host: russell evans, energy specialist with oklahoma university's business school. thank you for your time. guest: it is fantastic. a beautiful morning here in cushing, oklahoma. cold, solooks a little thank you for hanging with us. guest: thank you. host: next we will talk to brad shamla from enbridge, and he will take your questions about how pipeline infrastructure works -- how it is built, maintained and monitored, and first, a little more from our visit to pushing. we talked to brett anderson about the price of oil over the years. [video clip] i can remember it at three dollars a barrel. it was an interesting thing. it peaked at about $30 or $40 a thenl in 1981 or 1982, and it went down as recently as 1999 -- this is not what many people realize -- oil fell to less than $10 a barrel. 1999, just 13, 14 years ago. it was less than $10, and then $140, andd up to drifted back to around where it is today. producer, if it is $100 a barrel, he does not get $100, he has to pay the royalty, which isd to be 1/8, and now it 3/16, or 25%. it has to pay for expenses and for