menachem was hiding in lithuania then sent to the soviet gulags. when stalin released the polls to fight the nazis he joined a jewish unit and went to palestine and became the head of a terrorist organization directing its energy at that time toward the british. this was very controversial because the british were still fighting the nazis at the time but his goal was to expel the british from mandated palestine. i think you can argue that he did. he was a very relentless and imaginative terrorist leader, and day after day after day, and he had an ability to capture headlines. notably, you know, when the british hanged three convicted terrorist he hanged two british sergeants and booby trapped their bodies. he blew up the king david hotel which was the most luxurious hotel in the region at this time. >> charlie: you will unde un-- l under his leadership. >> yes. and i think the events had an effect of turning britain against the occupation of palestine. they turned it over to tun. after the british left, he turned his attention the palestinians. mos

menachem begin is only in office for a year, when this happens, his election was the greatest surprise in israel's his. he was -- the prime minister, first prime minister of israel called him a little hitler, he was a face fascist, a racist and they were embarrassed and summed he's elected the prime minister. it's called the great reversal in israel. he was an obstructionist and his goal was to expand the country of israel. not contract it. >> the idea they would somehow give up, totally against what he stood for. >> these were men were very -- >> so the individual personalities, you couldn't imagine coming together and the circumstances seemed completely unlikely. >> well, it was rosalynn carter's idea to take -- >> she's actually a very important part of the story. >> oh, yeah, she was very helpful to me. you know, this started as a play. >> indeed. >> and the producer was carter's media advisor and took me to plains and introduced me to the president and first lady. >> first time you'd been? >> no, i met carter a couple of times before and interviewed h him. >> not mrs. carter. >> a

." >>> it's been 20 years since the death of the revered lubavitch leader, rabbi menachem schneerson. this year, as usual, rabbis in ç his movement mourned his loss at his gravesite in queens. they enjoyed each other's company, and their mission of reviving jewish awareness and practice. and they posed for their annual group photo -- about ç 4,200 rabbis, from all over the world. finally, advent starts this sunday -- the christian season of preparation for christmas. for many families, part of the tradition is the advent calendar, with its tiny doors opening up to a new religious symbol each day. but this year, there's a new degree of christmas commercialization -- advent-like calendars promoting products. here's one for a line of tea bags under the mantle. body shop has its version, and so do starbucks, sephora and the pottery barn. that's our program for now. i'm bob abernethy. you can follow us on!dwitter and facebook and watch us anytime on the pbs app for iphones and ipads. there is also much more on our website, where you can listen to or watch every program. join us at pbs.o

menachem was hiding and was then sent to the soviet gulags. he joined an old jewish unit and went to palestine. there he became the head of a terrorist organization -- he was directing his energy, at that time, toward the british. this is very controversial because the british were still fighting the nazis at the time. his goal was to expel the british from the mandated palestine. and you can argue that he did. he was a very relentless and imaginative terrorist leader. day after day after day, he had an ability to capture headlines. notably, when the british hanged three convicted terrorists, he hanged two british sergeants and booby-trapped their bodies. he also blew up the king david hotel. it was the most luxurious hotel in the middle east at that time. >> this was all under his leadership. >> yes. and those events did have an effect in turning britain against the occupation of palestine. they turned it over to the u.n. after the british left, he turned his attention to the palestinians. most notably, there was a little village near jerusal

menachem was hiding and was then sent to the polish gulags. he joined an old jewish unit and went to palestine. there he became the head of a terrorist organization -- he was directing his energy, at that time, toward the british. this is very controversial because the british were still fighting the nazis at the time. his goal was to expel the british from the mandated palestine. and you can argue that he did. he was a very relentless and imaginative terrorist leader. , he hadr day after day an ability to capture headlines. notably, when the british hanged three convicted terrorists, he hanged two british sergeants and booby-trapped their bodies. he also looted the king david hotel. >> this was all under his leadership. >> yes. and those events did have an effect in turning britain against the occupation of palestine. they turned it over to the u.n. after the british left, he turned his attention to the palestinians. most notably, there was a little village near jerusalem that he felt had to be taken. he says that there was a sound at 4:00 in

when menachem was born, was he issued a birth certificate by the israeli authorities? >> yes. >> and the united states recognizes that as a lawful exercise of israeli authority, to issue a birth certificate for a child born in jerusalem? >> i believe they do, your honor. >> so what this is a question i would ask the solicitor general, but i don't completely understand what the position of the united states is regarding israeli sovereignty over jerusalem. i understand it is the position of the united states that israel does not exercise full sovereignty over jerusalem, but in this instance, the issuance of a birth certificate, and others i can think of, i suspect the united states recognizes that israel is lawfully exercising attributes of sovereignty over the territory of jerusalem. is that correct? so if someone let's say an american citizen committed a crime in jerusalem, would the united states take the position that the israeli government has no lawful authority to prosecute that person for the crime? >> i do not believe so, your honor. i believe that they would fe

. >> may i ask you another factual question, when menachem was born, was he issued a birth certificate by the israeli authorities? >> yes. >> and the united states recognizes that as -- as a lawful exercise of israeli authority to issue a birth certificate for a child born in jerusalem? >> i believe they do, your honor. >> so, this is a question i would ask the solicitor jeep, but i don't completely understand what the position of the united states is regarding israeli sovereignty over jerusalem. i understand it is the position of the united states that israel does not exercise full sovereignty over jerusalem, but in this instance, the i shall what happens of a birth certificate and others i can think of, i suspect the united states recognizes that israel is lawfully exercising attributes of sovereignty over the territory of jerusalem. is that correct? someone, say an american step committed a crime in jerusalem, the united states take the position that the israeli government has no lawful authority to prosecute that person for the crime? >> had i do not believe so, your honor. i belie