:30
With James Clapper the former director
of National Intelligence said Trump's
00:57:35
initial indication that he believes
Putin shows that Donald Trump can be
00:57:39
manipulated or played by foreign leaders
who are going to appeal to his ego and try
00:57:46
to play up play upon his insecurities
which is very very worrisome from
00:57:51
a national security standpoint Clapper
said Russia poses an obvious threat to the
00:57:56
u.s. And to suggest otherwise quote poses
00:58:00
a peril to this country Trump was asked
Saturday whether the issue of Russian
00:58:04
meddling in the 2016 u.s.
00:58:07
Presidential election came up in conversations
with Putin in Vietnam where the 2
00:58:12
leaders attended an Asia. Aciphex summit
Trump replied He said he didn't medal he
00:58:17
said he didn't medal I asked him again you
can only ask so many times Trump then
00:58:23
said that whole thing was set up by the
Democrats and he criticized former American
00:58:28
intelligence leaders including Brennan and
Clapper he said they're political hacks
00:58:34
so you look at it and then you have Brennan
and you have Clapper and you have James
00:58:38
Komi Komi is proven now to be
a liar and he's proven to be
00:58:42
a leaker said the president
of the former f.b.i.
00:58:46
Director who he fired early in his
presidency President Trump is now in the
00:58:51
Philippines the last stop of his 5
nation Asia tour this is v.o.a.
00:58:55
New. In his 1st visit to Catalonia
since imposing direct rule of
00:59:02
Spanish prime minister
Mario Raj a cold for
00:59:05
a strong turnout in the December 21st cattle
and elections he said we want to bring
00:59:11
back the Catalonia that belongs to every
one with democracy and freedom we will
00:59:16
achieve this if the silent
majority turns its voice into
00:59:20
a vote he said Sunday his
visit to Barcelona comes
00:59:25
a day after Catalonia is
independence movement to staged
00:59:29
a massive protest in the city demanding
the release of jailed leaders and
00:59:34
recognition of a separate cattle and
Republic Rajoy is expected to make
00:59:39
a campaign appearance in Barcelona for
his conservative Popular Party ahead of
00:59:44
regional elections next
month for the 1st time
00:59:47
a museum in Australia is telling the
stories of the massacres by colonists of
00:59:52
indigenous people from an Aboriginal
perspective it is thought thousands of 1st
00:59:57
Nation people were murdered by white
settlers up until the 1940 s.
01:00:02
But much of that history is
yet to be uncovered from so.
00:00:00
Allege human rights abuses committed inside
and outside of the Rooney between Epona
00:00:04
2015 and October 27180 Safavian
news never happy Lebanon president
00:00:11
Michel
00:00:12
a union Saturday called for Saudi Arabia
to explain why Saad Hariri has yet to
00:00:18
return to his country week after the prime
minister resigned unexpectedly during
00:00:23
a visit to Riyadh it unit has yet to
formally accept resignation he said
00:00:30
and he in French president Emmanuel McCrone
had spoken Saturday about the latest
00:00:35
developments in the curious case later
Saturday Hariri was seen attending
00:00:40
a welcome reception for the Saudi King
Solomon an airport also the White House
00:00:46
called on all states and parties to respect
Lebanon sovereignty independence and
00:00:51
constitutional process sees the
White House and Hillary has been
00:00:55
a trusted partner of the United States
and strengthening Lebanese institutions
00:00:59
fighting terrorism and protecting refugees
adding that the Lebanese armed forces in
00:01:04
the Lebanese state security forces are the
only legitimate security authorities and
00:01:09
11 on and Cambodia one of Asia's poorest
countries the rapid improvement in
00:01:15
internet connectivity and availability
of affordable smart phones has been
00:01:18
a great leveller many of its roughly
15000000 urban and rural inhabitants have
00:01:24
gained in
00:01:25
a short time span access to mobile Internet
and social media this provides relatively
00:01:31
free communications and independent
non-government sources of information however
00:01:36
in the past year or so of the optimism among
activists over the positive impacts of
00:01:40
greater internet access has
given way to growing fears as
00:01:43
a Cambodian government stepped up efforts
to curtail the online freedom that I'm
00:01:48
trying to make me into in Washington
that's the latest world news from b
00:01:52
o 8. This is Encounter bonds.
00:02:00
V.o.a.
00:02:01
Here's Carol Castillo. Welcome to Encounter
on The Voice of America on this edition
00:02:07
of the program the significance
and outcomes of u.s.
00:02:10
President Donald Trump's trip to Asia
Hello again I'm Carol Castiel u.s.
00:02:15
President Donald Trump embarked on
00:02:17
a 12 day trip to Asia including stops in
Japan South Korea China Vietnam and the
00:02:23
Philippines president trumps national
security advisor McMaster said the
00:02:29
president's trip would focus on 3 main
goals 1st strengthening international
00:02:34
resolve to denuclearize
North Korea 2nd to promote
00:02:38
a free and open Indo Pacific region and 3rd
to advance American prosperity through
00:02:44
free and reciprocal trade and economic
practices so with us to analyze the
00:02:49
president's trip and its ramifications are
2 distinguished regional analysts Walter
00:02:55
Loman is director of the Asian Studies
Center at the Heritage Foundation that's
00:02:59
a conservative think tank based here in
Washington and Patrick Cronin He's senior
00:03:04
advisor and senior director of the Asia
Pacific Security Program at the Center for
00:03:09
a New American Security and that's
00:03:11
a think tank also based here in Washington
and both gentlemen joined me here at the
00:03:16
v.o.a.
00:03:16
Broadcast Center in Washington welcome to
the program Buck you Carol thank you well
00:03:22
let me begin with you the overall goal of
the trip security oriented trying to curb
00:03:29
North Korea's ambitions also trade as the
trip is ending do you think President
00:03:35
Trump has made progress toward
fulfilling the trip's stated goals i.e.
00:03:40
Advancing u.s.
00:03:41
Security and economic interests Well we'll
see what happens in the days to come he
00:03:46
clearly took that case to Beijing and talked
to President Xi Jinping about the need
00:03:52
to get tougher on North Korea and for
Security Council resolutions to try to
00:03:57
isolate North Korea we won't know exactly.
How successful that is and for some time
00:04:02
because often the Chinese seem to commit
to that and then later we find out they
00:04:06
haven't done so much obviously in Korea and
Japan he has willing allies people who
00:04:11
are ready to do whatever they can in
partnership with the United States to curb
00:04:15
North Korea's nuclear intentions
Patrick Cronin just on
00:04:18
a 1st overview of the trip how do you see
President Trump's fulfillment of the main
00:04:25
goal so far Well I think he's stuck to
the script and he has pursued both the
00:04:30
security and the trade policies plus
he's outlined Now what is the post pivot
00:04:35
strategy of the United States that is
beyond the Obama administration's rebalance
00:04:39
to Asia it turns out that u.s.
00:04:41
Policy is largely one of continuity and I
think it's the most spectacular outcome
00:04:46
is that there's very little
change and that's not
00:04:48
a bad thing this is based on longstanding
interest in in the region and here you
00:04:53
have this fairly unorthodox
president coming in who has said
00:04:57
a lot of harsh things especially about
multilateral trade and been willing to
00:05:01
criticize allies for not doing
enough and yet we've come away with
00:05:04
a lot of continuity as well we'll talk
about some of the differences particularly
00:05:07
his abdication of the p.p.
00:05:10
The transpacific partnership that will
take on that later in the program back to
00:05:14
you Walter Loman Let's take a look
at the 1st leg in Japan that was
00:05:19
a little bit of a love fest there was
00:05:21
a lot of good chemistry between Prime
Minister Shinzo Ave and President Trump he
00:05:25
told Prime Minister that Japan
could protect itself from
00:05:29
a nuclear armed North Korea by buying
billions of dollars of American military
00:05:33
equipment so drawing an explicit link
between trade and security how do you see
00:05:39
that and what is your biggest takeaway from
that trip Well I don't think that's the
00:05:44
most constructive way to approach an ally
that is encourage them to buy more stuff
00:05:49
so that they can better defend themselves
but the Japanese already do buy
00:05:53
a lot of American equipment in
our militaries already enjoy
00:05:57
a good deal of integration so he's right
that. The equipment they have in the
00:06:01
equipment that they will purchase from the
United States will help defend them as
00:06:04
well the extensive cooperation that we have
with them I think the excessive phrase
00:06:10
of season paying is
00:06:11
a mistake it puts the us into somewhat
of an inferior position I think I think
00:06:16
whereby flattery is
00:06:18
a very effective instrument for the Chinese
they're actually not very susceptible
00:06:22
to it themselves I don't know what he thinks
he's accomplishing with that flattery
00:06:25
but I don't think it's
00:06:26
a very good idea we're going to get into
South Korea and his trip to Beijing in
00:06:32
a minute but 1st let me go to Patrick
Cronin for your take Patrick on that Japan
00:06:37
leg Well Carol I was just in Japan and
the prime minister of Japan is is
00:06:43
tremendously buoyed by the recent snap
election where he's really gained
00:06:46
a new lease on life politically and
here he now hosts President Trump
00:06:52
a man he sought out right after the election
was the 1st leader to come in and see
00:06:56
him in New York and he's formed
00:06:57
a very close bond between the prime
minister of Japan and President Trump and I
00:07:02
think the summit went exceedingly well
from Primus obvious perspective he got
00:07:06
everything he wanted and although some of
the rhetoric that you cited about buying
00:07:10
arms is not very statesman like in the
normal run of things we have to separate I
00:07:16
think the administration's goals of Trump
and the president's negotiating tactic
00:07:21
his negotiating tactic
when he goes in with
00:07:23
a leader is to focus on one or 2
objectives and to try to see if he can get
00:07:29
a little more progress on one or 2 deals
he's very transactional that way but the
00:07:34
overall administration's policy is strong
commitment to our cornerstone ally Japan
00:07:38
we're going to work together on pressuring
North Korea we're going to work on
00:07:42
improving trade and
investment between the u.s.
00:07:45
In Japan they didn't disagree about
a free trade agreement which was
00:07:48
a big potential ask from Trump to Abyei
they agreed to kind of put that rhetoric to
00:07:53
the side but in fact since the United
States has withdrawn from the p.p.
00:07:58
a Big goal of prime. There's
00:08:00
a great need to fill that space in we
have more on that let's turn now to South
00:08:05
Korea Walter Loman in your take on that
particular leg of the trip how would you
00:08:10
characterize relations between Mr Trump and
President moon especially regarding the
00:08:15
North Korean threat what changed as
00:08:18
a result of this trip Well I think the
relationship is good with some underlying
00:08:22
tension to it I mean in
that the moon comes from
00:08:25
a completely different area on
the political spectrum he's
00:08:29
a liberal or progressive in the
South Korean parlance and Trump is
00:08:33
a Republican you know and all that entails
in American politics so that underlies
00:08:38
the good relationship moon has
00:08:40
a tendency he wants to promote good dialogue
with North Korea and Trump is just the
00:08:44
opposite what's brought us together on the
nuclear tests in the missile launches
00:08:47
and everything else that has papered over
really those differences for the time
00:08:50
being and we'll see when things like you
know whether they remain as close but Mr
00:08:55
Trump did tone down his rhetoric he doesn't
want to yes he did with regard to North
00:08:59
Korea how do you see it Patrick Cronin
that trip to Seoul and the relationship
00:09:04
between President moon and President Trump
and to what extent can they cooperate
00:09:09
see eye to eye on thwarting North Korea's
nuclear ambitions I think Walter was
00:09:14
right to emphasize the fact that despite
the different ideologies of Moon and Trump
00:09:18
It's surprising how tightly
wound they are together on
00:09:23
a North Korean strategy basically President
moon of South Korea got from President
00:09:27
Trump what he wanted he got
00:09:28
a commitment to say that our pressure
strategy which we agree on maximum pressure
00:09:34
on North Korea to try to come to the table
is oriented toward the objective of
00:09:37
diplomacy and that we don't want
to see military action that was
00:09:41
a concession relative to the kind of harsh
rhetoric that we've seen earlier indeed
00:09:45
and before we leave this soul let me
ask you Walter Loman about this new
00:09:49
rapprochement between China and South Korea
as you know aging was punishing Seoul
00:09:55
for its decision to install the fat missile
defense system which was aimed at North
00:09:59
Korea. They perceived as being aimed at
them and it decided recently to lift its
00:10:05
export ban and allow Chinese tour visits
to South Korea how does that Rupp Rocher
00:10:10
mall between Beijing and Seoul affect u.s.
00:10:14
South Korean ties well that's just the
sort of event I'm talking about that could
00:10:19
serve to change u.s.
00:10:22
Career relations or at least relations
between Trump and in we were on the same
00:10:26
page with regard to China for the last 9
months or so or at least since Moon came
00:10:31
in later in the year so now that the South
Koreans are patching it up with the
00:10:36
Chinese I think that could expose some of
the underlying differences between the 2
00:10:41
how do you see that Patrick
Cronin this reproach to u.s.
00:10:45
South Korean relations Well I think China
wants to elicit more positive relations
00:10:52
with Seoul because the pressure strategy
against them the economic coercion they've
00:10:55
used against South Korea
because they've deployed
00:10:58
a missile defense battery hasn't really
worked so China's pivoting in the other
00:11:02
direction here and in South Korea saying
you know let's go along with these basic
00:11:06
principles you've outlined even though we
haven't agreed to anything but these are
00:11:09
the so-called 3 knows that China asked
for no additional That missile defense
00:11:14
batteries to be deployed no formal alliance
between and among Japan are Ok and the
00:11:20
United States and no further integration
of their missile defense systems none of
00:11:25
that was in the cards in the short term
anyhow so South Korea has not given
00:11:28
anything away hasn't signed anything but
China is now set the new principles by
00:11:32
which they'll judge whether they should be
more or less cooperate with South Korea
00:11:36
and Walter the White House said the
President Trump would decide by next week
00:11:40
whether or not to read
designate North Korea as
00:11:42
a state sponsor of terrorism that was a
status that held until the George w.
00:11:47
Bush administration dropped it from the
list in 2008 do you think that North Korea
00:11:52
should be we designated as
00:11:54
a state sponsor of terrorism at this point
how effective would that be I do think
00:11:59
they need to be. Designated they were
obviously guilty of terrorism if only for the
00:12:05
assassination attempt on Kim Jong un's half
brother and Malaysia well as more than
00:12:09
attempt was successful in their effort
actually within China to to target his son
00:12:14
so they are definitely engaged in terrorism
how effective it would be largely the
00:12:19
sanctions that would come in place or
duplicative of the ones that are already in
00:12:23
place but it's still
00:12:24
a blow to them and encourage mint to all
the countries around the world now where
00:12:28
approaching to cut relations with North
Korea how do you see that Patrick Cronin is
00:12:33
that is that
00:12:34
a good idea would our allies be encouraged
by that could that harm the ultimate
00:12:39
objective of thwarting North Korea's nuclear
ambitions I don't think it could do
00:12:43
any harm I think the bigger request right
now from the trumpet ministration is for
00:12:48
the full and Foresman of sanctions
economically to really pressure North Korea
00:12:53
economically because they're hoping that
with China's help that over the next 6 to
00:12:57
9 months the revenues coming into North
Korea are significantly more than
00:13:02
a 3rd cut so that North Korea has
some greater incentive to stop
00:13:06
a nuclear testing stop the long range
missile test and come back to the table I
00:13:10
think that economic sanctions are going to
00:13:12
a lot better chance of working than
just calling them out for being
00:13:16
a terrorist nation although the president
did say pretty bluntly in the National
00:13:20
Assembly speech that this is
00:13:22
a cult this is indeed an extreme regime
you're listening to Encounter on The Voice
00:13:27
of America my guests are Walter Loman
director of the Asian Studies Center at the
00:13:32
Heritage Foundation and Patrick Cronin from
whom you just heard he's senior adviser
00:13:37
and senior director of the Asia Pacific
Security Program at the Center for
00:13:41
a New American Security we're discussing
in assessing President Donald Trump's trip
00:13:46
across Asia this is
00:13:47
a reminder that our encounter podcast is
available for free download on i Tunes You
00:13:52
can find the download by clicking on the
i Tunes tab on our website at v.o.a.
00:13:56
News dot com slash encounter You may also.
Follow me on Twitter at Carol Castiel
00:14:02
v.o.a. Or connect with us on
Facebook here's a shout out to he's
00:14:06
a loyal listener from Perth Australia
well back to you Walter Loman Let's talk
00:14:11
about President Trump's visit to China
the Beijing leg of course President Xi
00:14:17
coming off of the recent Communist Party
Congress re some mentoring his role as
00:14:23
party leaders
00:14:24
a very strong leader he sees the United
States and China as co superpowers How
00:14:31
would you assess President Trump's visit
his sort of increasing cozying up to she
00:14:37
trying to persuade him to exert more pressure
on North Korea to curtail its nuclear
00:14:42
ambitions well as I say I
think we'll have to wait
00:14:46
a little bit of time to see how successful
it actually is in terms of action from
00:14:49
the Chinese on North Korea I think most
China experts will tell you that this
00:14:55
approach to season paying to sort of
flatter him into agreement with you is not
00:15:01
going to work in
00:15:02
a strange and going to have to bring real
pressure to bear if it's going to have
00:15:05
any impact on Chinese calculations about
its allies and North Korea so we'll see
00:15:11
what he said behind the scenes Hopefully
he threatened some of these actions and
00:15:15
that this public expression of admiration
for Susan Ping did not continue behind
00:15:20
closed doors Patrick Cronin secretary of
state Rex Tillerson said that there's no
00:15:26
space between both of our objectives i.e.
00:15:28
Beijing and Washington but he said we
have our own view of the tactics and the
00:15:33
timing and how far to go with pressure
respect to North Korea do you think the
00:15:39
United States is overestimating she's
leverage over Kim Jong un you know the United
00:15:45
States is asking for China to close
North Korea bank accounts cut off cold
00:15:49
purchases send North Korean workers home
to cut off oil shipments are any of these
00:15:54
demands going to be met by China what did
we get from China visit the north. North
00:16:00
Korea was the bigger of the 2 ass from
President Trump of Communist Party chairman
00:16:06
and paying and I think the
United States has won
00:16:10
a commitment to do some more actions to
pressure North Korea but not nearly as many
00:16:15
as we'd like and this whole policy is an
exploration of how far China might go to
00:16:20
join
00:16:21
a maximum pressure strategy any gains that
we get from China cooperating on this we
00:16:25
think will be useful how much leverage
does trying to have theoretically it has
00:16:29
a lot because of the economic flows from
China to North Korea practically speaking
00:16:34
China is never going to give us as much
as we want but again as I say if we can
00:16:37
even cut the revenue coming into North
Korea over the next 6 to 9 months one 3rd
00:16:42
they could really feel enough pressure to
at least want to consider some diplomacy
00:16:47
it may not work but nothing else has worked
either so you know using the maximum
00:16:51
pressure strategy is at least
00:16:53
a sensible approach when you don't want
to cause war but you definitely want to
00:16:57
deter North Korea from ever using these
weapons or even trying to acquire them so
00:17:01
Walter do you think President Trump was
able to convince Xi Jinping to implement
00:17:07
these more forceful sanctions any of these
actions or is China more concerned about
00:17:14
you know North Korea being
00:17:15
a valuable buffer against reunification of
the Korean Peninsula of refugees flowing
00:17:21
over the border I mean how does he that
is changing ping see the balance of power
00:17:26
in interests well several of the things
you mentioned the coal shipments natural
00:17:30
gas and oil and many other things
are already banned day by the u.n.
00:17:33
Security Council resolutions of the Chinese
voted for so they should be willing to
00:17:38
implement those and that's been part of the
problem over the years is that not only
00:17:41
do they drag out these negotiations
over each successive Security Council
00:17:45
resolution really has an advocate for
North Korea but then they don't implement
00:17:49
them fully so hopefully Donald Trump
could at least convince the Chinese to
00:17:54
implement the things that they have
agreed to implement as a part of the u.n.
00:17:57
Security Council and of course pets. Cronin
there are other topics there are the
00:18:02
maritime disputes in the South China Sea
What if anything did the United States get
00:18:07
with regard to China's aggressive actions
in the South China Sea Well the other big
00:18:13
ask of President Trump in facing President
Xi in Beijing was actually on the trade
00:18:19
issue market access and the trade imbalance
the issue of the South China Sea came
00:18:23
up in passing but it really was part of
the speech in denying Vietnam where the
00:18:28
president spoke eloquently about
00:18:30
a free and open Indo-Pacific region and
he did mention as he hadn't Beijing that
00:18:36
the United States is not going to change
its commitment to freedom of navigation
00:18:40
This is
00:18:40
a longstanding practice of how America has
engaged across Asia in the end of Pacific
00:18:46
region for more than
00:18:46
a couple 100 years so nothing was really
sought rather the position was stated how
00:18:53
do you see that Walter Loman notwithstanding
the South China Sea maritime disputes
00:18:59
not perhaps as prominent topic as the market
access and trade imbalance do you see
00:19:05
any movement in that regard in our differences
over the South China Sea No I think
00:19:11
that's
00:19:12
a positive thing out of this trip that is
transactional as Trump seems to be there
00:19:17
didn't seem to be any trade offs between
Porton American interests for example we
00:19:22
didn't trade off freedom of the seas in
the South China Sea for increased market
00:19:26
access or something like that on the issue
of market access in particular I don't
00:19:30
know how much more we're going to get on
that we've read in Goshen with the Chinese
00:19:35
on several things that they've already
agreed to for instance in May We got
00:19:38
a new commitment on the importing beef
something they had already promised to do
00:19:42
but now promised do again so each time
they offer these same issues up what the
00:19:46
president did do is focus on
00:19:48
a lot of business deals and so by reports
got $250000000000.00 worth of business
00:19:54
deals we don't know exactly what they are
what they represent are they use at this
00:19:58
point are they wrapped in. Different projects
are already in process or are not but
00:20:03
that seems to be where he's focused he has
an obsession with the trade deficit not
00:20:07
the best measure of the health of our
trading relationships but that's what he
00:20:10
cares most about but he's not going to get
at that by one off deals with Boeing and
00:20:15
g.e.
00:20:16
And others is going to have to address
bigger systemic issues both in the American
00:20:19
economy and in the Chinese economy in the
way that they interact well back to you
00:20:24
Patrick Cronin with regard to the annual
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation form
00:20:30
which began on Friday in denying Vietnam
how do you see the outcome of that
00:20:35
particular form and what's in it for the
United States Mr Trump was supposed to be
00:20:40
pushing you know bilateral free trade
agreements what was the takeaway from that
00:20:45
particular forum well going into the APEC
summit meeting of leaders President Trump
00:20:51
was able to give an outline of his
administration's Asia policy this is this free
00:20:58
and open in the Pacific I think the
elements of continuity in the trumpet
00:21:01
ministrations approach to trade investment
are seen as positive and from countries
00:21:06
like Vietnam that so want to be doing more
trade investment with the United States
00:21:11
it was one of the and it is one of the
stakeholders in the tepee there's
00:21:15
a great opportunity for even that bilateral
relationship I think there's still
00:21:19
questions about America's economic weight
though especially since the president
00:21:24
trumps main strategic objective in Asia
is to be able to compete in the long run
00:21:29
with this rising China and
outside of t p p where we had
00:21:34
a chance of having some geo political sway
in the region not just economic ties we
00:21:39
haven't fully joined that debate about
how we get there and I think that's not
00:21:43
resolve but we'll see at least this
outline that he's given in Vietnam of
00:21:47
a free and open in the Pacific can be built
on in watch that space let's see what
00:21:52
else we can do well that's interesting you
know watch that space how can he build
00:21:56
on that free and open Indo Pacific area.
But how does he do that well to Loman
00:22:02
without powerful tools such as the Trans-Pacific
Partnership and we also heard that
00:22:07
Japanese prime minister Shinzo Ave was
supposed to be having some conversations
00:22:13
about trying to keep the transpacific
partnership alive even without the United
00:22:18
States because countries in the
region see value in that as
00:22:22
a way to counter the rise of China well
that really is the question how does he
00:22:28
create this free and open
Indo-Pacific without
00:22:31
a positive trade agenda the trade agenda
is largely focused on trade remedies and
00:22:35
deficits and renegotiating trade agreements
and that sort of thing and because it's
00:22:39
so focused that way it's hard to actually
engage people I agree that in Japan the 2
00:22:45
sides of greed basically on not disagreeing
but they also didn't agree so the
00:22:51
problem is the one positive element that
Trump is bringing to the table is that he
00:22:55
wants to negotiate
00:22:56
a bilateral free trade agreement with Japan
Japan doesn't really want any part of
00:23:01
it one because they're seeing that u.s.
00:23:04
Trade policy is largely negative Why would
the Japanese sign up to what's going on
00:23:09
in our NAFTA negotiations sort of maximalist
demands and threats to withdraw and on
00:23:14
all the rest so if President
Trump wants to approach have
00:23:18
a positive element here he's going to have
to reformulate his entire trade policies
00:23:22
in the past to give it
00:23:23
a positive spin the other reason that
Japanese don't want much to do with
00:23:28
a bilateral agreement is because they
made so many concessions in the d.p.p.
00:23:32
Concessions that they have
00:23:33
a hard time duplicating in some sort of
bilateral agreement especially because they
00:23:36
suspect I think correctly that trump
ministration would ask for even more
00:23:40
concessions so they've pursued this tepee
Levon which puts them really at the
00:23:45
center of the members of the t p p
00:23:47
a minus United States with the prospect one
day of the United States coming back in
00:23:53
and they've sealed that deal at APEC they've
actually agreed to move forward and
00:23:57
come up with
00:23:58
a framework for concluding. Well that's
really fascinating well as we conclude that
00:24:03
your crown in just basically your assessment
final takeaway from this trip which is
00:24:07
still ongoing What specific progress do
you think was made toward denuclearizing
00:24:12
North Korea one of the main objectives and
on trade and where did Mr Trump perhaps
00:24:17
fall short of denuclearization of the Korean
Peninsula is the long term vision but
00:24:21
nobody thinks it has any prospect in the
short term So really the goal there is to
00:24:25
maximize pressure on North Korea to see
if we can get to some kind of freeze for
00:24:30
something some kind of pause that provides
diplomatic space to deal with this issue
00:24:34
in the meantime we avoid war on the economic
issue at least the president has shown
00:24:39
his commitment to economic growth he wants
to make sure that the region sees the
00:24:44
United States as an economic player in the
long term if he can achieve that he has
00:24:48
a path back to t p p has
00:24:49
a path back to having some Jew economic
engine political leadership in the region
00:24:54
even though right now the game is China's
Belton road initiative which is kind of
00:24:58
influencing the region our set our
SEPTA's Well our step is sort of the low
00:25:03
standard free trade agreement but the
Belt Road initiative is really the rubric
00:25:07
under which ping of China is talking about
major infrastructure development both
00:25:12
maritime and on land across your Asia
in the Pacific and the last word to you
00:25:16
Walter Loman on your final takeaway from
this important trip specific progress you
00:25:22
think was made toward denuclearizing North
Korea and of course on the trade which I
00:25:26
know you have some issues with the most
important thing here about this trip is it
00:25:30
is a commitment by the president
United States to traditional u.s.
00:25:34
Positions in the western Pacific that's
the most important thing that comes away
00:25:38
from this and he has done it you could go
back 6 months ago and we couldn't take
00:25:43
that for granted Ok so he's done the right
thing there on the trade side I don't
00:25:47
see us role economically in the region as
competing with China and I don't see it
00:25:53
as economic growth I see it as
00:25:54
a matter of encouraging economic freedom
and the only way that you do that really
00:25:58
practically speaking is through. Free trade
agreements and of the president wants
00:26:02
to get back to some kind of free trade
agreement he's going to have to have
00:26:04
a positive element to his trade policy and
not just renegotiations and remedies and
00:26:09
protectionism he's going to
have to think about this in
00:26:11
a new way on that note I'm afraid that's
all the time we have on this edition of
00:26:15
encounter I like to thank my guests Walter
Loman director of the Asian Studies
00:26:19
Center at the Heritage Foundation and
Patrick Cronin senior director of the Asia
00:26:24
Pacific Security Program at the Center for
00:26:26
a New American Security Gentlemen thanks
so much for your terrific insights
00:26:31
encounter was produced in Washington thanks
to Rebecca ward for booking our guests
00:26:36
our engineer was John Allison. Join me
again next week for another encounter
00:26:43
on the Voice of America.
00:27:01
Learning English daily 30 minute
program from the Voice of America.
00:27:09
Must go and Dorothy Kennedy this
program is aimed at learners
00:27:15
so we speak
00:27:17
a little slower and we use words and phrases
as specially written for people who
00:27:23
learning English.
00:27:30
Today on the program you will hear
stories from Teo and door of the Gandhi
00:27:38
later Katie Weaver and
Ashley Thompson have
00:27:42
a special report on one of America's
national treasures but 1st this report.
00:27:51
To make room for agriculture trees and
other plants are often cleared away
00:27:57
so that farmers have space to grow
crops the clearing of forests
00:28:04
forces many animals from their
homes they often flee the area in
00:28:11
search of a new place to live there is
00:28:16
a big downside to that some of those
animals are natural predators they
00:28:22
control pest populations they can
help to clear the fields of rats
00:28:29
mice and other rodents that
eat and damaged crops this
00:28:36
happened at one small farming
village in Indonesia after land was
00:28:43
cleared for farming rats and mice
began appearing in large numbers
00:28:50
villagers tried to target the animals by
smoking them out and hunting them but the
00:28:57
villagers were unsuccessful so one
farmer decided to try another
00:29:04
method
00:29:05
a natural one. Who show Arto brought
00:29:12
out to his farm. House after all
are experts at hunting rodents
00:29:19
it is what they do and it worked
however Peugeot Arto didn't
00:29:26
stop with his own field he set up
00:29:29
a natural predator program now als
are busy catching rats and mice in
00:29:36
the fields around the village
of to local where. There is
00:29:42
a huge upside no need for chemical
pesticides which can harm not only
00:29:48
rodents but other creatures
in 2011 the Indonesian man
00:29:55
began setting up boxes where the owls
live. He is also raising outlets in
00:30:02
the village after about 4 months
the young birds are released
00:30:10
these facilities have raised more than als
they have also raised awareness in the
00:30:16
community about the importance
of Owls. We raised awareness
00:30:22
within our community by building homes
for these owls at the same time
00:30:30
government officials helped to
create laws to protect these.
00:30:37
In addition to controlling pests Naturally
there is another upside to the program
00:30:44
his village is now
00:30:45
a popular stop for eco tourists people
interested in learning more about als
00:30:52
wildlife protection and natural pest
control come to his village to learn more
00:31:00
for als awareness is good
but popularity is not
00:31:07
because of the Harry Potter books and
movies als are increasingly popular as
00:31:13
pets in Indonesia so many are
sold in local bird markets
00:31:21
however owls are wild
animals and may not be
00:31:25
a good choice to keep around the home
before buying an Al experts warn people
00:31:32
about the downsides of owning one as
00:31:35
a pet owls are loud they can require
00:31:40
a lot of care and attention more
importantly they can be aggressive and can
00:31:47
cause damage or injury their sharp claws
are made for catching small animals and
00:31:54
can injure the owner one Indonesian man
00:31:58
a father did his homework he
knew of all these downsides. But
00:32:05
that did not stop him from buying his
daughter and Al. From getting hurt himself
00:32:13
as parents we usually give our children
what they want that is if we can
00:32:20
but before getting an owl we have
to learn more about the nature of
00:32:26
a now and coincidentally
just recently I got Claude.
00:32:33
This is exactly the kind of situation
Peugeot Arto is trying to end to
00:32:40
date his program has raised and
released more than 2000 birds. He
00:32:46
hopes the program will continue to provide
farmers. For natural pest control
00:32:54
but ours who adds that he hopes his program
also shows people that owls belong in
00:33:00
the wild as natural predators not
in the home as domestic pets
00:33:07
I'm on I'm
00:33:07
a Teo. Everyone
00:33:22
who has been
00:33:22
a student has probably experienced
something like this it is the night
00:33:29
before
00:33:30
a big test in one of your most difficult
classes you tried your best to
00:33:37
study all the information you think will
be included in the test but you are
00:33:43
still worried that you have not studied
hard enough if you fail the test
00:33:50
you will likely fail the class you
start to worry so much that you
00:33:57
start thinking about doing something you
know is wrong. You think about writing
00:34:04
some of the information you
think will be on the test on
00:34:08
a little piece of paper and hiding it
in your clothing you think will my
00:34:15
teacher really be able to see what I am
doing and in the end does doing this
00:34:22
harm anyone Erik and or men says
he has known many young people who
00:34:29
have had these or similar thoughts
in his teaching career It began when
00:34:36
he was
00:34:36
a high school teacher where he witnessed
many students cheating in his classes
00:34:43
now Anderson works at the Ohio State
University in Columbus Ohio he is
00:34:50
a professor of educational psychology and
head of the Department of Educational
00:34:56
studies at Ohio State and Armand says
cheating happens just as much at the
00:35:03
college level as it does in high school
in fact the International Center
00:35:10
for Academic Integrity found that
00:35:13
a majority of American college
students cheat in 2015 over
00:35:19
71000 university students were
asked about cheating about
00:35:26
68 percent of them admitted to
doing so at least once and are men
00:35:32
has been studying why students cheat and
the ways in which they do it for over 20
00:35:39
years his most recent research published
in September provides interesting
00:35:46
information about when students
believe cheating is acceptable his
00:35:53
research involved
00:35:54
a little over 400 students at 2 large
research universities in the United
00:36:01
States. They were asked about cheating
the study found that the students
00:36:08
said it is most acceptable to cheat
in classes they disliked and
00:36:15
the classes where students felt cheating
was acceptable were often subjects like
00:36:21
mathematics and science and germane
notes that it is difficult to say
00:36:28
what makes students like or dislike
00:36:31
a class it could be the subject or
the personality of the Professor
00:36:39
and in the end it is always that to the
student to make the decision whether or not
00:36:46
to cheat however and argues
that college professors can
00:36:53
design their classes in
00:36:54
a way that reduces students' desire
to cheat students feel cheating
00:37:01
is less acceptable in classes that
focus on learning how to do something
00:37:08
instead of memorizing information
he says if you think about it
00:37:15
he told v.o.a.
00:37:16
It makes logical sense if
00:37:19
a class is set up so that you have to
demonstrate mastery of the content cheatings
00:37:25
not going to buy you anything
a flipside of that is
00:37:30
a focus on testing and so
when a student goes in
00:37:35
a class and all they think about or all
they hear about is testing and if you don't
00:37:41
do well on the test you'll never move on
to the 2nd level they cheat more often
00:37:49
so and ermine says when
00:37:51
a math test is given to students teachers
should not test whether or not they have
00:37:57
memorized the necessary formulas. Students
might be so worried about recalling the
00:38:04
formulas that they feel the need to cheat
in order to succeed the more students
00:38:11
cheat the more their understanding of
the subject will weaken and ermine says
00:38:17
instead he suggests that the
professor could provide
00:38:22
a math formulas to the students and test
whether or not they know how to use them
00:38:28
to solve complex problems after all
and government argues in the real
00:38:35
world many professionals use computer
programs that already possess the formulas
00:38:42
it is up to the professionals to know how
to use the formulas and their knowledge
00:38:49
of the subject to solve the problems
presented to them and or men says
00:38:55
professors should do their best to
explain why they are passionate about
00:39:01
a given issue and why students might
need such knowledge in the future that
00:39:07
way the students themselves will feel more
connected to what they are learning yet
00:39:14
David reading or suggests that even with
the connection to the material there is
00:39:20
still more to the fight against cheating
reading or is an associate professor of
00:39:27
psychology at the University of Mary
Washington in Fredericksburg Virginia
00:39:34
he is also one of the heads of the
International Center for Academic Integrity
00:39:41
reading or says cheating is so difficult
to prevent in part because of the examples
00:39:48
students see in the world around them
cheating is deeply ingrained in our
00:39:55
culture he told v.o.a.
00:39:57
. And when students look to politics
they look to business and they see
00:40:04
dishonesty being rewarded it's very difficult
for those of us in higher education
00:40:10
to make an argument that they should do
things the right way that is why writing or
00:40:17
believes professors need to clearly explain
the rules about cheating for example
00:40:24
actions such as plagiarism copying
the work of others will likely get
00:40:30
a student expelled from any college
or university in the us understanding
00:40:37
these rules can often be especially difficult
for international students reading or
00:40:43
says the education systems in some
countries do not place the same importance
00:40:50
on individual work or presenting creative
ideas in writing projects for example
00:40:57
so some international students may be
cheating without even knowing they are doing
00:41:03
so but most of all reading or argues
professors should explain that
00:41:10
finding cheating acceptable can cause
problems for students well after college
00:41:17
you can perhaps get
00:41:19
a job by cheating he said but you're
not going to keep that job over
00:41:26
time it's going to become clear to the
people you work with that you don't really
00:41:31
know what you're doing and so the knowledge
that you claim to have isn't going to
00:41:37
present itself and they're going to be
looking for someone who can actually do the
00:41:43
things you say you can do I'm Pete
Musto and I'm Dorothy Gandhi.
00:41:53
Now words and their stories from Feel way
learning English. On this program we
00:42:00
often talk about the origins of words
and expressions that we use in American
00:42:06
English we also talk about how we
use them in every day conversations
00:42:13
today we talk about animals
and animals we eat in English
00:42:20
these 2 categories often have
different names pigs turn into pork
00:42:28
cals turn into beef sheep
is mutton calves are
00:42:34
veal and deer is venison
but why do we call these
00:42:41
animals different names when we
prepare them for a meal why is it
00:42:47
a pig on a farm but poor in
00:42:50
a sandwich the answer is the
Norman Conquest of Britain in
00:42:57
1066 that is when many French
words became part of the English
00:43:03
language many of those French words
related to the battlefield such
00:43:10
as army and royal many
related to government and
00:43:17
taxation and many others related to food
00:43:23
when animals were in the stable or on the
farm they kept their old English names
00:43:30
pig cow sheep and calf but
when they were cooked and
00:43:37
brought to the table and English version
of the French word was used pork
00:43:44
beef mutton and veal. On
several websites word
00:43:50
experts claim that this change shows
00:43:53
a class difference between the Anglo Saxons
and the French in Britain at the time
00:44:00
of the Conquest because the lower class
Anglo Saxons were the hunters they used
00:44:07
the old English names for animals but
the upper class French saw these
00:44:13
animals only at meal times so they
used the French word to describe
00:44:20
the prepared dishes today modern
English speakers regardless of social
00:44:27
class have come to use both
the words deer and venison
00:44:34
however are
00:44:35
a bit more complicated at some
ology on line says venison comes
00:44:42
from an old French word from the
1300s meaning meat of large game
00:44:48
especially deer or boar and that old
French word comes from the Latin
00:44:55
word meaning one hunt hunting or the chase
00:45:03
following the Norman Conquest of 1066
any hunted animal was called venison
00:45:09
after it was killed and probably because
deer were killed more than any other
00:45:16
animal venison came to mean
deer meat the words chicken and
00:45:23
fish remain largely unchanged
however sometimes we use the
00:45:30
word poultry when talking about buying
00:45:33
a chicken turkey or other
similar bird to eat for example
00:45:39
a grocery store may have
00:45:41
a place called the poultry section. And
but we don't use poultry when we order
00:45:47
chicken or turkey at a
restaurant or serve it as
00:45:51
a meal we simply say chicken or
turkey for example if I want to
00:45:58
order my favorite dish which is popular in
the southern part of the United States I
00:46:04
will say all have the chicken and waffles
please I would never order poultry and
00:46:11
waffles lesser common birds
such as quail and pheasant
00:46:17
simply go by their own names the
French word for fish is plus song
00:46:25
some word experts suspect that poison
is too close to the English word poison
00:46:32
to become
00:46:33
a common food word after all even
the food rich culture of France
00:46:40
cannot overcome the fact that eating
poison might kill you or at least
00:46:47
make you sick as
00:46:49
a result anything that even sounds like
poison will probably be an unpopular choice
00:46:56
at meal times and that brings us to
the end of another words and their
00:47:03
stories. I'm on its way out.
00:47:11
Thank you. Thank you.
00:47:18
Ira thank you.
00:47:32
This week on our national parks
journey we travel to the south
00:47:38
western state of Arizona. There we find
00:47:43
a strange and colorful
landscape. Yellow red
00:47:51
and even purple rocks and
sand cover the hilly earth
00:47:57
huge pieces of ancient trees
twist in unusual ways
00:48:05
the area is the only
national park that includes
00:48:10
a part of the historic u.s.
00:48:13
Route $66.00 Welcome to
the Petrified Forest
00:48:20
National Park the word forest may mislead
00:48:26
visitors the park is in
00:48:29
a desert and the word petrified
which can mean afraid may
00:48:36
scare visitors away but fear
not petrified forest gets
00:48:43
its name from the trees that have
over millions of years turned
00:48:50
to stone that natural process
is called fossilization
00:48:58
much of the Petrified Forest
formed from tall trees called
00:49:04
conifers they grew over
200000000 years ago
00:49:10
near waterways. During floods
water forced the trees
00:49:17
up from the ground over time
the wood from the trees became
00:49:24
petrified of the Petrified Forest
National Park is one of the
00:49:30
wonders of Arizona it sits
within the Painted Desert
00:49:37
a Spanish explorer in the
1500s gave the place its name
00:49:45
it is easy to see why the
desert looks like an artist's
00:49:51
canvas brilliantly colored mud
stones and clays cover the
00:49:58
lay end as far as the eye
can see they contain
00:50:04
bentonite clay that is the
product of changed volcanic
00:50:10
ash the oldest geological
formations in the park are
00:50:17
about 227000000 years old different
00:50:23
colored formations show
different time periods the Blue
00:50:30
Mesa formations for example
have thick bands of grey
00:50:37
purple blue and green mud
stones they are about
00:50:43
220000000 years old
evidence of humans in the
00:50:49
Petrified Forest dates back 13000 years.
00:50:56
People 1st came here after
the last ice age early paleo
00:51:03
Indian groups used the petrified
wood to create different kinds
00:51:10
of stone tools they used to
them to hunt large animals
00:51:17
that climate warmed over several
1000 years humans began
00:51:24
building villages here and
growing food such as corn squash
00:51:31
and beans in the 906
people in the area began
00:51:37
building above ground houses called y.
00:51:41
Blows they also made pottery
for cooking and other uses
00:51:49
scientists today find evidence of
early pottery and Pueblo homes
00:51:56
all over Petrified Forest National Park
00:52:02
a long and severe drought in the
early 14 hundreds forced most
00:52:09
of the people living here to
move but new groups soon arrived
00:52:16
European explorers came
in the 1500s by the
00:52:23
1800s American pioneers
began settling in the area
00:52:30
and by the 1920s American
motorists were traveling on u.s.
00:52:37
Route 66 the road winds through
the heart of the Painted
00:52:44
Desert long before humans entered
the area though dinosaurs
00:52:50
dominated. Petrified
Forest National Park is
00:52:55
a world class area for fossil
research the fossil record at the
00:53:01
park preserves some of the earliest
dinosaurs the dinosaur fossils
00:53:08
are from the late Triassic period
called the dawn of the dinosaurs
00:53:16
they help scientists reconstruct
ancient environments
00:53:23
the land here was set aside as
00:53:26
a national monument in
1906 Congress moved to
00:53:33
protect it because of its unique
ecosystem record of human
00:53:40
history and dramatic
southwestern scenery it became
00:53:47
a national park in 1962 more than
00:53:52
800000 people visit the
Petrified Forest National Park
00:53:59
each year the best way to
explore the park is by foot
00:54:07
the National Park Service maintains
many kilometers of walking trails
00:54:15
the crystal Forest Trail is
00:54:18
a one kilometer path it is named
for the crystals that can be
00:54:24
seen on the pieces of petrified
wood the trail is one of the
00:54:31
best chances to see this
fossilized wood up close
00:54:38
the Petrified Forest includes
many shapes and sizes of wood
00:54:46
from
00:54:46
a large logs to stumps to the
smallest remains of plants
00:54:53
. Most of the petrified wood
found in the park is made up of
00:55:00
quartz courts is
00:55:03
a hard colorless mineral
of the wood sometimes
00:55:10
shines in the sunlight as if
covered by glitter the Painted
00:55:16
Desert rim trail offers visitors
00:55:20
a good chance to see the
parks wildlife lizards and
00:55:27
rabbits are common so are snakes and foxes
00:55:34
early morning or evening are
the best times to see animals
00:55:41
these are also the times
when the sun makes
00:55:45
a painted desert the most colorful
RINGBACK and spectacular. But
00:55:52
whenever you choose to visit the
Petrified Forest and painted desert
00:55:59
will awaken your senses and your
curiosity about this ancient
00:56:06
place. I'm Katie Weaver
and I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:56:27
And that's our program for today listen
again tomorrow to learn English through
00:56:34
stories from around the world I'm
Pete Musto and I'm Dorothy Gandy.
00:56:59
From Washington this is video
00:57:01
a new use. In Jonathan
00:57:08
Jones reporting 2 former u.s.
00:57:11
Intelligence officials strongly criticized
President Trump on Sunday for saying he
00:57:16
believes that Russian President Vladimir
Putin feels that he and Russia did not
00:57:22
meddle in the 2016 u.s.
00:57:24
Presidential election former CIA Director
John Brennan in an appearance on c.n.n.
00:57:30
With James Clapper the former director
of National Intelligence said Trump's
00:57:35
initial indication that he believes
Putin shows that Donald Trump can be
00:57:39
manipulated or played by foreign leaders
who are going to appeal to his ego and try
00:57:46
to play up play upon his insecurities
which is very very worrisome from
00:57:51
a national security standpoint Clapper
said Russia poses an obvious threat to the
00:57:56
u.s. And to suggest otherwise quote poses
00:58:00
a peril to this country Trump was asked
Saturday whether the issue of Russian
00:58:04
meddling in the 2016 u.s.
00:58:07
Presidential election came up in conversations
with Putin in Vietnam where the 2
00:58:12
leaders attended an Asia. Aciphex summit
Trump replied He said he didn't medal he
00:58:17
said he didn't medal I asked him again you
can only ask so many times Trump then
00:58:23
said that whole thing was set up by the
Democrats and he criticized former American
00:58:28
intelligence leaders including Brennan and
Clapper he said they're political hacks
00:58:34
so you look at it and then you have Brennan
and you have Clapper and you have James
00:58:38
Komi Komi is proven now to be
a liar and he's proven to be
00:58:42
a leaker said the president
of the former f.b.i.
00:58:46
Director who he fired early in his
presidency President Trump is now in the
00:58:51
Philippines the last stop of his 5
nation Asia tour this is v.o.a.
00:58:55
New. In his 1st visit to Catalonia
since imposing direct rule of
00:59:02
Spanish prime minister
Mario Raj a cold for
00:59:05
a strong turnout in the December 21st cattle
and elections he said we want to bring
00:59:11
back the Catalonia that belongs to every
one with democracy and freedom we will
00:59:16
achieve this if the silent
majority turns its voice into
00:59:20
a vote he said Sunday his
visit to Barcelona comes
00:59:25
a day after Catalonia is
independence movement to staged
00:59:29
a massive protest in the city demanding
the release of jailed leaders and
00:59:34
recognition of a separate cattle and
Republic Rajoy is expected to make
00:59:39
a campaign appearance in Barcelona for
his conservative Popular Party ahead of
00:59:44
regional elections next
month for the 1st time
00:59:47
a museum in Australia is telling the
stories of the massacres by colonists of
00:59:52
indigenous people from an Aboriginal
perspective it is thought thousands of 1st
00:59:57
Nation people were murdered by white
settlers up until the 1940 s.
01:00:02
But much of that history is
yet to be uncovered from so.
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- 2017-11-23 16:53:39
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- Previous
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- 20171112190000
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- Scanningcenter
- San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sound
- sound
- Start_localtime
- 2017-11-12 14:00:00
- Start_time
- 2017-11-12 19:00:00
- Stop_time
- 2017-11-12 20:00:00
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- -500
- Year
- 2017
comment
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