military withdrawal really began back in 2012 when david cameron announced the decision to end the uk's military operation there, which happened in 2014, so there wasn't the same presence the u.s. had. lisa: what will this due to the relationship between the u.s. and the u.k. going forward, if anything? or is it basically another bump along the road to restore that alliance? therese: i think on the surface, you will obviously hear the reassurances that the alliance is strong. we heard the call between boris johnson and president biden. but beneath that, there is a change here. the assumption after donald trump was voted out of office was that the alliance would return to a footing that was more familiar from the post-cold war period, one of collaboration, cooperation, reinforcing the international rules-based order. i think that is very clearly over from the perspective of a lot of of a lot of -- from the perspective of a lot of european allies, and america's appetite for intervention hasn't locations for security in europe. there's the question of narcotics trafficking and the all-impo