it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten . when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputation of nazi collaborators in world war 2 was a moment. views of the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal. it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. it's bring in felix light, a journalist in moscow, russia. felix, welcome. tell us more about why the supreme court shut down this human rights group . rebecca, as with so much in russia's sort of legal system, this really is a sort of a story in 2 hobbs. on the one hand, we have the sort of the official justification for this lawsuit. for this shuttering of memorial, which is breaking rush is very controversial, foreign agent lose memorial has been a foreign agent for some years, and it is allegedly refused to market some of its sort of products on its literature as such. but i think allies at memorial stress that this is

cut a long story short stalin doesn't want trotsky to stick around so he gets killed. the next one, you can jump to the 60s in 70s. there are different artifacts. this is the heart that was used by what some called the spy of the century. the famous british officer secretly working for the soviet union. john walker, silver bar that we have that was given to him for his espionage activities. he set up aspiring and one reason, if you've been following in the past week a couple that are connected to the navy charged with espionage, john walker with the silver bar, they were paid with the crypto currency so we begin to think about the changes and espionage in the cold war up to now and the present day, these are the artifacts we have, the cold war into the present in so many ways, some of which we are going to discuss but you see the top left the connections to 9/11, the top rate you see joe biden, the premier of australia and the uk, all about what is happening in the south china sea, you see the bottom left here, what we see now is almost a succession struggle among grea

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union, under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2. we wasn't a moment. videos of the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal. it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. let's bring in puzzle andries. he's a on memorial board of directors and he joins us from 60 far in russia. welcome to d w. now this is just the latest blow by the russian state against memorial. why is that a mere putin's kremlin so determined to have your organisation close down? hello year years and i think i would need to say that it's a long history of oppression against the anymore l as in speech and came to the power. and i think there is 3 main reasons. the 1st one is that there's no lifestyle fledging or put in and he's close friends. he's the former. thank you, officer and all the many people around around

the historian came to prominence for researching the crimes committed during the regime of joseph stalin. dmitri f had worked for the renamed russian human rights organization, memorial, which documents soviet era, repression. in a separate case, the organization is facing closure for floating russia, so called foreign agent laws. a verdict is due on tuesday. russians have a saying about the unexpected. it blows like snow on to your head. but for historian arena shabba cova. the possibility that international memorial may be forced to close comes as no surprise. she helped found the n g o decades ago. but in 2016, the russian government found that the organization was a foreign agent. since it received contributions from abroad, it's come under increasing legal pressure ever since i would not li clanging to it if i mean we are the keepers of the memories that the russian state would most like to forget. since it only wants to remember its achievements and victories that scattered till this to rain, you had done daily that danny memorial is dedicated to coming to terms with what happened

, playing the role of stalin and jack dorsey playing someone who disappeared. the implication being he might be more censorious than jack dorsey. >> i don't think there is any evidence of that. dave: excuse me for interrupting but he said the first amendment is less of a concern than doing the right thing in terms of social -- etc.. he's on the record with some hits against the first amendment. >> we will see. as a california libertarian things like twitter have been phenomenally good for ability of people to express themselves in whatever format they want. it is great for freedom of speech. dave: not if you are censored. >> more people can communicate because of twitter, it allows almost anybody. it was a push forward for freedom of speech. there is no particular evidence, most investors have had very limited exposure to him. dave: it is early. >> advertisers and consumers. dave: we have to see how it plays out and there is a lot of potential for monetizing twitter a lot of people thought it was time for a change. to dorsey's credit there's time for a change.

and we not only work with stalins repressions, but also was their biggest part of new moral work in the human rights in modern the russia. and that's why it was, it was all this was hard topics for the russian government in church now in the, in, on all other fields or relation of human rights inside a freshman. and it was very stressful and tomorrow will be the 2nd case against the human rights center of new moral. and it probably also will be bound to work. and the sense thing is because they're putting in more than 20 years in power. and they're now preparing the next next history to the keep the power because they now they prepare until the transition of his power ought to keep him from one more president election. and then that's why the tricky down of all, in the huge, independent organizations that was puzzle and ray of memorials, board of directors there. and now, as the year draws to a close, we want to take a look at some of the lasting images of 2021. the united states withdrawal from afghanistan was as chaotic as it was. sudden, as international forces departed, thousands of

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulags prison camp system is not forgotten. vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war ii. the organization denied all allegation at once to appeal -- allegations and wants to appeal. >> as the year draws to a close, you want to take a look at some of the lasting images of 2021. the united states's withdraw from afghanistan was as chaotic as it was sudden as international forces departed, dozens of locals tried to leave. hundreds got onto the runway at kabul airport, desperate to get out. some clung to the body of the aircraft. many fell to their death after the plane took off. the u.s. took some that should they could have the right to leave. others gambled on the humanity of the soldiers. >> he says he understands those shocking scenes of desperate afghan parents passing their children to american soldiers at coble airport. marked for assassination by the islamic state due to his work on national conciliation, he was a

and came to prominence. prominence for researching the crimes committed during the regime of joseph stalin. to meet the f had worked for the renowned russian human rights organization memorial, which documents soviet area, era repression. in a separate case, the organization is facing closure for flouting russia. so cold foreign agent laws, a verdict is due on tuesday. russians have a saying about the unexpected. it blows like snow on to your head, but for historian arena shabba cova. the possibility that international memorial may be forced to close comes as no surprise. she helped found the n g o decades ago . but in 2016, the russian government found that the organization was a foreign agent. since it received contributions from abroad, it's come under increasing legal pressure ever since my hood not li, clanging to defy me. we are the keepers of the memories that the russian state would most like to forget. since it only wants to remember it's achievements and victories with the exquisite till this to rain, you had done daily that danny memorial is dedicated to coming to terms with wha

he finds the history of stalin as a weapon in the arms of his enemies. >> reporter: where does that leave the west today? what should the west understand about the lessons that putin has taken from the en of the cold war? >> if you move n.a.t.o., you know, and declare that this n.a.t.o. would be inland forever, you have a conflict. the only kind of tool he sees is moving troops along the russian border and trying to send this powerful signal to the west. >> reporter: ukrainian officials, today's u.s. government, western european and n.a.t.o. officials would say that it is today's russia that it is more aggressive by amassing the troops on ukraine's border and that it is putin's misinterpretation of history and, frankly, n.a.t.o.'s intentions today that has increased tensions? >> yes, and this is why putin became so interested in the history, tries to interpret history in his own way. so we all are in the battle of over the past, but i would say as his attorneys, let's continus continue to fight over the past rather than to fight on the ground, is what churchill or someone would famously s

he finds the history of stalin as a weapon in the arms of his enemies. >> reporter: where does that leave the west today? what should the west understand about the lessons that putin has taken from the end of the cold war? >> if you move n.a.t.o., you know, and declare that this n.a.t.o. would be inland forever, you have a conflict. the only kind of tool he sees is moving troops along the russian border and trying to send this powerful signal to the west. >> reporter: ukrainian officials, today's u.s. government, western european and n.a.t.o. officials would say that it is today's russia that it is more aggressive by amassing the troops on ukraine's border and that it is putin's misinterpretation of history and, frankly, n.a.t.o.'s intentions today that has increased tensions? >> yes, and this is why putin became so interested in the history, tries to interpret history in his own way. so we all are in the battle of over the past, but i would say as his attorneys, let's continus continue to fight over the past rather than to fight on the ground, is what churchill or someone would famously

you received me back and i think we're good wine, keith adolf hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathe. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and signs. in oregon, pro gun ad with kids are intimidating law may goes with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me loud oregon state senator jenny bird, dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting. and in order to do i did, and i, when i cancelled the town hall meeting, i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they stayed. they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. does that all

one to thank hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are waste of the oxygen i breathed. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake as a signs in oregon toll gun. edward kids are intimidating law may goes with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me now, oregon state senator jenny bird, dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting and then where did they do? i did at night when i cancelled the town hall meeting, i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they still, they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. was that all right? you are good. oh

when you look at the rhetoric out of the kremlin, they are talking about stalin and ivan the great. that is how he things of themselves and to be a great russian leader means to take territory. second, putin looks at the map of the world and he sees an opportunity. 2021 was a good year for him. gas prices are up. there is no one to stop him. he sees weakness everywhere and this is his chance to take ukraine if he wants to. hibatallah: let's put some of that back to victor in belgrade. putin has made no secret of the fact, hasn't he, that he has always seen this as a historical wrong that ukraine became an independent state back in 1991 with the collapse of the soviet union and that ukraine must be, in his mind, if not part of the russian state them part of russia's sphere of influence. a manufactured crisis has been entirely engineered by vladimir putin. what do you say to that? victor: putin may believe that, but we have seen that throughout the last two decades of his rule, russia has not been able to change the geopolitical calculus, the geopolitical balance of ukraine in its fav

you received me back and i think we're good from wine, keith, adolph, hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathed. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and signs. in oregon, pro gun ad with kids are intimidating. law may goes with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me loud oregon state senator jenny bird. dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting and then what day do i did at night when i cancelled the town hall meeting? i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they said they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. is that al

you received me and i think we're good press one to favor hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathe. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and signs. in oregon, pro gun ad with kids are intimidating law may goes with threatening e mails at video surveillance. joining me loud, oregon state senator jenny bird. dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting and in order to do i did at night when i cancelled the town hall meeting, i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they said they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. is that all right? you

i think we're good press one to favor hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathe. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and signs. in oregon toll gun add with kids are intimidating. law may goes with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me loud oregon state senator jenny bird. dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting and then what day do i did at night when i cancelled the town hall meeting? i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they stayed. they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. was that all ri

why keith, adolph, hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathe. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and signs. in oregon, pro gun ad with kids are intimidating law makers with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me loud, oregon state senator jenny burdick, you cancelled the town hall meeting. and in order to do i did a night when i cancelled the town hall meeting. i didn't want to say anything inflammatory, so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they stayed. they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. was that all right? you were good. oh, i didn't

i think we're good press one to thank hitler and stalin would be so proud of you. you guys are pathetic. you are a waste of the oxygen i breathe. it's just too bad that you, people were a star from the nipple, or maybe you guys would have all your brain cells. lynching is an extra judicial execution carried out by a mob often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake as a signs in oregon toll gun. edward kids are intimidating law may goes with threatening e mails and video surveillance. joining me loud oregon state senator jenny bird, dick, you cancelled the town hall meeting and then where did they do? i did at night when i cancelled the town hall meeting, i didn't want to say anything inflammatory. so i just said this standard scheduling conflict. well, they showed up at my house and they stayed. they stayed in front of my house for 2 and a half hours taping. everything i did and then they put it on the web. and their point was that i didn't in fact have a scheduling conflict. but they ran my address and they ran very threatening comments about it. was that al

when you look at the rhetoric coming out of the kremlin, they're talking about stalin in yvonne. the great that's how he thinks of himself and he end to be a great russian leader means to take, i take territory. second, i think good looks at the map of the world and he sees an opportunity. 2021 was a really good year for him. gas prices are up. there's no one to stop him. he sees weakness everywhere, and this is his chance to take you crazy. he wants to, let's, let's put, let's put some of that back to, to victor than in belgrade. i mean, puts in as might no secret of the fact hasn't a, that he's always seen on this as a historical wrong that ukraine became an independent states a back in 1991 with the, with the collapse of the, of the soviet union. and that ukraine must be in his mind if not part of the russian state and part of russians sphere of influence. and the end of this is mrs and manufactured crisis that has been entirely engineered by vladimir putin. what he say to that, well, fortune may believe that, but we have, he and that throughout the last 2 decades of his rule,

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the night . in the thirty's and forty's, you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 kind smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean he kind of in bullies, stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can actually we only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed because lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the p

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rolling the night in thirty's and forty's. you can see how small it is. i think 3 kind smaller than a regular so you can, i mean he can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can effectively only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row behind th

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the 19 thirty's and forty's. i mean, you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can effectively only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings, not only gave the jailers unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also we did a good win for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murder behind the field gates. there was a small basement where there was senten

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2. we was a moment, views of the organization, denied all allegations and wants to appeal it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. south african photographers, donnelly ma holly is known for betraying sexual freedom and black, queer culture. and museum here in berlin has dedicated an exhibition to the artists and activists. it's an insight into south africa, l g, b, t, q, community, and reflection on apartheid. proud, powerful. sometimes vulnerable, we're even royal. these are some of the faces of xin alamo, wholly whose work also confronts trauma. for almost 20 years, molly's been documenting south africa, l g b t q. community discrimination against sexual minorities has been illegal in south africa since 1996. but in day to day life, gays lesbian

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the thirty's and forty's. and you can see how small it is, i think 3 times smaller than a regular cell. you can, i mean, you can't even fully stretch out of your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. garza, lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well, then it becomes how on earth the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture. feet cross shape of the 2 main buildings not only gave the jail its unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were the most of its history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes, like multiple murders and rapes was probably the darkest part of the prison deat

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role. and in the thirty's and forty's, you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean he can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to, i days and weeks and a cell like this where he can effectively only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. garza lined down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in brushing. firstly because of its iconic architecture. feet cross shape of the 2 main buildings not only gave the jail its unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were a fist for most of its history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the darkest part of

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2. we was a moment of in use of the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal. it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. so why is vladimir putin kremlin so determined to have memorial closed down? the w put that question earlier to puzzle of underway of, from the organizations board of directors. hello dear yours and i think i need to say that it's so long history of repression against new moral as in speech and came to the power. and i think there is 3 main reasons. the 1st one is that lead, there's no lifestyle legend or prison and he's close friends. he's the former. thank you, officer and all the many people around around him and who has now the biggest power in russia. they are former gauge, the officers and for damage, and the m

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the thirty's and forty's. and you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean he can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings, not only gave the jailer unofficial name but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison. at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility yet. and the soviet times there was also we did a getting wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row behind the fi

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rolling the night in thirty's and forty's. you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 kind smaller than a regular so you can kind of been fully stretched out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row. behi

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the 19 thirty's and forty's. i mean, you can see how small it is, i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean, you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can effectively only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailers unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also we did a good win for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row behind

well, this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins roll in the night. thirty's and forty's. you can see how small it is. i think 3 kind smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its connie architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison at a hi one. cctv cameras were the system for most of its history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the darkest part of the priso

so lenin peers out from his library, the man of the people in command while stalin appears his wartime leader, receiving the thanks of a grateful nation. the space race is a key theme here. yury corridor of draws together cosmo knots from every part of the then communist world. but lowell nesbit lift often splashed down fly the flag for the democratic world for the exhibitions, q racer. this is an example of what distinguishes the art of the u. s. s. r from the usa of u. s. always tends to pick pictures. for example, the pop art is painting things they found on footages like comics or photograph. and i have the impression the us are to watch more close to the motive to the things they really want to pay. too many western eyes pop art has long been considered cool. lead to buy andy wall holes answers to abstract expressionism from painting popstars to collect and cans of soup on canvas . while he liked eating for lunch back then, now the rest of the world consumes in art form during the cold war, some behind the iron curtain considered this propaganda. while in the west, much the same w

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rule in the night in the thirty's and forty's. and you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean he can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can of actor, we only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when ccc cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility yet. and the soviet times there was also we did a good win for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison d

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputation of nazi collaborators in world war 2 was a moment of use of the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal. it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. well, for more on this, let's bring in. tatiana close cover. she's a lawyer for memorial international enjoy. the joins is now from moscow. welcome to d. w. tatyana. you were one of the lawyers representing memorial during the proceedings. why is the russian state so determined to have your organisation close down while the domain of the russian civil society has the space of the russian civil society has been shrinking for a decayed by now and but the yield 2021 has become the worst, yeah, and the situations has rated dramatically if someone has, while in the sleep a year ago and worked nap today, they would not recognize t

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten . when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2. wasn't a member of the organisation denied all allegations and wants to appeal its representatives, say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. so why is, why don't we important kremlin so determined to have more close down? did you put that question earlier to puzzle and degree of from the organizations board of directors? and i think i would need to say that it's a long history of oppression against the anymore l as in speech and came to the power. and i think there is 3 main reasons. the 1st one is that lead, there's no lifestyle fledging or put in and he's close friends. he's the former caging officer and all the many people around around him and the who has now the biggest power international day, a former occasion, officers and for damage morrow always was the e

tree it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2 was a moment been using. the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal. it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights at spring and felix light, a journalist in moscow, russia. felix, welcome. tell us more about why the supreme court shut down this human rights group . rebecca, as with so much in russia's sort of legal system, this really is a sort of a story in 2 hobbs. on the one hand, we have the sort of the official justification for this lawsuit. for this shuttering of memorial, which is breaking rush is very controversial, foreign agent, los memorial has been a foreign agent for some years, and it is allegedly refused to market some of its sort of products on its literature as such. but i think allies at memorial stress that this is

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rolling in the thirty's and forty's. i mean, you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can actually only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture. we cross shape of the 2 main buildings, not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when ccc cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility yet. and the soviet times there was also we did a getting when for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row behind

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the thirty's and forty's. and you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 kind smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean, you can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can actually we only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. garza lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then, and becomes how on earth the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly because of its iconic architecture. feet cross shape of the 2 main buildings not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were a fist for most of its history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet and a soviet times. there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the darkest part of the pris

when you look at the rhetoric coming out of the kremlin, they're talking about stalin, yvonne, the great, that's how he thinks of himself and he end to be a great russian leader means to take take territory. second, i think good looks at the map of the world and he sees an opportunity 2021 was a really good year for him. gas prices are up. there is no one to stop him. he sees weakness everywhere. and this is this chance to take you crazy wants to, let's, let's put, let's put some of that back to, to victor. then in belgrade, i mean, puts in as might no secret of the fact hasn't a, that he's always seen on this as a historical wrong that the ukraine became an independent states a back in 1991 with the, with the collapse of the, of the soviet union, and that's ukraine must be in his mind if not part of the russian state and part of russians sphere of influence. and the end of this is, this is and manufactured crisis that has been entirely engineered by vladimir putin . what he say to that, well, fortune may believe that, but we have seen that throughout the last 2 decades of his rule. russ

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the thirty's and forty's. i mean, you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular cell. you can. i mean, he can't even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks in a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailers unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility yet. and the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death row be

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's role in the night . the thirty's and forty's, you can see how small it is. i think 3 kind smaller than a regular so you can kind of been bullied, stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can of actor. we only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the dark part of the prison death row behind t

it aims to make sure that the reign of terror in the soviet union under joseph stalin and the inhumanity of the gulag prison camp system are not forgotten. when earlier this month, russian president vladimir putin accused memorial of rehabilitating the reputations of nazi collaborators in world war 2 was a moment. views of the organization denied all allegations and wants to appeal it's representatives say they may take the case to the european court of human rights. and now, as the year draws to a close, we want to take a look at some of the lasting images of 2021. the united states is withdrawal from afghanistan was as chaotic as it was. sudden, as international forces departed to thousands of locals tried to leave 2 hundreds got onto the runway at capital airport. desperate to get out. such was their desperation. that is one u. s. military plane taxied down the runway some clung to the body of the aircraft . many fell to their death after the plane took off. the u. s. did take some who could show they had the right to leave. others gambled on the humanity of the soldiers at the airpor

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rolling the night in the thirty's and forty's. you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 kind smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and i feel like this where it can affect that we only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its connie architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer on official name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the dark part of the prison death

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rule in the night. in the thirty's and forty's, you can see how small it is. i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where he can effectively only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. garza, lying down during the daytime is forbidden, well then, and becomes how on earth the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture. the cross shape of the 2 main buildings not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were a fist for most of its history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes, like multiple murders and rapes was probably the darkest part of the pr

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rule. the night in the thirty's and forty's, and you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 kind smaller than a regular so you can, you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also a dedicated wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the darkest part of the prison

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalin's rule in the night. thirty's and forty's . and you can see how small it is. i think 3 kinds smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can effectively only stand for sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility yet. and the soviet times, there was also we did a getting wind for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes, which is probably the dark part of the prison death

this is one of the solitary confinement cells that were widely used during stalins rolling in thirty's and forty's. i mean, you can see how small it is. it is, i think 3 times smaller than a regular. so you can, i mean, you can even fully stretch out your arms while inside. you have to spend days and weeks and a cell like this where it can actually we only stand or sit on the edge of a small metal bed. lying down during the daytime is forbidden. well then it becomes how on earth in the prison was billed at the end of the 19th century as the most advanced facility of its kind in russia. firstly, because of its iconic architecture, we cross shape of the 2 main buildings. not only gave the jailer unofficial name, but also made it easy for guards to monitor and access every corner of that prison . at a time when cctv cameras were mostly with history, the prison served as a pre detention facility. yet in the soviet times, there was also we did a good win for those found guilty of the most violent crimes like multiple murders and rapes. this is probably the dark part of the prison death row

joseph stalin took over for almost 3 decades that contributed to its status as a world power. but by the time mikhail gorbachev became communist party leader in 1985, the economy was weak. it led to industrial strikes and military tanks, taking over red square to challenge his rule. a crew was attempted, but president boris yeltsin lead a successful campaign against it's $991.00. gorbachev resigned and the red flag was lowered over the kremlin as a russian flag was raised. samuel romani is a tutor and specialist on russian foreign policy at university of oxford. he says gorbachev's reforms were the most far reaching and many have been reversed. since putin overshoot legacy initially all to the jet transition towards an attempted democracy, the transition doors of free market privatization, the easing of cold war tensions was followed by an improvement of us russia relations intermittently over the next 15 years. but now under vladimir hooton's leadership, we've seen the exact reverse luciana, torturing consolidation. we've seen di stayed on companies taking over private enterp