>>> three world leaders who were in power when the berlin wall fell nearly 20 years ago were honored in germany's capital. former president george h.w. bush the former soviet president, mikhail gorbachev and former german chancellor helmet coal attended this ceremony. president bush said the wall's collapse had more to do with the determination of everyday people than the power of governments. >> the historic events we are gathered to celebrate were set in motion not in bonn or moscow or in washington but rather in the hearts and minds of people who had too long been deprooiched their god-given rights. and the wall could confine them from loved ones and lock them in a failing economic system, but in the end it could not extinguish the embers of their undying hope or harness their human desire for freedom. >> kohl called the fall of the berlin wall his proudest moment as chancellor. >>> two men accused in a terrorism investigation face an

there will be celebrations today in berlin. bon jovi, in fact, will perform and many world leaders will be there, as well, including secretary of state hillary clinton of the many and at the regular an presidential line area in california, a replica has been constructed next to a piece of the authentic, the genuine wall. >>> a suspected car jacker thought it was pretty tough until he ran into a cagey 9-year-old kid. >>> well, the supreme court is hearing a case today that's raising some controversy. here it is. should juvenile offenders be put away for life without parole for crimes that don't involve a death? opponents say the punishment is cruel and unusual. opposite side of the coin, people who support the life sentence question whether rehabilitation is even possible for juvenile repeat offenders. now, 109 juvenile inmates nationwide are serving life terms for nonhomicide offenses. so 70% of those, too, we have discovered, are inmates in florida. four years ago, the high court struck down the death penalty for juveniles. so

bush, the last soviet leader and former german chancellor were honored in berlin. bush said the wall's collapse had more to do with the determination of everyday people than the power of big governments. >> the historic events we are gathered to celebrate were set the in motion not in moscow or washington but rather in the hearts and minds of people who had too long been deprived their god-given of rights. and the wall could confine them from loved ones and lock them in a failing economic system, but in the end it could not extinguish the embers of their undying hope or harness their human desire for freedom. >> germany's former chancellor said the fall of the berlin wall was his proudest moment. >>> the suspect in a deadly iraq bombing managed to kill someone during a police interrogation. the iraq's interior ministry says he grabbed a gun from a guard and shot an investigator. the investigator wrestled the gun back and shot the suspect. both died from their injuries. the suspect also wounded the guard he took the gun from. the investigators were questioning him i

and threats against american since the fall of the berlin a discussion now on race in america with the rev. jesse jackson and a number of others. that has been 25 years since the rev. jackson's first presidential campaign. this is part of an event hosted by the congressional black caucus. it is just over two hours. >> thank you very much. i am chair of the congressional black caucus. thank you very much. thank you for joining us for what will surely be a great meeting of minds and spirits and the sharing of ideas.

king's plane was one of the 401st, many stragglers returning from berlin. fortunately though the american fighter escorts kept the lufafa offer from getting close enough to attack any of the group's fleet returning bombers. lincoln lended, a fire engine and ambulance followed the plane down the runway. the exhaust pipes and one of the out board members had been shot away thus giving an appearance to those on the ground that the engine was on fire. as soon as the b-17's motors were shut down king said every member of the crew kissed the ground as he left the bomber. king; that the ball turret gunner had crawled out of his confined space earlier then he should have. i told him that if a german fighter were following us and approaching from below our plane, the entire crew's safety could depend on whether or not he spotted the enemy fighter. rhino would never again get out of the turret early. king continued to elaborate on the incident. i knew he was cramped and scared but i also knew that i couldn't just ignore the matter. then he added, i was in shock mysel

>> yes, but not in the berlin crisis. that is when atchenson was called during the cuben missile crisis but that is precisely correct. he thought he favored that the option of bombing the missile sites, and i think it was max taylor, because it's all in my mind's eye. i'm sitting at this table and at the roundtable and it was max behind me was was the voice that said then, what will the soviets do, and he and dean atchenson said well, the soviets will feel obligated to bomb the nato missile sites in turkey, and then what will we do? well, our nato allies have been attacked then we will bomb inside the soviet union, and then what will the soviets do? by then, we hope cooler heads had prevail. i told this story before in this same auditorium. some years later, atchenson, either in an interview or an article by him in "esquire" magazine shrugged are off the u.s. assessment of the cuban missile crisis saying the kennedys were just lucky and a journalist called me up and quoted that to me and said what is your comment, and i s

. >>> where were you 21 years ago today when the berlin wall came down? these scenes symbol iize the beginning of the end of communism in europe. there will be celebrations today in berlin. bon jovi is going to perform. many world leaders will be there as well, including secretary of state hillary clinton. >>> i'm pretty sure i was at my first job in broadcasting. >> really? >> watching the tape on cnn. i was watching it live, actually, if i remember correctly. i was still in college -- >> i was still in high school. >> you were not. >> i was 17. i was still in high school. >> i was still in college, that's entirely possible. >> hey, can we turn on the tv and watch the berlin wall come down? >> because your voice was changing? >> yeah. it was terrible. >>> hurricane ida, couple of pockets of rain out ahead of that. this is the actual rain from the hurricane. get back to west south of houston, trough of low pressure, western part of the gulf. heavy rain in two spots moving up to the north. rotation with this one. there's your rain with the hurricane, heavy

. >>> where were you 20 years ago today when the berlin wall came down? well, the scene symbolized the beginning of the end of communism in europe. there will be celebrations today in berlin. bon jovi is going to perform. many world leaders will be there too, including the secretary of state, hillary clinton. >> we need to form an even stronger partnership to bring down the walls of the 21st century and to confront those who hide behind them. >> i don't know if we have any more of that tape there, but secretary clinton also said that the ideas that made people bring down the wall are just as relevant today. wasn't that something? >>> a 7,000 pound christmas tree is heading to the nation's capital. a choir sang as the tree was cut down saturday in arizona. ♪ o christmas tree, your branches green ♪ >> and now we're going to chop you down. it is the first year that arizona provided the capital christmas tree. the tree will reach the capital in three weeks and then it will take another week to decorate it with and 5,000 ornaments made by the arizona schoo

the concert was to mark 20 years since the fall of the berlin wall. the berlin wall fell november 9th, 1989, ending almost 30 years of east/west cold war division. >>> and those are some of the headlines we're following this morning. i wanted to say hi to you. it's 31 minutes past the hour. i'm robin meade. some of the families of those injured at ft. hood are talking about it this morning. one soldier's uncle says his nephew was shot in the calf and hip and he had served two tours of duty in iraq and was getting ready to 0 leave for afghanistan. he told his uncle he was getting his shots when this happened. >> the next thing he knows there was a lot of shooting going on and he hollered to the other people in the room with him to follow him and they escaped out a back door. >> as many as 25,000 people can be at ft. hood on any given day. it's a huge outpost here. now one soldier says that she feels lucky because she was actually planning to be in that area where the shooting happened but ended up not being there. >> definitely was a close call. i star

the world recently marked the 20th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. we will now hear remarks from former undersecretary of defence paul wolfowitz on the events leading up to the collapse of communism and what triggered the falling of the wall. held by the university of virginia's miller center, this is an hour and 15 minutes. >> kicking off our second day on our conference, "when walls came down: berlin, 9/11, and u.s. strategy in uncertain times." to remind you or introduced to some of you who might not have been here yesterday, what we are trying to look at is to look back at the aftermath of these cataclysmic events -- the fall of the wall 20 years ago in berlin, and the 9/11 attacks more recently in 2001, to try and examine how the united states plans her strategy in the wake of dramatic events and in situations where it is facing complex and uncertain world. we are trying to learn from these periods how we might better as a country deal with the complex and dynamic world that we face today. i am delighted this morning to have an esteemed policy m

. >>> three world leaders who were in power when the berlin wall fell nearly 20 years ago were honored in germany's capital. former president george h.w. bush the former soviet president, mikhail gorbachev and former german chancellor helmet coal attended this ceremony. president bush said the wall's collapse had more to do with the determination of everyday people than the power of governments. >> the historic events we are gathered to celebrate were set in motion not in bonn or moscow or in washington but rather in the hearts and minds of people who had too long been deprooiched their god-given rights. and the wall could confine them from loved ones and lock them in a failing economic system, but in the end it could not extinguish the embers of their undying hope or harness their human desire for freedom. >> kohl called the fall of the berlin wall his proudest moment as chancellor. >>> two men accused in a terrorism investigation face an extradition hearing in canada tomorrow. they were arrested in windsor ontario, across the border from detroit. they're suspected of being involved w

three statesmen who oversaw the fall of the berlin wall nearly 20 years ago were in germany's capital today. former president bush mikhail gorbachev and cole were there. they say it had more to do about the power of people than the power of government. >> the historic events we were there to celebrate were set in motion not in bond, moscow or washington but in the hearts and minds of people who had been for too long bed e anywayed their god-given rights. they could be locked in a failing economic system but in the end they could not extinguish the embers of undying hope or harness their human desire for freedom. >> germany's former chancellor he will kohl said the fall of the wall was his proudest moment. >> five minutes later they called me $20,000! they said it would never last. but it's been two months and you're still going strong. glade lasting impressions. two fragrances alternate to keep things... fresh and exciting day after day. - and not just for 30 days. - ( inhales deeply, sighs ) but for 60. it's the longest-lasting plugins ever. get freshness that won't fade away for 60

strategic planning for what happened actly after the berlin wall. and one way to notice when periods of strategic planning occur is judge to when it dwoppeds develops. it's habits of thought and action. and then begins to believe in those habits so that those habits thore -- and the paper says something about the significance of the may, 1989 nato summit and all the surrounding events and some other developments during that period, and ticks off eight or nine different ways in which that period really cemented habits of thought in action that were going to make it much-year-old for them to adapt when all of a sudden the car accelerated and then they simply began more rapid throwing deploy goals thing -- phase of the bush 41 period is let's call this 1990 though it really begins in about august of 1989. the period of critical american actions -- the focus really shifts a lot beginning in august of 1989 and the developments in pole and and then the picture and by october we're going full blast on german issues before the wall opens. and a lot of ideas

this is part of a forum on the ball of the berlin wall. it is about an hour and 50 minutes. >> i would like to welcome you all to our second panel today. it is a pleasure and honor to have the distinguished policy makers who also happen to be superb analysts of u.s. foreign policy all on one panel. each of them has served in at least two of the three presidency's between the fall of the berlin wall and the obama administration. they have worked at the highest levels of government on the national security council in the pentagon and the state department and in and this is a broad, and they are people, and we can learn something about the experience of making strategy in a complex conditions the country has faced in the past 20 years. let me briefly introduced the panel, especially as it relates to the aftermath of 9/11 and strategy under uncertainty. eric edelman has served in government closely as a career foreign service officer. related to the fall of the berlin wall, he worked in the u.s. embassy in moscow and then return to work in the

the second model is the berlin wall model, something rising until finally it >>reporter: the tipping point and everything changes. the berlin wall coming down was the physical manifestation of a political revolution in eastern europe that change the form of government in every country and it was a political revolution. the third model i call the sand which model where you have an upwelling of support from change from the grassroots and a responsive leadership at the top. when you get that you can get the very rapid change. i think that is what we now have in this country. when i get a little discouraged about how much it is going to have enormous effort, i go back and read the economic history of world war ii beginning december 7th, 1941, surprise attack on pearl harbor, a good part of our pacific fleet anchored in pearl harbor and a month later, january 6th, 1942, president roosevelt gave the state of the union address in which he announced arms production goals. we are totally in world war ii at that point. we are going to miss 45,000 tanks, 60,000 planes, 40,000 artillery guns and

specialized smaller categories of camps for their own special purposes. >> but nobody in charge say in berlin who is in charge of setting this up? >> know, run by david barack receives and, as a matter of fact, i think it was in a sense part of a nazi system for each pair proceed to want to have its own camps, this was -- we don't have firm evidence of this but i think this was something that for a lot of not the bureaucrats indicated that they have power. i have my own body of prisoners here that i control, my own purpose for which i have camps. >> what were the first camps at the develops -- that the nazis developed. >> these are what historians call the early camps. there were developed on an ad hoc basis by local authorities, it was brown shirts, the ss or the local police, to handle political prisoners. communists and socialists especially at the beginning. people that the nazis considered to be archenemies and that they were determined to eliminate. they didn't eliminate most of them physically but put them into these camps and tortured them and put them to work and more are less make s

and celebrations getting under way today in berlin. we'll take a look at those. >>> plus, don't take the escalator. take the old giant piano stairs instead. hop around a little. black keys, white keys. what do you like? commuters having fun playing the piano while getting a little exercise. will fun lead to better health? all that this hour on "morning express." plus a little stair music shall we say. >>> iran is now charging three u.s. hikers who crossed into the country illegally of espionage at this moment. that's from a senior iranian prosecutor. secretary of state clinton said there is no evidence to support the charges of espionage against shane bauer, sarah shourd, and josh fattal. the hikers' families say they crossed the unmarked border between iraq and iran by mistake here, releasing this video of them goofing off to show that they were innocent. of course that just coming in the last hour. we'll follow that story coming out of iran. the first hurricane, meanwhile, of the atlantic season has just been downgraded to a tropical

she will get to keep her prize money she won in berlin as well. >>> ramsey is not so lucky. the gold he won 15 months ago has been stripped for testing positive for doping. why a year later? officials keep athletes' samples and run those against new doping tests as they are developed. the star from bahrain says he will appeal this ruling. >>> the nfl's limits on pregame tailgating is aimed at cutting down bad behavior by drunk fans. some think it's a ploy to get fans to spend more money on beer once inside the staid stadium. more expensive beer than you can find at the store. we're asking what you think this morning. some of our responses are these. jim c. saying, how much do you really need to eat and drink before the game? couldn't you eat an entire thanksgiving dinner twice at 3 1/2 hours? nfl is just taking away all the fun. first don't tell brait after touchdowns. why? go to cnn.com/robin and leave us a comment. >>> check out this video from the swedish hockey league. worst celebration ever. anderson scoring the pretty goal, very nicely done. how do you celebrate that?

germany angela merkel addressed congress today a few days shy of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. she pushed for a deal to combat global warming saying we have no time to lose. earlier merkel met with president obama at the white house. >> i should just note that germany has been an extraordinarily strong ally on a whole host of international issues. we appreciate the sacrifices of german soldiers in afghanistan and our common work there to bring peace and stability to afghanistan and to create the environment in which the afghan people themselves can provide for their own security. >> today's speech was the first by a german chancellor before congress in more than 50 years. >>> a new video is out showing what british toddler madeleine mccann may look like 2 1/2 years after she disappeared in fo portugal. british police released this photo today or actually a video. there you go. there's the image change. it shows how she might look now. one shows her as a blonde. another as a brunette with something of a tan. madeleine's dad hopes the video will inspire someone that knows w

you would've thought i was going to tunnel into the berlin wall. while i'm reporting back to say that there is no other side. i rather knew that from the beginning when i was first hired at oxford university press straight out of graduate school by woody gilmerton. woody, a fine writer with an essay from. the culture of the written word is a complex ecosystem, filled with interdependent species and most of them could be making a lot more money and some other swarm. the author is at the center, that every exist only because of countless people who care about writing and knowledge. these are people who know that the book lives at the heart of all of our culture, that is the repository of knowledge, the breaker of news, the collector up with them, the thing of beauty. these are people, all of us in this room have relied on, sometimes yelled out, and have been ourselves or perhaps are at this moment. so before i think some specific people who helped bring my book into existence, i want to thank at the editorial existence, the copywriters are getting ma

last week we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. we we lived -- week we lived at the moment. there is also a wall in the keep in context. it is invisible yet very real. to the extent policies are erected, we need to begin to tear down. i want to experience the joy of day when cubans on the island and cuban-americans are reunited. it is time to restore the right of americans to travel to cuba. with us today to discuss this issue is a distinguished panel of witnesses who my will introduce shortly. before i do let me turn to the ranking member, the gentle lady from florida, who may have a different perspective on this. for any opening comments she might want to make -- the >> thank you, mr. chairman. i appreciate your bipartisan spirit. thank you to all the audience members for being here today. on january 21 this year i heard estimates that appear to telegraph to the world that the u.s. would hold the two regimes accountable for their actions, that our foreign policy toward caryn's but based on an overarching moral, political, and str

how germany is marking the fall of the berlin wall. @@@@@@@ they said it would never last. but it's been two months, and you're still going strong. glade lasting impressions. two fragrances alternate to keep things... fresh and exciting day after day. - and not just for 30 days. - ( inhales deeply, sighs ) but for 60. it's the longest-lasting plugins ever. get freshness that won't fade away for 60 days. ahhh! with plugins lasting impressions. and yes, it's glade. s.c. johnson, a family company. >>> the house had its say and passed a health care reform bill, but the debate's not over yet. our i-reporters are weighing in on whether this is a good or bad thing for the country. army investigators asked troops and civilians for help in its investigation of the deadly shooting at ft. hood. why they think some people caught in the rampage may have valuable evidence. >>> and if you missed services at your church today, well now you have an option to attend from home. all you need is a computer. >>> hln "news and views." hello. i'm holly

. >>> berlin prides itself on being a green city. and the german capital is proud of the many different new ways it's found to feed its need for fuel. in this edition of eco solutions, we see how berlin's water works gets a value by-product from sewage. >> reporter: what you see here is sludge where the water has already been extracted. it doesn't smell very good. but this sludge will now be burned and turned into energy. this man of the water works company showed me how the fermented waste is turned into electricity and heat. the plant consumes less than half the energy a regular sewage plant needs because it makes its own power. >> people here look for alternatives and they find alternatives in this renewable resources, sludge made of sewage. >> cities environmental's office says thanks to a $2.7 billion urban renewal plan, berlin's cut its emissions by 20%. >>> been more than a year since the government authorized the $700 billion bailout of the financial system, you know, t.a.r.p.? will the program be extended. poppy harlow joins

>> i was in berlin, paris, and moscow and met with the british along the way. in kabul, we had foreign ministers from france, the netherlands, the deputy prime minister of japan and the japanese quadrupled their aid last week and went up to $5 billion in commitments. that is tremendously important by their new government. the foreign minister of canada the was there, the indian prime minister was there, and the senior officials from many other countries. as you know, i have tried to go to all the concerned countries. i have not been able to get to all of them up until now part i still love not got into all of them simply because of two things -- in the early part of my job, i have to go to afghanistan/pakistan a lot further so many issues to straighten out. we were in a time of transition we had to put a whole new team in place and we had to rethink our pakistan policy in conjunction with m paterson. -- ann patterson, our ambassador there who has been kept on because we have high confidence in her. i was unable to get to moscow earlier for logistical reasons. t

monday marks 21 years since the fall of the berlin wall. hillary clinton will attend a celebration in berlin. >>> we could be just hours away from a long-awaited vote on health care reform. what president obama is saying after a last-minute meeting with house democrats. we're learning more about the victims of the ft. hood shooting, what family and trends say about the loss of some pretty remarkable people. >>> the sound of a baby crying might get on your nerves sometimes. but listen closely. you might hear something you do all day every day. you're watching hln. we start with the shooting tragedy at ft. hood, texas. here's what we know. a local muslim leader says in a recent conversation with suspect major nadal hasan. he seemed incorps hent. he said something didn't seem right about him. investigators say hasan fired more than 100 rounds from two handguns yesterday. 13 people were killed. two dozen of the 38 people wounded are still in the hospital, many are in intensive care, hasan who was shot four times by a police officer has been tak

. ♪ one love, one life >> u2 gave a free mini concert in berlin. the concert was to mark 20 years since the fall of the berlin wall. the wall fell in 1989, ending 30 years of east-west cold war division. >>> those are some of our headlines this morning. i hope you are doing well. good to see you again. i'm robin meade. some of the families of those injured at ft. hood are talking about it. one soldier's uncle says his nephew was shot in the calf and the hip. he was serving two tours of duty in iraq and was getting ready to leave for afghanistan. he told his uncle he was getting the shots when it happened. >> the next thing you know, there was a lot of shooting going on, and he hollered to some other people that were in the room with him to follow him, and they escaped out a back door. >> live to ft. hood now because a press conference is starting. let's listen. >> a single shooter who was ultimately shot and subdued by our first responders. it, the number of victims killed remains 13 and 28 injured remain hospitalized. this continues to be a cooper

this is one of the berlin and things, credit we can give kravchenko because he thought of this himself so to speak. his book, when it appeared in a french translation was immediately and violently attacked in the communist press as total fraud, that is it was said kravchenko had never even written a book, first that he didn't exist, the book had been written by an american intelligence agent and so forth and so on. now what kravchenko did was to go to paris and sioux this journal for libel, and you had what was called off the trial of the century which as you notice appears about twice every decade. the trial of a century in which one after another famous french intellectual got up and swore on the stack of copies of the communist manifesto that there were no prison camps in russia, no gulag, nothing else and what kravchenko had done is ransacked the camps in western europe and produced one after another very telling eyewitness that is people who had actually been in the gulags including a sensational witness, margarita, who had been in prison first in the russian gulag of, then in one

the concert was to mark 20 years since the fall of the berlin wall. it fell november 9th, 1989, ending almost 30 years of east/west cold war division. bob, when i hear u-2 it reminds me, i was studying abroad at that time. those guys haven't changed at all. >> absolutely amazing sound. i was in high school when that happened. that's how long it's been. >> it has been a long time. >> that's how old we're getting. >>> let me show you what's going on now. it is still hurricane season technically, lasts through november 30th, the last day. we have our tropical depression ida right over honduras getting a lot of rain especially right along the coast. it is drifting up towards the north at about seven miles per hour and the center of rotation gets back into the open waters overnight tonight or early tomorrow morning and you can see where it goes from here. it goes up to the north a little bit farther. may gain strength again when it hits the water and it's relatively warm it looks like it could become a tropical storm then head toward the yucatan peninsula,

the berlin wall fell. the economy started to not form around communism. like the u.s. and the other angelo saxon countries give an exalted role, other countries, germany and japan, in the late '80s there was a lot of people saying we need a system like that. by the mid 50*e -- '90s, u.s. was being better. i know i bought into it pretty much. the idea that markets will take care of it. financial markets will take care of it. and you can see it sort of in the way discourse changed. up until about the mid '90s if you talked about about how big a corporation was, how important it was, you always talked about either it's revenues, overall sales, or earnings. those are both clearly incomplete measures. partly because they are incomplete, but partly because the infactuation, it made the switch in the mid '90s, and basically all people talked about what the market cap. it's how much of the stock of the corporation is worth. and that became the ultimate measure of how important you were. it was pretty clear to a lot of people that pets.com wasn't really more important than delt

the berlin wall fell so it was clear capitalism seem to work a lot better than communism and even more than that though if you look around the world there are certain countries that allow financial markets in capitalist countries like the u.s. and the other anglo-saxon countries for the most part given exalted role to the financial markets. the other countries, germany and japan but the banks in charge and in the late '80s there were lots of people in the u.s. were thinking we need each system like the germans are the japanese but in the mid 90's the u.s. was doing vastly better so it seemed like even though the theories were taking a beating back on campus in terms of popular view of the role of markets i think it really reached its apex in the late 90's. i know i've bought into it pretty much, this idea that the markets will take care of it, the financial markets will take care of it. you can see it in the way discourse changes. the one clear thing is up until about the mid 90's if you talk about how big a corporation was, how laporte nick corporation was too early to talk about eith

only recently we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. it should be recalled that the iron curtain started to open up by millions of westerners visiting the country's. we are grateful to the politicians who carried out the policy that helped create the conditions for this peaceful outcome. americans played a significant role. today you have a similar opportunity regarding cuba. we are aware of the concern of many distinguished congress women and men of the financial the impact of american tourism on the cuban economy, fearing that the civility of giving birth to the totalitarian regime we believe that many thousands of americans visiting cuba would benefit our society and enhance our people. firstly through the free flow of ideas and further asking the government to open up and provide goods and services such as renting rooms because the capacities in the hotels would be surpassed. it would improve the impoverished living standards far more critical today than in the 1990's when some were allowed. everyone will know that the cuban state w

this is the crowd in berlin in july, 2008. during the campaign, obama made a european tour and toward concentration camps and met with all sorts of leaders throughout the european continent are the only public appearance that he made was in berlin where a crowd of 200,000 showed up to greet him. this was a kennedyesque type of appearance. he picked the same place that kennedy appeared. because it was in berlin, there's a tendency to think this shows german support for obama. conference about u.s.-american relations, one commentator families said that while the obama event was very crowded, it was not especially karauted. [laughter] it was his only public appearance. the crowd apparently was a lot more diverse, representatives of supporters from all over europe and not necessarily an expression of german support. i was struck with the fervor and attention in the united kingdom where significant misperceptions in the british view of the u.s. because of their own parliamentary system, they tend to erroneously see our president as

money laundering machine for soviet era policies that otherwise met their demise with the fall of the berlin wall 20 years ago. we must maintain travel restrictions to prevent the regime from using tourists dollars to further oppress the cuban people. thank you mr. chairman. i yield back the balance of my time. >> the time of the gentleman has expired. the gentlelady from california, ms. lee. >> cuba is then the only nation in the world where americans are forbidden to-- traveling to afghanistan, or burma. americans are travel-- free to travel to and the island and our president just completed a very successful visit to a communist country, china. by any objective standard our current policy toward cuba just has not work. it is clear to me when i travel to cuba in the mid '70s as a congressional staffer and it is even clearer to me over three decades later earlier this year and led a congressional delegation to cuba. we believe there are new opportunities to rethink u.s. policy with their nearest caribbean neighbor. americans should not be denied the right to travel to cuba. americans have b

and threats against american since the fall of the berlin a discussion now on race in america with the rev. jesse jackson and a number of others. that has been 25 years since the rev. jackson's first presidential campaign. this is part of an event hosted by the congressional black caucus. it is just over two hours. >> thank you very much. i am chair of the congressional black caucus. thank you very much. thank you for joining us for what will surely be a great meeting of minds and spirits and the sharing of ideas. let me first thank reverend jesse jackson for being with us. give it or bring jackson around of applause. [applause] your historic run for the white house 25 years ago was an inspiration to so many of us gathered here today. many of us are who we are today because of the trail that you blaze, reverend jackson, thank you. i also like to thank art distinguished panelists for being with us this evening. a professor alan goodman, prof. bleakly from the college of william and mary, howard university law school professor lisa croom, a yale law school professor, and the president an

not that ended with the fall of the berlin wall. the decade of the 1980's, the number of coups that led to changes of government went down from about 40%, which was the pattern that i said earlier, fell about 20%. and since the late 1980's, since pinochet was finally voted in an election in july and out of office -- in chile out of office when he lost in 1988, there's really been only one other situation where a head of state has been taken out at gunpoint into exile into another country, and that was haiti in 1991 to reset this pattern cannot be repeated again. and that is why the gravity of the honduran situation is uppermost. so where are we going with this? i think that for honduras to be restored to the organization of american states -- in other words, to be voted back in because it was suspended -- it is going to have to show bad the situation was grave and that it has taken steps to restore the constitutional and democratic order. and those are some of the things that i about one-third the most important thing of all is to c

but coming up next, a look at threats against the united states since the fall of the berlin wall 20 years ago. >> what i have done is to write the paper as mentioned in a way that i almost never do, which is about the present mainly in light of the past. historians, generally speaking, have a tendency to write with some safety. we think that there is some safety in writing from historical doments and from sources that they are familiar. and rarely, for good reasons, venture into drawing policy comparisons and recent events that follows. what brought me to do it at this point was not just the incredible capacity of convincing me to do more or less anything, but it's also the seriousness of these matters. people are dying. the results in both cases in my view as i look forward, they do not look good. and i'm very interested in trying to find out whether there are any links between the cold war, a period we are starting to know well now, in terms of historical lessons to what went into the decision making, both are regard to relation to afghanistan, as the result of 9/11, 2001, and 200

did you -- >> i was in berlin, paris, and moscow and met with the british along the way. i would add, that in kabul, as you saw we had foreign ministers from france, the netherlands, deputy foreign minister of japan and i would draw your attention to the fact that the japanese quadrupled their aid last week and went up to $5 billion in commitment. tremendously important. a tremendously important decision by the new government. canada, their foreign minister was there. the indian foreign minister was there. and senior officials from many other countries. specifically to russia, as you know, i've been trying to go to all the concerned countries, but i haven't been able to get to all of them up to now. i still haven't gotten to all of them because of two thing the need to make, in the early part of my job, i had to go to afghanistan, pakistan a lot because there was so many issues to straighten out, we were in a period of transition in our leadership in afghanistan and had to put a whole new team in place and had to rethink our pakistan policy in conjunction with ann patters

i served 20 years ago at the time of the fall of the berlin water on the transition in eastern europe. i served working on the structural embedments with japan. i served first as a white house fellow and in the white house for many years during the mexican financial crisis, during the asian financial crisis and working a lot with china on its trading relationship. since i left public service, the world has changed a great deal. it is a moment of great challenge, and we have to navigate a greatly changed global economic landscape. the global economy is coming back slowly and haltingly from the most severe and synchronized crisis we have seen in this generation. financial markets have stabilized, and we have seen the first signs of growth, but unemployment is unacceptably high. too many americans wake up without a paycheck, wondering how to pay bills. that is a challenge that we all face. my job, if i were to be confirmed, would be to focus on how the global economic environment can contribute to good jobs here at home. it is absolutely critical, as we rebound, that we get this economy

these will be available for the anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. it was a very praiseworthy and thoughtful letter about john f. kennedy. he wrote "the signing of the treaty was a convincing reminder of the fact that no matter how difficult problems might be, solutions can be found." this last panel has given us hope that no matter how difficult the problems are, solutions can be found. >> thank you very much. as one of those who was consulted in the establishment of this wonderful institution, i want to say that today's conference has not only in a stringent success but it also stresses what was of utmost importance to present can be. i want to tie some of the remarks by all of these magnificent panels by saying three or four things. first, the announcement by ken that he is now an admirer of president kennedy surprised me a bit. who's next, rush limbaugh? although i am sure the good father from notre dame who was on the opening, would say that is centered is always welcome bosch a center -- come aa sinnes always welcome. i want to quote from the s

and all of the other sponsors, berlin and smud, lockheed martin is in our space, the largest government contractor in the world, clean edge and ethanol biomass and biodiesel, all these other companies helped produce this, and we thank them. to begin, let me remind us that the theory of this conference is called phase ii, and what does that mean? well, in 19 -- in 2004,acore defined this phase i, phase ii idea which is up until then it was a continuum. we're commercializing, and it's a big slog. suddenly we realize, no, that's not the way it is. there was actually an r&d phase and then a deployment phase. and we defined phase i as that period 1975 -- and i was late to the game myself, like many of you. i didn't join this industry until 1976. so i missed the first year. don't know what they did that year. but 1975-2000, look, we had a great government-funded r&d program. during that period of time, the government invested almost exactly $100 billion in emergency technology, r&d. 50 billion in nuclear, 25 billion in fossil, 14 billion in renewable energy and 11 billion in efficiency. i'll

i served 20 years ago at the time of the fall of the berlin wall on the transition in eastern europe. i served working with the structural impediments with japan. i served as a white house fellow and in the white house for many years during the mexican financial crisis and working along with china on its trading relationship. since i left public service the world has changed. it is a moment of great challenge. we have to navigate a greatly changed economic landscape. the economy is coming back slowly from the most severe crisis we have seen probably in this generation. financial markets had stabilized and we have seen the first signs of growth, but unemployment is on high. to many americans wake up without a paycheck. that is the challenge we all face. my job would be to focus on how the global environment can contribute to good jobs at home. it is critical that we get this economy on a more sustainable path and more balanced path. that will mean selling into asian markets. that will mean convincing asian economies in dollar -- they no longer can rely on u.s. demand for their growth,

history tells us, he reminded a german audience on the eve of his speech in berlin, that this unity and relax action are the great [unintelligible] of any alliance. the peloponnesus were mighty in battle but handicap at a policy- making body in each and generally results in no action at all. he believed in taking action and warned against complacency and encouraged the free world to confront the threats posed by our adversaries through the art of statecraft. we must be united, not only by a danger and necessity, but i hope and purpose as well. our purpose as we gather here today is to assemble historians and presidential advisers, scholars and diplomats, to analyze past presidential efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and consider what lessons they offer to the perils of our current challenges. i know how much my father relied on the advice and counsel of ted sorensen on these matters and we are fortunate to have him here along with one of president kennedy's most trusted national security advisers. [applause] i know i speak on behalf of everyone in this audience in expressin

>> actually, it was in berlin, paris and moscow. >> right. >> and also met with the british along the way. then i would add, since i'll do the whole international that in kabul, as you saw, we had foreign ministers from france, the netherlands, deputy foreign minister of japan. and i would draw your attention to the fact that the japanese quadrupled their aid last week and went up to $5 billion in commitments. they tremendously enforced decision by the new government. canada, their foreign minister was there. the indian foreign minister was there. and the senior officials from many other countries. specifically to russia, as you know, i've been trying to go to all the concerned countries. but i haven't been able to get to all of them up until now. i still haven't gotten to all of them. simply because of two things. the need to make in the early part of my job -- i had to go to afghanistan, pakistan a lot because there were so many issues to straighten out. we were in a period of transition in our leadership in afghanistan and we had to put a whole new team in place. and we had to reth

only recently we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall. it should be recalled that the iron curtain started to open up by millions of westerners visiting the country's. we are grateful to the politicians who carried out the policy that helped create the conditions for this peaceful outcome. americans played a significant role. today you have a similar opportunity regarding cuba. we are aware of the concern of many distinguished congress women and men of the financial the impact of american tourism on the cuban economy, fearing that the civility of giving birth to the totalitarian regime we believe that many thousands of americans visiting cuba would benefit our society and enhance our people. firstly through the free flow of ideas and further asking the government to open up and provide goods and services such as renting rooms because the capacities in the hotels would be surpassed. it would improve the impoverished living standards far more critical today than in the 1990's when some were allowed. everyone will know that the cuban state w