how about the soviet union? ross has mentioned an important agreement at geneva that a nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought. there was also an extremely important agreement to expand exchanges, we had an exchange agreement from the nixon administration which had lapsed during the carter administration because of the invasion of afghanistan, why we should cut off our exchanges over that i never understood. we got it restored, much expanded and the question was will gorbachev allowed this to happen? he did. gradually with the policy of glasnost he opened up the press, brought in new editors to most publications, started having westerners including by 1987 the american ambassador, frequently on national television so we began to communicate directly with the soviet people in media, private media but also official, much more so, very important role and easing the tensions. when you have westerners discussing their problems sympathetically, often in their own language this was conveying had the opposite i

union until 1933 under roosevelt, and then during the 30's the soviet union was pushing very hard for international consensus and trying to stop hitler and they were leading the antifascist force globally coming and the calculus party was instrumental and they had to have a movement in the united states from that. but during the war after germany attacks the soviet union in 1941 the united states and the british decided they are going to support the soviet union because it is the key to the chance of surviving the war during the soviets and to keep the soviets in the war. they were caught so off guard that they were concerned and the soviets are going to capitulate that but they offer several things and the soviets make several demands and promised the material and have a hard time delivering that in the first couple years but stalin says if you give the airplanes and the other equipment we need we can stay in a war. so that is the sincere effort other people are not quite as sincere and providing that. so the second demand, what they want with the concession that they had gotten from

union in 1941, then the united states and the british decide that it's important for the soviet union is to keep the soviets in the war. they were caught so offguard that the british were concerned that the soviets would capitulate at that point that the united states offers several things. the soviets made several demands and they promise matÉriel and they had a hard time delivering that for a number of reasons and for a couple of years. stalin said if you give them airplanes and other equipment we need to stay in the war, the united states tries under the effort of other people who are not quite assistance air in providing that so the second man was they wanted the same territorial concessions they have gotten from hitler in 1939 pact that their main demand was for the second front. they were fighting and the history of this period, the americans and the british throughout most of the war were fighting 10 nazi divisions combined and the soviets alone were fighting 200 through june of 44. and so, they were desperate for the united states to open up the second front to western europe

union, russia, and then comes to the soviet union in 1920-21. but she goes there with great hopes because there's going to be a new world. and i think quite rightly, a tyrannical system, even though it was a system that did industrialize the country. at tremendous, tremendous cost. so, i come at it as an leftist, somebody who thinks that stalin was horrible mass murder, one of the worst in history, and at the same time i agree with both of you that the united states did a lot to exacerbate that rivalry in the philippines. so, in return i'd like to move forward to the kennedys and talk about the dramatic turning point, the cuban missile crisis, and then talk about vietnam. >> would you say the american capitalists were -- most were very concerned about the labor moment. >> oh, yes. >> during the '30s -- >> in michigan. >> exactly. that my point. >> in the 1930s is a key, very threatening moment, and during the strikes strikes of world wad strikes -- the miner strikes and tremendous dissatisfaction right after the war in the '45-'46 period. goes a

after the cold war, when we went from soviet union to russia, right? russia kept their close ties to syria. the one military base they have outside the former soviet union they have in syria. the russians and the syrians are very close. they're very close to syria's dictator, bashar al assad. they were very close with al assad's dad. they've done billions of dollars' worth of trade deals, as i've said, in weapons alone. and in this year and a half-long civil war in syria that has cost tens of thousands of lives, syria's only friends in the world have been naturally iran and china but also their best friends, russia. russia. and that was true until today. russia today did not formally declare that they're no longer going to support the syrian government against the rebels, but for the first time a high-ranking russian official said publicly that yeah, it looks like assad is going to lose this war. i mean, the united states has been saying that forever. nato has been saying that forever. everybody who wants assad to go has been saying that forever. you t

the soviet union contains the seeds of its own destruction. many of the problems we saw at the end begin at the very beginning. i spoke already about the attempt to control all institutions and all parts of the economy and political and social life. when you do that, you create opposition and potential dissonance everywhere. if you tell all artists they have to paint the same way, and one says i do not want to, you have just made him into somebody who might otherwise have been a- political. if you tell boy scouts they have to be young pioneers, and one group decides they do not like that, so they form a secret underground group, you have just created another group of political opponents. the system created pockets of resistance. just as important, the other element you can see from the beginning is the gap that is growing between the ideology. it does not happen that way. it happens but not really. or there is some growth but the west is growing faster. the fact that the system is never able to fulfill its promises means by the end, even have

>> 50 million. >> that's on par or close to what the soviet union lost? >> soviet union lost more. anymore concentrated way because stalin -- german policy and eastern front, the other area. >> japan lost -- >> most of these 50 million casualties were civilians in china. so that's the accepted number. >> maochun yu, professor, what do you teach your at the naval academy speak with i teach mostly military history, world war ii, and modern china, east asia overall. we have every strict -- it's fascinating. i've been here 18 years. it's been a blast spent and here's the book, "oss in china: prelude to cold war." this is booktv on c-span2. >> is there a nonfiction author or book you would like to see featured on booktv? send us an e-mail at booktv at c-span.org. or tweet us at twitter.com/booktv. >> live is stephen carter and he is the author, among many other books of this one, his most recent, "the impeachment of abraham lincoln: a novel." professor carter, they are to premise in here that i want to get to that are historically inaccurate. number one, abraham lincoln survived the ass

that is because after the soviet union collapsed, the party sent his academics and experts to the soviet union and eastern european countries to do an autopsy on their failure. they wanted to understand what happened that led for this government should no longer be there. and then, what are we going to do to make sure we don't follow their example? what his father disappeared at tremendous economic vibrancy. what is followed as they walked back away from ideological rigidity. the regime actually than a few have traveled realize you don't feel like you're in a communist country when you're in china. it has explosive economic growth. the fundamental bargain between the government and the people shifted. for a long time we've been bothering ourselves with which he think of us. we prefer campaigns into socialist. he appeared were not going to do that anymore. think what you want. don't even like us if you don't want to. we're going to actually get out of your life a little bit. if you want to make some money and prosper, that's fine. what we ask in return is you show no interest in politics.

negotiation, the whole process, play as the soviet union teetered toward an end? >> i'm not sure it had that much direct effect. i would say that ends being the arms race -- because this was the beginning of ending the arms race. it took a treaty and series of others to do so. and took the liberation of eastern europe, which went as a separate process. but i would say that these things actually freed up gorbachev to try to reform the system. it took the pressure off of him. as long as we had the arms race they had an excuse not for changing the system. once you end the cold war, not just the arms race, and gorbachev ended it ideologically december 7, 1988. today is also an anniversary of that. xactly a year after he signed the i.n.f. treaty. what he ended in that speech aside from announcing unilateral reductions in their military, he discarded the class struggle as the rationale for soviet foreign policy. that was the rationale that had kept the communist party as the dictatorship in the country. so the end of the cold war permitted the reforms that gorbachev sta

and how about the soviet union? ros has mentioned the important agreement at geneva that a nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought. there is also an extremely agreement to expand exchanges of all sort. we have had an exchange agreement from the nixon administration, which had lapsed during the carter administration because of the invasion of an interest in, whether we should cut off our exchanges over that i never understood. we got it restored, much expanded and the question was than what gorbachev allow that

>> former soviet union. over three years. former soviet union, united states and france. >> over how many years? >> a flee-year project. >> you finished the book when? >> beginning of this year. i finished the book just around september 11. >> of 2001? >> 2001. >> ok. i want to get some of this personal stuff out. time goes by so fast. you learn in here that yitzhak rabin who was the chief of staff of the army had a nervous breakdown? >> he did. physical and nervous breakdown. >> did he ever admit this? >> eventually he did. >> when? >> a week into the crisis. a week after egyptian forces enter sinai and a week after the egyptians evicted unef. >> before june 5. >> well before. two weeks before. >> you also learn that moshe dayan had a breakdown in the 1973 war. did he admit that? >> he had it publicly. it was difficult not to. >> what does it look like for both of these gentlemen? >> rabin it happened behind the scenes. he disappeared for 36 hours. dayan was interviewed on tv and was semicomatose in 1973. it was quite appare

that was the case with the penetration of the government by agents of the soviet union. on all of which fronts chambers was most instructive. and repeated by the new information, one was the extent alluded to by the prius speakers of penetration. not only formidable in terms of numbers but in the level of penetration, there are many of these agents and many posts of power but he was not alone. another was harry dexter white of the treasury department. another was lot creek in the white house. these up tough soviet agents at high levels and the government. the second point -- let me follow-up little bit. all of that, he intimates in "witness," is confirmed over again in records from the soviet union, the encryption is which were secret messages send back and forth between the moscow bosses and their agents, the caller was broken by cryptology since the 40s. there were other records from the soviet union and papers which had recently come forward affecting kgb agent who names many suspects he knew about fro kgb records in moscow. and fbi files, hundreds of thousands of pa

has ever since its cooperation with the soviet union with the. cooperation while there is a sin. fact but we as russia as the russian federation have not provided anything to syria that could be used as a defensive war and what we have provided are defensive weapons and. defensive systems there is also a well known fact we we have discussed it on numerous occasions and we don't see how it can be used within the context of a civil war we are not supplying the opposition with any weapons. to the country for international stakeholders and actually those arms are becoming ever more lethal because we don't have. one hundred of our special operations. around syria. i guess you could say some of the parties are directly involved in syria but that's not the russian federation thank you so so much. just. one last comment. there and. it will be. the conflict has been going on in syria. it is really indispensable that this conflict is finished in two thousand and thirteen and hopefully at the beginning of two thousand and thirteen at the end of two thousand and thirteen. again i think that.

to the soviet union. it was cut off from any financial support for two decades it's a curious site for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops. are a bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing guys it's a rough few years but you can buy. your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add the morning

it is essentially a picture of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades curious for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russians travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local souvenir shops so between. i believe it is a big hit the defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing. it's the russians who in your words you can simply. make your own also. your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like bond it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the little you know authentic traditional. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even the local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian song

outpost now it's one of the soviet union's last preserved relics. is essentially a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades he's a curious sight for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russians travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local seventy or shops. bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing guys it's a rough year for what you can. grow. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourist operators if you come into a very authentic place like farms should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest the thing to change even for the better is not always good

i blew up, not for the first or last time, and said, how can it be the head of the soviet union dies, and we have no contingency plan. it was criminal, said the president. the truth was the united states and the other western nations had very little idea of what was happening behind the iron curtain. two years later at the first summit meeting of the cold war era at geneva in 1955, the united states still did not know who was running the soviet union. they sent four leaders, one tall white man in a white suit with a white goatee who looked like colonel sanders from kentucky fried chicken, clearly, a figure head. the head of the red army, ike's ally in defeating the nazis in world war ii. eisenhower spent his son, john, to do some spying. subdued and shaken, just whispered, "things are not as they seem." presidentize -- president eisenhower found out who was in charge on the fifth day of the conference. the big pier of the nuclear age was a surprise attack. proposed each country allow the other country's reconnaissance plane to fly overhead to detect preparations for a sneak attack. th

basically the soviet union and communism and the things that emanated from it. the intelligence community, the counter intelligence community was all focused on communism. as the conservative movement grew into the 60's and 70's, continually communism was the focus. as i mentioned, the other strands, libertarians are economic conservatives, some of whom were actually read it -- rather critical of the anti-communist because they felt it meant that it just increase the size of government, but nevertheless, they were second stringers, if you will. contemporaries at chambers and russell kirk as well. richard weaver represented the other two strands of it. but until the 70's probably communism was the dominant thing. something i have wondered about is, when ronald reagan was elected, whether, as you look at the history of the conservative movement, anti-communist and became much less of a deal, and i wonder if with ronald reagan the people that were anti-communist felt that they now have this anti-communist and charged it was the commander-in-chief and felt comfortab

the soviet union contains the seeds of its own destruction. many of the problems we saw at the end begin at the very beginning. i spoke already about the attempt to control all institutions and all parts of the economy and political and social life. when you do that, you create opposition and potential dissonance everywhere. if you tell all artists they have to paint the same way, and one says i do not want to, you have just made him into somebody who might otherwise have been a political -- a-political. if you tell boy scouts they have to be young pioneers, and one group decides they do not like that, so they form a secret underground group, you have just created another group of political opponents. the system created posset -- pockets of resistance. just as important, the other element you can see from the beginning is the gap that is growing between the ideologue the rigid ideology -- between the ideology. bit does not happen that way. it happens but not really. or there is some growth but the west is growing faster. the fact that the syst

the problem is within the soviet union, they don't know who's in charge. they're busy dealing with, you know, killing off baarrhea. there's such tumult within the soviet union, basically, nobody's in charge. it takes them two years really, and we don't have any good intelligence on what's going on in the soviet union. the first cia station chief was caught, in moscow, was caught in a honey trap, a kgb set-up with a prostitute. so the cia didn't have anything going there. it was called the deny territory in the world war ii lexicon, so we didn't really have good intelligence, and things were chaotic. i don't think there was a deal to be had because there was really sort of nobody on the other side. nonetheless, nonetheless, you know, maybe if we tried a little bit harder, it's one of these what ifs if you can endlessly ponder. i believe there are scholars who believe a missed opportunity in our rigid cold war thinking. john foster dulles was very resistant to negotiation, that's true. sort of those what ifs that sort of lurk out there and may never be resol

now and then but russia putting in performances for the soviet union would have cried and i would bet that the train is i'm told me ten are so funny to teach one of the all bodes well for the russians with the winter olympics in sochi just trying to corner one of the stand up players at this tournament has been pummeled out so you could fit in with native is one of the world's best two way send is as don't go from a crime with his impressive claim including a country against the czech republic which russia won six nail however the former detroit red wing knows only too well the pressure his side will come under when the games get underway so lots of pressure on. when you will choose out of choice when you're looking to chat with can do best. special loss of pressure for us over a few barren years there is suddenly a new buzzword in russian hockey which certainly been held by a number of the country's n.h.l. stars returning home juge of a long couch there is still much that can change ahead of a such olympics but the fact is fate getting ahead of the competition could prove invaluable

there was a burgeoning mining community there the soviet union was determined to maintain its own costs particularly located halfway between north america and western europe the space bergen archipelago is part of norway but a special status that allows other countries to set up industrial bases here in the middle of the cold war it served as the use of stars westernmost outpost now it's one of the soviet union slask preserved relics. is essentially a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades he's a curious sight for western tourists and other things. it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russian film until coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local souvenir shops so he married bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing. it's all rushing through your words you can't play robles for almost. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these mode

and then with russia putting in performances for the soviet union would have crowded as more than that to train as i'm told we told our so firmly to tikkun up all bodes well for the russians with the winter olympics in sochi just trying to corner one of the standard players at this tournament has been pummeled out so you could fit in with native was one of the world's best two way send is as don't go last from a crime with his impressive claim including at one trick against the czech republic which russia won six nail however the former detroit red wing knows only too well the pressure his side will come under when the sorts of games get under way a source of pressure on him. when he will choose out of choice with the chair over the line with what can do best to special pressure force over a few barren years there is suddenly a new buzzword in russian hockey which certainly been held by a number of the country's n.h.l. stars returning home juge of a lockout here there's still much that can change ahead of a such olympics but the practice for getting ahead of the competition could prove

and then with russia putting in performances for the soviet union would have crowded as more than that to train as i'm told we tell ourselves from the to tikkun of all bodes well for the russians with the winter olympics in sochi just trying to corner one of the standout players at this tournament has been pummeled out so you could fit in with native was one of the world's best two way send is as don't go last from a crime with his impressive plane including a one trick against the czech republic which russia won six nail however the former detroit red wing knows only too well the pressure his side will come under when the games get under way as well as a pressure on. when he will choose out of choice wing of the chair over the line with what can do best the way home and special pressure force over a few barren years there is suddenly a new buzzword in russian hockey which certainly been held by a number of the country's n.h.l. stars returning home juge of a lockout you know there is still much that can change ahead of a such olympics but the practice for getting ahead of the competiti

of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades curious for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russians travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russian film until a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so we claim or bill it is a big hit the defunct arn curtain still helps keep the money flowing. it's a rush. the local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists. coming to a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the you know authentic tradition. like to have it in a shiny condition to be on those this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to die repertoire the audience called the wanted to hear it was a song comfortably familiar. hello again a welcome to spotlight the interview sh

of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades curious interested i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so between. bill it is a big hit the defunct aren't curtain still helps keep the money flowing guys it's the russians doing your show but you can't play robles filmmaker almost no good girl you are the local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts i'm not very popular with tourist operators if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part also the let you know authentic traditionally up there. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on those this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add the morning russian songs to

have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades. he's a curious site for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russian film until mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so let me marry bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing. it's a russian thing you know what you can't explain. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on us this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to the repertoire of the audience cal

. >> rose: from russia, and the soviet union from going into europe once again, deterrence is mutually assured destruction. and so then, does the question of value and life, different because of a culture that can produce suicide bombers mean that there -- means that will not work in the end or do you say no nationable and the leadership of no nation would ever, ever bargain initiate an action that assured their own destruction? >> well, one thing about the iranian leaders that they have in common with the leaders of terrorist groups like bin laden, they are not strapping on the suicide bombs, they are very willing to see young people and handicapped people and so on strap these things on, but their lives mean a lot to them, and that is something in our hip pocket it seems to me. they want to stay alive and they want to stay in power. >> rose: i want to talk about that. one quick question about what you believe with respect to iran. you believe that an attack by rael will be a terrible thing to happen, because it would only delay the inevitable acquisition of nuclear weapons and that k

picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades if you're curious western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travellers the local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourist operators if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way do so. it would be my wish i mean that's the part of the a little you know authentic traditionally opulent. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on and the time to change even for the better is not always good for business it's something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add the morning russian songs to their repertoire it left the audience called all they wanted to hear it was a song comfortably from there we are. you watching r t china's new government is ready for full make over promising to revamp its image for data dence and crack down on corruption so it's

of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades. for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russia's trying. to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so between. bill it is a big hit the defunct aren't curtain still helps keep the money flowing guys it's the russians doing your show but you can't play rivals for almost enough to. your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like non-sport it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on those they tend to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to their

of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades curious interested i think it could be even more appealing for russia. to keep its presence on spitsbergen russian film until a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local souvenir shops. bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing because it's a russian you know. you can't. you know your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like bond it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part also the a little you know authentic traditionally up. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on those this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even the local band has become attuned to when they try to add the morning russian songs to die repertoire the audience called all they wanted to hear it was a so

daryn's work was a burgeoning mining community the soviet union was determined to maintain its own costs. are located halfway between north america and western europe in archipelago is part of norway but a special status that allows other countries to set up industrial bases here in the middle of the cold war it served as the use of czars westernmost outpost now it's one of the soviet union slask out. preserved relics. is essentially a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades it's a curious site for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so between my bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing. it's all rushing through your words you can put in. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular

there innsbruck was a burgeoning mining community though the soviet union was determined to maintain its own costs to educate located halfway between north america and western europe in an archipelago is part of norway with a special status that allows other countries to set up industrial bases here in the middle of the cold war it served as the use of stars westernmost outpost now it's one of the soviet union slask tend to call it preserved relics used to be very strange is essentially a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades you. curious for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so he married bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing was it so rushing through in your words you can't explain robles. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more

daryn's work was a burgeoning mining community the soviet union was determined to maintain it oh costs. are located halfway between north america and western europe the space bergen archipelago is part of norway with a special status that allows other countries to set up industrial bases here in the middle of the cold war it served as the use of stars westernmost outpost now it's one of the soviet union slask preserved relics. the expenses are simply a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades he's a curious western tourists and i think it could be. even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so between moree bill it is a big hit defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing. it's a russian. you can't. grow. your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts are not very popular with touris

now and then with russia putting in performances for the soviet union would have crowded as well then that the train is i'm told we tell ourselves from here to tikkun of all bodes well for the russians with the winter olympics in sochi just trying to corner one of the standout players at this tournament has been pummeled out so you could sit in with native was one of the world's best two way send is as don't go last from a prior with his impressive plane including a country against the czech republic which russia won six nail however the former detroit red wing knows only too well the pressure his side will come under when the games get under way as well as a pressure on quality and. will choose our choice whether to share the little i worked with can do best the way home with a special loss a pressure forced over a few barren years very suddenly a new buzzword in russian hockey which certainly been held by a number of the country's n.h.l. stars returning home juge of a lockout here there's still much that can change ahead of a such olympics but the fact is bay getting ahead of the co

picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades he's a curious sight for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russians travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still until a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops. is a big hit the defunct aren't curtain still helps keep the money flowing. it's a rush through your. body. your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to their repertoire the audience called all they wanted to

is essentially a picture it was listening to the soviet union if it was cut off from. the financial support for two decades has a curious sight for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia fillin teenie a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local supernews shops so he married bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing guys it's a russian thing yourself but you can't play robles for almost enough to grow your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like non-sport should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on those they tend to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has bec

he studied the soviet union for decade, in of camps and out. he was the aforemost writer about it, and he said towards the end of his life, he said, i can't unprove what the simpletons around me said, that this happened because we forgot god. you might say, well, what about the jihadists, they make a lot of god too. these issues are very, very slippery. i must say how grateful i am to be here at this symposium and with these colleagues, thank you. [applause] >> just briefly before opening to questions, further to what i heard, and, you know, chambers, the title of trillings novel, the middle of a journey, is referenced to first sentence of dante's devine comedy, and in "dante inferno," you get one picture after another of the people that on earth surrounded him, and it's a picture, hypocritical person after another. the surrounding climate of opinion there in italy at the time, and that's so telling and in terms of "witness" to chambers', a great book, and that's the tone i get, that book, more importantly than anything else, which was that he

it is essentially a picture of what would have happened to the soviet union. if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades it's a curious site for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia still maintaining a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local server near shops so between my bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing guys it's a reference to your words you can't put a. link there on the ground you are the local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a loc

policies were not in the interest of the soviet union. that took a gorbachev, and it also took the very improbable soviet leader who would risk his own position in order to to try to do what machiavellian said is first a possible. that is, to change the institutions in your country. he ran great risks, and ultimately he wasn't successful. but he was successful in most of the things that made a real difference to with. so without the two of them i don't know how this was going to happen. spent roz, do you share that view? >> i do share that view. i happen to believe that those big chapters in history, big men with the courage of an idea, coverage of facing her own political futures on the line. i'm a great believer in the. but marvin, and in this chapter, this is an anniversary. we haven't quite gotten to december yet in our discussion because there was one thing for the leaders to meet and come up with a broad outline but there's another -- for many people in this room today and across washington, today who are observing this anniversary,

picture of what would have happened to the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades is a curious site for western tourists and i think it could be even more appealing for russian travelers to keep its presence on spitsbergen russian film until a coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops. is a big hit the defunct are incurred still helps keep the money flowing. it's a russian. you can. draw. your. local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourists if you come into a very authentic place like bond. should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part of the let you know authentic tradition here. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be honest this time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to their repertoire the audience called all they wanted to hear

under the old soviet union, it was a center of organized crime. now odessa has become a major hub for the global sex trade. women are lured to the port of odessa from all over the struggling countries of eastern europe with promises of badly- needed work abroad. many are unaware of what the traffickers have in store. the production team has set up cameras here. >> we knew that if we wanted to get inside the story that we had to be in a place where it was so prevalent that everybody would have an example or know people who were trafficked. and that's what brought us ultimately to odessa. >> narrator: frustrated with an inability to chase the traffickers overseas, the ukrainian secret service has given us a tip about a suspected sex trader who regularly brings girls through here. across from the port, on the famous odessa steps, we secretly film as she traffics young women to turkey. we've been asked to call her olga. >> the secret service said that she runs a legitimate business as a cover, and she basically takes women from moldova and ukraine to

while inspired by events in the soviet union, was not limited to the soviet union. the senate foreign relations committee and the senate finance committee both voted unanimously to report a version of the magnitsky bill that applies its sanctions globally. senators cardin and kyl have worked on a bipartisan basis to build support for that global standard, and i strongly support their effort. i commend them on their effort. so why is it that the senate committee reported bill is not the bill before the senate? why would we deny visas only to russian human rights violators? why diminish the universality of the values that the magnitsky bill seeks to uphold? applying the sanctions contained in this bill solely to russians as the house version does not only diminishes a universal value, because it adds a political twist, it will stoke a nationalistic response in russia. if this bill does not apply the same rule to all human rights violators, if it singles out russian human rights violators, president putin will no doubt appeal to the nationalistic passions of many russi

that question because, in a way, the soviet union and the soviet system in eastern europe contained the seeds of its own destruction. many of the problems that we saw at the end began at the very beginning. i spoke already about the attempt to control all of the institutions and control all parts of the economy and political life and social life. one of the problems is that when you do that, when you try to control everything, you create opposition and potential dissidents everywhere. you tell of artists that they must pay the safety of paint the same way and one says he doesn't want to, you have just made him into a political dissidents, somebody who might otherwise have been apolitical. if you tell was cut troops that they're not allowed to the boys' deaths anymore and now they have to be young pioneers, which is what happened in number of countries, and one group is set decides they don't like that and so they form a secret underground boy scout group which actually happens. underground scouts were very important in poland of throughout the communist time, you just created another gr

of the soviet union if it was cut off from any financial support for two decades yes a curious interest and i think it could be even more appealing for russian troops. to keep its presence on spitsbergen russia. coal mine here but in terms of profit is far behind local shops so between. bill it is a big hit the defunct are incurred and still helps keep the money flowing guys it's the russians in your words you can't explain rumbles there on the ground your local administration is increasingly under pressure to bring the infrastructure up to more than standards if these modernization efforts are not very popular with tourist operators if you come into a very authentic place like. it should stay the way it is that would be my wish i mean that's the part also the let you know authentic traditionally up to. i should not i would not like to have it in a shiny condition to be on as the time to change even for the better is not always good for business something that even a local band has become attuned to when they try to add morning russian songs to die repertoire the audience called the wan