jennifer hunt is not here, but there's a heavy caveat, again, on admission. policy is a screening mechanism. it's a big difference in earning outcomes for migrants. policy matters. i'll skip the rate question. >> peggy had interesting questions in terms of numbers. if we kind of gave every foreign student who got a ph.d. in a stem field an automatic green card, would that overrun the system? i guess i would argue that, you know, when you break down the number of foreign students who are here today, you know, you're taking out the undergraduates, the graduate students in nonstem fields, and then taking out the people who drop out along the way. i think the nirms do start to -- numbering start to drop. still, a big number, you know, we don't have the best device for picking, you know, who is going to be the one starting google or an equivalent type of company, and so, you need to admit numbers sufficient to raise the probability of actually being able to find those people and keep them here, so the spirit of that proposal is basically designed to expand the fie

jennifer hunt at miguel university. >> thank you very much. i'm going to returned to the topic of skilled immigrants and innovation, and i'll talk a little bit about entrepreneurship as well. i'm going to begin before telling you the results of my own research. how would we, in fact, expect skilled immigration to increase innovation. why do we care about innovation? it increases productivity growth which is the driver of economic growth. why would skilled immigrants help this? now one thing i want you to think about is the one way it might help is by making the population bigger. if ideas can be spread over as many people that you like, the more people that you have, the more ideas that you are likely to pop up and richer per capita the country will be. the thing that we usually think about on the other hand is that immigrants, methemes, be more innovative than the native born. an alternative which is perhaps slightly less talked about, perhaps they are not more innovation, but better at some skill like entrepreneurship. why would skilled immi

jennifer hunt is not a. that is a heavy caveat i, again, class of admission. so it gets back to policy. policy is a screening mechanism and a class of admission, there's a big difference in earning outcomes for immigrants. policy matters. >> peggy had a couple of interesting questions just in terms of numbers. and if we kind of gave everybody, every foreign student had a ph.d and a s.t.e.m. field and automatic green card, would that just overrun the system. .. landau's people and keep them here. the spirit of that proposal is designed to expand the field beyond what we have today because today we are at the opposite end of the spectrum where there are so few who have an opportunity to stay here unless they already have found a job and are able to qualify for a visa through their employer and on the zero some pretty train, it becomes zero sum game if we stick with the current number in terms of the visas either permanent or temporary that we provide. in that situation there is tension between the high skill and low skill area. if we ever reach the area where we