did the union kill the herald tribune? for 40 years, united auto worker presidents walter reuther, leonard woodcock and douglas fraser won higher pay for their members. why in 1979 would fraser agree to take less? employers and labor unions like buyers and sellers, try to make the best deal for themselves. labor and management: how do they come to terms? with economic analyst richard gill we'll examine that question on this edition of economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. fewer than 1/3 of american workers are covered by union contract. but organized labor's strength at the economy's pressure points-- the big smokestack industries, the arteries of transportation and communication-- make them a force to be reckoned with. for more than 75 years labor unions have been a fact of american economic le. how did they get power? we are childn ofmmignts. the largest number came here around the turn of the century. millions, most of them jewish or italian, unskilled and uneducated settled in new york city's crowded tenements. what ki

war aim of the union. confederate copper heads fantasized that such a convention might bring victory. either recognition of the confederacy, the first choice or as a fall back position, reunion on the south's terms. this was completely unacceptable in this debate. the hard liners for davis and his peace without independence was failure and the offering of peace proposals to the north was a sign of weakness that would only serve to stoke northern aggressi aggression. these hard liners agreed that the confederacy should work to weaken the north from within by encouraging the peace elements, but only clan destinely through an unofficial diplomatic mission based in canada. it would provide secret societies in the north. they catched such plots in new york to spark a financial panic and raiding prisoner of war carms in the northwest and arming the inmates to undermine the northern war effort. it's easy to dismiss these plots that came to naught as hair brained schemes based on delusional thinking. they reflecte

seceding from the union, and that resulted in maryland staying loyal to the union cause as well. so, fort mchenry was an important union fort during the civil war. i would also like to take you into a cell where we can also see where lincoln violated the constitution again. ironically, to help a confederate soldier. so, the cells we are about to walk past, this was solitary confinement during the civil war. suspected spies were kept here. you could almost look at this as the death row area of fort mchenry. there were three known executions here during the american civil war. i want to talk to about an execution that almost happened and it almost happened to the man who actually stayed in this specific cell. midway through the american civil war, an officer for the confederate, henry hall -- was arrested. he was arrested and put here at fort mchenry in this cell and accused of being a confederate spy. of course, that had the death penalty attached to it. he fully expected he would be executed by being hung after a few weeks or perhaps a few months. so you could imagine a mental an

the rest of the union troops that day, which was fleeing. his first large command was a colossal failure and many journalists consider him as having lost his mind. he was at shiloh in 1862. it is plagued with logistical problems. however, he was one the most trusted men that were continued through the war. sherman's march georgia as subsequent action of total war as he moved up the east coast earned him his final legend in the north. in virginia, grant would meet lee at the wilderness and begin a march that would culminate in a massive siege at petersburg, virginia. in 1864 was the last full year of the war. the army of northern virginia had had any victories under its belt. fredericksburg and chancellorsville were the biggest. meanwhile, the war machine of the north seemed to be stronger every day. when the army of the potomac at lee's army combined in the wilderness beginning on may 5, only a few miles west of lee's great victory, the first time the would face ulysses s. grant. while the name of the battle would go down in history as the w

to the union. dad -- dead, and others thoroughly but devoted to the union, that left one. bitter -- from his position as chief justice, he did all he could to support twart -- he -- voted against the constitutionality of lincoln's blockade of southern points. he drafted a hypothetical opinion challenging the constitutionality of the federal draft law should it come before the court. it didn't. he seeds over lincoln's emancipation proclamation. opposed to lincoln's policies, and so sure that the administration hated him for it, he wondered aloud after the decision in the habeas corpus case whether the president might order his arrest. 1863 and 1864, as union army may greater inroads into the confederacy, his opinions and he himself seemed more and more the relics of a bygone era. it came more and more under criticism. only six years between the issuing of the dred scott decision and the announcement of the emancipation proclamation, america was undergoing a radical transformation. the unionlincoln,

it reflects the fact that the vast majority, the war was about the union. it was a means to the end of restoring the union. so many hands. yes, ma'am. yes. >> is there any indication that the confederate military, either the common soldier or leaders were involved in either of the camps, the davis camp and the stephens camp? >> sure, if we look at the letters and diaries of the confederate soldiers, they followed the election carefully. we see that spectrum and the mental acrobatics. some believe very, very ar dantly that his election would be best. others felt it didn't make sense to put money in a northern party. others, their opinions changed based on battlefield fortunes and their morality at the moment. we do know, just let me give you the example of lee. a question for scholars is why did the confederates think they could begin the war to begin with? couldn't they crunch the numbers? the north had more of everything armies need. the answer is complex, but on the part of men like lee, the key hope was that a revolution in northern public opinion, divis

to, drive offhad the union fleet. one idea was, we have to come up with torpedo boats, and use the torpedoes as an offensive weapon, ram them into enemy vessels, sink the vessels, and once the union fleet is gone we can recapture morris island. he hired, you may be familiar with him, francis d. lee, one of the architects of charleston, was designing an army torpedo boat called "the torch." it did not do very well. she went out. what inspired this, there were bounties on union vessels. wasbiggest union ironclad the " ides."-- "new irons she had a $100,000, to sink the "new ironsides." they came close. it's a great story. wabash, the flagship of the u.s. fleet, $100,000. a monitor, $50,000. you could always find crew members to go out. gold,ys heard it was in which was preferred. around $25money, million if you sank the new ironsides. the company put out these bounties. >> before we get to the final bombardment, we need to talk aobut the blockade -- about the blockade runners. part of that, once battery wagner goes, wha

maybe the union should be given paid time to do its unionizing especially if in the contract. >> rich, from my perspective, too much money and time for the union organizing of federal workers. >> federal workers are paid in terms of salary and benefits 30% more than the average private sector worker. we learn right off the bat 9% less productive because they're spending time on these activities. glad you cited fdr. he wrote in 1937, government employees should realize the process of collective bargain kg not be transplanted into public service because you're pitting the employee not against the employer but against taxpayers. he understood that and was right. >> sabrina, it's not against management. it's against us. that they are now negotiating. >> that's right. that's right. and we're so's often concerned about workers not realizing that many of us are also working very hard, we're working hard to pay the bills every month and pay our taxes, and we don't want -- that's why sort of the opinion on labor unions have dropped precipitously in recent years. it's not just federal employees

to become the policy of the union government in washington. in a span of several months, congress enacted legislation forbidding slavery in the territories in defiance of the dred scott ruling and ending slavery in washington, d.c. congress also passed an act which made possible the emancipation of slaves owned by confederates. and then on january 1, 1863, abraham lincoln issued the whichpation proclamation, declared all slaves in nonunion held areas of the confederacy forever free. every one of these policies instituted by lincoln and republicans constituted a gradual, methodical assault on the dred scott decision. particularly on the slavery part of that decision. by 1863, slavery was slowly losing its grip on the southern states in the midst of war. in the meantime, it looked in the background. the chief justice held a unique position as the only southerner on the court to be part of the dred scott majority who sympathized with the confederacy. five of the seven justices in the majority had been seven or's. -- had been southerners. justice

the union might go to hell. this guy was found guilty by court martial, he was sentenced to be reduced to the ranks. and in front of all of his regiment they would cut off his stripes, so this is a very publicly humiliating action. they would do this at press parade and they would read his sentence in front of a thousand men at his regiment to make sure no one else acted alike. one more of these cases. private phillip curlin of the 11th iowa volunteers was court-martialed in february of 1863, a month after the emancipation proclamation for saying in front of his company that, quote, the president of the united states is an abolition son of a bitch and i would like to shoot him. curlin, in his trial, is right over the national archives, and it's kind of funny to read because he pleads not guilty, and he says, i don't think i said that. i don't have any recollection of saying anything like that. you would think you would remember if you did. but the court found him guilty and here is his sentence. curlin was sente

seceding from the union, and that resulted in maryland staying loyal to the union cause as well. so, fort mchenry was an important union fort during the civil war. i would also like to take you into a cell where we can also see where lincoln violated the constitution again. ironically, to help a confederate soldier. so, the cells we are about to walk past, this was solitary confinement during the civil war. suspected spies were kept here. you could almost look at this as the death row area of fort mchenry. there were three known executions here during the american civil war. i want to talk to about an execution that almost happened and it almost happened to the man who actually stayed in this specific cell. midway through the american civil war, an officer for the wasederate, henry hall -- arrested. he was arrested and put here at fort mchenry in this cell and accused of being a confederate spy. of course, that had the death penalty attached to it. he fully expected he would be executed by being hung after a few weeks or perhaps a few months. so you could imagine a mental anguish

the union might go to hell. this guy was found guilty by court martial, he was sentenced to be reduced to the ranks. and in front of all of his regiment they would cut off his stripes, so this is a very publicly humiliating action. they would do this at press parade and they would read his sentence in front of a thousand men at his regiment to make sure no one else acted alike. one more of these cases. private phillip curlin of the 11th iowa volunteers was court-martialed in february of 1863, a month after the emanse operation proclamation for saying in front of his company that, kwoiquote, the president the united states is an abolition son of a bitch and i would like to shoot him. curlin, in his trial, is right over the national archives, and it's kind of funny to read because he pleads not guilty, and he says, i don't think i said that. i don't have any recollection of saying anything like that. you would think you would remember if you did. but the court found him guilty and here is his sentence. curlin was

and they attack the federal fleet. the palmetto state damages the union blockader. the jacora takes on a large steamer called the keystone state. and i have to do this. i'm sorry. i have to do this story. side-wheel vessels do not make the best warships, because you can imagine, you know -- >> i knew he was going to work it in. >> i have to do this. and like comedians, historians steal from other historians, so i have to say i'm stealing this from craig simmons. but the first warships, the united states and most nations had, were side-wheel vessels. of course, if you hit a side wheel, it was a shot. it hurts. you can't do much. the jacora damaged the keystone state paddle wheel. so the keystone state is coming along, loses a paddle wheel, so it's kind of going like -- [laughter] the jacora was so slow, she wouldn't catch the one paddle of the keystone state. but, again, they could take on wooden vessels. and if wooden vessels could get into the harbor, they would be very formidable. they had very good armament. called brook cannons, massive rifled guns. the confeder

to the end of restoring the union. how many hands? yes, ma'am. >> is there any indication that the confederate military, either the common soldier or confederate military leaders, were in any way involved in either of these two camps, the davis camp, and the stevens camp? >> sure. if we look at the letters and diaries of confederate soldiers we can see that they followed the election very carefully and we see that spectrum of opinion and also the summer assaults of reasoning, the mental acrobatics on the part of the soldiers. we see some belief very, very ardently that mcclellan's election would be best. others felt that it didn't make sense to put stock in a northern party. others still, their opinions changed based on that of fortunes and they're morale at any given moment. we do know that just let me give you the example of lee. one of the huge perennial questions for scholars with the confederacy is, why did the confederates think they could win the war to begin with, as my students will sometimes say to me. couldn

all the naysaying goes away. lincoln is their man. the union has won the war. what's left, the public thinks, is nothing more than a mapup operation. sheridan goes through the valley. great. that just supports their point of view. later on sherman is going to move through georgia, wipe it out, fantastic. more evidence that they're right. this is just a cleanup operation. we've won. and this is how lincoln goes in to his re-election. sherman hasn't started his march yet. he does that the day after the election. but, northerners are buoyant after sherman takes atlanta. mcclellan understands that his own party, specifically the copperheads, have put a millstone around his neck. he tries to disavow that infamous plank. he tries to put distance between himself and it. he tries to talk about his loyalty to his men, and how he will do right by them. but nothing works. certainly not in the wake of atlanta. his efforts are pathetic, and unconvincing, and sway nobody. mcclellan cannot get around his own platform. and so instead you see lincoln re-elected. in a landslide.

the palmetto state damages the union blockader. the jacora takes on a large steamer called the keystone state. and i have to do this. i'm sorry. i have to do this story. side-wheel vessels do not make the best warships, because you can imagine, you know -- >> i knew he was going to work it in. >> i have to do this. and like comedians, historians steal from other historians, so i have to say i'm stealing this from craig simmons. but the first warships, the united states and most nations had, were side-wheel vessels. you have these side wheels. of course, if you hit a side wheel, it was a shot. it hurts. you can't do much. the jacora damaged the keystone state's paddle wheel. so the keystone state is coming along, loses a paddle wheel, so it's kind of going like -- [laughter] the jacora was so slow, she could not catch the one paddle of the keystone state. [laughter] but, again, they could take on wooden vessels. and if wooden vessels could get into the harbor, they would be fairly formidable. they had very good armament. called broo

defections from the union lines. joe, thank you for that question. please. please. >> we have time for one more. >> i'll promise a -- i won't though.a quick answer, [laughter] >> good evening. you talked about the -- can you about the nature of the presidentsetween the of the union and their military officers? lee and davis and lincoln and grant. thank you. >> thank you, chuck. extremely important, these relations. constitutional prescription -- we all know it's in the u.s. constitution. verbatime same wording vary in the confederate's constitution. be commander shall in chief of the army, navy, of the united states, and of the states.of the by constitutional prescription, the president has the right to involve himself in the war effort. not evenesident, george washington, who certainly during thedibility whiskey rebellion, wants to theme field command of army. the presidents want to work through the generals and admirals in charge of our armed forces. understanding the proper relationships, striking some of thelance

ultimately, his brigade left the field in much the same way as the rest of the union troops that day, fleeing from the rebel onslaught. his first large command was a colossal failure and many journalists consider him as having lost his mind. he performed well at shiloh in the spring of 1862 but managed a disastrous attack a few months prior to the 1863 seats to vicksburg. his march was plagued with problems. thehis performance at battle of chattanooga was also questionable. trusted his men in that relationship continued. sherman marched through georgia and moved up the east coast which earned him his final status as a legend in the north. in virginia, grant would meet lee at the wilderness and begin a march towards richmond that would culminate in a massive siege at petersburg, virginia. 1864 was the last full year of the war. the army of northern virginia had had any victories under its belt. fredericksburg and chancellorsville were the biggest. but attrition was taking a mighty toll on the south. meanwhile, the war machine of the north seemed to be stronger every day. when the army

the union might go to hell. this guy was found guilty by court martial, he was sentenced to be reduced to the ranks. and in front of all of his regiment they would cut off his stripes, so this is a very publicly humiliating action. they would do this at press parade and they would read his sentence in front of a thousand men at his regiment to make sure no one else acted alike. one more of these cases. private phillip curlin of the iowa volunteers was court martialed in february 1863, so a month after the emancipation proclamation, for saying in front of his company that, quote, the president of the united states is a damned abolition son of a bitch and i would like to shoot him. curlin, in his trial, is right over the national archives, and it's kind of funny to read because he pleads not guilty, and he says, i don't think i said that. i don't have any recollection of saying anything like that. you would think you would remember if you did. but the court found him guilty and here is his sentence. curlin was sen

future in the european union. and on immigration, merkel's point is quite clear. the free movement of people is something in the european union that's a basic principle. it's something that's not up for negotiations and it shouldn't be undermined. and he also said in this press conference, he pointed out that the european union should focus together with the uk on how to combat benefit tourism coming from other countries and the european union. >> what do you think as an observer of the debate here is being left out of the way that we are talking about it here in the uk? >> i think two points. i think first of all, emotions. because yeah, i really think it kind of reminds me of the campaign against the scottish independence recently. i remember cameron saying we are better together, and i think there should be a politician now to say to the uk, we are better together with great britain. because just think about what we did achieve in the last decade, for example. we achieve great things together. i think great bri

because the entire western part of the state was occupied by the union army. people know that west virginia used to be part of virginia, but they also don't know why they were able to become a separate state. one reason was the union army occupied that land. if rosecrans had done nothing else, if he had just done his service and then died or resigned, he would be an important but minor figure of the war. he was replaced in west virginia by john c fremont. fremont was the first republican domine for president in 1856. he had been in missouri in 1861. he was an ardent abolitionist, as far as generals went. he was always popular with the more radical element of the republican party, and i don't think it is stretching it to say it was a political dimension to him replacing rosecrans. he had voted for stephen a douglas. so where does rosecrans go? he goes to northeastern mississippi. he fights first under henry hallock and when hallock comes to washington, he fights under ulysses s. grant. two battles. the second was the battle of karen. these are in northeast miss

of the european union. the eu is also unpopular among british voters. >> the european union has to change. it has to regain trust. >> cameron has promised a referendum by 2017 on whether britain should stay within the eu. current polls favor a withdrawal. germany is no longer willing to fight for britain to remain a member of the u.s. all costs. >> britain must determine what's role it will lay in the you. >> prime minister cameron and chancellor merkel were once close political allies. but now it seems that cameron has overstepped the mark, by proposing to curb immigration within the ee you -- eu. >> freedom of movement is not negotiable for germany. that is what the chancellor said. >> last monday, chancellor merkel made the case for strong immigration within europe. >> how serious is this dispute? our correspondents in london and berlin standing by for some analysis. does david cameron feel support from berlin is slipping away? >> david cameron has not clearly set out his immigration policy. he is suppos

to become the policy of the union government in washington. in a span of several months, congress enacted legislation forbidding slavery in the territories in defiance of the dred scott ruling and ending slavery in washington, d.c. congress also passed an act -- the confiscation act -- which made possible the emancipation of slaves owned by confederates. and then on january 1, 1863, abraham lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation, which declared all slaves in nonunion occupied areas of the confederacy forever free. with the emancipation reclamation came black military service. every one of these policies instituted by lincoln and republicans constituted a gradual, methodical assault on the dred scott decision. particularly on the slavery part of that decision. by 1863, slavery was slowly losing its grip on the southern states in the midst of war. in the meantime, with the dred scott decision still on the , it looked in the background. the chief justice held a unique position as the only southerner on the court to be part of the dred scott

they were paid by the union. going after walmart, if you look at the facts, national retail pay is $11.39. the average hourly rate, not counting managers is $8.36. they are going after walmart because the private unions at 36%. they are under 7% right now. unions are dying in the private sector for a good reason. this is about union survival. >> the request from a walmart worker who is happy with her job. >> i can't tell you all, but walmart has been good to me. okay? i came here about a year ago. i started off as a customer service cashier, then a sales associate in electronics and then a manager within six months. >> what do you say to that worker? >> i'm happy to hear from that worker. equally, you will hear other workers not making a livable wage and when you don't have workers making a livable wage, that provides for an insecurity among the middle class and american workers and affects american prosperity. unions and labor are made up of workers and working to make sure they are receiving a decent and livabl

the rest of the union troops that day, which was fling. -- fling. his first large command was a colossal failure and many journalists consider him as having lost his mind. he was at shiloh in it is easy to a managed -- in a difficult 1862. managed -- in it is plagued with logistical problems. however, he was one the most trusted men that were continued through the war. sherman's march georgia as subsequent action of total war as he moved up the east coast earned him his final legend in the north. in virginia, grant would meet lee at the wilderness and begin a march that would culminate in a massive siege at petersburg, virginia. in 1864 was the last full year of the war. the army of northern virginia had had any victories under its belt. fredericksburg and chancellorsville where the biggest. meanwhile, the war machine of the north seemed to be stronger every day. when the army of the potomac at lee's army combined in the ,ilderness beginning on may 5 only a few miles west of lee's great victory, the first time the would face ulysses s. grant. while

kim is a long time board member of the union square and prior to that the union square board he runs good businesses and invites us out to lunch and holds meetings we have a team of ambassadors and cleaners he's also honoring them and recognizing them and he started off as a street cleaner and proud of 3 he's taking great pride in the neighborhood and each of his 5 businesses he's done an extensive outreach to the neighborhoods as mentioned we think this is a wonderful edition to the neighborhood. >> good evening. i'm kevin carol the executive director of the hotel council mr. kim and the golden gate grill reached it out work with our hotels and we immediately succeed them to mr. padilla to see if there's questions that process and the way he reached out speaks to his business and happy to work with on on a couple of boards we're supportive of this permit he's a great example how he works for and with the community and we recommend you approve this permit for him as well thank you for your time thank you. >> thank you. >> good evening, commissioners i'm asking you approve this golden

the union armies have to conquer the south. they have to go through the south and eradicate those men who have come to power in the confederate government. they have to get them out of power. on the confederate side, if lee, davis, joe johnson out west, can bring home victories, what they can do is essentially win by drop your the democratic peace party can take our for her then by 1855, the confederacy can be an independent nation in and of itself. that is what they think. the confederates, in 1864, have very high hopes, hayek citations. -- high expectations but it was written that the spirit of both officers and men points to one .esolve, and that is success a texas officer serving in the same texas brigade wrote debts on the eve of the overland campaign, that if the people at home could only see the spirit of this army, i am confident confederate currency would appreciate the value and be worth as much as federal gold. high hopes that these people have in the south, still. yes, they have had setbacks. which was anooga, fanta

the soviet union. ideologically it's hard to explain and not hard to empathize with people who said this is the real wave of the future. harry gold was one of these guys. when he lost his job in the great depression this is one of the first steps that led to radicalization. he is a courier later on for one of the most important atomic spy and he worked with rosenberg's ring. steve nelson is one of the most unknown of the atomic spy ring leaders. he was a primary recruiter for a lot of the university-based professors who were giving information to the soviet union. nelson was naturalized citizen. he wasn't a u.s. citizen to begin with. he spent time in spain in the spanish and the war. -- the spanish civil war. he was an american volunteer that fought alongside of the republicans in that time. he moved to russia for several years and returned to the united states in the early 1940's. be forewarned he was on the radar the minute he walked back in country. he was not somebody who was able to sneak back in

failure of military union -- the union forces to achieve military success that summer. in late august, however, republican morale soared because the democrats blundered at their national convention in chicago. where they nominated george mcclellan for president. they adopted a peace platform which asserted that the war was a failure and chose mcclellan's running mate as -- his running mate, george pendleton, an outspoken copperhead. a diarist in new york said it's refreshing, better opponents of lincoln join in it hartley, denouncing the democrats. one of those bitter opponents was theodore tilton. he confided to a fellow abolitionist, anne e. dickinson, i was opposed to lincoln' nomination now it becomes the duty to present a front. the republican platform, like cleveland's convention platform, called for a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery throughout the nation is best in american history, tilton said, we can pardon something to a second-rate candidate. while lincoln might not be an a idea standard bear per, it would be criminal to -- to divide it would be t

all the nay saying goes away. lincoln is their man. the union has won the war. what's left, the public thinks, is nothing more than a mop-up operation. sheridan goes through the valley. great. that supports their point of view. later on, sherman is going to move through georgia, wipe it out. fantastic. more evidence that they are right. this is just a clean-up operation, we have won. this is how lincoln goes into his re-election. sherman hasn't started his march yet. he does it the day after the election. northerners are buoyant after sherman takes atlanta. mcclellan understands that his own party, specifically the copperheads, have put a mill stone around his neck. he tries to disavow that infamous plank. he tries to put distance between himself and it. he tries to talk about his loyalty to his men and how he will do right by them, but nothing works. certainly not in the wake of atlanta. his efforts are pathetic and unconvincing and sway nobody. mcclellan cannot get around his own platform. so, instead, you see lincoln re-elected in a landslide. he wins by some

given the broad outlines here, you don't like the way the teacher unions spend your union dues on politics, to want that to and and you want your money back. i believe under the law you can say i don't want to spend my union dues on this clinical activity and you can get your money back, you can opt out of that can't you? >> actually our lawsuit is about getting teachers right to decide for themselves whether to fund a union at all. what is going on a teacher's are being trampled in the united states by laws that force us to find these unions and refunded the policies and politics whether we agree with them or not. so we are funding not only over political activity, but also funding collective-bargaining, which is largely political as well. you mentioned the opportunity. stuart: so we said initially you want your money back because the union dues have been used for political folks which you don't approve of. but in fact you're going after the idea of forced unionization in the teaching profession. that is what you are really aiming at here, correct? >> very good, you've got it right on the

to join the union. a rational decision by these young people. there was no other outlet for them. no other outlet as there wasn't for the people who preceded them. so i wouldn't be so concerned about whether or not they're going to -- they're not going to go out on the field on saturday. that's not the makeup of these young men.

they are left over from the days of the former soviet union. right now, the self-declared people's republic is largely dependent on russia. another convoy has just arrived from moscow bringing badly needed food supplies. after months of fighting, most people in the city of den yes card dependent on outside aid. most of the elderly have not received their pensions for months. outside the municipal offices, the subject of new russia is on everyone's lips. only a few dare to express a contrary opinion. >> ukraine -- i don't want to live in russia. russia should leave us alone. i don't need new russia. ukraine is my homeland. i'm russian by origin, but this is my homeland. i love ukraine, and i want to live in ukraine. >> others quickly shout out their disagreement. "my parents built on yet," one lady cries. "who are you to give it away?" many others, young people especially, don't dare to voice a love of ukraine in republic. they face too many threats. and yes goes once a melting pot of different cultures. these days, most people here seem to have

the unions want these jobs. construction jobs are temporary. it's two years temporary. infrastructure jobs -- >> not the ones around me. the original guys are paving the same highway. >> infrastructure. >> you are right. in the definition, they are temporary jobs. >> it's an excuse. >> i hear where you are coming from. why are these jobs not every bit as meaningful as the others they rave about? >> the only thing the president could cling on to and it sounds crazy, consider -- >> did you call the president a cling on? >> oh, no. cling on to. this year, we created more part time jobs than full time. >> that's fine. >> every first friday of the month, the administration brags about job creation. >> seasonal jobs over the holidays, they are temporary. >> then we talk about the solar and wind projects. we spend 2 billion, they need another billion. it's going to create 65 permanent jobs. they crow about it. they take photographs in front of it. they are high paying jobs. they are jobs where people send kids to colle

but just like in california, the unions are fighting the lawsuit. new york state united teachers filed a motion to dismiss the suit, its president saying: "tenure is an important safeguard that ensures children receive a quality education. it enables teachers to speak out in the best interest of their students, and it protects academic freedom." arguments in the new york lawsuit are expected in january. >> brangham: what are the laws surrounding teacher tenure in your state? odds are, they could be changing. for more, visit newshour.pbs.org. >> brangham: before we leave you tonight, u.s. gun sales saw a major spike on black friday's, resulting in a record number of background checks. this, according to the f.b.i., which says it received more than 144,000 background check requests in just one day. that's more than three times the daily average. returning to egypt, thousands of demonstrators took to the streets in central cairo, protesting the dismissal of charges that former president hosni mubarak was responsible for killing hundreds of demonstrator

neither the union, nor the deutsche bahn. both would have to admit that they lost face. >> outside company headquarters in berlin, union members gathered in a show of solidarity with their boss. among them were several conductors. the gdl wants to win the right to negotiate on their behalf as well. >> what we are calling for is to independently negotiate for our members. we will not let anyone dictate that we are not allowed to do this. >> relief that this latest strike will end soon could be short-lived. the union had faced mounting anger from both the german public and companies whose losses have also steadily mounted. but the union also knows it has the support of german courts. >> departed of palestinian president mahmoud abbas blamed hamas for coordinated bomb attacks. a sufficient said no one was wounded, but the blast damaged homes and cars. the attacks come days before planned commemorations of the death of the font i found her, yasir arafat. how must seize control -- thomas -- hamas has denied responsibility and cond

try to quote unquote coursed them to stay in the union. so he was named as the chief of the mississippi militia and began organizing the mississippi militia. and looks forward with regret but realism to the possibility that there would in fact be military conflict and then he went home to his plantation along the mississippi river where he owned 113 slaves. he was a large slaveowner and while he and his wife were making rose cuttings on the morning of february 10, i think it was february 10, 1861 a messenger came with a telegram. the telegram was from montgomery alabama where a convention of delegates from the six and soon to be seven states were meeting and the telegram and formed him that he had been named provisional president of the confederate states of america. i think there were two basic reasons why they named him as president. one, he was known as a moderate and not as a fire-eater. the confederacy was trying to present to the world and especially to the states that had not yet seceded and for that matter even to the union states

failure of military union -- the union forces to achieve military success that summer. in late august, however, republican morale soared because the democrats blundered at their national convention in chicago. where they nominated george mcclellan for president. they adopted a peace platform which asserted that the war was a failure and chose mcclellan's running mate as -- his running mate, george pendleton, an outspoken copperhead. a diaryist in new york said it's refreshing, better opponents of lincoln join in it hartley, denouncing the democrats. one of those bitter opponents was theodore tilten. he confided to a fellow abolitionist, anne e. dickinson, i was opposed to lincoln' nomination now it becomes the duty to present a front. the republican platform, like cleveland's convention platform, called for a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery throughout the nation is best in american history, tilten said, we can pardon something to a second-rate candidate. while lincoln might not be an a idea standard bear per, it would be criminal to -- to divide it would be

and the union wasn't there except for a few forts. there were no union troops in the south. >> guest: yeah, that is exactly right. and that's something that a lot of people don't really appreciate because it's so obvious that it escapes attention. that is, unlike most rebellious or revolutionary movements, the confederate states of america began life in complete political and military control of nearly all of the territory that they claimed to control. they did not have to fight to gain control of the territory, of the resources, of the political institutions. they already had it. so basically, the con fed rahs is city could win the war merely by surviving. that's a huge advantage because it takes a lot more to invade and conquer than it does to defend and survive. another advantage or at least another quality that the confederate states had was potentially strong military leadership. not only davis himself, but a large number of fairly prominent army officers, graduates of west point made the commitment to join the confederacy, their

for the union cause. lincoln's admiration, respect for soldiers is why the president is endeared to our loyal army and a bond of mutual love and respect is cherished between them. there are many instances of his unfamed attachment to the soldier including countless errands of sympathy and love to other -- and love into the wards and hospital. lincoln's close relationship with the common soldier, so of whom refer to him as father abraham, rose in importance as an issue at the democrats no m nated general george mcclellan known for securing love and loyalty of troops pop there character traits high latlighte with coolness in the face of setback, resolve under fire by both radical republicans and democratic copperheads, a superior intellect, and according to one writer, a student of providence. a key to lincoln's success and the opinion of thare is his willingness to acknowledge the hand of god in events. moreover, he is a man without moral stain since his habits are as simple and pure today as they were in

the union far from the rail center. ulysses s. grant changed all of that. by the spring of 1864, grant served as general in chief of the entire united states army. as eastern theater commander and as commander of what i like to call army group grant, an admittedly anachronistic term which i will nonetheless use because it so accurately conveys the reality that he commanded a group of armies. in all of these capacities, grant carried the war from central virginia to the vicinity of richmond. in 30 days of almost incessant fighting, from the battle of the wilderness on may 5 and sixth, to the battle of cold harbor on june 1-3, he compelled the confederates to concede there forward position and confronted them with the constriction of the close and can find coverage of their capital. in a daring southward strike in mid-june, grant crossed the chickahominy river, crossed the mighty james river itself, and attacked the capital's crucial communication center, petersburg. his leading core overran the outer defenses but did not

>> well, orting to the gdl, the rail union, the head of which is becoming a more controversial figure by the minute here in germany almost, it will take quite week steps. we heard in the report this is about a lot more than just more pay and less working hours. this is on a point of principle. the union wants to not just be sitting at the table when those other groups of rail staff negotiate their pay and working conditions. they want to have a real say. they want to become a bigger union, be allowed to have more members, negotiate for them. of course, they have in the back of their minds that there is legislation on the way that might threaten gdl's very existence. that is possibly why this fight is so fierce. >> thank you very much for that. time now for some business news. it has been an offbeat day for europe's equity markets after the last -- lackluster performance. stocks bounced back. our financial reporter in frankfurt sent us a summary of the days trading. >> in the past, nearly always, after american midterm elections, stock markets rose during the following months on averag