jim crow no longer wears a white sheet. jim crow no longer rides in a buggy. jim crow now is in a $3,000 suit driving a mercedes benz. the tactics to keep oppressed has changed. they no longer beat you over the head with a stick. they beat you over the head with legislation. >> it is not harder for a black man to vote than it is for a white man to vote. we all can walk down to the polls together and cast our ballot. it's that simple. >> reporter: if you all have a photo id. >> well, and the point being is that it is an equal burden on a white man to get an id than it is on a black man to get an id. >> reporter: that may not be quite accurate, but there is little chance that the south carolina legislature will amend the voter id law unless the justice department finds that a significant number of south carolinians will be deprived of the right to vote. for "religion and ethics newsweekly," i'm lucky severson in columbia, south carolina. >>> president obama this week unveiled his proposed $3.8 trillion budget for 2013. the president said his budget was a reflect

jim crow no longer wears a white sheet. jim crow no longer rides in a buggy. jim crow now is in a $3,000 suit driving a mercedes benz. the tactics to keep oppressed has changed. they no longer beat you over the head with a stick. they beat you over the head with legislation. >> it is not harder for a black man to vote than it is for a white man to vote. we all can walk down to the polls together and cast our ballot. it's that simple. >> reporter: if you all have a photo id. >> well, and the point being is that it is an equal burden on a white man to get an id than it is on a black man to get an id. >> reporter: that may not be quite accurate, but there is little chance that the south carolina legislature will amend the voter id law unless the justice department finds that a significant number of south carolinians will be deprived of the right to vote. for "religion and ethics newsweekly," i'm lucky severson in columbia, south carolina. >>> president obama this we unveilehis proposed $3.8 trilon budget for 2013. the president said his budget was a reflection of

that's how they see jim crow. jim crow is such a violent act on black people that it distorts their whole personality. for mays, if there's going to be a god, god has to enhance the human personality and the vit vitality to live. so both thurman and mays grow up in the south. thurman in florida, mays in south carolina. and thurman's grandmother always told him, you know, that god -- i'm roughly paraphrasing. did not make him a nigger. if there is some kind of god and these -- both mays's mother is the deep spiritual one and thurman's grandmother are these men's mother, there is something about the personality. so that experience comes out. they resonate to the intellectual forms but it comes out of their lives. >> the quote, luther, that you gave from thurman, the truth is in religion is in religion because it's true and is not true because it's in the religion. do i have that right? >> not true just because it is in a particular religion, yeah. >> i would guess that both mays and dr. king would agree with the quo

that's how they see jim crow. jim crow is such a violent act on black people that it distorts their whole personality. for mays, if there's going to be a god, god has to enhance the human personality and the vitality to live. so both thurman and mays grow up in the south. thurman in florida, mays in south carolina. and thurman's grandmother always told him, you know, that god -- i'm roughly paraphrasing. did not make him a nigger. if there is some kind of god and these -- both mays' mother is the deep spiritual one and thurman's grandmother are these men's mother, there is something about the personality. so that experience comes out. they resonate to the intellectual forms but it comes out of their lives. >> the quote, luther, that you gave from thurman, the truth is in religion is in religion because it's true and is not true because it's in the religion. do i have that right? >> not true just because it is in a particular religion, yeah. >> i would guess that both mays and dr. king would agree with the quote. >

that's how they see jim crow. jim crow is such a violent act on black people that it distorts their whole personality. for mays, if there's going to be a god, god has to enhance the human personality and the vitality to live. so both thurman and mays grow up in the south. thurman in florida, mays in and thurman's grandmother always told him, you know, that god -- i'm roughly paraphrasing. did not make him a nigger. if there is some kind of god and these -- both mays' mother is the deep spiritual one and thurman's grandmother are these men's mother, there is something about the personality. so that experience comes out. they resonate to the intellectual forms but it comes out of their lives. >> the quote, luther, that you gave from thurman, the truth is in religion is in religion because it's true and is not true because it's in the religion. do i have that right? >> not true just because it is in a particular religion, yeah. >> i would guess that both mays and dr. king would agree with the quote. >> yes. >> so con

victory overseas against fascism, and victory here against racism and jim crowe. and people just thought that if we won the war, then because the war had discredited racism as a national policy. the fight against hitler and fascism was a fight against racism. so racism was really sort of delegitimized during world war ii. what happened with the end of world war ii and then the onset of the cold war was it gave segregationists, it gave the white south a reason, a way of demonizing the civil rights movement, of demonizing the cause of desegregation by equating it with all of the things that they've hated and feared. communism, race mixing, you know, black music, all these things. it gave the white south sort of a new intellectual and political lease on life to justify maintaining the system of segregation because they were equating trying to -- they were equating massive resistance with the fight against communism. so they were finding common ground with the national security policy of the united states. you know, during the cold war, people, you know, would be susc

by teaching true history, which includes jim crow and slavery before it -- but before that, the first people to walk the planet and develop situation -- civilization came along the nile river valley. if we teach african history as human history, history will require that you incorporate our story and tell it the right way. [applause] >> just to say that in terms of how teaching history can make a difference to these test scores that we are also obsessed with, i had a piece of news from mississippi where the book, "putting the movement back into civil rights" -- are you familiar with that? the superintendent has agreed -- and your piece is in it, awele -- the superintendent has agreed that it be used districtwide. just this week, i was hearing that the rigor and relevance of

crow south. but today the reason i can expect to enjoy reasonably courteous service on wanted to encounter in the former confederacy is because the culture has changed to the extent most people want to deny the service anymore. and that is a process that involves the relationship between the legal intervention and political institutions and economic institutions on the ground, and the degree to which rights and legal entitlements only work in the context in which they are widely accepted. i think that's important to emphasize. the most important victory of the american civil rights movement is making the racism discredited, making it something people were ashamed of, not simply direct legal enforcement and that's going to be true in other contexts as well. >> i think what you are saying is there is an interplay in the context that its assertion shapes that cultural context and we see that playing out right now in this country and around the world where sometimes the rights this course ahead and c

during the jim crow era... in our hometown hotspot.you're watching fox 45 morning news.. all local.. all morning. ♪me and you, a little rendezvous.♪ ♪that special something that will carry you through...♪ ♪that little reward for all the things you do.♪ luscious, creamy filling, perfectly combined with our intense, slow-melting chocolate, the one and only ghirardelli squares chocolate. for all the things you do. ghirardelli. moments of timeless pleasure. --theatre morgan's production of august wilson's "jitney... a play about father-son relationships and cab service culture during the jim crow era --shirley basfield dunlap is live with the detailsson this morning's hometoww hotspot p-celebrates black history monthhand the 10th anniversary of arts center at morgan state --"jitneys" is what pittsburgh residents called african american axi drivers in the jim crow era (called gypsies in new york and hacks in baltimore)--cast incluues roscoe orman, --cast includes roscoe orman, who plaas gordon on sesame street streetyou can see you can see performances of august wi

take the example of the jim crow south. what one attempted to imagine happened is that we had a right to racial equality in a various context articulated, and that right was imposed on the jim crow south and american society changed as a result of the articulation of those rights, but what really happened was that the right changed hearts and minds, changed the hearts of the people in power, and more than just the right, but the ideal, and so culture changed, slowly particularly in the jim crow south, but today, the reason we can enjoy reasonably is not only because there's a legal right, but because there's a culture to the extent that most people don't want to deny service anymore, and that's a process that involved the relationship we need for the legal intervention and political and economic institutions on the ground. the degree to which rights and legal entitlements only work in a concept in which they're widely accepted. that's important to emphasis. the most important thing of the rights movement is making racism di

a play about father-son relationships and cab service culturr during the jim crow era--shirley basfield dunlap is live with the hometown hotspot --celebrates black history month and the 10th anniversary of the murphy fine arts center at morggn state university --"jitneys" is what pittsburgh american taxi drivers in the jim crow era (called gypsies in new york and hacks in baltimore)--cast includes roscoe orman, who plays gordon on sesame street street you can see performances of august wilson's performances of you can see performances of august wilson's "jitney" at morgan state university's "murphy fine arts center" starting tomorrow through sunday.for more information, log on to fox baltimore dot com slash morning. the magical world of disney... is coming to baltimore. baltimore.disney on ice is celebrating 100 years of magic. magic.the show is at first mariner arena february 8th- 12th .. and we want to get you inside for free. free.the 10th caller at 410-481-4545 right now wins a family four pack of tickets to the show. a feline on the field. field.((:14 please don't do anything you s

to racial equality in the various contexts it was articulated and in that right was imposed on the jim-crow south and the american society changed as a result of the articulation of the right and it's in position. but what really happened is the right change people's hearts and minds and it changed the mind of people in power in more than just the right, but the ideal, and so the culture change particularly in the jim crow south. but today the reason i can expect to enjoy the reasonably courteous service i want to encounter in the former confederacy is not only because there is a legal right but also because the culture has changed to the extent most people want to deny the service any more. and so that is a process that involves the relationship between the legal intervention and political institutions and economic institutions on the ground, and the degree to which the rights and legal entitlements only work in the context in which they are widely accepted. i think that is important to emphasize the most important victory of the american civil rights movement was making racism discredited

said david, the age of jim crow was not only the creation of aggressive southern legislature but the result of the north's long retreat from the legacies of a long war. amen to that. perhaps the most discretional era in american history, that era post 1865 in which with the politicians on both sides of the mason-dixon, african-americans were subjected once again to something like a slavery. that it seems to me is a kind of memory that needs at least the empirical realism and the rep t repentant spirit. by way we justify our ways acting toward each other. i'm not sure whether i made it within 15 minutes, joe, but that's my take on it. [ applause ] >> my pleasure and honor to introduce honorable eleanor noorton. congresswoman now in her 11th term as a congresswoman of the district of columbia is the ranking member of the house subcommittee on economic development of the buildings and emergency management. she also serves on the committee on oversight and government reform and the committee on transportation and infrastructure. the congresswoman is a tenured professor of law at georgeto

crow to what is happening in the 21st century and that has been happening? i think i was inspired by michele alexander's booke." >> it is my pleasure to say, ms. colvin, without you we would not be where we are. [applause] thank you for sharing your story, and keep telling your story because we need to know, and our children need to know, and our children's children need to know your story. and we want to thank our sponsors today. we have the san francisco unified school district. we have marked as bookstores, who will be selling this -- ms. colvin's book, written about her, by philip house. we have sponsorship from the african diaspora, and the friends of the san francisco public library. i serve as part of the african- american interest committee that helped put this program together, and i want to thank all of you for coming, and i want to thank sfgtv for taking the program today. we want to thank the department here at san francisco public library, and we are having a reception in l58, and we want to thank read your catering for providing some delicious

he said, david, the age of jim crowe was not only the creation of aggressive southern legislature but the result of the north's long retreat from the racial legacies of the war. amen to that. perhaps the most disgrace approximately era in american history that i know anything about is that era post 1865 in which with the connives and, african-americans were subjected once again to something like a slavery. that is seems to me is the kind of memory that needs at least the empirical realism and the repent ent spirit that would become those of us who think history is not only important in theory but is, in effect, practical way by which we would justify our ways of acting toward each other. i'm not sure whether i made it within 15 minutes, joe, but that's my take on it. [ applause ] >>s my pleasure and honor to introduce honorable eleanor holmes norton, congresswoman now in her 11th term as a congresswoman of the district of columbia, is the ranking member of the house subcommittee on economic development of buildings and emergency management and serves offer the committee of transportat

built large, series, shops where workers could buy what they needed and very reminiscent of jim crow in the u.s. where big sign on the entrances, gold versus silver. in that way that sense of segregation and a kind of privilege -- class pillage dominated. >> host: how many died building the canal? >> guest: statistics on that are tough to come up with. i think during the u.s. period the statistics are about 2,000 workers. historians who study the subject believe the mortality rate was quite a bit higher and of course the mortality rate and the injury rate was also very raise specific. the injuries and deaths were much more likely to be among the west indian groups. there was a sense that if you were a west indian worker and you finished your time on the construction without having a major injury or major illness you were a very lucky man indeed. there is one of the things i found in the legal records of the canal, stories of injured west indians who went to the courts to try to get payment for their injury. there was a sad story of a man who lost an eye. his name was isaac mckenzie,

this still was the jim crow era, although the end of the jim crow era. of course the civil rights movement had generated a lot of hostility and violence in the south especially in 1961 during freedom riders going through alabama and mississippi. i began to think twice about whether i wanted to go down and spend six months or a year in alabama county court houses and the state archives driving around the state with a car with a northern license plate during those years. but more important in the decision, a fairly important decision i made was the context of the civil rights movement with northern activists, black and white traveling through the south trying to bring about change in race relations in the

said david, the age of jim crow was not only the creation of aggressive southern legislature, but the result of the north's long retreat from the racial legacies of the war. amen to that. perhaps the most disgraceful era in american history that i know anything about is that era post 1865 in which with the connivance of politicians on both sides ofmason-dixon, african-americans were subjected again to something like a slavery. that it seems to me is a kind of memory that needs at least the imperical realism and repennant spirit that would become those of us who think history is not only important in theory but is in effect practical way by which we justify our ways of acting toward each other. i'm not sure whether i'm leaving within 15 minutes, joe, but that's my take on it. [ applause ] >>> it's my pleasure and honor to introduce the honorable norton, congresswoman now in her 11th term as a congresswoman from the district of columbia, ranking member of the house subcommittee of the buildings and emergency management. she also serves on the committee on oversight and government reform

this still was the jim crow era, although the end of the jim crow era. of course the civil rights movement had generated a lot of hostility and violence in the south especially in 1961 during freedom riders going through alabama and mississippi. i began to think twice about whether i wanted to go down and spend six months or a year in alabama county court houses and the state archives driving around the state with a car with a northern license plate during those years. but more important in the decision, a fairly important decision i made was the context of the civil rights movement with northern activists, black and white traveling

this still was the jim crow era, although it was the end of the jim crow era. and of course the civil rights movement had generated a lot of hostility and violence in the south, especially in 1961 during the freedom riders, going through alabama and mississippi. and i began to think twice about whether i wanted to go down and spend six months or a year in alabama county courthouses in the state archives driving around the state with a car with a northern license plate during those year. but more important in the decision that i -- the fairly important decision that i made was the context of the civil rights movement with these northern activists, black and white, traveling through the south, trying to bring about change in race relations in the south, and

so based on that, there were people around the united states challenging the jim crow segregation system. like americans were barred from hotels and restaurants and cafes, libraries and golf courses. and in beaumont, texas, black golfers were barred from playing at the terrell park public golf course in beaumont, it was a municipal golf course. black workers could work there and they could caddy there, and they could play there when the place was closed, but because of their color, because of jim crow's segregation, they were not able to play there when the course was open. there were six black golfers who put together a challenge to that segregation of booker face, joe give, and bill narsis, johnny parker, johnny ware and earl white, those six black golfers, wanted to challenge that segregation system at terrell park and they joined with three black lawyers, two young lawyers from beaumont, theo johns and elmo willard who had just graduated from howard university in washington and then a black lawyer from dallas, u. simpson tate who was the ncaacp lawyer for texas. and they put together

had no place in the justice system in the jim crow south of the '30s. the deal was fdr would let the south manage its own race problem, would not interfere at the level of the federal government. and in turn, the white south would do two things. vote for him and democrats, of course, since it was a one-party south at this time except for african mers primarily -- vote for democrats and fdr in national elections, and support his new deal programs in the congress. because many of the important committees were controlled by southerners. why were southerners so out of proportion represented in committees? >> they didn't really have competitive elections after the primaries. >> exactly. it's very hard to get you out because only democrats get elected. so as they say the primary is tantamount to election. it's hard to beat an incumbent. so that was the deal. fdr would not interfere with race relations, would not push turn, the white south would provide him and the democrat votes and support for his new deal programs, at least during his first term. and the ne

and so based on that, there were cases around the united states challenging the jim crowe segregation system. black americans were barred from hotels and restaurants and cafes, libraries, golf courses. and in beaumont, texas, black golfers were barred from playing at the terrell park public golf course here in beaumont. it was a municipal golf course. black americans, black beaumonters could work there and they could caddie there and they could play there when the course was closed. but because of their color, because of jim crowe's segregation, they were not permitted to play there when the course was open. there were six black golfers who put together a challenge to that segregation. booker faison, joe griffin, bill narcese, tommy parker, john gray and earl want. they wanted to challenge that segregation system at terrell park. and they joined with three black lawyers, two young lawyers from beaumont, theo johns and elmo willard, who had just graduated from howard university in washington. and then a black lawyer from dallas, u. simpson tate, the naacp lawyer for texas. and they put

had no place in the justice system in the jim crow south of the '30s. the deal was fdr would let the south manage its own race problem, would not interfere at the level of the federal government. and in turn, the white south would do two things. vote for him and democrats, of course, since it was a one-party south at this time except for african americans primarily -- vote for democrats and fdr in national elections, and support his new deal programs in the congress. because many of the important committees were controlled by southerners. why were southerners so out of proportion represented in important congressional committees? >> they didn't really have competitive elections after the primaries. >> exactly. it's very hard to get you out because only democrats get elected. so as they say the primary is tantamount to election. it's hard to beat an incumbent. so that was the deal. fdr would not interfere with race relations, would not push a civil rights program, and in turn, the white south would provide him and the democrat votes and support for his n

had no place in the justice system in the jim crow south of the '30s. the deal was fdr would let the south manage its own race problem, would not interfere at the level of the federal government. and in turn, the white south would do two things. vote for him and democrats, of course, since it was a one-party south at this time except for african americans primarily -- vote for democrats and fdr in national elections, and support his new deal programs in the congress. because many of the important committees were controlled by southerners. why were southerners so out of proportion represented in important congressional committees? >> they didn't really have competitive elections after the primaries. >> exactly. it's very hard to get you out because only democrats get elected. so as they say the primary is tantamount to election. it's hard to beat an incumbent. so that was the deal. fdr would not interfere with race relations, would not push a civil rights program, and in turn, the white south would provide him and the democrat votes and suamt at least du

and so based on that, there were cases around the united states challenging the jim crow segregation systeming like americans were barred from hotels, restaurants and cafes, golf courses. and in beaumont, texas, black golfers were barred from playing at terrele park public golf course here in beaumont, it was a municipal golf course. black americans, black beaumonters could work there and caddie there, and they could play there when the course was close the but because of their color, because of jim crow's segregation, they were not permitted to play there when the course was open. there were six black golfer whose put together a challenge tosegregation. booker face and joe griffin and bill johnny parker and earl black golfers are wanted to challenge the system at terrell park and they joined with three black lawyers, two young lawyers from beaumont, just graduated from howard who university in washington, and then a black lawyer from dallaa. they put a lawsuit against bow month, booker facen versus elmo beard versus the city of beaumont in the summer of '55. in order to set up the c

author of the "the new jim crow". thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >>> how michelle obama has defined her role as first lady is next. ♪ [ male announcer ] from our nation's networks... ♪ ...to our city streets... ♪ ...to skies around the world... ♪ ...northrop grumman's security solutions are invisibly at work, protecting people's lives... [ soldier ] move out! [ male announcer ] ...without their even knowing it. that's the value of performance. northrop grumman. ♪ ooh baby, (what) can i do for you today? ♪ [ female announcer ] need help keeping your digestive balance? align can help. only align has bifantis, a patented probiotic that naturally helps maintain your digestive balance. try align to help retain a balanced digestive system. try the #1 gastroenterologist recommended probiotic. align. and it's surprising what it goes through in the course of a day. but what's even more surprising is that brushing alone isn't enough to keep it clean. fortunately, you've got listerine. unlike b

and so based on that, there were cases around the united states challenging the jim crowe segregation system. black americans were barred from hotels and restaurants and cafes, libraries, golf courses. and in beaumont, texas, black golfers were barred from playing at the terrell park public golf course here in beaumont. it was a municipal golf course. black americans, black beaumonters could work there and they could caddie there and they could play there when the course was closed. but because of their color, because of jim crowe's segregation, they were not permitted to play there when the course was open. there were six black golfers who put together a challenge to that segregation. booker faison, joe griffin, bill narcese, tommy narcese, tom parker, johnny gray and earl want. they wanted to challenge that segregation system at terrell park. and they joined with three black lawyers, two young lawyers from beaumont, theo johns and elmo willard, who had just graduated from howard university in washington. and then a black lawyer from dallas, u. simpson tate, the naacp lawyer for texa

and so based on that, there were cases around the united states challenging the jim crow segregation system. like americans were bard frred hotels an restaurants and cafes, libraries, golf courses. and in bow moeaumont, texas, bl golfers were barring from playing at the public golf course here in beaumont, it was a municipal golf course. black americans, black beaumonters could work there and they could caddie there, and they could play there when the course was closed, but because of their color, because of jim crow segregation, they were not permitted to play there when the course was open. there were six black golfers who put together a challenge to that segregation. six black golfers wanted to challenge that segregation system at the golf course and they joined with three black lawyers, two young lawyers from beaumont, theo johns and elmo willard who had just graduated from howardshington, and then a lawyer from dallas, u6i. simpso tate who was the naacp lawyer for texas. and they put together a lawsuit against the city of beaumont and it was booker fasin versus el know beard ver

he doesn't tell us that lincoln voted for jim crow legislation in the legislature. he doesn't tell us that lincoln said there was a natural disgust in the minds of nearly all white people about black and white sex. he doesn't tell us that lincoln supported the illinois black laws. he doesn't tell us that president lincoln personally ordered union officers to return runaway slaves to slave masters. he doesn't tell us that president lincoln tried for nearly a year and a half to save slavery in the united states. >> all these things, and i say this is typical of major biographies on lincoln in the last 135 years. that the famous charleston quote is the stumbling block. as i say in the book, the best biographers will summarize the charleston quote. >> and what is that and what was the reason for it? >> in the charleston quote on saturday, september 18, 1858, lincoln said to about 10,000 or 15,000 white people in the lincoln-douglas debate that i will say then that i'm not now, nor have i ever been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality o

>> reporter: the decision to play aibileen, a maid in 1960s jim crow era mississippi, was not an easy one for viola davis. >> lord from mercy. >> reporter: her new film, "the help," resonates deeply. playing the part of a domestic brings with it a complex history. >> there's no "sophie's choice" crypt floating around there for me. if you look at what has been out there in the last few years, even this past year, for women of color, this is basically it. >> reporter: too often playing a domestic has been all that's been available for black actresses. >> my path is completely different from a meryl streep or michelle williams, or even a remini maura, or glenn close. and not that they've had it easy because they're women. but i do not sit with 10, 15 scripts in front of me, all lead roles. and i just kind of say eenie, meanie, minie, mo. that's not been my options. >> reporter: the option she took, her sensitive portrayal of aibileen, has already won davis some big-time hollywood accolade. an academy award nomination. >> viola davis. >> reporter: and a win for best actress at this year's

and remember these are not jim crowe statistics. these are today's numbers. and these are figures from new york, which of 50 states is the only one, the one state that has p passed a measure to ensure rights for domestic workers. in november of 2010, new york's domestic workers bill of rights gave four, four new rights to which domestic workers in new york are now entitled under the law. overtime pay at time and a half after a 40-hour workweek, a day of rest every seven days, three paid days off for each year of work, and protection under new york state's human rights laws. which leaves us with 49, the long road ahead for the rest of the states who have yet to ensure basic human and labor rights for their help. coming up, why "the help" doesn't help any of this. r unner, in absolute perfect physical condition and i had a heart attack right out of the clear blue... he was just... "get me an aspirin"... yeah... i knew that i was doing the right thing, when i gave him the bayer. i'm on an aspirin regimen... and i take bayer chewables. [ male announcer ] aspirin

crow. because of them, i grew up taking for granted that women could vote and because of them my daughter grew up taking for granted that children of all colors could go to school together. because of them, barack obama and i could wage a hard fought campaign for the democratic nomination, because of them and because of you children today will grow up taking for granted that an african-american or a woman can, yes, become the president of the united states. and so when that day arrives and a woman takes the oath of office as our president, we will all stand taller, proud of the values of our nation, proud that every little girl can dream big and her dreams can come true in america and all of you will know that because of your passion and hard work you helped pave the way for that day. so i want to say to my supporters, when you hear people saying or think to yourself if only or what if, i say please don't go there. every moment wasted looking back keeps us from moving forward. life is too s

crow. because of them, i grew up taking for granted that women could vote and because of them, my daughter grew up taking for granted that children of all colors could go to school together. because of them, barack obama and i could wage a hard fought campaign for the democratic nomination. because of them and because of you, children today will grow up taking for granted that an african-american or a woman can, yes, become the president of the united states. and so when that day arrives and a woman takes the oath of office as our president, we will all stand taller, proud that every little girl can dream big and that her dreams can come true in america. and all of you will know that because of your passion and hard work, you helped paved thyourse. when you hear yourself saying what if, i say please don't go there, every moment looking back keeps us from moving forward. life is too short, time precious and there too high to dwell on what might have been, you have to work together for what s

crow and its effects on american society and politics. you just said something before the break in the way you're being arrested, prosecuted, pleading out marks you permanently. >> yes. >> i want you to talk about this. one of the things that happen is even in the discussion about mass incarceration, we talk about the physical structures and the people inside them and one of the revelations of the book to me was thinking more broadly about how anyone who circles through at any given moment, then bears a kind of permanent mark on their record that completely alters what part of society they can be a part of. >> yes. this system is really dependent more on the prison label than on prison time. once you're branded a criminal or felon, you're relegated to a permanent second-class status for life. you may be stripped to the right to vote. you're deemed ineligible for jury service the rest of your life and legally discriminated against in employment, housing, access to education, public benefits. you can be denied even food stamps if you're a d

michelle alexander calling it the new jim crow. between the 1960's and 1970's, the prison population across the country doubled. in the 1970's and 1980's, it tripled. in california, and build no new prisons between the 1960's and 1970's, the height of political action. between the 1970's and 1980's, they build more prisons in california alone and in the past 100 years. one thing that has happened is the warehousing of black folks in these facilities. if you think about what slavery is, the parallels, it is not just a metaphor when you talk about modern-day slavery. slavery denied black folks the ability to be mobile. you were trapped on one location, in a plantation. it broke up our families. it subjected us to daly wants and violence. anything can happen to you -- an example to you for somebody else. it exploded us for our free labor. all of those things happen in prison today. the u.s. has 5% of the world's population and over 25% of the world's prison population. that is a big part of the equation. i am not waiting for superman,

he would not have lived through jim crowe. so the thing you can be rest assured about, if frederick douglass were alive today, he could no longer be a republican. that party of lincoln and that party of grant that he so vehemently defended, promoted, stood for, voted for, worked for, all of the last 30 years of his life is no longer the same party at all. the modern contemporary republican party has become essentially the american white conservative party, let's face it. and douglass would have no home there. now, history changes. parties move on. people move on. new political persuasions. new issues. as coalitions grow, you would understand that. but i can tell you if we can guess at one thing, he would resent current modern-day

crow. in addition, judges like elbert tuttle, john brown, john minor wisdom and frank johnson jr. were appointed to lower federal courts and played key roles in desegregating the south in the 1960s. to screen candidates for such posts, eisenhower relied on his attorney general brownell, who was instructed not to place a known segregationist on the list of judicial candidates, so true to greenstein's thesis, eisenhower gave considerable power to a man he trusted, who could make the president's objectives a reality. nichols also reminded readers of the other accomplishments of the administration that have received scant notice over the years. eisenhower was able to use his credibility as a general to generate compliance on military desegregation so that in less than two years all combat units were desegregated. he also desegregated schools on military bases in the south before the brown decision as well as veterans hospitals. he used the power of persuasion and prestige of his office to encou