in berlin increased training. it was an essential element in the american effort to convince the soviets that the united states would fight for west berlin and that while u.s. forces might not be able to hold the city, they would inflict unacceptable losses on the attacker. for the communists, however, time was apparently running out. kruschev's repeated threats spur an increase in the already considerable number of refugees heading west. well over 3 million people had fled from the east since 1945. more than half of those had come through west berlin, marking the city unmistakably as the escape hatch from the soviet zone. on 12 august, the east german regime announced that all 13 of the 120 border crossing points between east and west berlin would be closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. then in the predawn hours of 13 august, east german police, armored cars and tanks deployed along the soviet sector of the city. workers set up barbed wire barricades and construction of more substantial cement block walls.

remember the map you've seen and the fact that west berlin, capitalist democratic west berlin, was an island surrounded by a sea of east german communism. khrushchev and ubrecht hated that there was this place in the middle of communism where people could see the other world and by the way, there were of course a lot of spies. berlin was spy central which is partly why we have so many cia documents. the kgb hasn't been as forthcoming on their documents. this special location was very important to the west. we knew we had a listening post and it was the greatest show window as we called it of capitalism. and democracy. so we wanted to keep it and they wanted to take it away from us. khrushchev started this crisis in november of 1958 and quickly developed sort of broader aims. as is common between a great power and small power, the super power has a far broader agenda than the local smaller power namely east germany. and once khrushchev got on the world stage and was meeting with western leaders, he really liked it. this guy from the sticks sort of was suddenly meeting with president ei

forces in berlin. he was in berlin. clay would say to watson, i would recommend that at this point you do this. and watson, who had enormous respect for clay and who also rather liked the things that clay was doing would do it. for example, that's how the tanks got up to checkpoint charlie. clay was not in a position to order tanks around but was in a position to say to general watson, i think it would be a good idea if you brought some tanks up to the checkpoint and general watson would say, yes, you know, that is a good idea and off they would go, much to clark's frustration, because he felt that things were being taken away from him. and clay, before he left berlin, sent a special message to kennedy, saying i understand that the u.s. army is angry about some of the things watson did in support of my policies here and i want to make sure that he is not punished and watson got a three-star command. so i assume he was not punished. this is the kind of thing that bureaucratically made berlin kind of the den of thieves. b

tanks facing off at the berlin wall. the discussion is just shy of two hours. >>> so before we begin the panel, i was in listening to the doctor's presentation and the speech in berlin, one of my favorite documents as i travel around and get to know my collection, there are favorite documents that i identify in each of the sites. at the jfk, there was a little piece of paper that was in jfk's pocket during that speech and this is the facsimile to it. and this is the pronunciation. for you. >> thank you. [ applause ] >> kennedy library is a great place. >> i certainly hope everybody enjoyed that. as a declassifying reviewer, it's always interesting to hear how the stories and the documents come together. i'm going to turn this over to dr. steury from the cia and we'll have a historical panel and then there will be time for q&a afterwards. don is a historian currently working in the national declassification center. so you want to get that feel of having multiple folks with us at the national archives. he was a soviet mili

the berlin wall comes later. what stalin is going to do is to put up a perimeter that are separates east from the west and around the exterior of west berlin. he is basically holding west berliners prisoners. nothing is coming in, nothing is going out. he's trying to basically starve west berlin meaning the americans, the british and the french to get our countries out of west berlin so that he has complete control over the city. it's a blockade, if you will of western berlin. what does truman do? is he going to allow our interests, our allies' interests in west berlin to be limited simply because stalin has this ability to close us off by land? no. truman is going to respond with almost an entire year of an airlift of goods and supplies, food, fuel, anything that the people of west berlin needed will now be flown in to that part of the city. i love the map simply because it shows you that in each of the three sectors, each of the three sectors has an airport. and so we can fly in cargo planes into each sector, l

the berlin wall comes later. what stalin is going to do is to put up a perimeter that separates east from west and around the exterior of west berlin. he is basically holding west berliners prisoners. nothing is coming in, nothing is going out. he's trying to basically starve west berlin, meaning the americans, the british, and the french, to get our countries out of west berlin so that he has complete control over the city. it's a blockade, if you will, of west berlin. what does truman do? is he going to allow our interests, our ally's interest in west berlin to be eliminated simply because stalin has this ability to close us off by land? no. truman is going to respond with almost an entire year of an airlift of goods and supplies, food, fuel. anything that the people of west berlin needed will now be flown in. they are going to have to fly from -- take off maybe from a base in great britain, fly across the channel, across friendly air space in western europe and then they have to fly over eastern germany before

the berlin wall comes later. what stalin is going to do is put up a perimeter that separates east from west and around the exterior of west berlin. he is basically holding west berliners prisoners. nothing is coming in or going out. he is trying to basically starve west berlin, meaning the americans, the british, and the french, to get our countries out of west berlin so that he has complete control over the city. it's a blockade, if you will, of west berlin. what does truman do? is he going to allow our interest and allies' interests in west merlin to be eliminated because stalin has the ability to close us off by land? no. truman is going to respond with almost an entire year of an airlift and goods and supplies, food, fuel, anything that the people needed will be flown in to that part of the city. i love the map simply because it shows you that in each of the three sectors, each of the three sectors has an airport. so we can fly in cargo planes into each sector, loaded with food, medicine, supplies, wal-mart g

it's a blockade of west berlin. is he going to allow our interest and allies and interests in west merlin to be eliminated because stalin has the ability to close us off by land? no. truman is going to respond with almost an entire year of airlift and goods and supplies. food, fuel, anything that the people needed will be flown in to that part of the city. i love the map simply because it shows you that in each of the three sectors, each has an airport. so we can fly in cargo planes into each sector, loaded with food, medicine, supplies, wal-mart gift cards and aa batteries. whatever they need, they will have access to. truman knows they won't shoot down the plane. if you think about the geography, they will have to fly from maybe a base in great britain and the channel and across friendly airspace in western europe and fly over eastern germany before they can get into west berlin. truman said they won't be shot down. nothing they can do about us airlifting the goods and supplies in. he won't shoot down the planes.

now, as a writer, i go to berlin, i go to germany. i see my books in german. >> he'd was a teacher for creative writing at a school in jerusalem. the holocaust figures in the work of many students. >> i feel like i am the bridge between the old generation and the very new generation who were born about the time that the wall fell and feel completely happy. they like the low rent. >> to most of his students come up berlin is germany. -- to most of his students, berlin is germany. >> there seem to be endless possibilities. there is true freedom. >> israelis are generally very conscious of the past when they are in berlin. >> i do not want to be judged by the actions of my parents, so i do not judge determines that white. i would like to -- i do not judge it germans that way. they grow up with a sense of guilt. >> israeli writers in berlin also want germans to know about their culture. >> it is this moment in the history of the relationship between east two nation's. getting to know each other from a place where you can really talk. lear

berlin. >> a primary school in berlin. two years ago, there was an influx of 60 roma children. baking with their families from romania and bulgaria -- they came up with their families from romania and bulgaria. most spoken of german. >> they came because they heard from friends how good it was here. every parent naturally wants to give their child a better future. >> almost 1000 roma move to berlin in 2011. few speak fluent german and have job training. immigration can be difficult, especially for those who are poor. that is why they're recommending freed language classis. >> need a proper integration strategy for integration within the eu. it is a new area for us, but one needs attention. >> they do not want to restrict freedom of movement for europe's pour. instead, they want to give direct help to the communities that need it. >> and that brings you up-to- date with the latest international news. >> that is right. we will be following this coalition talks in athens threat even in. stay wit

world and berlin and closed them. the train lines and canals and highways and they had five million troops surrounding berlin and east germany and we had 1500. and a cabinet meeting harry truman pull his cabinet, chief of staff, whether it could be done and they all said no. it was impossible to carry that much food in the air particularly since we demobilize totally at the end of world war ii and truman said i will thank you very much in stood in the doorway and turnaround and said do it. and we did. >> i know the genesis of your eisenhower book. spend so much time doing earl warren. one day you are sitting in the office say i am not busy enough at the newspaper. i have written a book on earl warren. i will take autobiography of eisenhower. what happened one day? >> let me say how delighted i am that richard was excited about the berlin airlift. i got a call from an editor in new york that scott and i work with and she was convinced there was an important eisenhower presidency book and a lot written about eisenhower.

let's go to our chief correspondent on the story in berlin. we have to admit -- we were not terribly surprised when we heard this report about merkel's suggested a referendum, but we were surprised to hear her office immediately saying none of this was true. >> they have emphatically denied it. we call the chancellery, and they said she must definitely did not suggest that a referendum be held -- we called the chancellery. it might be a trifle surprising had she suggested this, since she quite vehemently rejected the idea in talks last fall and winter. on the other hand, many people in berlin are saying that these upcoming elections will be tantamount to a decision about whether or not to stay in the euro. >> you have been following merkel for a very long time. what do you think this will do to her? will this add pressure to offer some type of solution g-8 -- at the g-8 summit where everyone will already be talking about greece. >> she is already under great deal of pressure, due to the election of a growth-friendly president in france, but sh

he headed for berlin with -- for berlin for a crucial meeting with chancellor angela merkel. but his plane was hit by lightning, and social -- and so he had to change aircraft. much later than planned, he arrived at the german chancellery. the welcome was cordial, but intense. after all, angela merkel had backed president sarkozy in the election. he was greeted with military honors. as the two leaders negotiated the red carpet, they appeared nervous with each other before beginning discussions on what french president means on making growth his brewery. as a joint press conference, chancellor merkel and george to about the -- even joked about the lightning strike. >> even though the lightning hit, maybe this could be a good omen for our cooperation. >> president mr. hollande vowed to put everything on the table. >> becomes to growth, it is certainly right. but so far, this word has not been properly explained. but i am happy this topic -- growth -- is back in talks. we must work together. >> both leaders expressed a wish for greece to stay in the eurozone. >> we agreed on thi

to cross-talk your old turmoil i'm joined by early brooklier in berlin he is a member of the e.u. expert service team europe and a faculty member of the training unit of the german federal foreign office in london we go to george urban he is a professor will research associate at the university of london and in new york we have marshall are back he is a global portfolio strategist at madison street partners and a fellow at the economist for peace and security are gentlemen cross-talk rules in effect that means you can jump any jump in any time one if i can go to you in berlin it seems to me that angle americal is finding yourself more and more isolated and i don't have to remind you of the panel or our viewers what's going on in europe right now particularly greece we're looking at spain there's a run on greece in a big way can angle merkel continue to take her hard line on our stared particularly when we have a new french president. i don't think it's a question of either or america is committed to what you represent and the chancellor for governor of clear like the government in

if he really does come to berlin and says that berlin will be the first place he wants to talk to, if he does come to berlin and says it's all up for grabs, it needs to be renegotiated, then i'm absolutely positive there will be a problem, because mrs. merkel has indicated that cannot be renegotiated. if it is a change of tone, a change of rhetoric with much more hitting of that word growth and much less hitting of that word austerity, that may be a different matter. so we wait to see whether the prevote rhetoric matches the post-vote action. >> yeah, of course, although the other thing, we've seen in brussels the kind of those to sort out the debt crisis. we've had a technocratic government installed. it's a very different matter when you've had people speaking themselves. the french people have given their verdict. the greek people have given their verdict. that puts brussels in an uncomfortable place. you can't say, i'm sorry, you have to do x. >> no, and chancellor merkel in berlin will see the message sent by those electorates as well. completely overshadowed was an election in g

off to berlin for his first official investigation -- engagement. talks with chancellor angela merkel. >> and he has also appointed his prime minister. not long after being sworn in, he appointed the longtime leader of the socialist party and the mayor of a city. he also speaks fluent german. meanwhile, at eu finance ministers have agreed to tougher capital requirements for region thanks. -- banks. >> the move is aimed at shoring up the financial sector of the debt crisis were to escalate. there has been increasing concern about the health of spanish and italian banks. just yesterday, moody's downgraded six italian banks. >> the banking association of italy called moody's downgrade an attack on the nation. italy faces a renewed recession. analysts say the move is going to hurt. >> it does not mean they are less inclined and less able to make loans to firms. so you have more recession, more bad loans, plus, more downgrades, because these banks were in the negative as well. >> in newark, tougher rules are coming into effect for european banks. capital

, berlin lost 2- 1 at home. that leaves the mountains to climb. there is little hope for optimism. >> peering over the abyss. even the more -- even the most die-hard supporters doubt that they will be in the top flight next season. fans are increasingly nervous as the big game approaches. >> it will be tough in duesseldorf. there's a chance. we have not lost yet. >> there is a chance, but we have to make the best of it. >> they must win in duesseldorf and scored two by doing so. >> first division means more interest in more sans. -- fans. we never give up. >> and the hope is they will not repeat the defensive mistakes. >> we must concentrate from the first second on. that is most important. >> but there are other problems as well. they will have to improve dramatically to achieve a miracle and remain in the first division. >> a miracle, and not sure is going to happen. >> if you want to be up-to-date with the latest, check our web site -- www.dw.de. we have multimedia, a lot more stories. check out. -- check it

the deal was signed here in berlin during a visit by afghan president hamid karzai. >> karzai's visit focused on the future of afghanistan after international troops withdraw in 2014. the agreement signed by the afghan president and chancellor merkel provides for continuing country. merkel called the accord a milestone that would cement the german-afghan relations for years to come. >> we want to help afghanistan helping itself. of course we hope that their structures will develop transparently, that the administration will improve, and that the people can count on an afghan state that does not act arbitrarily. >> germany will continue to helping train afghan soldiers and security forces after international troops pull out of the country. the agreement also allied's future economic ties between the two countries and provides, but -- provides kabul with continuing german aid. >> madam chancellor, today is particularly important for me to express on behalf of the afghan people the gratitude of our people for the support that germany has given to us. selflessly and with dedication for th

to cross-talk year old turmoil i'm joined by early brooklier in berlin he is a member of the e.u. expert service team europe and a faculty member of the training unit of the german federal foreign office in london we go to george urban he is a professor will research associate at the university of london and in new york we have marshall are back he is a global portfolio strategist at madison street partners and a fellow at the economist for peace and security are gentlemen cross-talk rules in effect that means you can jump any jump in any time one if i can go to you in berlin it seems to me that angle americal is finding yourself more and more isolated and i don't have to remind you of the panel or our viewers what's going on in europe right now particularly greece we're looking at spain there's a run on greece in a big way can anglo merkel continue to take her hard line on austerity particularly when we have a new french president. i don't think it's a question of either or america is committed to what you represent and the chancellor of her directly elected government in germany

to cross talk here old turmoil i'm joined by early broken are in berlin he is a member of the e.u. expert service team europe and a faculty member of the training unit of the german federal foreign office in london we go to george urban he is a professor will research associate at the university of london and in new york we have marshall are back he is a global portfolio strategist at madison street partners and a fellow at the economist for peace and security are gentlemen crosstalk roles in effect that means you can jump any jump in any time one if i can go to you in berlin it seems to me that angle americal is finding yourself more and more isolated and i don't have to remind you of the panel or our viewers what's going on in europe right now particularly greece we're looking at spain there's a run on greece in a big way can anglo merkel continue to take her hard line on our stare particularly when we have a new french president. i don't think it's a question of either or america is committed to what you represent and the chancellor of her directly elected government in germany

now, as a writer, i go to berlin, i go to germany. i see my books in german. >> he'd was a teacher for creative writing at a school in jerusalem. the holocaust figures in the work of many students. >> i feel like i am the bridge between the old generation and the very new generation who were born about the time that the wall fell and feel completely happy. they like the low rent. >> to most of hisdes me berlin f f the pt so i from >>diomy. hr' o o wesi - y'r bing,hoanran an. now that makes

to cross-talk year old turmoil i'm joined by early brook nor in berlin he is a member of the e.u. expert service team europe and a faculty member of the training unit of the german federal foreign office in london we go to george urban he is a professor will research associate at the university of london and in new york we have marshall are back he is a global portfolio strategist at madison street partners and a fellow at the economist for peace and security are gentlemen crosstalk roles in effect that means you can jump any jump in any time one if i can go to you in berlin it seems to me that angle americal is finding yourself more and more isolated and i don't have to remind you of the panel or our viewers what's going on in europe right now particularly greece we're looking at spain there's a run on greece in a big way can angle merkel continue to take her hard line on our stared particularly when we have a new french president. i don't think it's a question of either or america is committed to what you represent and the chancellor of her directly elected government in germany

to cross-talk year old turmoil i'm joined by early brooklier in berlin he is a member of the e.u. expert service team europe and a faculty member of the training unit of the german federal foreign office in london we go to george urban he is a professor will research associate at the university of london and in new york we have marshall are back he is a global portfolio strategist at madison street partners and a fellow at the economist for peace and security are gentlemen crosstalk roles in effect that means you can jump any jump in any time one if i can go to you in berlin it seems to me that angle americal is finding yourself more and more isolated and i don't have to remind you of the panel or our viewers what's going on in europe right now particularly greece we're looking at spain there's a run on greece in a big way can anglo-american continue to take our hard line on our stared particularly when we have a new french president. i don't think it's a question of either or america is committed to what you represent and the chancellor of her directly elected government in germa

this is the report from berlin. >> reporter: hollande fru tolew to berlin on tuesday, after he was inaugurated as president. during his election campaign hollande responded to the debt crisis, by focusing on austerity. differences between the two leaders raised concerns that the two key eu members would not be able to take concerted action. back in the news conference, they stressed thatheyill coinue to cooperate despite their differences. >> translator: i am visiting berlin because i want to show our friendship with germany. we will work together to overcome our differences. >> translator: we agreed that we have an obligation to tackle the crisis together. we have different opinions but also something in common. so i'm looking forward to working with the new president. >> reporter: the two leaders indicated that they will discuss economic growth measures. they also expressed hope that greece will keep its agreements with the european union. and stay in the eurozone. hollande said he wants to tell greek leaders that the eu will take steps to promote growth. and hollande and americale wanted to

is that the sentiment here in berlin? >> there is a sense here in berlin that things in syria have taken a serious turn for the worse. the massacre in houla has provoked outrage in many european capitals, including berlin. but we have seen expulsions coordinated -- expulsions, coordinated explosions in several european countries. germany, france, spain, italy, the u.k., and also the u.s., canada, australia, all putting out top-level diplomats as a concerted and serious response, all being accompanied by a very tough language. berlin itself is saying that syria has no future under assad. >> with the tough language in these expulsions, the german foreign minister wants syria but on the u.n. security council agenda. what might we go westerwelle be looking for? >> that is right. german foreign minister guido westerwelle said on tuesday that germany would be urging the u.n. security council to take up syria again. he did not indicate exactly what action would be demanded, but we can expect that there will be calls for tougher

this is the report from berlin. >> reporter: hollande fru lew t berlin on tuesday, after he was inaugurated as president. during his election campaign, hollande responded to the debt crisis, by focusing on austerity. differences between the two leaders raised concerns that the two key eu members would not be able to take concerted action. back in the news conference, they stressed that they will continue to cooperate despite their differences. >> translator: i am visiting berlin because i want to show our friendship with germany. we will work together to overcome our differences. >> translator: we agreed that we have an obligation to tackle the crisis together. we have different opinions, but also something in common. so i'm looking forward to working with the new president. >> reporter: the two leaders indicated that they will discuss economic growth measures. they also expressed hope that greece will keep its agreements with the european union. and stay in the eurozone. hollande said he wants to tell greek leaders that the eu will take steps to promote growth. and hollande and americale w

he headed for berlin for a crucial meeting with chancellor merkel. his plane was hit by lightning and he was forced to return to paris. much later than planned, the new president arrived. the welcome was cordial but a little tense. after all, chancellor merkel backed sarkozy in the election. president hollande was greeted with military honors. as the two leaders negotiated the red carpet, they appeared nervous with each other, before beginning discussions on what the french president means about making growth his priority. at a joint press conference, welcomedor merkel the new leader and joked about the lightning strike. >> even though the lightning hit, maybe this can be a good omen for our cooperation. >> president hollande and vowed to put everything on the table to boost growth. >> when it comes to growth, it is certainly right. so far, it has not been properly explained. i am happy that the topic of growth is back at the heart about talks. we must work together. >> with greece heading for new elections, both leaders expressed a wish for greece t

here's our report from berlin. >> reporter: hollande flew to berlin on tuesday, hours after he was inaugurated as president. during his election campaign, hollande criticized eu responses to the debt crisis by focussing too much on the austerity. merkel has taken the initiative in the matter. differences between the two leaders raised concerns that the two key eu members would not be able to take concerted action. back in the news conference, they stressed that they will continue to cooperate, despite their differences. >> translator: i am visiting berlin because i want to show our friendship with germany. we will work together to overcome our differences. >> translator: we agreed that we have an obligation to tackle the crisis together. we have different opinions but also something in common. so i'm looking forward to working with the new president. >> reporter: the two leaders indicated that they will discuss economic growth measures. they also expressed hope that greece will keep its agreements with the european union and stay in the eurozone. hollande said he wants to tell greek leaders th

he made it to berlin on another flight. his day started on a cloud of rain pouring on his inauguration parade. he is the first socialist leader in nearly 20 years and has promised to be more normal than his predecessor, nicolas sarkozy. >> ordinarily, it is a day to celebrate the pageantry of state. these are extraordinary times in europe. cois hollande pledged a different democracy. nicolas sarkozy will be remembered as a one-term president. the latest in a long line of leaders who have fallen victim to the eurozone crisis. inside the palace, the political elite waited. one of them was beef prime minister, a former german teacher. there is the exchange of nuclear codes. -- one of them was the prime minister, a former german teacher. nicolas wave for franc sarkozy. mr. hollande put germany on notice. >> i will propose a new pact which will combine the necessary reduction in public debt with the indispensable stimulation of the economy. >> there is no time for president hollande to enjoy the trappings of state. he takes powe

let's go to melinda crane in berlin. what type of realignment can we expect no in the german-french relationship? >> i think the relationship will certainly become a bit more awkward and a bit more bumpy. we heard angela merkel saying to issue plans to welcome francois hollande with open arms, but they're also be some red faces. she had said that she would support sarkozy. i think we can also expect a more adversarial relationship. francois hollande has made clear that he plans to push the germans. but we're hearing german leaders saying today they're not going to be ready to pay for a fresh stimulus program, so there will be some pushing back. but in the end, expect to see pragmatism prevailed. france and germany have to work together. they are the tandem the polls the rest of europe, particularly given the instability in greece. they will be looking for ways to cooperate. and i think both leaders clearly know that they are going to have to come up with some kind of compromise, the fiscal pact not likely to be renegotia

as berlin tells fellow eurozone members to tighten their belts the austerity capital is on tour under fire for slipping up on its own targets for budget cuts. but in business we hear from a man who point out some breaks and he says we should have more about europe because emerging markets is. one of the next. three pm in moscow. good to have you with us here on r t our top story it gyptian is heading to the polls in the first presidential election since the fall of longtime leader hosni mubarak last year a dozen names on the ballot including islam miss and several mubarak era officials but authorities policy reports many egyptians say they're frustrated with their options. they stayed down the police and the military and they won but now there is still an intern uncertain future and it's far from clear egypt's revolutionaries are holding the trump card i'm sure of the martyrs where life they would think that this is or is just no one chanters for elections they wanted to free them now there's a monthly massacre that takes place when people are killed that we don't even have the right

the recognition of difficulties yet to be addressed in berlin here. >> what are the options open to germany on this? >> sure. on agrees, it is a difficult one -- on greece, it is a difficult one. i can imagine how things might unfold with france. certainly, more talk of growth. you may get an assertion -- you will definitely get an assertion that the deals done on austerity will stick and they will not be renegotiated. in a way, that's the only way they can do it. renegotiating the whole thing will set the market's a light, as you might expect. a little bit more free with its money. a little bit more money available for big projects. a lot more talk about growth. will that be a change of policy? i suspect it will not add up to a complete tearing up of the old policy, but it might be a trimming of the policy. a little bit more reflation of the german economy. that is the way in my be charted pragmatically. of course, if mr. hollande comes here and says that it will be renegotiated, then there will be a clash. >> and that what? >> then, we look at the market's going all kinds of bad ways than

steve is in berlin for us. steve, it's going to be an intriguing first meeting, isn't it? >> absolutely, david. in a way the easy part of his day is now over. though not down the business immediately. there will be a military welcome and a very nice dinner on the eighth floor of the chancellor's office. but at the end of it all, a new path for europe, people will be saying well, what does he mean by new path for europe . he wanted that to involve renegotiating the new fiscal pact. chancellor merkel says that will not happen. that's the difficult thing. >> it's the hunt for the holy grail, isn't it? we've got some other breaking news in europe. i'll bring this to you as we see francois hollande doing the handshakes but the euro zone has actually avoided going back in recession with officials reporting flat output in the beginning of the year. most were predicting the euro zone as a whole would trip into points. the bbc's andrew walker is in brussels. surprising figures, andrew? >> yes. a degree of relief. i suppose one had one health warning in that these are first estimate

newly inaugurated president francois laundered straight to business for the socialist leader headed to berlin for a key you're a crisis talks with german chancellor angela merkel. class of great cost between police and protesters during randi's by kind of sting and mocking not the day that some of the displacement of thousands of people in the state of israel was established in one nine hundred forty eight. still of her house arrest julian assange brings the latest edition of his talk show this time raising the subject of torture and illegal rendition. of us americans managed to regain some strength with a mix finish to the trading day but remained it twelve months so i mean about science when it's time to have the official think it's played. seven pm in moscow i match reza good to have you with us here on r t our top story francoise hollande as officially been installed as france's new president sworn in for a five year term at the elysee palace and a modest ceremony in central paris just hours after his inauguration on the lawn is now headed to berlin where. he'll have a welcome dinner with

>> welcome to the "journal" on dw in berlin. oecd warns that the eurozone still faces the threat of a severe recession. >> the leader of the great radical party looks for political support in germany. >> and how iran is trying to tighten its control over the internet. the organization for economic cooperation and development says the eurozone crisis is the most serious risk to the global economy. the paris-based organization lower its outlook for the eurozone. it is now expecting gdp to contract by 0.1% this year. >> oecd economists want the european central bank to cut interest rates and they said the government's need to strike a balance between cutting spending and stimulating growth. >> spain's jobless numbers are not likely to drop any time soon. that is according to the oecd. it predicts spain's economy and others will continue contracting for the foreseeable future. it sees eurozone nations grappling with a dangerous mix of high deficits, nonexistent growth, and the vulnerable financial sector. the oecd believes the chanc

pressure is mounting on berlin to act. tomorrow, the new french president, franÇois hollande, arise, carrying his message that growth should be the priority, and others say the survival of the currency is at stake. in spain, protestors against austerity are continuing to occupy one of the main squares in madrid. the fear is that the greek crisis is destabilizing other vulnerable euro zone countries. gavin hewitt, bbc news. >> our correspondent sent this updates. >> that we in greece goes on, after a meeting this evening between the president and three party leaders. more talks tomorrow. one of the proposals under discussion will be the formation of a technocratic government, comprising non-political and distinguished figures, in the words of one of the party leaders. that has received a mixed reaction from some of the parties here, as they are aware that many greeks resent the fact that the outgoing minister is an appointed technocrat rather than elected political leader. but it is a sign of just how deep the divisions ar

that will slow us down in our race to get to berlin. they get there first. we talked about that last time. so what i'm getting at is, when these guys meet again, the situation favors the soviet union. they are closer to berlin, they are going to get there first. stalin uses that as leverage. he is no longer sort of going to cooperate with the americans and british. he's going to start making demands. this is what i want in the postwar world. he begins to get more specific with his demands. one of which is poland. his buffer zone of protection is not 50 miles. he wants all of poland. i want a few other eastern countries, not all of them, he said. i will allow for free elections to be held in some of them. but he is starting to define what he wants in terms of

in berlin some experts are discussing the benefits of research for humankind. the first experiments carried out on the iss or conceived by german and russian scientists. >> german research takes center stage aboard the international space station. where are by far the most active country, and that means we are most active within the european union as well. we carry out research on behalf of europe, but we also cooperate with russia and america on bilateral projects. >> this shows the broad spectrum of research before an example, an alpha magnet spectrometers research and for antimatter. this piece of equipment helps doctors understand and treat equilibrium problems. the exhibition is designed to increase private sector enthusiasm for space research. it is a difficult prospect given the time span from experimentation to marketable product. >> stay with us. we will be back, and we're going to have a closer look at some of the research going on on the iss. >> and we will be looking at how germany is struggling to make the transition away from nuclear power. ♪ â™

warns that debt-fueled growth will end in disaster. >> berlin has been under pressure after the elections in greece and france to ease up on tough austerity measures for trouble eurozone nations and instead replace them with growth strategies. but in parliament today, the chancellor again laid out her arguments for massive spending cuts. >> going for another contest of wills, the chancellor allied the many challenges facing next week's g-8 summit. for most again with the economic crisis in which most of europe remains mired. >> growth through structural reforms is sensible, important, and essential. growth through more debt would bring us right back to the start of the crisis. that is why we cannot and will not do that. >> the opposition accused the chancellor of worsening the crisis in europe with her emphasis on austerity. >> what you have is the wrong economic and financial policy. everyone is telling you so. the u.s. government, the oecd, most of the european union's member states, the international monetary fund, all are telling you so. >> merkel faced a barrage of criticism, not lea