president olague: thank you. those are the only speaker cards we located for seniors so we'll start calling all others. david mechanicel, bob kaplan, mark mitchell. followed by stanley seyfried. >> thank you, president olague and members of the planning commission. my name is david mechanicel. i'm the director of research and planning at the california college of the arts where i founded san francisco's first professional architecture program 25 years ago. my expertise is in city planning, urban design and architecture. in my professional opinion the cpmc architecture design and public realm improvement work is smart, sustainable and urban ifert lickly sophisticated. if it's hospital beds were transit and people are located and does so in a way that enhances street scrapes, roof tops and solar access to surrounding properties. the long range plan places scales appropriately to the surrounding urban context to pacific heights, the triangle and district neighborhoods while concentrating the highest concentration of

president olague: thank you. >> good afternoon> >olague and commissioners. i like to start by saying something i find remarkable, and i have worked with children for years, preschool, danny. -- preschools ,nan, nany. i have never felt more involved than i have with these guys. it extends to our patrons, neighbors, friends. they have managed to take this sketchy bark and turn it into a living room where everybody feels safe to get together and hang out. it extends even further than that. these guys are extreme advocates for their community. they sell brownies to send kids to camp, pick up trash in their free time, and these guys to a huge chance on me. i did not have any experience, and they patiently taught me a skill. they patiently taught me how to do this job that i was completely not qualified for, and i think that is pretty incredible, and thank you. they took a chance on me and i would like to take a chance on us. you will be disappointed. thank you. -- you will not be disappointed. thank you. >> good afternoon, commissioners. my name is matthew. i am

commissioner olague. aye. that motion passed on a 4-3 vote with commissioners fong, moore and miguel voting against. the item is continued to july 7. commissioners, you are on -- president olague: we are going to continue to move through items along i guess because still pending -- yeah. let's go ahead and take the nine and 10 now then. if they're finally ready. >> then we're going back on your calendar to numbers nine and 10. case 2011.402-t. the fee revisions and adjustments per the planning code. yes. amendments to the planning code. and item number 10, case number 2011.0427-p, revision and adjustments per the administrative code. >> good afternoon, president olague, commissioners. my name is keith demartini and i'm the finance manager with the planning department and my pleasure to present fee changes for the upcoming budget or fiscal year 2011-12 and i have a presentation. >> i don't think the commission has met you before. is that right? >> no, you have not. >> my apologies. that is my mistake, my bad. d

president olague: thank you. you can start coming up to the mic. >> i'm within a 300-foot radius so i got a notice a few wiecks ago -- weeks ago. basically our neighborhood is marginal. we had tons of burglaries, all kinds of crimes. the proposal i got from mr. wang really emphasized this is for the neighborhood and neighborhood needs us and it will serve people mostly in the neighborhood, maybe provide a few jobs for people in the neighborhoods but i don't feel our neighborhood needs a massage place and i don't think we can support it. i think this kind of business no matter where it's located, as you can see, it didn't even do very well in a mall. how is it going to do well in a place where there's virtually no foot traffic? if you check out that block of mission, which is around the corner from where i live, there's and so he would have to reach out. he would have to advertise to areas outside of the neighborhood to bring clients in. if it was really that worthy of people wanting to take muni, that would surpr

entleman president olague: project sponsontleman president olague: project sponsotleman president olague: project sponsor?leman president olague: project sponsoeman president olague: project sponsoman president olague: project sponsoan president olague: project sponsor?n president olague: project sponso president olague: project sponsor?president olague: proje sponsor? >> if i can get the overhead. 16 years is a long time. we are all recognizing the fact that the sinkhole was pretty traumatic and a pretty amazing event to happen to this neighborhood and the people lost their home and to my clients who have been basically living there since then. a huge amount of history and facts. we have done our best to summarize where we think it start and where we are today. we don't have a huge amount of time given the process here. we believe that the d.b.i. process and abatement process is essentially over. the abatement order should have been recorded. we are here with what the city family starting with d.b.i. ordered us to do, bring a permit and work with the staff and i want to thank the staff.

president olague: thank you. >> i have a restaurant in the city of san francisco and i am for this project because i believe san francisco is a world class city and we need to have desce decent broadband coverage for everyone including the tourist and the business people that are happening in certain spots. we all have cell phones and i am pretty sure that 99% of people have cell phones and it is always a very, very discouraging thing when you have a service that drops a call. and so to be fair, everyone should have enough coverage to make sure that the business works well. and my customers depend on that and we like the one just talked about and text messaging is a way of life and my employees live somewhere there, too. i need to call them up and find out if they are able to work or so no one is having a home phone and that becomes our home and i believe full coverage is essential. that will raise the quality of life and also raise the status of the city of san francisco as a world class city. thank you. preside

president olague: thank you. >> good evening, president olague and commissioners. my name is lance bayer and i'm a san francisco resident and i am speaking on behalf of the concordia argonaut board of directors. the concordia argonaut club is located on van ness and post directly across from the proposed hospital site and directly across from the proposed medical office building. the concordia argonaut board of directors strongly supports the proposal by cpmc to build the van ness facility. the cpmc project provides a unique opportunity for improvements in a neighborhood that is badly in need of revitalization. we are particularly impressed with the proposal for retail shops on the street level and a significant improvement over the existing cathedral hill streetscape which involves the entrances to the former parking lot of the hotel. the plan provides for continuity of street scape that will allow for movement of pedestrian traffic and residents down van ness and throughout the neighborhood in a way that will be enhanced and most importantly cpmc has made serious

>> aye. >> commissioner olague? >> no. >> that motion passes on a 4-3 vote with commissioners moore, sugaya and olague voting against. thank you, commissioners. commissioners, you are now on item number seven, consideration of adoption draft minutes from special meeting on april 21 and your regular meeting on april 28, 2011. following any public comment and any modifications or changes you may have, we do have that -- ask that you approve the draft minutes. president olague: any public comment on this item? seeing none, public comments is closed. commissioner miguel. vice-president miguel: move to approve the minutes of the special meeting of april 21 and the regular meeting of april 28. >> second. >> commissioners, on the moogs for approval. commissioner ants nene? >> aye. >> missioner borden? >> aye. >> commissioner fong? >> aye. >> commissioner borden? >> aye. >> commissioner sugaya? >> aye. >> commissioner miguel? >> aye. >> commissioner o'lag yay? >> aye. >> the minutes are approved. any other commission matter

>> aye. >> commissioner olague? >> aye. >> thank you, commissioners the motion is approved unanimously. president olague: and we will be taking recess until five after 5:00. >> a 15-minute recess. thank you.

president olague: thank you. >> thank you, president olague and members of the planning commission, for the opportunity to speak here tonight. my name is jason and i'm the director be manning and development for the department be veterans affairs, the v.a. palo alto health system. we encompass 10 sites of care including three inpatient facilities and seven outpatient facilities. one of our highest priorities is to provide a safe and modern environment to care for america's veterans. we plan to invest over $1.5 billion to replace buildings to ensure that in the se -- event of a seismic event safe facilities are available. hospitals must meet seismic standards. recent studies indicate there say 62% of a magnitude 6.7 or higher earthquake occurring in the bay area over the next 30 years. we must remain vigilant. i have independently concluded that this plan to replace seismically deficient aging facilities is a reasonable and perhaps one -- once in a lifetime opportunity. this proposal in my professional opinion is

commission president olague: thank you. >> thank you. commission president olague: thank you for your work on this. we plan to have the tears of the -- chairs of the cac present before us. is there any general public comment on this item? seeing none, public comment is closed. i commend you for your diligence. i have a hopefully easy question for you. is this on the web so that people tenderly immediately see how it applies to them? it is a great tool. it would be digitized by district and anybody that doesn't want to keep all of this paper could immediately see how it works. >> part of the consolidation was the department of building inspection. in the project sponsor that is thinking about doing a project can go to them and figure out which are applied. we're using our web site in the department of building inspections website to make that information available to all project sponsor. commissioner moore: including explain the rules? >> of these reports are also on line as well. commissioner antonini: think you for a very good report. a

president olague: yes. [unintelligible] me and commissioner fong attended a brown bag lunch that was very well attended, and it is interesting, the results. in the conversation, the idea of manufacturing came up, according to the census at least -- a high percentage of those jobs from here in the city. at the same time, i think there is an effort to retain those jobs and that type of business here in the city. so, this is a non-profit called sf made, and at the end of the month, they are going to be touring some of these local factories and that sort of thing, breweries, people who make garments and this kind of thing. that is the name of the group of people are interested. i think the june to july, we will be having a talk on local manufacturing. it is not something we should rule out on the talk about job creation and some of the other types of industry coming in. it seems to me there is still a lot of vibrancy and potential in manufacturing. commissioner borden? commissioner borden: your comments reminde

president olague: thank you. >> good evening, president olague and commissioners. my name is lance bayer and i'm a san francisco resident and i am sin

commission president olague: thank you. >> thank you. commission president olague: thank you for your work on this. we plan to have the tears of the -- chairs of the cac present before us. is there any general public comment on this item? seeing none, public comment is closed. i commend you for your diligence. i have a hopefully easy question for you. is this on the web so that people tenderly immediately see how it applies to them? it is a great tool. it would be digitized by district and anybody that doesn't want to keep all of this paper could immediately see how it works. >> part of the consolidation was the department of building inspection. in the project sponsor that is in

president olague: great. commissioners, the motion on the floor is for approval with conditions and added note to include the agreement has been reached between the two parties. commissioner antonini? >> aye >> commission are borden? >> aye. >> commissioner fong? >> aye. >> commissioner moore? >> aye. >> commissioner sugaya? >> aye. >> commissioner olague? >> aye. >> thank you, commissioners. that item passed unanimously. we're going to 12 now. commissioners, we will continue on with item number 12. case number 2010.1028-c for 2141 mission street. just leave them there. i will get them. thank you. >> good afternoon, president olague. members of the planning commission. department staff presents the condition use application for proposed massage use at 4124 mission street, within the nc-2 zoning district. currently the subject commercial space is on the ground floor. it is a vacant commercial store front. contains about approximately 760 square feet and it is one open space, according to the proposed plan. the

>> aye. >> commissioner olague? >> aye. >> thank you, commissioners the motion is approved unanimously. president olague: and we will be taking recess until five after 5:00. >> a 15-minute recess. thank you. i think as you hear everyone speak it will be revealed that delaying is the basis of of what they would like. we are doing a basement renovation, completely in the interior of our home, he's upset about our garbage, which is a d.p.w. matter. so i don't know -- delaying is his way of strong arming us. i'd like you to recognize that. thank you. >> thank you. >> good afternoon, commissioners. harlan coffman. the reason for continuance is because this project was drawn with a number of omissions in the project plans. the permit application there's certain things that may be incorrect about it and it's been referred to the department of building inspect so they can look into these issues and do a thorough investigation of them. there is six issues that i had outlined that the chief inspector had asked me to provide,

president olague: project sponsor? >> good afternoon, president olague and members of the commission. i am represents the project sponsor. as aaron described to you, the project before you today proposes to merge two small single story mid block cottages that are currently locate on two separate lots in a block bounded by bush, pine, scott, and pierce streets. these are the only midblock lots in this block. tlot line adjustment application is currently pending. these cottages are unique that they are locate on undersized midblock lots that have no street frontage and are not visible from the public right-of-way. they are accessible only through an easement with a single family property at 2454 bush street which grants access through a breezeway to the two properties behind it if small, flat front italian cottages are single story with wood siding and wood sash double hung windows at the front facade. the interior finishes are undeck ratted over lap and plaster walls and ceilings and the appliances are modest, older, an

president olague: thank you. is there any additional public comment in support of the d.r. requester? >> i am mark leach and i live in long beach and i am here and have a cell phone. anybody who doesn't have a cell phone raise your hand? >> are you hear to speak for the d.r. requester? it was a d.r. request and we're hearing from the d.r. requester at this time. >> that is the person who is opposed to the project. >> no, i am on -- president olague: i wasn't of that impression. is there any additional public comment for speaker who is support the discretionary review requester? seeing none, project sponsor. >> good afternoon, commissioners. here to speak on behalf of t-mobile and i wanted to show you a quick photograph if we could. this is taken from above grant avenue a little bit and the mock-up of the antenna is here and i don't know if you can see it among the existing rooftop and it blends pretty well, i think. and it is only one antenna and only 5 feet tall and a 10-inch full vent structure that is designed

president olague: any additional public comment? public comment is closed. >> you're beginning your regular calendar. commissioners, you are on item number seven. [talking over each other. ] >> i just wanted to note that this case has an associated variants as well. any action on the environmental review will have to come first. >> good afternoon, president olague. >> would you like me to call 7 and 8? >> yes, please. >> we've called item 7, next is item 8. >> good afternoon, president olague and members of the commission. the item before you is an appeal for the preliminary declaration for the proposed development at 1255 columbus avenue, case number 2008. to analyze the potential impact of approximately 16,000 square feet, built in 1954, and construction of the mixed use building. the proposed new building will include residential units, 6200 square feet. the proposed parking garage would be accessed from columbus avenue. we sent a package containing an executive summary, appeal letter, and planning department responses. the issue

president olague: thank you. if you start talking, it will come up. >> i'm a writer and design editor that has written about buildings for 20 years in the bay area. i know this building quite well that george lives in and i understand the kind of light and air he is referring to. the most remarkable about the 1890's cannotages that define the quality of this lot, the most modern interventions haven't disturbed their traditional look and one reason is that the existing buildings have been preserved and no four-story flats have disturbed that. 309 is the last east-west oriented lot left unchanged and as you know, the height of this building will cause a very large shadow on a garden and will destroy the light in the rooms there that i have been in. change is inevitable. but what is being proposed does not protect the neighborhood character and the properties to be so fruitful. take george's house at 313 eureka. instead of adding a fourth floor renovation, took advantage of the downsloping lot and that is exactly wh

president olague: thank you. >> good evening. my name is paul and i'm a candidate for mayor of san francisco in november of 2011 and i speak on behalf of the citizens of the state of california and object to the whole proceedings where the e.i.r. is being accepted or certified for acceptance, when the property and the title of the treasure island belongs to the people of the state of california, not the u.s. navy. it was not the navy's to sell for $110 million and it's not private developers to develop. this is privatization of the public commons and i object to it. the value of one piece of property at 110 embark darrow is $6 million without any development. that's lands value alone. if you extrapolate that to treasure island, the property is worth $20 billion, that's b as in billion, 100,000 million. $6,000 million dollars. we sold this or allegedly tried to sell it to lenar for $110 million. this is a rip-off. the ownership issue has not been settled. title has not cleared. the privatization of our commons is something that is

president olague: thank you. we'll open it up for public comment. we have a reasonable comidations request. there were a group of seniors. i -- we have to honor that request. i don't know if they're in the overflow room. is there an overflow room? or are they outside? >> i don't know. they came in earlier but i don't -- president olague: we'll just come -- double check to make sure they're not here somewhere. and then i believe we had a 10-minute block of time request from the good neighbors coalition. so they would be the first to speak. i don't know if they're in the room or -- >> hi. president olague: we'll let you prepare. do you need to set up or anything or are you ready to go? >> no. we're ready to go. president olague: and you'll all have 10-minute blocks so if you want to come up and stand behind the speaker, that's fine. >> good evening. my name is bettina and i'm a community organizer with central service collaborative -- president olague: if you can move the mike closer. >> oh, i'm sorry. i'm a commun

president olague: thank you. project sponsor? >> good afternoon, president olague and planning commissioners. thank you for your time today. my name is lori martin, and i am here with my business partner. we are the owners of koko cocktails. we are here today to request the additional bridge a conditional use authorization for 1423 polk street so we can transfer our license. because of the california pacific medical center project, we need to relocate to survive. we're the last business left on our current block, as all other businesses have closed, and our time is running out. we took over koko cocktails in 2007. the old business was known for drug, violence, and gangs. through our passion and hard work we have turned it into a well respected small business with a spotless record with the san francisco police department and the abc. we support nine people and three children. it is the only business that we own and our only source of income. san francisco need responsible businesses that contribute to the local economy and provid

president olague: thank you. fy comments. i have known of laurie since before the bar was open. i've been a patron and friend of the bar since it has been open. i live at california and leavenworth. it's a very safe bar. i have seen people drunk i have seen people falling down, i've seen violence at elegant but that never came up to koko's. it's a very safe block. i've seen people look around and walk back out. the owners are able to curate a crowd that fosters safety and a sense of community and i welcome them at their new location. thank you. president olague: thank you. is there additional public comment? >> good evening. i'm a resident and the owner of a business on pollock's street. i have three young kids, a 5 -- on polka street. i have three young kids. i would be more than happy to move next to the new location. i would be glad to move next to the current location. if you are familiar with the current location, it was a bad area and now it's much safer than before. i have a father-in-law lives with me who

president olague: i did speak with committee members. i am not sure how we're supposed to a knowledge people that were in office before, but he is interested in engaging in some of these conversations as some of these other members of the public as well. i am grateful you will be engaged with our staff and seeing that those conversations occurred. love is the calendar with your commission? >> it will be calendared. president olague: hopefully, it will happen before august or whenever it is. >> i will let this that know when it will be before our commission. president olague: a couple of speaker cards. >> good afternoon, commissioners. that might fit more in the context following the presentation. we looked at what we thought was the original presentation and the changes in restaurant definitions with alcohol licenses. i would like to have more discussion before it goes forward. i like to raise the issue that for the pacific heights residents' association, the option 1 c.u. is very important. there is a presumption that the use of all alc

president olague: i would like to open up for public comment. we will limit it to two minutes today. do we have a speaker card? yes? david? >> good afternoon, everybody. and key for this opportunity for me to say a couple of comments. i used to live in that district a couple years there was this co install these antenna of a church. a couple of the community leaders organize people to oppose this installation. coming from a community organizing background myself, i was supportive because i believe it is the right thing to do. their reason was that it was a health hazard to have at the above the building. a couple years later, right now, after being more educated, i began to realize this thing about the antenna being hazardous, and dangerous to health, it is nonsense. it is in people's heads. research showed there was evidence that it hurts people. experts approve its. anything about health hazards is just in people's mind. by allowing the antenna to be installed in buildings, everybody wins. a company wins. the building owner wins. the neighbors

president olague: good evening. this is a special joint hearing between the san francisco planning commission and the treasure island authority board. before i take roll, if i can just ask everyone to turn off your cell phones, any pagers, any computers, anything that may sound off during these proceedings, we would very much appreciate it. roll call for the planning commission. president christina olague. >> here. >> vice president ron miguel. >> here. >> antonini. >> here. >> borden? >> here. >> kathrin moore? >> here. >> and mr. sugaya. >> here. >> president claudine cheng. >> here. >> larry del carlo. >> present. >> john elberling. larry mazzolla. linda richardson and honorable jane kim is not seated tonight. thank you. commissioners, the first category on this joint agenda is public comment on agenda items where the public hearing is closed. and that's an opportunity for the public to speak prior to the certification or the commission's consideration of the certification of the final environmental impact report

president olague: commissioner moore? commissioner moore: and to the music-playing students who are going out this summer, good luck and at that age i went and did the same and it was amazing. secretary avery: commissioners t motion on the floor is to approve. that motion passes you unanimously. [cheering] . secretary avery: okay, commissioners. we are still in session to item 10a and b. 10a is a mandatory discretionary review and 10b is the request for noncompliance structure variances. as you consider the mandatory d.r., the design administrator will hear the variance request. >> good afternoon, president olague and members of the commission. the case is a discretionary review with planning code session 317 to allow the merger of two units into one. the proposal includes two lots located in the middle of a block bound by scott, pierce, push, and pine street with access to bush street by an easement. the project includes merging the two lots into one and a horizontal addition between the two structures and a 4 foot long

president olague: can you hear me? this is the regular meeting of the san francisco planning commission for may 26, 2011. before i take roll and remind you to turn off your cell phones, let me announce that sfgtv is currently broadcasting the budget commission, so the committee will come to us once that concludes. and again, turn off your cell phones, your pagers, any electronic devices that may sound off during the proceedings. roll call. commissioner kathrin moore is here. commissioner sugaya is expected. commissioner rodney fong. >> here. >> commissioner mike antonini. >> here. >> commissioner ron miguel. >> here. >> thank you, commissioners. first category on calendar -- i think i've adjusted it too high. >> items proposed for continuance. item one, standards for safe buildings. proposed to continue to july 14, 2011. item two, case number 2011.0051 c, california street, being proposed for a continuance to july 28, 2011. item number three, case number 2010.0517 c for 3672 18th street, please note that due to recent

president olague: aye. >> the motion passed unanimously. you are now on item 16, case for 897 hyede street. >> eric hollister, department's staff. it is a request to install a wireless tel commissions facility -- telecommunications facility operated by at&t. it would consist of nine penthouse-mounted antenna is, screened from view by the privacy screen. equipment cabinets would be located in an internal storage room. according to setting guidelines -- siting guidelines, it is a preferred location. since materials were distributed, the department has received reports in support and opposition to the project. i have a couple of copies. concern was basically surrounding rf exposure. the department of public health has determined that the parameters of public exposure are met. after analyzing all aspects of the project, it appears to be desirable and compatible with the neighborhood. the wireless facility would allow expansion of the wireless network coverage, consistent with setting guidelines -- siting guidelines. when viewed from public righ

president olague: public hearing is closed. commissioner sugaya: this does not have to do with the project in question. i've been struggling here for the entire time since this started whether or not i should voice a potential conflict of interest. it doesn't have to do with the project sponsor so i'm not quite sure if it is a conflict or not. but it has to do with the d.r. requester. and mr. howser's firm hired a company a number of years ago to perform his historic resource evaluation on the strand theater and that was a number of years ago. it turned out not to be a good situation, i won't reveal what that situation is because it's somewhat irrelevant to the public, but i think i feel that i can continue on and have an objective opinion about this unless commissioners feel that i should recuse myself. all right, thank you. commissioner antonini: this is a hard one, definitely. the one thing in trying to judge the height accurately is really difficult. i've been looking at the pictures over there and there is quite a differen

[applause] president olague: good evening. this is a special joint hearing between the san francisco planning commission and the treasure island authority board. before i take roll, if i can just ask everyone to turn off your cell phones, any pagers, any computers, anything that may sound off during these proceedings, we would very much appreciate it. roll call for the planning commission. president christina olague. >> here. >> vice president ron miguel. >> here. >> antonini. >> here. >> borden? >> here. >> kathrin moore? >> here. >> and mr. sugaya. >> here. >> president claudine cheng. >> here. >> larry del carlo. >> present. >> john elberling. larry mazzolla. linda richardson and honorable jane kim is not seated tonight. thank you. commissioners, the first category on this joint agenda is public comment on agenda items where the public hearing is closed. and that's an opportunity for the public to speak prior to the certification or the commission's consideration of the certification of the final environmental impact report

president olague: commissioner sugaya. commissioner sugaya: if the project sponsor followed the rules in the first place we wouldn't be here 13 years later. so, there were approved plans as has been noted that took place way back then and then a series of things happened. i have to agree with mrs. hester on that. i'm not here to approve something that should have been properly vetted in an entirely different way. it just seems like kind of deja vu cases that came before us, the board of appeals had similar kinds of issues. those were appeals from building permits. one series after another of permits would be -- let me put it this way. the first notice of violation wouldn't have happened from the building department unless one of the neighbors had complained. is that correct, mr. ionin? so we have a situation where if no neighbors had complained in this situation the present condition of this house would remain. so it depended on a community to sort of figure out what was going on, that it wasn't in conformance with the ori

president olague: project sponsor? >> the afternoon, president olague. we pretty much agree with what the planning department has done. our only contention is based on the situation. it is a need based plea we are making here. obviously, the gentleman. it was actually three units. the entire floor area is 1100 square feet. they pulled back the building so the home they would not have an imposing aura over the other buildings in the neighborhood. what we're saying is, to build within that area, not going any further than the existing building, they can provide a two-bedroom units for this family. and obviously, we have a 1100 square feet. what they are proposing and what the planning department wants to do, 325 feet. for only two bedrooms, the family members, we want to end up with 700 and something. we are ready for any design review. but to do this will be punishing these families. they can't wait to come in there. they are arranging a one-bedroom apartment. let me show you. this is the area they want to remove. if they removed and feet from the rear, t

olague r commissioner moore? commissioner moore: i just wanted to comment on the building it and i think it does a lot of skillful things from diven shating the building to the -- of differentiating the streets and being in the vernacular and it's a larger building and still breaks the building down into the different building expressions and very much like stepping down and transitions to the lower buildings and i do not have any suggested modifications to the contrary and would like to differ from commissioner antonini's observations that this building in it has the design which speaks to a complete thinking it through and i don't think any xhept we make by tweaking it here and there would make it a better building as it stands as it is. i am in support of it. as it is proposed. president olague: commissioner sugaya. commissioner sugaya: i would like to acknowledge the leter from liberty hill neighborhood association and intreing they gave their full support knowing they had raised some vigorous opposition to a