he made the nazi soviet pact as part of a bargain with the devil, so to speak, and when the soviet union was about to come under attack from the nazis, he refused to believe that we have given lots of intelligence he refused to believe that an attack was coming. and when it happened, he was so unnerved, depressed by it, that he disappeared from view for a few days. and there was a backing of leadership while the soviet arms were retreating under the weight of this nazi assault. stalin, at the end of world war ii, could not accept the idea that there was the possibility of an accommodation with the west, with the united states and great britain. what he failed to understand was that americans, the british, were enormously appreciative of the sacrifices the soviets had made in the war come and that is as george kennan said, the great american diplomat overcame the head of harry truman's policy planning council. george kennan said the did was the soviet army that tore the guts out of the machine, and the price that was paid -- this was the price, in a sense, that was paid for the occupation

the soviet union a month before the war. by the british attack on the soviet union. on july first one thousand nine hundred forty seven british divisions were to deliver a crushing blow to the. force to the we. could only be achieved. the occupation of such. a country. for the resistance. some credit is certainly due to the british military planners they were clearly aware that the soviet army was nearly twice the size of the western allies combined forces and quick success in any such conflict would be impossible. just that stalin was wary of something like operation unthinkable. he knew that something was brewing it's hard to say whether he had a clear knowledge of the. famous aspiring led by kim philby was operating in britain at the time with top foreign office officials they were doing a very effective job. son of a german anti-fascist had joined the soviet army in one thousand nine hundred forty two as a volunteer. in april of one thousand nine hundred five he was a propaganda officer. early hours of april sixteenth he was summoned to headquarters he was told t

britain was aiming to see germany destroyed on the other hand it wanted to the soviet union weakened as much as possible i mean by real concern was to the appearance of a new arrival on the concert of the. continued. in early april the ford most u.s. troops were about one hundred kilometers west of berlin there were almost no battle ready german armies facing them all of them had been moved to the eastern front to repulse the soviet offensive. horizon ours known to have asked general simpson whether u.s. troops could take berlin was lost as he expected in that case simpson said he expected some thirty thousand an. hour sadler that wouldn't do for us troops were to hold their positions at the russians do the fighting. on april first stalin called a meeting of his supreme command where he decided that the berlin operation should start in mid april. i think that if roosevelt hadn't signed on april the twelfth and would have agreed to the participation of the western allies forces in the assault. as a kind of cool would prevent the allies from stabbing him in the. roosevelt the soviet co

the revolution turned china communist, soviet union tightened its grip on eastern europe and cruise chov told them we will bury you. he fell to castro. meanwhile out in california hollywood actor began intellectual journey that would make him the most effective communicators ever of conservative ideas. >> reagan was way left. in 1945, 46 and 47 by his own addition he was sympathetic to the new deal. he campaigned vigorously to harry truman in 1948. where did this other come through? i think that process began seriously in 52, 53, 54 particularly 54 when he joins general electric. >> that is par the living better. >> reagan began to hang out with corporate people play golf with corporate presidents and that's when he began to drift toward the republican party. >> the thing about reagan he was self taught. he visited ge factories over a 7 day period traveling by plane because he was afraid to fly. he was traveling with a stack of books and magazines and national review magazine along the way he picked up and absorbed a lot of the founders and he would use these thoughts in his speeches and

to relieve pressure on the soviet union in the east. but. that it would be only when it became clear that the russians would. that they were. entering europe. and the british and american response had a significant impact on the balance of forces in post-war europe. many in the west are upset about stalin's power to shape the post-war arrangement it makes me want to say look your judgment was with should have gone in the foot sooner who scored the goods by the way with another woman. on april twenty eighth soviet troops encircled the city center and began an assault on the way stop. the building was protected by bands in the spring river and the bridge crossings had been blown up. troops crossed the sprit aboard tiny dinghies from one bank to the other a distance of several dozen meters. they face continuous german fire half of the sailors who were there to secure the crossing died in the shadow of the right stuff . in the seven sailors were given the titles of heroes of the soviet union. and then in one of them was nikolai. manzer files a r

troops were by the soviet union and incorporation of these three baltic states into the soviet union but when calmer version of her comrades. were visiting tallinn riga of vilnius so the state department or the white house did recall they they didn't recall them messages so the real let's take a look at the history of the russian japanese dispute over that quote. islands in a report by spotlights even at the need of. the soviet union was encouraged by the allies in one thousand nine hundred forty five to take over the cool on a lands which had done belonged to japan the u.s.s.r. was a truly poor missed the territories in exchange for entering the war against japan after japan's capitulation in the second world war the folks who are islands became part of the us a cell which was recognized by the international community to ban could never reconcile with the fact and the territories remain a bone of contention between the two countries russia keep sticking to the provisions of the one nine hundred fifty six agreement that included the possibility of hand in two of the islands back to j

britain's joint started preparations for hostilities against the soviet union a month before the war. by the british attack on the soviet union without declaring war on july first one thousand nine hundred forty seven british divisions were to deliver a crushing blow to the. say that russia should be forced to succumb to the will of. the operation. could only be achieved. the occupation of such. a country would be. for the resistance. some credit is certainly due to the british. they were clearly aware that the soviet army was nearly twice the size of the western forces. would be impossible. he knew that something was brewing to say whether he had a clear. top officials. son of a german anti-fascist had joined the soviet army in one thousand nine hundred forty two as a volunteer. in one thousand nine hundred five he was a propaganda officer. early hours of april sixteenth he was summoned to headquarters he was told to announce to the germans through the loudspeakers the start of the war's final so he defensive in a few hours time. general with this isn't possible with we can't possibl

the revolution turned china communist, soviet union tightened its grip on eastern europe and cruise chov told them we will bury you. he fell to castro. meanwhile out in california hollywood actor began intellectual journey that would make him the most effective communicators ever of conservative ideas. >> reagan was way left. in 1945, 46 and 47 by his own addition he was sympathetic to the new deal. he campaigned vigorously to harry truman in 1948. where did this other come through? i think that process began seriously in 52, 53, 54 particularly 54 when he joins general electric. >> that is par the living better. >> reagan began to hang out with corporate people play golf with corporate presidents and that's when he began to drift toward the republican party. >> the thing about reagan he was self taught. he visited ge factories over a 7 day period traveling by plane because he was afraid to fly. he was traveling with a stack of books and magazines and national review magazine along the way he picked up and absorbed a lot of the founders and he would use these thoughts in his speeches and

the fact is, in the soviet union we have a workers' state. it's a degenerated worker state, trotsky called it, but nonetheless, the state -- there is state ownership of the means of production, and so the occupied territories are getting socialism at the end of a day in and sit speak, with the red army bringing it in from the soviet union. this is very curious because at this very time, trotsky was saying workers' state, generated workers' state, but at the same time trotsky was very openly calling the stalinist regime totalitarian. and what's the other totalitarian regime? nazi germany. so for his followers in new york, primarily now, and there is a lot of confusion, they just can't follow the old man, not all of them on this line, and trotsky is insistent and this is taking up all his time. the biography of stalin, that's on hold. the world and what position to take on the soviet union and on the invasion of finland and so on, that really is center stage now. the debates, among the american trotskyists, leads to a split. the party is small

the revolution turned china communist, soviet union tightened its grip on eastern europe and cruise chov told them we will bury you. he fell to castro. meanwhile out in california hollywood actor began intellectual journey that would make him the most effective communicators ever of conservative ideas. >> reagan was way left. in 1945, 46 and 47 by his own addition he was sympathetic to the new deal. he campaigned vigorously to harry truman in 1948. where did this other come through? i think that process began seriously in 52, 53, 54 particularly 54 when he joins general electric. >> that is par the living better. >> reagan began to hang out with corporate people play golf with corporate presidents and that's when he began to drift toward the republican party. >> the thing about reagan he was self taught. he visited ge factories over a 7 day period traveling by plane because he was afraid to fly. he was traveling with a stack of books and magazines and national review magazine along the way he picked up and absorbed a lot of the founders and he would use these thoughts in his speeches and

detente with the soviet union struck me as extraordinarily shortsighted, in that the soviets persisted in shipping weaponry to north vietnam that was killing americans, that they kept on building their ss- 18 icbms and indeed biological weapon programs. there was very little to show for detente. and a similar misinterpretation of the american opening of china. it wasn't a star, it wasn't even america who opened china. it was china rushing to us because of fear that they would be attacked by the soviet union. >> is any of that because of our foreign policy wizards that had set up, i suppose the building of our military? is that good -- i mean the strong military, does that matter? >> a strong military is indeed important, yes. and that has been an american assumption since the korean war. but what do we match that strong military to? a military is not strong -- doesn't even exist by itself. it's there to fulfill the political purposes of the state. and my argument would be that less might be more, as america engages with the world. these ongoing attempts at fine- tuning, that any proble

and its forty years since the soviet union's first remote controlled robot known as the tank landed on the surface of the moon the machine revolutionized space exploration and paved the way for today's satellites shuttles and space to. one i'll be back in less than half an hour from now in the meantime nato is poised for a crucial summit in lisbon this weekend to map out missile defense its strategy in afghanistan and the role of the alliance when up next join in cross talk for a debate on the future of the organization. and you can. still. follow in welcome to cross talk i'm peter lavelle we're there at nato as members of the north atlantic treaty organization meet in lisbon this military alliance is in search of a mission can nato remain relevant facing twenty first century security threats. and you can. start. to discuss the role of nato today i'm joined by hugo lucas in boston he's a professor of international relations at boston university in london we have martin mccauley he's an author and senior lecturer at the university of london and in paris we cross to john laughlin from th

union didn't attack western europe ok let's move forward gentlemen john i would say the. nato caved to russia it needs russia more ok if it's going to bail itself out of this horrific war in afghanistan maybe they'll just you know they won't they won't call it a defeat that's the whole best they can hope for right now is calling it a defeat ok maybe a withdrawal or whatever whatever newspeak they want to use but the war is lost ok and russia might help them get out not stay yeah yeah i totally agree i mean that's why the whole obama reset was was called into operation because they realize that the americans realize that the confrontation with russia was leading nowhere and on afghanistan and on iran they needed russian help so i completely agree with you i don't agree that russia needs nato at all on the contrary nato is a problem nato is a classic example of institutional drift it's a institution which should not exist it should have been abolished twenty years ago when the cold war ended and it only continues to exist because the american economy is driven by arms manuf

union because moscow was in europe now they're looking to india and they're looking to. and so the state of vietnam for instance which is a communist state wants the u.s. fleet to be in its waters to basically protect it against china and therefore the americans can't do everything so therefore they will see europe if you like as a staging post as a place to gather intelligence as a place of people who can advise and so on but not many troops will be stationed in europe because you don't need them you love people in europe but gradually they will come around to the view that india is their friend and india would like to see china contained so therefore south east south asia and south east asian east asia those are the areas of the future if you look ten years ahead. europe will perhaps be of minor importance but again as a staging post as a place we gather intelligence but no longer of great military significance or strategic importance to the united states ok eager pretty much know where you stand on things does nato need russia more than russia needs nato because we se

either russia or the soviet union to visit those islands and one of the reasons why russian and soviet leaders have been so reluctant to venture into that part of the country is because they didn't want to crave the attention of neighboring japan but we should be there sad as it was extremely important it was incumbent on him to do so to stress the strategic importance all of this region and also to allow people who believe in the real audience to know that russia hasn't forgotten about them now he first voiced our doubt idea of a visit to the stop in korea lot of about a month ago but back bad bad weather prevented him from doing so and immediately after that news broke out we heard this statement from the japanese foreign ministry saying that he should really do so and. indeed proceed to be a few supplies that would seriously damage relations between the two countries now cease to see this really you need say the russian diplomats who retorted that it was essentially not part of japan's business and make sure that if asked the president was free to travel to any part of russia at any

at the bolshevik revolution and now since the end of the soviet union since the fall of soviet union and the rise of the russian federation it's become a different holiday entirely now the unity day holiday as it's now called is being called since two thousand and five is really looking to bring together the bring together russia's past with the presentation and we've seen events happening just behind me in the kremlin already today eighty two of the size just dust. and i come from the old church that was hidden away by the by the so it during the soviet times it's now being unveiled by really heads of the e.k.g. off the heads of the older adults to achieve in russia. that's the o.j. could try to place the one of the kremlin it's also been quite a. bit of. living family members of people who fought on both sides of the ocean civil war so the whites only of the reds only those members of those families that are alive today. would do the issues that was basically told it's going to paul it's in the early part of the twentieth century. quite a history right peter all of our following un

forty years ago the soviet union paved the way for today's satellites shuttles and space tourists with its revolutionary movements. twenty four hour news from russia and from around the world this is r.t. here in moscow good to have you with us russian businessman victim has gone before a u.s. federal court for the first time just a day after being extradited from thailand during a brief appearance he was told the list of charges he is facing the merchant of death for allegedly trafficking weapons around the world who go on trial over allegations he terrorists says the decision to hand him over to the u.s. is extreme justice and promised to support him by all means but he is being held in a high security prison in new york from where marina portnoy joins me live now so what happened when boot faced the court today. well bill it was a very quick procedure as you mentioned victor boot was taken before a federal judge in lower manhattan where he pled not guilty to all the charges against him charges placed by u.s. officials by the u.s. attorney in this other just of new york and now he is

and forty years ago the soviet union paved the way for today's satellites shuttles and space tourists with its revolutionary luda tanks. with twenty four hour news from russia and from around the world this is r.t. in moscow good to have you with this russian businessman vic to boot has gone before us federal court for the first time just a day off to be extradited from thailand during a brief appearance he was told the list of charges he's facing dubbed the merchant of death for allegedly trafficking weapons around the world will go on trial of allegations he on terrorists moscow says the decision to hand him over to the u.s. is extreme just in justice and promise to support him by means which is being held in a high security prison in you you were reporting on brings us the latest. we know the russian businessman will also be appearing before a judge at one pm new york city time as you mentioned he's being held at a federal prison the metropolitan correctional center in lower manhattan where several suspects terrorism suspects have been held in years past following the september ele

history and of course for decades the soviet union denied any responsibility in this heinous crime blaming instead of the hauen nazi troops and that believes and was held up for decades until russia in the early one nine hundred ninety s. finally admitted responsibility for those murders and. then the process of healing the whole process of healing actually started very slowly but after that various documents were released from the russian state archives pertaining to the master crow were various orders could be seen issued by. himself where he ordered the execution of all of the polish prisoners that were captured during the. second world war or the great patriotic war as it is known here in russia only recently were all of the archives related to this tragedy released and could be declassified from top secret handed over to our side because of the colors of the highly we will make. why. was i want to reassure her relations with russia and holloway and. or of course this was already accepted as out the fall of the hotel harry and regime that was in place in the soviet union this today's d

union or he went spawning as the soviet union for the british because he wanted to bring on the bolshevik regime, and that gradually populated of his activities to such an extent that he was blinded to the necessities of intelligence gathering, and the bigger picture and began, as it were, mixing politics and intelligence with, in his case, fatal consequences as precisely the trust that lured him through. and there was -- this was one of the unfortunate -- there was a sis man in the baltic who rather encouraged him he slightly detached with the brits at this stage when he comes back, but he comes back and seized some of his old pals and mi6 and mrs. okay it's probably safe for you to go into the soviet union at this particular moment, and he never came back, so the trust is an example of a very successful so the operation against patrician by mi6, to which mi6 did not succeed at that moment. >> he was not really acting on the central sis orders. >> c2 >> said he was not really acting on a central sis orders from london. in the final period as a spy. >> he was flying so low. >> during fi i

. >> this woman growth in ukraine at the time of the soviet union, where religion was taboo. her parents took her to the synagogue for the first time when she was 13. >> on the one hand, it was the first time and gained access to the language and religion. on the other hand, it was something natural. i knew i belonged there. >> eight years ago, she came to germany to be trained as a rabbi. she studied at a college in berlin. she is the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi in germany nce 1935. >> it is important me that jews in germany develop a positive i did in a, not something related to persecution and the holocaust but a positive identity. >> she will become a rabbi for jewish communities in lower saxony. as in many other places in germany, the jewish community there is primarily composed of immigrants from the former soviet union. >> i have the linguistic tools to reach people and key medicate jewish religious content in a more understandable way -- and communicate jewish religious content any more understandable way. >> she says that her new congregation likes to sing,

for decades ago the soviet union guided tanks into ball between explore the lunar surface a revolution in space. good news for russia's twenty eighteen feet for world cup bid with the governing body releasing its latest report on wednesday you can find out more in sport in around thirty minutes from now. britain says it's ready to help debt hit and with billions of pounds of direct loans at a meeting of european finance ministers chancellor george osborne says it's in britain's interest to support their closest neighbor the meeting comes amid fresh market turmoil and fears that some smaller economies like portugal and ireland aren't able to service their massive debts the president warned the eurozone is actually facing a fight to survive and even though on and so far rejected any help no leyland a london based investor says he may have little turnitin to take the money. in a position of much choice because clearly it's a sort of rock and a hard place scenario and the short term expediency of bail out so it's better than. the immediate reactions of the situation but just you know you w

he added that he does not understand the reason why the soviet union signed such a declaration. maehara opposed lavrov's idea and emphasized the need to sign a peace treaty and have all four islands returned to japan. >>> japan and mongolia are expected to agree to upgrade bilateral ties to what is being called a strategic relationship that would cover a broader range of cooperation from economics to security. it would be the sail level as japan's relationship withas ind. mongolian president tsakhiaglin elbegdorj is now visiting japan and is expected to meet prime minister naoto kan on friday evening. the two leaders are expected to discuss the joint development of abundant rare earth metal resources in mongolia using japanese technological support. this comes after china imposed restrictions on shipments of the special metals to japan. the two leaders are also expected to confirm on an economic partnership agreement to promote bilateral free trade, which has been under discussion since june. >>> following recent diplomatic difficulties with china and russia, kan also wants to e