are manipulated that's not just the handcuffs it's how the handcuffs are being held how they're being pushed where they're being pushed that it totally interfere with central features of how we bleed so mr floyd as pancake between the pavement and the feminine force on top of precisely now could you help us to explain how this mechanism the handcuffs and the st how does that explain the shallow breathing that you describe so this gets back to how we breed and this is fairly simple so the way we breathe we have 2 big muscles that help as with the we have the diaphragm and we have the rib cage muscles. the diaphragm can does about 70 percent of what we need for breathing and about 30 percent of it comes from the rib cage and there is when the dive from country x. are the rib cage contract they expand the chest and when you expand the chest then air flows in from outside and it's coming in and that's our that happens on inspiration but to expand the chest there's 2 crucial actions that have to happen and we refer to these by the terms pump handle and bucket handle so if bucket handle is

but the handcuffs on their own, just handcuffs per se are not that important. it must be the handcuffs combined with the street. and it's because of the position of the handcuffs at the back and how he is manipulated with the handcuffs by both officer shot shawmut and by officer kueng, have a manipulate the handcuffs, and they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high. then on the other side you have the street. so the street is playing a crucial part because he is against a hard asphalt street. so the way they are pushing down on his handcuffs, combined with the street, his left side, and it is particularly the left side we see that, it's like the left side is in advice. it is totally being pushed in, squeezed in from each side, from the street at the bottom and then from the way that the handcuffs are manipulated. it's not just the handcuffs. it's how the handcuffs are being held, how they're a being pushed, where they are being pushed that totally interfere with essential features of how we breathe. >> so mr. floyd then is pancaked between

yes, i took off the handcuffs. _ off the handcuffs? yes, i took off the handcuffs. how— off the handcuffs? yes, i took off the handcuffs. how are _ off the handcuffs? yes, i took off the handcuffs. how are you - off the handcuffs? yes, i took off the handcuffs. how are you able | off the handcuffs? yes, i took off. the handcuffs. how are you able to do that as a _ the handcuffs. how are you able to do that as a paramedic? _ the handcuffs. how are you able to do that as a paramedic? i - the handcuffs. how are you able to do that as a paramedic? i have - the handcuffs. how are you able to do that as a paramedic? i have a l do that as a paramedic? i have a air of do that as a paramedic? i have a pair of handcuffs _ do that as a paramedic? i have a pair of handcuffs keys. _ do that as a paramedic? i have a pair of handcuffs keys. in - do that as a paramedic? i have a pair of handcuffs keys. in the - do that as a paramedic? i have a| pair of handcuffs keys. in the line of your— pair of handcuffs keys. in the line of your work, you are able to take handcuffs — of yo

the handcuffs on their own, handcuffs per se are not that important. it must be the handcuffs combined the street and it's because of the position of the handcuffs at the back and how he's manipulated with the handcuffs by both officer chauvin and by officer kueng, they manipulate the handcuffs and they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and putting them high. then on the other side you have this street. so the street is playing a crucial part because he's against hard asphalt street. so the way they're pushing down on these handcuffs combined with the street is less left-sided it's particularly the left sideyou see that. it's like the left side is in a vice . totally being pushed in, squeezed in from each side from the street, at the bottom and then from the way that the handcuffs are manipulated not just the handcuffs, is how the handcuffs are being held, how they're being pushed. where there being pushed. that and totally interferes with essential features of how we breathe. >> so mister floyd and is handcuffed between the pavement and forth on

but the handcuffs on their own just handcuffs per se are not that important, it must be the handcuffs combined with the str. it's because of the positioning of the handcuffs at the back, then how he is manipulated with the handcuffs by both officer chauvin and by officer king, how they manipulate the handcuffs. and they are pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high. then on the other side, you have the street. so the street is playing a crucial part, because he is against the hard asphalt street. so the way they're pushing down on his handcuffs combined with the street, his left side -- it's particularly the left side we see that. it's like the left side is in a vice. it's totally being pushed in, squeezed in from the street at the bottom and then from the way that the handcuffs are manipulated. it's not just the handcuffs. it's how the handcuffs are being held, how they're being pushed, where they're being pushed that totally interfere with central features of how we breathe. >> mr. floyd then is pancaked between the pavement underneath him and force on top of him? >>

but the handcuffs on their own just handcuffs per se are not that important. it must be the handcuffs combined with the street. and it's because of the positioning of the handcuffs at the back, then how he is manipulated with the handcuffs by both oufficer shoef chauvin they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high. then on the other side, you have the street. so the street is playing a crucial part because he's against the hard asphalt street. so the way they're pushing down on these handcuffs combined with the street, his left side, and it's particularly the left side we see that. it's like the left side is in a vice. it's totally being pushed in, squeezed in from each side from the street, at the bottom, and then from the way that the handcuffs are manipulated. it's not just the handcuffs. it's how the handcuffs are being held, how they're being pushed, where they're being pushed that totally interfere with central features of how we breathe. >> so mr. floyd then is pancaked between the pavement under him and then force on top of him? >>

isolate that arm, present the risk for cuffing and handcuff. a lot of times when you are doing the cuffing, you do that with a partner. it makes it easier to control a person. >> if someone is handcuffed and they are using their knee or back on their shoulder to gain control, do you leave it there for an extended period of time? >> it depends on the circumstance. you can leave it there for a longer period of time depending on the resistance you get. >> what would signal to you as a trainer when you are supposed to release your knee? >> when the situation is deescalated. >> once you accomplish the handcuff, is that the appropriate time to release your leg? >> not necessarily. people handcuffed in thrown position can thrash around and writhe around and can kick. >> if the subject is resisting, the mere possibility of potential that a subject could resist like that, kicking, is that justification to leaving your leg in place? >> no, sir. >> once the subject is handcuffed and compliant or not resisting, is the officer to remove their -- >> that wou

handcuffs by both the officer sharpen and by officer king how they manipulate the handcuffs and they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high then on the other side you have the street so the street is playing a crucial part because he's against the hard ass faults 3 so the way they're pushing down on his handcuffs combined with the street his left side and that's particularly the left side we see that it's like the left side is in a vise it's totally being pushed in squeezed in from each side they do is from southern africa have promised a proportional response to groups in mozambique they raided a northern town killing dozens of people the meeting of the capital muppets a they does didn't specify what support they would offer up. south korea says iran has freed one of its oil tankers and the captain around seized the south korean flag ship in january after accusing the crew of oil for those. those headlines i'll have another update for you here on al-jazeera right after witness which is up next we'll see it in. the 1st major legislation for president joe biden is g

nelson: a gun and handcuffs as an old-school cop. >> yes. nelson: in terms of the decision-making of a police officer, would you agree there certain pieces of information that officer has that affects his or her decisions on the use of force? >> yes. nelson: some of that information is immediate low-level information. agreed? >> yes. nelson: for example with this particular suspect. is the suspect under the influence of a controlled substance or so one - - sober? >> yes. nelson: what you looking at in that moment to your own eyes. that is the officers experience in any situation. >> right. nelson: other hazards or threats in the immediate vicinity. >> yes. nelson: you will assess are there people watching, videotaping, happy or angry et cetera. >> yes. nelson: you well look at what we would refer to as seen security. >> yes. nelson: you have a responsibility for your partners who may be close to you. >> yes. nelson: you have a responsibility as a police officer for all the people in the immediate area. >> yes. nelson: seen security is trying

they didn't double up the handcuffs. the handcuffs are on a ratchet. the purpose of double locking is to keep that from moving because if it tightens, that causes pain and injury. and that's what that movement of the handcuffs by the officers yesterday, that's exactly what they were doing yesterday. so it's compelling testimony. i think it's very consistent with what we heard yesterday. >> laura, on the images that people in the courtroom saw, the jury, the judge had them hand out packets of these autopsy photos. not publishing them so the public us, that we could see. which is inconsistent. which is different from every other piece of evidence, every other exhibit in the case so far. what do you think of that? >> well, frankly, seeing an autopsy photo for people who are even seasoned prosecutors or police officers is very difficult to see an actual dead body. the images are seared in your brain, particularly because the way the body con torts or how rigor mortis can set in is extremely difficult for the average person to witness. so probably out of re

and then now that same suspect, while in a handcuff, pulls away from me and they swing at me. so that's active aggression. and all those cues are allowing me to escalate up the ladder of force options i have available to me. >> now in terms of your experience in various jurisdictions, do use of force policies differ from city to city, state to state? >> they differ slightly, usually deadly force policies are fairly consistent. some agencies have more liberal use of force policies than others. some agencies now are starting to adopt policies that you can't shoot at a moving vehicle if the only weapon is a vehicle itself. so there is a little bit of a learning curve there for agencies. >> so, in terms of your, again, analysis, the first prong being whether there was a justification for the detention, the second prong being the level of resistance exhibited by the suspect, correct? >> yes. >> and what's the third prong? >> what the officer did to overcome that resistance. so, if somebody pulls away from you and they're actively resisting, does the officer pull out their baton and

>> no. >> you were asked about handcuffs, if handcuffs are not properly locked, can they tighten? >> yes. >> can they loosen? >> i am sorry? >> if they are properly connected, can they loosen? they can come open. but if they are locked, can they still tighten? >> that's right. >> i think the term is if they are not double locked. >> yes. >> based on your review of the body cams did you see any need for officer chauvin is improvise putting his knee on the neck of mr. floyd for 9 minutes 29 seconds? >> no, i did not. >> i have no further questions. >> you may step down. >>> and back with us now is shaq brewster and washington post columnist eugene robinson. let me ask about the defense counsel trying to impugn the witness's experience? >> i think it is a mixed bag with this witness. derek chauvin went too far. each of these witnesses are a double edge scored. i think the defense can score a lot of points with them. they say, look, the book says -- >> that's going to do it for today. >> when he was asking questions about him being an investigator, working a desk, but then the cross-e

>> the level of resistance is commence rent, if a suspect is resisting your efforts to handcuff them and they spin away and try to punch you, the officer doesn't have to go fist on fist with them and the officer can escalate and use an impact weapon like pepper spray, taser or other tools. >> and then the analysis of gram versus connor, is there more analysis? >> as you are reviewing an incident such as this, you have to review it through the eyes of the officer on the scene, what was the suspect doing? what were the circumstances? what were onlookers doing? were there environmental hazards and try to put yourself in the officer's shoes to see if the decisions they made, were they objectively reasonable or not. >> you would agree with the other people that testified in this case, there was objectionable reasonable -- >> there was a view from a reasonable police officer on the scene? >> yes. >> what about hindsight? >> it's easy to sit and judge in an office on an officer's conduct, and it's more of a challenge, again, to put yourself in the officer's shoes and try to make an evaluati

if you carried a gun in some handcuffs. old school coffee right. now in terms of the decision making. the decision making of a police officer. would you agree that there are certain pieces of information that that officer has that effect his or her decisions on the use of force. and some of those some of that information is very immediate kind of low level information agreed. so for example what just happened with this particular suspect right. is this suspect under the influence of a controlled substance or is he so are you as. what are you looking at in that moment through your own eyes you know that's the officers experience in any situation. you look at other things that may be hazards or threats in the immediate vicinity correct yes so you're going to assess are there people watching are there people videotaping are those people happy or angry at such or yes. you're going to look at. what we would refer to as security. you have a responsibility as a police officer for your partners who may be close to you yes you have a responsibility as a pol

you have four officers on the scene and you have one person prone position in handcuffs. i mean, you know, listen, he's doing the best he can with what he has to work with, talking about the defense, but he's got a huge hurdle to overcome and that video is pretty powerful and he's trying to set up the notion that it was the drugs that killed him and not the use of force that killed him and ultimately i think that's where he's going to put most of his eggs in that particular basket when all is said and done because i think the use of force issue is a losing battle in terms of trying to convince a jury that that was appropriate. >> laura, we talked about this with previous witnesses and again today, the prosecution, number one, anticipates the defense's argument and now we have been through a week plus of testimony and he's saying put yourself in the officer's shoes, and there was a struggle beforehand and the crowd was unruly, and he said you watched the videos and you see the people, yes, there are bystanders and some of them are yelling and should it have impacted the si

king how they manipulate the handcuffs and they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high then on the other side you have the street so the street is playing a crucial part because he's against the hard ass faults 3 so the way they're pushing down on his handcuffs combined with the street his left side and it's particularly the left side we see that it's like the left side is in a vise it's totally being pushed in squeeze the from each side dr would also explain just how difficult it would have been destroyed to breathe while he was being restrained like that. when you have to breathe through such a narrow passageway it's like. breathing through a drinking straw but it's much worse than that because breathing through it thinking straw i mean is somewhat unpleasant but not that i'm pleasant and that it gets much worse than that. so as the space narrows is it more difficult then to breathe through enormously more difficult and we know that from physics. let's go live now to minneapolis alan fisher has been watching this morning's proceedings allan what do you make of it

that video to me is very, very important. >> harris: even though he's in handcuffs? i'm just asking because if the prosecution gets a rebuttal, kayleigh, i think they're going to bring that up, right? is huge, you're trying to get them into something where you have to get him into it but he still in handcuffs. i'm curious to know what you think about that and the when te defense begins in about seven and a half minutes. >> kayleigh: that's a key point is that handcuffs, when they said he was not engaging in resistance but compliant, they kept nailing that point home, they got to the moment where they were going to put george floyd in the car and they said, this is the moment where he said "i don't want to get in the car" and they talked about him having claustrophobia, him being petrified of getting in the car and they play that audio where he said "please give me three seconds" and you can honestly see someone not really trying to resist there but literally in trepidation. the defense is going to focus on that moment and say it was a moment of resistance what you're

eldridge: you didn't see the very moment he was handcuffed but you saw the handcuffs. >> yes ma'am. eldridge: you were looking around you but not focus the entire time on what the exact moment of handcuffs. >> no. eldridge: so he was handcuffed and then you say they want him across the street katie show on the map what you saw happen next? >> on the right-hand side. >> there is a little small restaurant on the right-hand side behind the truck looking for that. i cannot see it. eldridge: the dragon wok restaurant? is that the officer. >> and said he was in handcuffs. >> he was walking up the sidewalk with them. >> he said something but whatever he said they let him sat down. eldridge: did you watch the interaction? >> yes ma'am. eldridge: we are you? >> i was still standing there. eldridge: you're in the cup foods side days set him down can you hear what is going on with the conversation? >> no ma'am. eldridge: that you are watching what was going on. >> yes ma'am. eldridge: did they move again after that? >> yes ma'am. they had him off the sidewalk. eldridge: after he got up off the

of him continued to push him down to grind his knees to twist his hand to twist his fingers into the handcuffs that bound him looking at him staring staring down at times the horrified bystanders who had gathered and watched this unfold. the motto of the minneapolis police department is to protect with courage and to serve with compassion george would was not a threat to anyone he wasn't trying to hurt anyone he wasn't trying to do anything to anyone facing george floyd that day that did not require one else of courage and none was shown on that day no courage was required all that was required was a little compassion and none was shown on that day. george floyd said i'm not trying to win this was a call about a counterfeit $20.00 bill. all that was required was compassion humans need that people need that. but more fundamental than that and more practical at that time and that place would george floyd needed was some oxygen that's what he'd. need to read because people need that humans need that. to breathe and he said that and the defendant heard him say over and over he heard him but he jus

he was in handcuffs at the time. i went up and -- sorry. >> when you approached, you said he was in handcuffs. as you approached him to inspect further, were the officers still on top of him >> the officers were still on him when i approached. >> and what did you do when you approached? >> i was assessing the scene and running through what care needed to be meted. >> did you take some initial steps, like checking for a pulse? >> i checked for a pulse. >> and did you also check the individual, mr. floyd's pupils? >> i did. >> and what did you determine at that point? >> they were large, dilated. >> so you determined that his p pupils were large, dilated. what about a pulse? >> i did not palpate a pulse. >> you didn't feel or detect a pulse? >> did not detect a pulse. >> and what did his condition appear to be to you, overall? >> in lay terms, i thought he was dead. >> so, what did you do next? >> i kind of looked for my partner and told him, i think he's dead, and i want to move this higher. >> okay. >> and i will beg

indicates pressure against handcuffs. again, on the outer edge, you can see there's a little bit where it's darker and white skin. that's an area where the skin has actually been scraped by the handcuffs. also on this photograph, you can see on the knuckles of his index finger and middle finger, there's some skin that is scraped off. that's consistent with what you can see on the video where he is pushing against -- i think it's the rim of the car tire or something to try and push his body into a position, again, where he can breathe. >> thank you, dr. thomas. your honor, the jurors may put the photographs away, if they would like. >> we will collect those photographs. they are for your use during this time. we will ask the spectators also to return the exhibits. counsel can keep theirs. >> thank you, your honor. dr. thomas, having looked at this physical evidence from the autopsy, was that evidence in of and by itself conclusive? >> no. there are multiple ways that scrapes and bruises can happen. it's only useful in the

officers are trained that if cpr is needed to remove handcuffs first -- right? >> yes. >> and to use caution because the suspect may revive agitated and ready to fight. >> correct. >> you have had that training, too? >> yes. >> you have had that experience where someone was rendered unconscious, revived and fights you more? >> they passed out and then came to, yes. >> and then they fought you more? >> yes. >> looking at what is already in evidence, the 2019 use of force manual. at slide 41 this is what we are talking about in terms of prone arm control? >> yes. >> you see an officer's knee across the shoulder blades, the head and neck area of the person. >> as he is attempting to handcuff a person. >> your honor, not an objection, but could you -- >> i have a listed as 1031. >> that's the 2019 -- >> 2019 use of force. >> i am referring to bates stamp -- >> sorry, could we take a brief pause? >> once we take this break, david henderson, i wanted to follow up on something earlier. we were talking about implications and racial overtones. almost immediately he asked

>> no. >> you were asked about handcuffs. if handcuffs are not probably locked, can they tighten? >> yes. >> can they loosen? >> i'm sorry? >> if they're properly connected can they loosen? >> uh-huh. >> and then come open? but if they're locked, can they still tighten? >> that's right. >> if they're not -- i think the term is double locked. >> right, yes. >> based on your review of the body cams did you see any need for officer chauvin to improvise by putting his knee on mr. floyd for nine minutes and 29 seconds? >> no, i did not. >> i have nothing further, your honor. >> any recross? >> no, your honor. >> thank you, lieutenant, you may step down. counsel side bar? >>> lieutenant richard zimmerman leaving the stand in the trial of derek chauvin, this is day five of testimony, day 17 of the trial overall, a particularly damning and compelling testimony from lieutenant zimmerman, the senior most officer on the minneapolis police department. let's bring in our legal analysts watching this trial. laura coates, a former federal prosecutor and charles ramsey, the commissioner in philad

so, if a suspect is resisting your efforts to handcuff them, and they spin away and try to punch you, an officer doesn't have to go fist on fist with them. the officer's allowed to escalate to use an impact weapon, taser, pepper spray, or other tools. >> now, in terms of, again, the analysis of graham v. connor, are there other factors or components of that analysis that are relevant? >> yes. >> can you explain some of those? >> so, as you're reviewing an incident such as this, you have to try to see it through the eyes of the officers on the scene. you know, what factors were they dealing with? what circumstances? what was the suspect doing? what were onlookers doing? were there environmental hazards? and then try to put yourself in the officer's shoes to see what they -- the decisions they made, were they objectively reasonable or not? >> so you would agree with the other people who have testified in this case that the standard involves objective reasonableness, agreed? >> yes, i do. >> based on the totality of facts and circumstances of this case. >> that were present to the office

gupta, i want to get your analysis on the other side. >> it's not just the handcuffs, it's how the handcuffs are being held, how they're being pushed, where they're being pushed, that totally interfere with central features of how we breathe. >> so mr. floyd then is pancaked between the pavement underneath him and force on top of him? >> precisely. you see his knuckle against the tire. to most people, this doesn't look terribly significant but to a physiologist, this is extraordinarily significant. because this tells you that he has used up his resources and he's now literally trying to breathe with his fingers and knuckles. the toe of his boot is no longer touching the ground. this means that all of his body weight is being directed down at mr. floyd's neck. we're taking half his body weight plus the weight of his -- half the gear and all of that is coming directly down on mr. floyd's neck. we see here that he reaches a level of zero of oxygen at 20:25:41. so at that point there's not an ounce of oxygen left in his entire body at 20:25:41. >> so was the knee then lifted off of his neck at t

the handcuffs and they pushed the handcuffs into his back and push them behind. then on the other side you have the street so the street played a crucial part because he against hard asphalt street so the way they push down on the handcuffs combined with the street, his left side we see that, it's like the left side totally being pushed and f squeezed in from each side from the street at the bottom and then the way handcuffs are many related. it's not just the handcuffs, it's how the handcuffs are being held and pushed, where they are being pushed that totally interferes with features how we breathe. >> mr. floyd is pancake to between the pavement and forced on top of him. >> precisely. >> could you help us explain how this mechanism, handcuffs and the street, how does that explain shallow breathing you're describing? >> is get back to how we breathe and it's fairly simple. the way we breathe, we have two big muscles that help us with breathing. we have the diaphragm and the rib cage muscles. the c diaphragm is 72% of what e need for breathing and 30% from the ri

nelson: putting a suspect in handcuffs is that automatically an arrest? >> no. >> it could be a detention. nelson: to make sure i understand your testimony the first prong of your analysis is to determine if the officer has justification to detain somebody. what is the second part? >> how does the suspect respond to the officer? if it's the arrest situation turnaround put your hands behind your head if they complyur that's it if the suspect is not comply and begins to resist than a look at what level of resistance does the suspect display to the officer and what does the officer do to overcome that resistance. nelson: let's talk on the second prong on the different types of resistance a suspect could use. can you describe the levels of resistance. >> no resistance would be compliance that is always the goal. the next level is passive resistance you tell the suspect turnaround put their hand behind their-- back and they don't. they are not resisting just physically noncompliant without any type of physical strength or any type of maneuver to prevent you fr

floyd was in handcuffs. in fact, he wasn't just in handcuffs. he was handcuffed behind his back. and he wasn't just on the ground in handcuffs behind his back. he was unconscious. if you're in handcuffs on the ground behind your back and you're unconscious, and officer chauvin is still applying force to your neck with his knee, that's unreasonable. you don't need anyone to tell you that. you saw that. the state needed that little piece from this officer. it got it. everything else was noise. >> and the question that they kept going back and forth to make sure the jury understood was along the lines of this one, which i wrote down the last time they came up. if the suspect is no longer resisting, he tried to add, or no longer breathing, is there any need for force? and sergeant david pleoger, who was the police supervisor, was derek chauvin's boss, said no. channa? >> what was really significant as well about this particular witness is oftentimes when we're talking about use of force and law enforcement, people typically think about the continuum of force as escalating. what they

the handcuffs by both the officer sharpen and by officer king how they manipulate the handcuffs and they're pushing the handcuffs into his back and pushing them high then on the other side you have the street so the street is playing a crucial part because he's against a hard ass false 3 so the way they're pushing down on his handcuffs combined with the street his left side and it's particularly the left side we see that it's like the left side is in a vise it's totally being pushed in squeezed in from each side. zeros correspondent john hendren joins us live from minneapolis john hi there what else did the experts testify today have to say. well peter it was day 9 in the murder trial of derek chauvin and it was a red letter day for the prosecution largely because of the man that you see there dr martin tobin he is apparently the guy who wrote what the lancet magazine calls the bible of breathing he's a pulmonologist and he's very well known here in the united states and he was equivocal that the cause of death for george floyd was derek show cutting off the air pipe of george floyd and he

tightening of handcuffs? >> yes. it's a little button you used to push to either keep them from coming and undergoing in. >> there's several different positions that an author can be when they're handcuffing the suspect, is that right? >> i'm sorry? >> the officer can be in many different positions relative to the subject we are handcuffing? >> absolutely. very dynamic, yes or. >> standing, prone? >> yes or. >> i would like you to please describe to the jury what techniques are used to prone handcuffed the subject. >> with pro-handcuffing want to make sure we isolate. a lot of time which each the officers to use the need to control their shoulder. generally you put one need on each side of the arm to one of the upper shoulder, middle of the back, excuse me, and then isolate that arm, present the rest for cuffing and then handcuff. a lot of times when you doing the prone cuffing you do that with a partner preferably. makes a lot easier to control a person. >> if someone is handcuffed and you are using your kne

and then handcuff. a lot of times when you're doing the prone cuffing, you'll do that with a partner, preferably. makes it a lot easier to control a person. >> and if someone is handcuffed and you're using your knee on their back, or shoulder to gain control, do you leave it there for an extended period of time? >> depends on the circumstance. you can leave it there for a longer period of time depending on the resistance you get. >> what would signal to you, as a trainer, when you're supposed to release your knee? >> when their behavior deescalates, their resistance. >> relative to the handcuffing. >> that's correct, yes, compliance. >> so once you've accomplished the handcuffing, once the subject has actually been handcuffed, is that the appropriate time to release your leg? >> not necessarily. >> why? >> when people are handcuffed in the prone position they can thrash around, writhe around, they present a little bit of a threat, kick, bite, some other things. control doesn't end with handcuffing alway

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floyd restrained by handcuffs. again, this is a rebuttal to what we saw earlier, the notion that that undercut intense and prolonged use of force. here there was an effort to context churlize it. take a look. >> i felt that derek chauvin was justified with acting with objective reasonableness following minneapolis police department policy and current standards of law enforcement in his interactions with mr. floyd. >> i'm talking to my control. i'm looking for the handcuff excerpt. let's see if we have that. i'll just read a little bit of it, mark. part of what i'm looking at again, i want to make sure i get this precise because it matters, the notion that the jury was basically told i have been told when you have drug influenced persons, they stay handcuffed until they are taken to a medical facility. your response? >> that was something that's been covered early on. also, a couple other principles that are very relevant in as far as the use of the handcuffs or any other potentially even non-fatale weapons. and tha

you're asked about handcuffs if handcuffs are not properly locked can they tighten. can they've loosened. us or if they're properly. connected can they loose. then come open. but if they're locked can they still tell you the truth if they're not i think the terms double row. based on your review of the body cams did you see any need for officer showmen to improvise by putting his new mr forward for 9 minutes and 29 seconds no i don't know. anything for. him is that done. over. so there ends i would say the most damning testimony so far all of these 5 days of the derek sherman trial well 4 and a half days let's say at this point lieutenant richard zimmerman a 30 year veteran of the minneapolis police force well known in the city well respected. who and i've said this earlier said that line if your knee is on a person's neck it can kill them when he came back from the break he went on to say that the force used by derek 7 was totally and this is specifically about their each other not just about the idea of a knee on the neck that it was totally unnecessary and uncalle

this skin has been scraped by the handcuffs. also, on this photograph, you can see on the knuckles of his index finger and middle finger, there's some skin that is scraped off, and that is consistent with what you can see on the video where he is pushing against -- i think it's the rim of the car tire or something, to try to push his body into a position, again, where he can breathe. >> thank you, dr. thomas. the jurors may put the photographs away again. >> members of the jury, we are going to collect the exhibits. they're just for your use during this time. >> ask the spectators to return the exhibits. >> host: so, dr. thomas, having looked at this physical evidence from the autopsy, was there evidence in, of, and by itself conclusive. >> no. there are multiple ways that scrapes and bruises can happen. it's only useful in the context of what is seen in the video. >> was there any evidence to suggest that mr. floyd was suffering from a potentially fatal condition on the evening of may 25, 2020. >> no. >> do you have an opinion

you know you maybe have to use your mace or handcuffs that kind of thing. and finally the top. level on the continuum is deadly force. and so those levels change. you know however and what for what reasons might that change you know well if you're. so you arrive at a scene and somebody is pointing a gun at you or shooting at you of course you go to the top level you know. and that's how they may change so it's relative to the threat yes. and. other different kinds of force and officers can use you know. and. have you ever in all the years you've been working for the minneapolis police department. been trained to kneel on the neck of someone who is handcuffed behind their back proposition no i haven't. is that if that were done would that be considered force absolutely what level of force might that be. that would be the top tier the deadly force why because of. the fact that. if you need is on a person's neck that can kill them. and in your training with them with the minneapolis police department. or the years have you received training on restraining people yes you couldn't u

>> yes. >> including use of handcuffs? >> yes. >> when you're handcuffing somebody, when you handcuffed them, what is your responsibility as an officer to that person? >> well, can i give you an example? >> well, let me ask you this again, if you, as an officer, according to training, you handcuffed somebody behind their back, what is your responsibility in regard to that person from that moment on? >> that person is yours, your responsibility. his safety is your responsibility. his well-being and is your responsibility. >> once you handcuffed somebody, does that affect the amount of force you should consider using? >> absolutely. >> how so? >> a person is threat level goes down all the way, how can they hurt you? >> the could be certain circumstances, a cuffed person can still be combative. >> absolutely for getting injured is a way down. >> what you mean by that? >> you could have some guy tried to kick you or something but you can move out of the way, that person is handcuffed, you know? the threat level is just not the

i was -- >> manipulation of handcuffs. >> exactly, chief. it is really saddening that knuckle on the tire, i can't get that image out of my head, laura. >> no. i mean, i -- i actually had to pause and rewind for a second. i thought did i hear that correctly? that he was reduced to having to use his knuckles, his finger, his shoulder eventually. i found myself trying to manipulate my own body to try to follow along. >> me too. >> that's exactly what you want to happen as a prosecutor. you want these jurors to be so enthralled that they're trying to put themselves into the position that no one wants to be in. which is into the body of somebody who has died at the hands by these officers. but also, up until now, the defense has had -- which is not necessarily -- not an easy task at all, but they've had to defend against a video through the eyes of laymen. through you about standers, through a 9-year-old, through a 911 dispatcher. through an off duty firefighter, through use of force experts looking at it after the fact. now they have to defend

the handcuffs and the position on the street, acted as a vice. chauvin's knee on the his neck, the prone position, and the right knee on his back or his side. the weight, too, is something that dr. tobin got into. i want to play a bit of this. i think this may be 2. >> what you're seeing is the orientation of officer chauvin. his body build is quite erect. but in particular the toe of his boot is no longer touching the ground. this means that all of his body weight is being directed down at mr. floyd's neck. because in many of the calculations i excluded the effect of his leg and his shoe because some of it was touching the ground but here you can see none of it is touching the ground. we're taking half his body weight, plus the weight of his -- half the gear and all of that is coming directly down on mr. floyd's neck. >> and the amount of weight, laura, that's coming directly down we learned yesterday there was 30 to 40 pounds of equipment on officer chauvin. so we're talking about probably 90 pounds coming down on george floyd's neck at that po

a handcuff went on the left hand. a handcuff went on the right hand, and chauvin was taken out. the very criminal justice system where derek chauvin used to work prosecuting him and convicting him for murder. josh campbell, cnn, minneapolis. >> josh, thank you. for george floyd's family, the verdict is a pivotal moment after a long journey since his death last year. his cousin spoke to cnn's anderson cooper and explained how she felt when she saw derek chauvin being taken away in handcuffs. >> it was -- it was wonderful. i was glad to see that. you know, him actually going in to begin to have some accountability for the actions that he took on that day. you know, i don't know that he would ever acknowledge that he did something wrong. i certainly never saw any shift in his demeanor or, you know, any indication that there was any remorse for what had happened. and so today it was -- it was a good day for our family to be able to see him once and for all being held accountable for what he did on may 25th, 2020. >> let's bring in now a senior staff attorney with aclu's criminal law

won't handcuff you. they had a reason to. handcuffs are not the end of the world. it means we will protect you from hurting yourself or anybody else. >> reporter: as officers took him to the ground an officer can be seen placing his knee on minutes. shoulder for ra this is where the retired superior court judge feels police unnecessarily escalated the situation. >> what they did was escalate the situation by using force. so the they closed in on him and then laid hands on him, got one can you have on his right hand and he resisted pulling away with his left hand. >> as for the city employee who got involved, it turned out to be a parking enforcement officer. >> i welcome anybody that wants to help take someone safely in. that's great. even a civilian passing. however because they are a city employee they expose with a little bit liability once they start jumping in the fray without the proper training. >> alameda has said it is committed to full transparency. there are three investigations into the incid

you see the handcuffs being put on their. the handcuffs being put on their children. remanded in custody, that means he will be sent to jail well the sentencing comes down, we see the sentencing comes down, we see the sentencing comes down, we see the sentencing there has been ordered in a week's time, then we will know what his sentences. but he has been found guilty on all three charges and the most serious charge on intentional second—degree a maximum sentence of 40 years, third—degree murder, second degree manslaughter carries carries ten years, and those can be served concurrently since there has not been a charge against her before this one, but derek chauvin found guilty in all three charges and at the moment, at the moment he was found guilty, the moment thejudge read out to those guilty verdicts, there were cheers and applauding outside the courtroom you can on most of them inside the courtroom. i detect a moment where you can start hearing people cheering outside of the spot where george floyd was killed outside the courtroom itself. there was an irrupti

is needed to use to remove handcuffs 1st right and to use caution because the subject may revive agitated and ready to fight credit you've had that training too yes you've had that experience where someone is rendered unconscious is revived and fights you more. not that they passed out and then they came to yes and then they fight you more. looking at what's already in it evidence on the 200-1000 use of force manual. slide 41. this is what we're talking about in terms of the prop the prone arm control. and you see a photograph here officers knee appears to be across into the shoulder blades and between the shoulder blades across the had a neck area of the person. is attempting to enter the person. i have this is and. that's what i have. i don't. know. who doesn't i'm. sorry. to beat stan to one for 6 or 20. different tactics. which was. your honor this is from exhibit 126 which is already in evidence and. for permission to publish it. again you see here this officers knee appears to be over the neck and head of the subject as he's attempting to handcuff him correct correct and so there ar

the handcuffs on their own just handcuffs per se are not that important it has to be combined with the street. b because of the positioning of the handcuffs on the back and how they were not on - - manipulated by both officer chauvin and t4 they manipulated the handcuffs pushing them into his back and pushing them high. then on the other side, you have the street. the street playshi a crucial part because he is against the hard asphalt street. the way they push down on his handcuffs combined with the street, his left side particularly the left side , the left side is in a vice. it is totally pushed in and squeezed from each side from the street, at the bottom. and then from the way the handcuffs are manipulated. it's not just the handcuffs, but how they are being held and pushed and where they are being pushed that totally interfere with central features of how we breathe. blackwell: so he is pancake between the pavement and they have force on top of him. >> precisely. blackwell: how this mechanism the handcuffs and the street explain the shallow breathing that you describe? >> this ge