VOA [Voice of America] Global English : February 21, 2020 08:00AM-09:00AM EST
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VOA [Voice of America] Global English : February 21, 2020 08:00AM-09:00AM EST
- Publication date
- 2020-02-21
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- Radio Program, Deaths from myocardial infarction, American lawyers, Pseudonymous musicians, Macroeconomics, American male singers, Geography of Iraq, Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Amherst College alumni, Governors of Massachusetts, Massachusetts State Senators, American pop singer-songwriters, Weapons, Federalism, Elections, Parts of speech, African-American rappers, Unix software, Titles, Windows software, Linux software, Political theories
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Closed captions transcript:
00:00:05
This is the news I'm Laurel Berman China
reported an uptick in new cases of Corona
00:00:12
virus on Friday boosted by more than 200
people testing positive for the disease
00:00:17
into prisons outside of the province the
epicenter of the outbreak China has had
00:00:23
more than 2200 deaths and more than 75000
reported infections Meanwhile as Phil
00:00:30
Mercer reports for v.o.a.
00:00:32
2 Australians evacuated from
00:00:34
a cruise ship in Japan have tested positive
for the new virus after being flown
00:00:38
home authorities in
camera have also extended
00:00:41
a ban for another wait for foreign travelers
arriving from mainland China where the
00:00:46
virus was 1st reported here here's Bill
Mercer talked to Diane Stevens from the
00:00:51
national critical care and trauma response
center says the 2 patients will be sent
00:00:57
to hospitals near their homes those
paid for will remain well and.
00:01:04
Ill with cold like symptoms and they
do not necessarily need to be in the
00:01:11
hospital system but more than likely well
into the hospital system in their home
00:01:15
states while they managed to cope at 94
and change and oscillation procedures
00:01:22
the cruise ship passengers of being held
in quarantine. Is camp near Darwin in
00:01:29
Australia is Northern Territory
film a surfer v.l.a.
00:01:32
News Sydney hundreds of people gathered in
Berlin and had now Germany for vigils to
00:01:39
remember the victims of I mash shooting
that left 9 people dead Germany's president
00:01:44
told those gathered that the attacks have
left Germany speechless sad and angry
00:01:49
a 43 year old German who posted
00:01:51
a manifesto calling for the complete
extermination of many races or cultures in our
00:01:56
Metz shot and killed the 9 who had foreign
backgrounds mostly Turkish at sites near
00:02:02
Frankford. This is v.o.a.
00:02:04
News the United States says it's very
alarmed about the safety and protection of
00:02:09
over $3000000.00 civilians in and surrounding
areas in Syria meanwhile hundreds of
00:02:16
thousands of civilians are trapped
between the warring parties v.o.a.
00:02:20
As Heather Murdoch reports
from Syria we are here in
00:02:23
a camp about 2 days' journey from adlib
where families have fled for many it is the
00:02:28
closest relatively safe place to take shelter
but families here are still short on
00:02:34
medicine electricity and other basic needs
since December 900000 people have been
00:02:40
displaced and hundreds have died including
children that are frozen to death.
00:02:45
Families here in this camp say they have
been displaced 34 or 5 times but many of
00:02:50
their friends and relatives they say are
still trapped in the battle zone Syrian
00:02:54
President Bashar al Assad
hopes to declare victory over
00:02:57
a multitude of warring parties in its
lead but aid organizations say without an
00:03:02
immediate cease fire the crisis will deepen
had there Murdoch the news man beach
00:03:07
Syria a federal judge on Thursday
center sentenced Roger Stone
00:03:12
a veteran Republican operative and President
Donald Trump's longtime confident to
00:03:17
more than 3 years in
prison for obstructing
00:03:20
a congressional inquiry inquiry into Russian
interference in the 26000 presidential
00:03:25
election the a.p.
00:03:26
Sagar Madani has more stone is now facing
40 months in federal prison after being
00:03:32
convicted last year of witness tampering
lied to Congress and other charges Justice
00:03:37
Department prosecutors
originally recommended
00:03:39
a 7 to 90 year sentence but Bart backed
off that following complaints from
00:03:44
President Trump Judge Amy Berman
Jackson said Stone merited
00:03:48
a significant sentence but said the 7 to 9
year recommendation was excessive the 67
00:03:54
year old stones lawyers asked for no prison
time citing his age health and the lack
00:03:59
of
00:03:59
a criminal record he's the 6 The trouble sociate
or advisor convicted on charges stemming
00:04:05
from the special counsel's Russia probe
Saager Megami Washington federal
00:04:10
authorities have launched
00:04:11
a new enforcement operation focusing on
meth trafficking Hobbs' Correspondent Mike
00:04:17
Rossi are reports federal
authorities have launched
00:04:19
a new initiative aimed at disrupting the
trafficking of methamphetamine in the
00:04:23
United States in Atlanta Thursday acting
administrator Tom Dillon announced the DEA
00:04:28
is launching Operation Crystal shield
the operational focus on 8 so called
00:04:34
transportation hubs where
meth is brought into the u.s.
00:04:37
From Mexico one here in Atlanta and the
other 7 throughout the United States Los
00:04:42
Angeles Phoenix El Paso. So
Dallas Houston St Louis and
00:04:49
you are. Reporting this is the.
00:05:08
Best music.
00:05:25
A.
00:05:49
Pledge.
00:06:00
To. Say that there is
00:06:06
a. Gold
00:06:42
.
00:07:03
And.
00:07:47
It's just the way.
00:08:42
Sabrina commented was my name is make you
strong you hang out with me just. I have
00:08:46
some Chelsea Cutter on the way Machine Gun
Kelly some Bruno Mars and here is Daddy
00:08:51
Yankee and Katy Perry with
snow God of my own v.o.a.
00:08:54
One that hits.
00:09:11
The same language.
00:09:55
In
00:09:55
a similar. You
00:11:08
.
00:11:18
Know. This is in the midst.
00:11:55
Of such states losing the only one.
00:12:21
I don't. Know is so.
00:12:35
Cute. You. Because you.
00:14:55
E.d.m.
00:14:56
Artist on the rise Chelsea Cutler with sad
tonight she will be performing at coachella
00:15:01
this year that song said tonight as from
her debut album Hard to be human which was
00:15:06
released last month my name is Nikki
strong and here is tones and I would dance
00:15:10
monkey on v.o.a.
00:15:11
One that hits. And
00:15:36
.
00:16:21
Hurt. Me.
00:17:39
You.
00:19:03
It's come.
00:19:20
Back.
00:20:32
And I love the way the joint. Chiefs.
00:20:51
Are such
00:20:52
a. The
00:21:19
legs can lead to. A
00:21:26
plenty.
00:21:32
Plenty.
00:21:44
Plenty.
00:21:53
Plenty. Of
00:21:58
the
00:22:01
a. Leg. The
00:22:10
leg the
00:22:14
leg
00:22:27
. The leg. The
00:22:34
walk. The only one.
00:22:43
The I'm in such
00:22:46
a. Low blow. Oh
00:24:59
. Plenty.
00:25:10
Plenty.
00:25:18
Live.
00:25:29
Live. Live.
00:25:39
Lists. Lol.
00:25:52
Play play.
00:26:03
Play. Play.
00:26:11
Play.
00:26:23
Play.
00:26:29
Play.
00:26:35
Play. Play.
00:26:46
Play.
00:26:55
Live
00:27:28
.
00:27:35
Live live.
00:27:41
Live live
00:27:46
glabella make
00:27:49
a list. Live
00:28:07
.
00:28:09
Live
00:28:48
live.
00:29:36
V.l.a. One day his b.t.s.
00:29:38
And Hall is a boy with the love we
also had Bruno Mars and party b.
00:29:42
Finesse and Machine Gun Kelly with Camille
00:29:45
a bell bad things about Amos make you
strong if you need to reach me you can find
00:29:49
me on social media on Facebook and
Twitter at I am and i k k I s t r o
00:29:55
n g I am Nikki strong and you know
what this is right of course v.o.a.
00:30:01
One of the hits. Welcome to
00:30:08
learning the English daily 30 minute program
from the Voice of America I'm Jonathan
00:30:15
Abbott and I'm Ashley Thompson this program
is aimed at English learners so we
00:30:22
speak
00:30:22
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:30:29
English. Today on the program
00:30:36
you will hear from Mario Ritter Jr Susan
shad and John Russell Robins later we will
00:30:43
present our American history
series The Making of
00:30:47
a nation but 1st here is
Mario Ritter Jr. American
00:30:53
George Ball thinks he has one of the best
paying jobs available in the Chesapeake
00:31:00
Bay Area the Chesapeake
Bay stretches over 300
00:31:07
kilometers from Maryland to
Southeastern Virginia before its
00:31:13
waters finally reach the
Atlantic Ocean George Bell
00:31:20
catches
00:31:20
a fish called the Atlantic
man Hayden ball says that
00:31:27
in the area where he lives there
are not too many good jobs like
00:31:33
a is his ancestors also were
fisherman so he does not
00:31:40
want to change jobs starting
over would be treacherous he
00:31:47
told the Associated Press vol works for
00:31:52
a business called Omega protein
it processes his men Hayden catch
00:31:59
to make fish oil pills and
feed for farm raised salmon
00:32:07
but the company is facing increasing
restrictions on fishing critics
00:32:14
say it could be harming the
Chesapeake Bay by overfishing
00:32:21
last year Omega protein caught
30 percent more fish than legal
00:32:27
catch limits in the Chesapeake as
00:32:32
a result the federal government
is threatening to place
00:32:36
a temporary ban on men Hayden
fishing in Virginia as waters
00:32:44
the Marine Stewardship Council
00:32:47
a not for profit environmentalists
group is reconsidering the company's
00:32:53
certification for sustainability.
Environmentalists groups
00:33:01
sport fisherman and some state lawmakers
are calling for restraint sions
00:33:07
on the company's fishing
operations the harvest limit that
00:33:14
Omega protein did not obey was put
in place to protect the Chesapeake
00:33:21
Bay area the Bay is
America's largest estuary
00:33:28
a place where freshwater
and seawater mix many
00:33:34
animals including striped bass
and humpback whales depend
00:33:41
on the Atlantic menhaden for
food the Atlantic States
00:33:47
Marine Fisheries Commission sets
rules for fishing for groups at the
00:33:54
fishing limits as
00:33:56
a precautionary measure while it learns
more about the man Hayden population
00:34:05
Oh make up protein has promised to
obey the catch limits in the future
00:34:12
but it also says there is no scientific
evidence that the fish are being over
00:34:19
harvested or that the area
is being harmed Omega
00:34:25
protein is important to
the local economy 2017
00:34:32
study found that the business
added $88000000.00 to the state's
00:34:39
economy. It also said that the
company's closure would cut the
00:34:45
local counties earnings by 14
percent and employment by 8
00:34:52
percent. I'm Mario Ritter Jr.
00:35:09
20 Islam state I s group moved
across northern Iraq in
00:35:15
2014 its forces tried to
destroy the Us people
00:35:23
yes he these are an ethnic minority in
Iraq they had lived in the mountains of
00:35:28
Kurdistan for
00:35:30
a 1000 years I asked fighters killed
thousands of years E.D.'s and enslaved many
00:35:36
women and girls the culture was
threatened with genocide now
00:35:43
the British based on our
foundation is leading
00:35:47
a project that aims to teach young disease
the ancient music of their ancestors
00:35:54
the age group also hopes to create
00:35:57
a permanent record of their culture
the British government is providing
00:36:04
financial support to the project
yes he music is thought to be
00:36:11
between 5007000 years old however
it has never been written down
00:36:18
or recorded traditionally as the musicians
hand down the music from one generation
00:36:25
to the next musicians memorize up
to 500 individual pieces of music.
00:36:33
There are 3 kinds of music traditional
folk music which is linked to agriculture
00:36:40
ceremonial music and religious
music now these sounds are
00:36:47
being heard far beyond the
homeland in northern Iraq British
00:36:54
violinist Michel Bachmann is leading
the Ahmar program this month he
00:37:00
invited the musicians to perform at the
Trinity la bonne Conservatoire of music and
00:37:07
dance in London the music of the
people is essential to their
00:37:14
culture he told v.o.a.
00:37:17
Only
00:37:17
a small group of people the Qualls cast
are permitted to sing the music there
00:37:25
are only 16 of them left Bachman added
He said he knew it was important to
00:37:31
record the music for future
generations Amar has made over 100
00:37:38
recordings in northern Iraq some were
produced at leash the 4000 year old
00:37:45
spiritual home of the z.d.
00:37:48
Sound engineers and musicians are also
visiting refugee camps where tens of
00:37:54
thousands of years people still
live after the I ask campaign
00:38:01
hundreds of young years C.D.'s are
learning to play the instruments of their
00:38:06
culture they include a stringed
instrument known as a tub or and
00:38:12
a kind of drum known as The Da among
the visiting London where several
00:38:19
women who had been held captive by
Islamic state. Among them was runoffs
00:38:26
who was only 14 when I asked forces
captured her village she says she faced
00:38:32
abuse every day but Nasir was later
released after her family paid money
00:38:39
she was forced to leave behind the daughter
she gave birth to while held captive.
00:38:47
Says the music project helps her forget
the past I wanted the support to continue
00:38:54
thanks to this project our people did not
lose hope and if they will continue to
00:39:00
help us we will not
give up she told v.o.a.
00:39:04
. Susan Chan.
00:39:22
In the American film Pulp
Fiction actor Samuel l.
00:39:27
Jackson challenges 2 criminals they
are trying to take money from all
00:39:34
of the people in our restaurant
Jackson plays the part of
00:39:39
a former criminal who used to carry
out targeted killings he wants to
00:39:46
change his life and does not want to
hurt people anymore but he does not
00:39:53
want to give his money to criminals
either Jackson asks one of the
00:39:59
criminals to use an adjective
he asks her to describe Fonzie
00:40:06
a character from the old American television
show Happy Days nobody's going to hurt
00:40:13
anybody we're all going to be like 3 little
fathers here what's fancy like. Oh ya
00:40:19
know what pool was cool for Murdoch
and that's what we're going to be
00:40:26
we're going to be cool today we will
explore the term that Jackson wanted to
00:40:32
hear cool
00:40:35
a word that has both formal and
casual uses the casual every
00:40:41
day uses of cool will be our
topic of discussion but 1st we
00:40:48
begin with
00:40:49
a little history cool has its roots
in the Old English term Cole
00:40:56
meaning not warm notes the online
etymology dictionary Google
00:41:02
engram as evidence of cool being
used as far back as the 16th century
00:41:10
In other words cool has
00:41:12
a long history the writer William Shakespeare
even used the term and many of his
00:41:19
place including Othello and much
ado about nothing but Cool's
00:41:26
meanings have changed over time by the
20th century among its other meanings
00:41:33
cool eventually came to suggest
00:41:36
a kind of effortlessness Fonzie the character
you heard about at the beginning of
00:41:43
this report gives you one example
of the idea he does humorous
00:41:50
wonderful things without same ing to try
very hard yet Fonzie did not invent
00:41:56
cool some people claim this
effortless stylish way of acting is
00:42:03
a product of African American
art jewel Dinnerstein wrote
00:42:09
a book called The Origins of cool in
post-war America he says Cool came
00:42:16
from an artistic movement led primarily
by plaque musicians. Lester Young the
00:42:23
saxophone player is said to have made the
term popular in jazz music circles in the
00:42:30
1930 s. And 1940 s.
00:42:33
To be cool the interstate in note it meant
you carried personal authority through
00:42:39
a stylish mask of stoicism in other
words cool meant you endured
00:42:46
hardship but did not express
it outwardly over time cool
00:42:52
lost its connection with artistic movements
and became more common in every day
00:42:59
speech it still carries many meanings as
00:43:03
a verb noun adjective and
adverb However in casual
00:43:09
situations Americans often use
cool as an adjective or as an
00:43:16
adverb as an adjective cool
generally has 3 meanings
00:43:23
it can describe something as appealing in
00:43:26
a way that people like especially
young people for example Americans
00:43:33
often say things like cool
sunglasses or cool clothes
00:43:40
cool can show approval in
00:43:42
a very general way imagine you introduce
one of your friends to your father
00:43:50
after the meeting your friend might
say your dad is so cool or cool
00:43:56
can also show acceptance agreement
or understanding consider this
00:44:03
situation you are running late to
a meeting with a friend you send
00:44:09
a text message to apologize for your
delay your friend might respond
00:44:15
with the following message that's
cool no worries. For Amazon
00:44:22
television show patriot used to
cool in this way the main character
00:44:28
a spy named John Lakeman often gets
terrible news he shows acceptance
00:44:35
by saying cool. Cool. For School.
00:44:43
As an adverb cool generally means in
00:44:47
a calm manner to all of the most
common uses might be in the terms act
00:44:53
cool and play it cool imagine 2
children were playing around
00:45:00
and accidently broke something
perhaps they broke a lamp or
00:45:05
a dish in the house then they hear one of
their parents opening the door of their
00:45:10
house one child might say to the other
when dad walks in just act cool
00:45:17
don't say anything or when mom comes in
we have to play it cool or she will start
00:45:23
to suspect something finally
00:45:26
a word of warning Americans generally
describe other people with the adjective cool
00:45:34
they do not use it to describe themselves
this is where culture and grammar meet
00:45:41
an American would consider
00:45:43
a statement such as I am cool to be strange
even if it is grammatically correct
00:45:51
so when speaking with friends feel free
to use the term cool although informal
00:45:58
It has a good positive meaning
but you should think of cool as
00:46:03
a gift you can give to others if you
give that gift to yourself well
00:46:10
that's just not cool I'm Jill
Robins And I'm John Russell.
00:46:30
Welcome to the making of
00:46:32
a nation American history in video way
special English Vice President Calvin
00:46:39
Coolidge became president in 1923 following
the death of President Warren Harding
00:46:46
Coolidge quickly gained the trust of most
Americans by investigating the crimes of
00:46:51
Harding's top officials but conservative
economic policies of the new president
00:46:57
also won wide support Coolidge had one year
to prove his abilities to the American
00:47:04
people before the election of 1924 k.
00:47:09
Galanter and Harry Monroe tell us
about that election Coolidge was
00:47:15
a quiet man who believed in limited
government policies but his silence he
00:47:22
had
00:47:23
a fighting political spirit Coolidge had
worked for many years to gain the White House
00:47:30
he would not give it up without
00:47:33
a struggle Coolidge moved quickly
after becoming president to gain
00:47:39
control of the Republican Party he
named his own advisors to important
00:47:46
jobs and he replaced
00:47:48
a number of officials with people
whose loyalty he could trust most
00:47:55
Republicans liked Coolidge they felt
his popular policies would make him
00:48:02
a strong candidate in the presidential
election for this reason Coolidge
00:48:09
faced only one serious opponent for the
Republican presidential nomination in
00:48:15
1924. Coolidge's opponent
was the great automobile
00:48:22
manufacturer Henry Ford
of Michigan Ford had been
00:48:27
a Democratic candidate for the
Senate in 1918 he lost that election
00:48:35
but after the election some people in his
company began to call for Ford to be
00:48:42
the Republican presidential
nominee in 1924
00:48:49
Ford was one of history's greatest
inventors and manufacturers but he
00:48:56
had limited skills in politics
Ford was poorly educated
00:49:04
he had extreme opinions about
00:49:07
a number of groups he hated
labor unions the stock market
00:49:14
dancing smoking and drinking
alcohol but most of all
00:49:21
forward hated Jews he produced
00:49:25
a number of publications accusing
the Jewish people of organizing
00:49:31
international plots at
1st Ford appeared to be
00:49:38
a strong opponent to Coolidge but
soon he realized that Coolidge
00:49:44
was too strong politically his economic
policies were popular among the
00:49:51
people and the nation was at
peace the party could not
00:49:58
deny Coolidge's nomination
Ford himself put an end to
00:50:05
his chances by telling the nation that
it was perfectly safe with Coolidge.
00:50:13
Calvin Coolidge won the presidential
nomination easily at the
00:50:19
1924 Republican convention
in Cleveland Ohio the
00:50:25
Republican delegates chose Charles
Dawes of Illinois to run with him
00:50:32
as the vice presidential candidate
the Democratic Party was much more
00:50:39
divided many of the groups that traditionally
supported democratic candidates
00:50:46
know were fighting against each other
for example many farmers did not
00:50:53
agree on policies with people living in
cities the educated did not agree with
00:51:00
an educated people and many Protestant
workers felt divided from Roman
00:51:06
Catholic and Jewish workers these
differences made it hard for the
00:51:12
Democratic Party to choose
00:51:15
a national candidate there was
little spirit of compromise 2 main
00:51:22
candidates campaigned for the Democratic
nomination the 1st was former
00:51:29
treasury secretary William McAdoo
McAdoo had the support of many
00:51:35
Democrats because of his strong administration
of the railroads during the World
00:51:41
War Democratic voters in southern
and western states liked him
00:51:48
because of his conservative racial
policies and his opposition to alcohol.
00:51:56
The 2nd main candidate was Alfred
Smith the governor of New York
00:52:03
Smith was
00:52:04
a Roman Catholic he was very popular
with people in the eastern cities Roman
00:52:10
Catholics and supporters of legal
alcohol but many rural delegates
00:52:18
to the convention did not trust
him the Democratic Party
00:52:24
Convention met in New York
City it quickly became
00:52:29
a battle between the more liberal
delegates from the city is and the more
00:52:36
conservative delegates from
rural areas it was July
00:52:43
the heat was intense speaker after
speaker appealed to the delegates for
00:52:50
votes one day passed
then another for 9 days
00:52:57
the nation listened on the radio as the
delegates argued about the nomination
00:53:04
the delegates voted $95.00
times without success finally
00:53:11
McAdoo and Smith agreed to
withdraw from the race even then
00:53:19
the delegates had to vote 8 more
times before they finally agreed on
00:53:25
compromise candidates the
Democratic delegates finally
00:53:31
chose John Davis to be their
presidential nominee Davis was
00:53:38
a lawyer for
00:53:40
a major bank he had served briefly
under President Wilson as
00:53:46
ambassador to Britain the delegates
also chose Charles Bryan
00:53:53
to be the vice presidential candidate.
Brian was very younger brother of the
00:54:00
famous Democrat and populist
leader William Jennings Bryan
00:54:07
There also was
00:54:09
a 3rd party in the 1924 election
many of the old progressive
00:54:16
supporters of Theodore Roosevelt and
Woodrow Wilson opposed the choices of the
00:54:22
Republicans and Democrats they thought
the country needed another candidate to
00:54:29
keep alive the spirit of reform
progressive candidates had done
00:54:36
well in the congressional election
of 1922 but following the
00:54:42
election Communists had gained influence
in one of the major progressive parties
00:54:50
most progressive did not want to
join with communists so they formed
00:54:57
a new progressive party the new party
named Senator Robert le Follet
00:55:04
of Wisconsin to be its presidential
candidate before led to campaign
00:55:10
for increased taxes on the rich and
public ownership of water power
00:55:17
he called for an end to child labor and
limits on the poer of the courts to
00:55:24
interfere in labor disputes and
fall it warned the nation about the
00:55:31
dangers of single large companies
gaining control of important
00:55:37
industries Coolidge won the 1924 election
00:55:44
easily he one of the electoral
votes of 35 states to
00:55:50
just 12 for Davis of the
Democrats. Love Follett's one only
00:55:57
Wisconsin his home state
Coolidge also won more popular
00:56:04
votes than the other 2 candidates
together the American people
00:56:11
voted for Coolidge partly to thank him
for bringing back honesty and trust to
00:56:18
the White House following the crimes
of the Harding administration but the
00:56:24
main reason was that they liked his
conservative economic policy is and
00:56:31
his support of business left
Follett's progressive party died
00:56:38
following the 1924 election most
of his supporters later joined the
00:56:45
Democrats but the reform spirit of
their movement remained alive through
00:56:52
the next 4 years they were difficult
years for progressives conservatives
00:56:59
in Congress passed laws reducing
taxes for corporations and richer
00:57:05
Americans progress is fought
for reforms in national
00:57:12
agriculture policies most farmers
did not share in the general
00:57:19
economic growth of the
1920 s Instead their costs
00:57:25
increased while the price of their
products fell many farmers lost
00:57:32
their farms farmers and the progress
of wanted the federal government to
00:57:38
create
00:57:39
a system to control prices and the
total supply of food produced.
00:57:46
They said the government should buy them
to keep any extra food that farmers
00:57:53
produced and they called for oficial
zx to help them export food
00:58:00
Coolidge and most Republicans rejected
the as ideas and they said it
00:58:07
was not to the business of
00:58:09
a free government to fix farm
prices and they feared the high
00:58:15
costs of creating
00:58:17
a major new government department
and developing export markets
00:58:24
Coolidge vetoed 3 major farm reform
bills following his election
00:58:33
the debate over farm policy was in
many ways like the debate over taxes
00:58:40
or public controls on
power companies there was
00:58:44
a basic difference of opinion about
the proper actions of government more
00:58:51
conservative Americans believed the purpose
of government was to support private
00:58:58
business not to control it but
more liberal Americans believed
00:59:05
that government needed to do more to make
sure that citizens of all kinds could
00:59:11
share the nation's wealth more equally
Coolidge and the Republicans were
00:59:18
in control in the 1920 s.
00:59:22
For this reason the nation
generally stayed on
00:59:26
a conservative path the Democrats and
progressives would have to wait until later
00:59:33
to put many of their more
liberal ideas into action.
00:59:40
And that's our program for today listen
again tomorrow to learn English 3 stories
00:59:47
from around the world I'm Jonathan
Evans and I'm Ashley Thomson.
01:00:05
This is the news I'm Laurel been
to Australia vacuum waited from
01:00:10
a cruise ship and Japan have tested positive
for the new coronavirus after being
01:00:15
flown home authorities have also.
00:00:05
This is the news I'm Laurel Berman China
reported an uptick in new cases of Corona
00:00:12
virus on Friday boosted by more than 200
people testing positive for the disease
00:00:17
into prisons outside of the province the
epicenter of the outbreak China has had
00:00:23
more than 2200 deaths and more than 75000
reported infections Meanwhile as Phil
00:00:30
Mercer reports for v.o.a.
00:00:32
2 Australians evacuated from
00:00:34
a cruise ship in Japan have tested positive
for the new virus after being flown
00:00:38
home authorities in
camera have also extended
00:00:41
a ban for another wait for foreign travelers
arriving from mainland China where the
00:00:46
virus was 1st reported here here's Bill
Mercer talked to Diane Stevens from the
00:00:51
national critical care and trauma response
center says the 2 patients will be sent
00:00:57
to hospitals near their homes those
paid for will remain well and.
00:01:04
Ill with cold like symptoms and they
do not necessarily need to be in the
00:01:11
hospital system but more than likely well
into the hospital system in their home
00:01:15
states while they managed to cope at 94
and change and oscillation procedures
00:01:22
the cruise ship passengers of being held
in quarantine. Is camp near Darwin in
00:01:29
Australia is Northern Territory
film a surfer v.l.a.
00:01:32
News Sydney hundreds of people gathered in
Berlin and had now Germany for vigils to
00:01:39
remember the victims of I mash shooting
that left 9 people dead Germany's president
00:01:44
told those gathered that the attacks have
left Germany speechless sad and angry
00:01:49
a 43 year old German who posted
00:01:51
a manifesto calling for the complete
extermination of many races or cultures in our
00:01:56
Metz shot and killed the 9 who had foreign
backgrounds mostly Turkish at sites near
00:02:02
Frankford. This is v.o.a.
00:02:04
News the United States says it's very
alarmed about the safety and protection of
00:02:09
over $3000000.00 civilians in and surrounding
areas in Syria meanwhile hundreds of
00:02:16
thousands of civilians are trapped
between the warring parties v.o.a.
00:02:20
As Heather Murdoch reports
from Syria we are here in
00:02:23
a camp about 2 days' journey from adlib
where families have fled for many it is the
00:02:28
closest relatively safe place to take shelter
but families here are still short on
00:02:34
medicine electricity and other basic needs
since December 900000 people have been
00:02:40
displaced and hundreds have died including
children that are frozen to death.
00:02:45
Families here in this camp say they have
been displaced 34 or 5 times but many of
00:02:50
their friends and relatives they say are
still trapped in the battle zone Syrian
00:02:54
President Bashar al Assad
hopes to declare victory over
00:02:57
a multitude of warring parties in its
lead but aid organizations say without an
00:03:02
immediate cease fire the crisis will deepen
had there Murdoch the news man beach
00:03:07
Syria a federal judge on Thursday
center sentenced Roger Stone
00:03:12
a veteran Republican operative and President
Donald Trump's longtime confident to
00:03:17
more than 3 years in
prison for obstructing
00:03:20
a congressional inquiry inquiry into Russian
interference in the 26000 presidential
00:03:25
election the a.p.
00:03:26
Sagar Madani has more stone is now facing
40 months in federal prison after being
00:03:32
convicted last year of witness tampering
lied to Congress and other charges Justice
00:03:37
Department prosecutors
originally recommended
00:03:39
a 7 to 90 year sentence but Bart backed
off that following complaints from
00:03:44
President Trump Judge Amy Berman
Jackson said Stone merited
00:03:48
a significant sentence but said the 7 to 9
year recommendation was excessive the 67
00:03:54
year old stones lawyers asked for no prison
time citing his age health and the lack
00:03:59
of
00:03:59
a criminal record he's the 6 The trouble sociate
or advisor convicted on charges stemming
00:04:05
from the special counsel's Russia probe
Saager Megami Washington federal
00:04:10
authorities have launched
00:04:11
a new enforcement operation focusing on
meth trafficking Hobbs' Correspondent Mike
00:04:17
Rossi are reports federal
authorities have launched
00:04:19
a new initiative aimed at disrupting the
trafficking of methamphetamine in the
00:04:23
United States in Atlanta Thursday acting
administrator Tom Dillon announced the DEA
00:04:28
is launching Operation Crystal shield
the operational focus on 8 so called
00:04:34
transportation hubs where
meth is brought into the u.s.
00:04:37
From Mexico one here in Atlanta and the
other 7 throughout the United States Los
00:04:42
Angeles Phoenix El Paso. So
Dallas Houston St Louis and
00:04:49
you are. Reporting this is the.
00:05:08
Best music.
00:05:25
A.
00:05:49
Pledge.
00:06:00
To. Say that there is
00:06:06
a. Gold
00:06:42
.
00:07:03
And.
00:07:47
It's just the way.
00:08:42
Sabrina commented was my name is make you
strong you hang out with me just. I have
00:08:46
some Chelsea Cutter on the way Machine Gun
Kelly some Bruno Mars and here is Daddy
00:08:51
Yankee and Katy Perry with
snow God of my own v.o.a.
00:08:54
One that hits.
00:09:11
The same language.
00:09:55
In
00:09:55
a similar. You
00:11:08
.
00:11:18
Know. This is in the midst.
00:11:55
Of such states losing the only one.
00:12:21
I don't. Know is so.
00:12:35
Cute. You. Because you.
00:14:55
E.d.m.
00:14:56
Artist on the rise Chelsea Cutler with sad
tonight she will be performing at coachella
00:15:01
this year that song said tonight as from
her debut album Hard to be human which was
00:15:06
released last month my name is Nikki
strong and here is tones and I would dance
00:15:10
monkey on v.o.a.
00:15:11
One that hits. And
00:15:36
.
00:16:21
Hurt. Me.
00:17:39
You.
00:19:03
It's come.
00:19:20
Back.
00:20:32
And I love the way the joint. Chiefs.
00:20:51
Are such
00:20:52
a. The
00:21:19
legs can lead to. A
00:21:26
plenty.
00:21:32
Plenty.
00:21:44
Plenty.
00:21:53
Plenty. Of
00:21:58
the
00:22:01
a. Leg. The
00:22:10
leg the
00:22:14
leg
00:22:27
. The leg. The
00:22:34
walk. The only one.
00:22:43
The I'm in such
00:22:46
a. Low blow. Oh
00:24:59
. Plenty.
00:25:10
Plenty.
00:25:18
Live.
00:25:29
Live. Live.
00:25:39
Lists. Lol.
00:25:52
Play play.
00:26:03
Play. Play.
00:26:11
Play.
00:26:23
Play.
00:26:29
Play.
00:26:35
Play. Play.
00:26:46
Play.
00:26:55
Live
00:27:28
.
00:27:35
Live live.
00:27:41
Live live
00:27:46
glabella make
00:27:49
a list. Live
00:28:07
.
00:28:09
Live
00:28:48
live.
00:29:36
V.l.a. One day his b.t.s.
00:29:38
And Hall is a boy with the love we
also had Bruno Mars and party b.
00:29:42
Finesse and Machine Gun Kelly with Camille
00:29:45
a bell bad things about Amos make you
strong if you need to reach me you can find
00:29:49
me on social media on Facebook and
Twitter at I am and i k k I s t r o
00:29:55
n g I am Nikki strong and you know
what this is right of course v.o.a.
00:30:01
One of the hits. Welcome to
00:30:08
learning the English daily 30 minute program
from the Voice of America I'm Jonathan
00:30:15
Abbott and I'm Ashley Thompson this program
is aimed at English learners so we
00:30:22
speak
00:30:22
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:30:29
English. Today on the program
00:30:36
you will hear from Mario Ritter Jr Susan
shad and John Russell Robins later we will
00:30:43
present our American history
series The Making of
00:30:47
a nation but 1st here is
Mario Ritter Jr. American
00:30:53
George Ball thinks he has one of the best
paying jobs available in the Chesapeake
00:31:00
Bay Area the Chesapeake
Bay stretches over 300
00:31:07
kilometers from Maryland to
Southeastern Virginia before its
00:31:13
waters finally reach the
Atlantic Ocean George Bell
00:31:20
catches
00:31:20
a fish called the Atlantic
man Hayden ball says that
00:31:27
in the area where he lives there
are not too many good jobs like
00:31:33
a is his ancestors also were
fisherman so he does not
00:31:40
want to change jobs starting
over would be treacherous he
00:31:47
told the Associated Press vol works for
00:31:52
a business called Omega protein
it processes his men Hayden catch
00:31:59
to make fish oil pills and
feed for farm raised salmon
00:32:07
but the company is facing increasing
restrictions on fishing critics
00:32:14
say it could be harming the
Chesapeake Bay by overfishing
00:32:21
last year Omega protein caught
30 percent more fish than legal
00:32:27
catch limits in the Chesapeake as
00:32:32
a result the federal government
is threatening to place
00:32:36
a temporary ban on men Hayden
fishing in Virginia as waters
00:32:44
the Marine Stewardship Council
00:32:47
a not for profit environmentalists
group is reconsidering the company's
00:32:53
certification for sustainability.
Environmentalists groups
00:33:01
sport fisherman and some state lawmakers
are calling for restraint sions
00:33:07
on the company's fishing
operations the harvest limit that
00:33:14
Omega protein did not obey was put
in place to protect the Chesapeake
00:33:21
Bay area the Bay is
America's largest estuary
00:33:28
a place where freshwater
and seawater mix many
00:33:34
animals including striped bass
and humpback whales depend
00:33:41
on the Atlantic menhaden for
food the Atlantic States
00:33:47
Marine Fisheries Commission sets
rules for fishing for groups at the
00:33:54
fishing limits as
00:33:56
a precautionary measure while it learns
more about the man Hayden population
00:34:05
Oh make up protein has promised to
obey the catch limits in the future
00:34:12
but it also says there is no scientific
evidence that the fish are being over
00:34:19
harvested or that the area
is being harmed Omega
00:34:25
protein is important to
the local economy 2017
00:34:32
study found that the business
added $88000000.00 to the state's
00:34:39
economy. It also said that the
company's closure would cut the
00:34:45
local counties earnings by 14
percent and employment by 8
00:34:52
percent. I'm Mario Ritter Jr.
00:35:09
20 Islam state I s group moved
across northern Iraq in
00:35:15
2014 its forces tried to
destroy the Us people
00:35:23
yes he these are an ethnic minority in
Iraq they had lived in the mountains of
00:35:28
Kurdistan for
00:35:30
a 1000 years I asked fighters killed
thousands of years E.D.'s and enslaved many
00:35:36
women and girls the culture was
threatened with genocide now
00:35:43
the British based on our
foundation is leading
00:35:47
a project that aims to teach young disease
the ancient music of their ancestors
00:35:54
the age group also hopes to create
00:35:57
a permanent record of their culture
the British government is providing
00:36:04
financial support to the project
yes he music is thought to be
00:36:11
between 5007000 years old however
it has never been written down
00:36:18
or recorded traditionally as the musicians
hand down the music from one generation
00:36:25
to the next musicians memorize up
to 500 individual pieces of music.
00:36:33
There are 3 kinds of music traditional
folk music which is linked to agriculture
00:36:40
ceremonial music and religious
music now these sounds are
00:36:47
being heard far beyond the
homeland in northern Iraq British
00:36:54
violinist Michel Bachmann is leading
the Ahmar program this month he
00:37:00
invited the musicians to perform at the
Trinity la bonne Conservatoire of music and
00:37:07
dance in London the music of the
people is essential to their
00:37:14
culture he told v.o.a.
00:37:17
Only
00:37:17
a small group of people the Qualls cast
are permitted to sing the music there
00:37:25
are only 16 of them left Bachman added
He said he knew it was important to
00:37:31
record the music for future
generations Amar has made over 100
00:37:38
recordings in northern Iraq some were
produced at leash the 4000 year old
00:37:45
spiritual home of the z.d.
00:37:48
Sound engineers and musicians are also
visiting refugee camps where tens of
00:37:54
thousands of years people still
live after the I ask campaign
00:38:01
hundreds of young years C.D.'s are
learning to play the instruments of their
00:38:06
culture they include a stringed
instrument known as a tub or and
00:38:12
a kind of drum known as The Da among
the visiting London where several
00:38:19
women who had been held captive by
Islamic state. Among them was runoffs
00:38:26
who was only 14 when I asked forces
captured her village she says she faced
00:38:32
abuse every day but Nasir was later
released after her family paid money
00:38:39
she was forced to leave behind the daughter
she gave birth to while held captive.
00:38:47
Says the music project helps her forget
the past I wanted the support to continue
00:38:54
thanks to this project our people did not
lose hope and if they will continue to
00:39:00
help us we will not
give up she told v.o.a.
00:39:04
. Susan Chan.
00:39:22
In the American film Pulp
Fiction actor Samuel l.
00:39:27
Jackson challenges 2 criminals they
are trying to take money from all
00:39:34
of the people in our restaurant
Jackson plays the part of
00:39:39
a former criminal who used to carry
out targeted killings he wants to
00:39:46
change his life and does not want to
hurt people anymore but he does not
00:39:53
want to give his money to criminals
either Jackson asks one of the
00:39:59
criminals to use an adjective
he asks her to describe Fonzie
00:40:06
a character from the old American television
show Happy Days nobody's going to hurt
00:40:13
anybody we're all going to be like 3 little
fathers here what's fancy like. Oh ya
00:40:19
know what pool was cool for Murdoch
and that's what we're going to be
00:40:26
we're going to be cool today we will
explore the term that Jackson wanted to
00:40:32
hear cool
00:40:35
a word that has both formal and
casual uses the casual every
00:40:41
day uses of cool will be our
topic of discussion but 1st we
00:40:48
begin with
00:40:49
a little history cool has its roots
in the Old English term Cole
00:40:56
meaning not warm notes the online
etymology dictionary Google
00:41:02
engram as evidence of cool being
used as far back as the 16th century
00:41:10
In other words cool has
00:41:12
a long history the writer William Shakespeare
even used the term and many of his
00:41:19
place including Othello and much
ado about nothing but Cool's
00:41:26
meanings have changed over time by the
20th century among its other meanings
00:41:33
cool eventually came to suggest
00:41:36
a kind of effortlessness Fonzie the character
you heard about at the beginning of
00:41:43
this report gives you one example
of the idea he does humorous
00:41:50
wonderful things without same ing to try
very hard yet Fonzie did not invent
00:41:56
cool some people claim this
effortless stylish way of acting is
00:42:03
a product of African American
art jewel Dinnerstein wrote
00:42:09
a book called The Origins of cool in
post-war America he says Cool came
00:42:16
from an artistic movement led primarily
by plaque musicians. Lester Young the
00:42:23
saxophone player is said to have made the
term popular in jazz music circles in the
00:42:30
1930 s. And 1940 s.
00:42:33
To be cool the interstate in note it meant
you carried personal authority through
00:42:39
a stylish mask of stoicism in other
words cool meant you endured
00:42:46
hardship but did not express
it outwardly over time cool
00:42:52
lost its connection with artistic movements
and became more common in every day
00:42:59
speech it still carries many meanings as
00:43:03
a verb noun adjective and
adverb However in casual
00:43:09
situations Americans often use
cool as an adjective or as an
00:43:16
adverb as an adjective cool
generally has 3 meanings
00:43:23
it can describe something as appealing in
00:43:26
a way that people like especially
young people for example Americans
00:43:33
often say things like cool
sunglasses or cool clothes
00:43:40
cool can show approval in
00:43:42
a very general way imagine you introduce
one of your friends to your father
00:43:50
after the meeting your friend might
say your dad is so cool or cool
00:43:56
can also show acceptance agreement
or understanding consider this
00:44:03
situation you are running late to
a meeting with a friend you send
00:44:09
a text message to apologize for your
delay your friend might respond
00:44:15
with the following message that's
cool no worries. For Amazon
00:44:22
television show patriot used to
cool in this way the main character
00:44:28
a spy named John Lakeman often gets
terrible news he shows acceptance
00:44:35
by saying cool. Cool. For School.
00:44:43
As an adverb cool generally means in
00:44:47
a calm manner to all of the most
common uses might be in the terms act
00:44:53
cool and play it cool imagine 2
children were playing around
00:45:00
and accidently broke something
perhaps they broke a lamp or
00:45:05
a dish in the house then they hear one of
their parents opening the door of their
00:45:10
house one child might say to the other
when dad walks in just act cool
00:45:17
don't say anything or when mom comes in
we have to play it cool or she will start
00:45:23
to suspect something finally
00:45:26
a word of warning Americans generally
describe other people with the adjective cool
00:45:34
they do not use it to describe themselves
this is where culture and grammar meet
00:45:41
an American would consider
00:45:43
a statement such as I am cool to be strange
even if it is grammatically correct
00:45:51
so when speaking with friends feel free
to use the term cool although informal
00:45:58
It has a good positive meaning
but you should think of cool as
00:46:03
a gift you can give to others if you
give that gift to yourself well
00:46:10
that's just not cool I'm Jill
Robins And I'm John Russell.
00:46:30
Welcome to the making of
00:46:32
a nation American history in video way
special English Vice President Calvin
00:46:39
Coolidge became president in 1923 following
the death of President Warren Harding
00:46:46
Coolidge quickly gained the trust of most
Americans by investigating the crimes of
00:46:51
Harding's top officials but conservative
economic policies of the new president
00:46:57
also won wide support Coolidge had one year
to prove his abilities to the American
00:47:04
people before the election of 1924 k.
00:47:09
Galanter and Harry Monroe tell us
about that election Coolidge was
00:47:15
a quiet man who believed in limited
government policies but his silence he
00:47:22
had
00:47:23
a fighting political spirit Coolidge had
worked for many years to gain the White House
00:47:30
he would not give it up without
00:47:33
a struggle Coolidge moved quickly
after becoming president to gain
00:47:39
control of the Republican Party he
named his own advisors to important
00:47:46
jobs and he replaced
00:47:48
a number of officials with people
whose loyalty he could trust most
00:47:55
Republicans liked Coolidge they felt
his popular policies would make him
00:48:02
a strong candidate in the presidential
election for this reason Coolidge
00:48:09
faced only one serious opponent for the
Republican presidential nomination in
00:48:15
1924. Coolidge's opponent
was the great automobile
00:48:22
manufacturer Henry Ford
of Michigan Ford had been
00:48:27
a Democratic candidate for the
Senate in 1918 he lost that election
00:48:35
but after the election some people in his
company began to call for Ford to be
00:48:42
the Republican presidential
nominee in 1924
00:48:49
Ford was one of history's greatest
inventors and manufacturers but he
00:48:56
had limited skills in politics
Ford was poorly educated
00:49:04
he had extreme opinions about
00:49:07
a number of groups he hated
labor unions the stock market
00:49:14
dancing smoking and drinking
alcohol but most of all
00:49:21
forward hated Jews he produced
00:49:25
a number of publications accusing
the Jewish people of organizing
00:49:31
international plots at
1st Ford appeared to be
00:49:38
a strong opponent to Coolidge but
soon he realized that Coolidge
00:49:44
was too strong politically his economic
policies were popular among the
00:49:51
people and the nation was at
peace the party could not
00:49:58
deny Coolidge's nomination
Ford himself put an end to
00:50:05
his chances by telling the nation that
it was perfectly safe with Coolidge.
00:50:13
Calvin Coolidge won the presidential
nomination easily at the
00:50:19
1924 Republican convention
in Cleveland Ohio the
00:50:25
Republican delegates chose Charles
Dawes of Illinois to run with him
00:50:32
as the vice presidential candidate
the Democratic Party was much more
00:50:39
divided many of the groups that traditionally
supported democratic candidates
00:50:46
know were fighting against each other
for example many farmers did not
00:50:53
agree on policies with people living in
cities the educated did not agree with
00:51:00
an educated people and many Protestant
workers felt divided from Roman
00:51:06
Catholic and Jewish workers these
differences made it hard for the
00:51:12
Democratic Party to choose
00:51:15
a national candidate there was
little spirit of compromise 2 main
00:51:22
candidates campaigned for the Democratic
nomination the 1st was former
00:51:29
treasury secretary William McAdoo
McAdoo had the support of many
00:51:35
Democrats because of his strong administration
of the railroads during the World
00:51:41
War Democratic voters in southern
and western states liked him
00:51:48
because of his conservative racial
policies and his opposition to alcohol.
00:51:56
The 2nd main candidate was Alfred
Smith the governor of New York
00:52:03
Smith was
00:52:04
a Roman Catholic he was very popular
with people in the eastern cities Roman
00:52:10
Catholics and supporters of legal
alcohol but many rural delegates
00:52:18
to the convention did not trust
him the Democratic Party
00:52:24
Convention met in New York
City it quickly became
00:52:29
a battle between the more liberal
delegates from the city is and the more
00:52:36
conservative delegates from
rural areas it was July
00:52:43
the heat was intense speaker after
speaker appealed to the delegates for
00:52:50
votes one day passed
then another for 9 days
00:52:57
the nation listened on the radio as the
delegates argued about the nomination
00:53:04
the delegates voted $95.00
times without success finally
00:53:11
McAdoo and Smith agreed to
withdraw from the race even then
00:53:19
the delegates had to vote 8 more
times before they finally agreed on
00:53:25
compromise candidates the
Democratic delegates finally
00:53:31
chose John Davis to be their
presidential nominee Davis was
00:53:38
a lawyer for
00:53:40
a major bank he had served briefly
under President Wilson as
00:53:46
ambassador to Britain the delegates
also chose Charles Bryan
00:53:53
to be the vice presidential candidate.
Brian was very younger brother of the
00:54:00
famous Democrat and populist
leader William Jennings Bryan
00:54:07
There also was
00:54:09
a 3rd party in the 1924 election
many of the old progressive
00:54:16
supporters of Theodore Roosevelt and
Woodrow Wilson opposed the choices of the
00:54:22
Republicans and Democrats they thought
the country needed another candidate to
00:54:29
keep alive the spirit of reform
progressive candidates had done
00:54:36
well in the congressional election
of 1922 but following the
00:54:42
election Communists had gained influence
in one of the major progressive parties
00:54:50
most progressive did not want to
join with communists so they formed
00:54:57
a new progressive party the new party
named Senator Robert le Follet
00:55:04
of Wisconsin to be its presidential
candidate before led to campaign
00:55:10
for increased taxes on the rich and
public ownership of water power
00:55:17
he called for an end to child labor and
limits on the poer of the courts to
00:55:24
interfere in labor disputes and
fall it warned the nation about the
00:55:31
dangers of single large companies
gaining control of important
00:55:37
industries Coolidge won the 1924 election
00:55:44
easily he one of the electoral
votes of 35 states to
00:55:50
just 12 for Davis of the
Democrats. Love Follett's one only
00:55:57
Wisconsin his home state
Coolidge also won more popular
00:56:04
votes than the other 2 candidates
together the American people
00:56:11
voted for Coolidge partly to thank him
for bringing back honesty and trust to
00:56:18
the White House following the crimes
of the Harding administration but the
00:56:24
main reason was that they liked his
conservative economic policy is and
00:56:31
his support of business left
Follett's progressive party died
00:56:38
following the 1924 election most
of his supporters later joined the
00:56:45
Democrats but the reform spirit of
their movement remained alive through
00:56:52
the next 4 years they were difficult
years for progressives conservatives
00:56:59
in Congress passed laws reducing
taxes for corporations and richer
00:57:05
Americans progress is fought
for reforms in national
00:57:12
agriculture policies most farmers
did not share in the general
00:57:19
economic growth of the
1920 s Instead their costs
00:57:25
increased while the price of their
products fell many farmers lost
00:57:32
their farms farmers and the progress
of wanted the federal government to
00:57:38
create
00:57:39
a system to control prices and the
total supply of food produced.
00:57:46
They said the government should buy them
to keep any extra food that farmers
00:57:53
produced and they called for oficial
zx to help them export food
00:58:00
Coolidge and most Republicans rejected
the as ideas and they said it
00:58:07
was not to the business of
00:58:09
a free government to fix farm
prices and they feared the high
00:58:15
costs of creating
00:58:17
a major new government department
and developing export markets
00:58:24
Coolidge vetoed 3 major farm reform
bills following his election
00:58:33
the debate over farm policy was in
many ways like the debate over taxes
00:58:40
or public controls on
power companies there was
00:58:44
a basic difference of opinion about
the proper actions of government more
00:58:51
conservative Americans believed the purpose
of government was to support private
00:58:58
business not to control it but
more liberal Americans believed
00:59:05
that government needed to do more to make
sure that citizens of all kinds could
00:59:11
share the nation's wealth more equally
Coolidge and the Republicans were
00:59:18
in control in the 1920 s.
00:59:22
For this reason the nation
generally stayed on
00:59:26
a conservative path the Democrats and
progressives would have to wait until later
00:59:33
to put many of their more
liberal ideas into action.
00:59:40
And that's our program for today listen
again tomorrow to learn English 3 stories
00:59:47
from around the world I'm Jonathan
Evans and I'm Ashley Thomson.
01:00:05
This is the news I'm Laurel been
to Australia vacuum waited from
01:00:10
a cruise ship and Japan have tested positive
for the new coronavirus after being
01:00:15
flown home authorities have also.
Notes
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