they tore the union apart. and then you have black men, who by virtue of being african-american or enslaved they were thought of as the antithesis of citizens, but they fought for the union cause. you have a situation in which the notion of citizenship seems to be backwards. during the civil war and reconstruction, you have a reconceptualization of citizenship. particularly in the union, white northerners and westerners come to question their previous standards of citizenship. you see importance given to loyalty. not necessarily race. increasingly loyalty. this causes a reconceptualization of citizenship. you can also see african-american men making claims on citizenship on the basis of their loyalty. it could also potentially upset the gender hierarchy as well as women potentially could build upon their loyalty and stake a claim for full rights of citizenship or what they understood as full rights in the union. today, i am going to talk about shifts in understandings of citizenship in the context of several ma

they tore the union apart. and then you have black men, who by virtue of being african-american or enslaved they were thought of as the antithesis of citizens, but they fought for the union cause. you have a situation in which the citize notion of citizenship seems to be backwards. during the civil war and reconstruction, you have a reconceptualization of citizenship. particularly in the union, white northerners and westerners come to question their previous standards of citizenship. you see importance given to loyalty. not necessarily race. increasingly loyalty. this causes a reconceptualization of citizenship. you can also see, african men making claims on citizenship on the basis of their loyalty. it could also potentially upset the gender hierarchy as well as women potentially could build upon their loyalty and stake a claim for full rights of citizenship or what they understood as full rights in the union. today, i am going to talk about shifts in understandings of citizenship in the context of several maj

they phase out the need of the union. if these benefits continue across all the states unions are going to go the way of nothing. because what are they going to get you beyond that? imagine if we had a $30 minimum wage, they're not going to get you a pay rate higher than that. they can't negotiate a health benefit you already have from obamacare. it's nostalgic. we don't need it anymore because of these policies. >> lisa, could you weigh in now? >> look, i think this is a justification for what republicans have said all along. we said if you increased the minimum wage to something like $15 it's going to be a deterrent for businesses and it's absolutely going to be a job killer. i think what these unions are realizing is that businesses aren't going to want to pay that $15. so when you take it off the table and say, we'll take less, they know businesses are going to be more apt to allow them to unionize. what this is is a justification that republicans were absolutely right in their criticism of the minimum wage. >> jehmu?

the union army is in chaos. they have run scrambling, retreating from the field, back to their stronghold of chattanooga, tennessee, across the border. it is a mess. it is bad. all the confederate generals realize this is an opportunity. think about what just happened that summer, gettysburg, vicksburg. the morale in the north is sky high, the morale in the south is in the pits. all of a sudden, at chickamauga, it turns around. we have defeated a major union army. all of the generals go to their commanders, and say, we've got them, let's go. follow us up. bragg doesn't believe it. he doesn't believe the army has been that successful. he is cautious. so he delays, he has people underneath him who are going crazy that he has delayed. instead of what bragg, he kind of goes and looks, sees the union army there and in chattanooga. if you know the lay of the land there, it is really interesting. you have high mountains on two sides, and the tennessee river is right there and then chattanooga is right there. bragg look

they tore the union apart. and then you have black men, who by virtue of being african-american or enslaved they were thought of as the antithesis of citizens, but they fought for the union cause. you have a situation in which the notion of citizenship seems to be backwards. during the civil war and reconstruction, you have a reconceptualization of citizenship. particularly in the union, white northerners and westerners come to question their previous standards of citizenship. you see importance given to loyalty. not necessarily race. increasingly loyalty. this causes a reconceptualization of citizenship. you can also see, african men -- african-american men making claims on citizenship on the basis of their loyalty. it could also potentially upset the gender hierarchy as well as women potentially could build upon their loyalty and stake a claim for full rights of citizenship or what they understood as full rights in the union. today, i am going to talk about shifts in understandings of citizenship in the conte

the union blockade was declared april 19 of 1861. the idea was that the federals would position warships around the confederate coast, around southern ports and prevent vessels from coming in and out. running the blockade, was it legal? it wasn't legal in the eyes of union forces. it was legal in the eyes of the confederacy, because they didn't recognize federal authority in the seceded states. blockade running was mostly done as a private venture. anyone could become a blockade runner. if you had the capital or a vessel or the business interest and lots of people did. lots of folks, who were involved in other aspects of business, became involved in blockade running during the war because that was a way to maintain their businesses. how seriously did the federal government the union take blockade running? they took it very seriously. they realized from the beginningsbeginningof the war that they would need to devote a lot of resources to the mock blockade. the union navy was 40, 50 vessels at most in active service. very small. it ha

union. -- fort for the union. weitzel knows about reinforcing forts from his times in new orleans, and fort pickens is held in union possession all through the war. up north, there's a plan to strangle the confederacy. the anaconda plan. the concept was to blockade all the ports that would supply munitions and clothing to the confederacy, and the major point that needs to be blocked as the one in new orleans, the largest city in the south that controls the gulf of mexico's entrance into the mississippi river. mississippi being the backbone of the confederacy. the meeting is held in washington dc and we have officer david porter, president lincoln, secretary of the navy gideon welles, secretary of state william seward, general george mcclellan, secretary of war edwin stanton. they begin to talk about this need to seize new orleans. assault? plan that predominately, they plan to assault fort saint philip and fort jackson. the problem is these are yankees from the north and they do not know those forts. someone says

right now we're on the lower level of the original union station. where we're standing on this brick -- brick year is where passengers would have walked to get on their train, on track you would have had baggage carts, porters carrying luggage, passengers getting to and from, really cramped quarters, but this is where it all happens to get onto track one. this would have been open. it was enclosed in the 1990's, but that created an exhibit station for us. when the first union station was operating, this would have been your only protection from the cold, heat, and rain, and it would let you get on the train or down to the other concourse. there were 13 tracks operating out of union station here on track one we have three passenger cars. those allow people to walk through, get an idea what it was like to travel on the railroad. you see an idea of something that we don't normally get to experience here in the u.s. very much. we are inside the southern pacific lounge car. this is in the 1950's, mid-1950's and this is the type of car that you would have

in april, 1945, the soviet union led the japanese government know that the soviet union and japan had a neutrality pact. the soviet union was the only country that maintained neutrality, but anyway, so in april of 1945, the soviet union notified the japanese government that they had no intentions to renew the neutrality pact when it expired, because as a provision of the neutrality pact, you would have to notify them one year before or else it would be renewed for five years, so the soviet government notified the japanese government that they had no intention to renew the neutrality pact. but it also let the japanese government know nonetheless that neutrality pact was still in effect until its term was up, that is, in april of 1946, fully intending that they are going to wage war against japan. so under the cloak of neutrality, stalin began to reinforce the forces in the far east. he began sending more troops, weapons to the far east, secretly preparing for war against japan. the question is, then how would he justify the violation of the neutrality pact to enter the war? and he did

forced the union to abandon fort sumter, the confederate flag flew over the fort. but as the tide turned in favor of the north, charleston came under siege. time and again, the union tried to capture the fort, but the defenders wouldn't give up. the turning point finally came on july 18, 1863, when union forces attacked fort wagner on nearby morris island. >> and the 54th massachusetts regiment leads this attack. now, the 54th massachusetts was untried in battle. they're an all-black regiment that was raised up in boston. >> it takes seven attempts, but the union finally dislodges the defenders. from fort wagner, they battered the rebs into submission. >> they bombarded fort sumter for 22 months, beginning in 1863 and ending in february 1865, so it's the longest siege during the civil war, the longest siege in u.s. military history, and they bombarded fort sumter so heavily from that point that they completely shot away the top two levels of the fort during that time. and this is all the damage that was inflicted on the walls between 1863 and 1865 by the u.s. army

the union army is in chaos. they have run scrambling, retreating from the field, back to their stronghold of chattanooga, tennessee, across the border. it is a mess. it is bad. all the confederate generals realize this is an opportunity. think about what just happened that summer, gettysburg, vicksburg. the morale in the north is sky high, the morale in the south is in the pits. all of a sudden, at chickamauga, it turns around. we have defeated a major union army. all of the generals go to their commanders, and say, we've got them, let's go. follow this up. bragg doesn't believe it. he doesn't believe the army has been that successful. he is cautious. so he delays, he has people underneath him who are going crazy that he has delayed. instead of what bragg, he kind of goes and looks, sees the union army there and chattanooga. if you know the lay of the land there, it is really interesting. you have high mountains on two sides, and the tennessee river is right there and then chattanooga is right there. bragg looks

with the emancipation proclamation, that he had joined the army to protect the union, to save the union, but when he thought emphasis went over to the emancipation proclamation, he deserted from the cavalry. >> why did he choose mosby's command? eric: well, the fifth new york, he had already tangled with them a few times, came out on the very, very, very short end of the stick in those fights. [laughter] i mean, it is a great story that as far as i understand when i read it, when ames shows up to join mosby, somewhere out in the middleburg area, he was not mounted. so he hoofed it from the fairfax city area, germantown area, out to join up. the reason i believe that is true is because that night, he and another ranger named walter franklin turned right around and walked back into the same area from whence ames had come to steal horses as they could literally ride with mosby after that because franklin had also joined without a horse. that is the explanation given when he was finally pushed about it why he wanted to join. >> i will just add one thing. i i started on my talk by saying the

today we will attack the union fleet. to your cannon, to your death, we will sink before surrender." we are supposed to be practicing our ship, not fighting. as a result of buchanan's dynamism, the virginia would come out and sink the uss cumberland by 3:30 on the afternoon of march 8. that moment really creates that ironclad revolution that was so fondly talk about. buchanan, however, late in the afternoon, after forcing congress to surrender -- and i want to tell you, buchanan's brother is on board the congress. thomas buchanan. when the congress surrenders he sends some boats over to take off the wounded and the officers as prisoners. the union soldiers on the shore start firing at the congress and the confederate gunboats. and so buchanan gets so enraged. buchanan gets out and starts shooting at the troops on the shore. he is shot in the thigh, grievously wounded. the mini ball grazes his femur artery. as he is taken below he shouts to the men, "don't worry, men. the wound is not mortal. i will soon be back amongst yo

guest: the good news is i believe the european union has a future, but the caveat is the european union is facing its biggest trust test since -- biggest stress test since its foundation. they have to demonstrate to its partners and to the united states that it's able to handle its own crises at home and as abroad. i can see that the european union will have or member states that the 28 member states, meaning that some member states like the brits, germany will need more confidence to go forward and have more confidence in areas like lauren and security policy and other member states will -- anchor: i'm so sorry, we have to leave it there. zizi:á>úññ

the same way high energy prices allow the soviet union prices allowed the soviet union and russia to survive, low energy surprises means on the part of the united states that we're going to thrive economically. in addition to that, there's maybe let's say 12 technologies that are about to happen. how many of you have an iphone? the iphone didn't exist eight years ago. there are now about a dozen iphone-like technologies just ready to happen. it's going to be things like self-driving cars, robotic factories, 3d printing. it's going to be if -- i don't have a watch on right now, but i'm going to get one of those apple watches because that's going to be my doctor on my wrist who is going to do all sorts of things. telling me it's time to go up and it's not going to tell me -- it's going to measure my pulse from my heart rate to my medication. those old technology res inventsed here and available to the world in a short period of time. what that does, i think, is democracy thrive necessary a period of economic prosperity. and what is what is going to change the world. the world i'm looki

of the union fleet has virtually stopped in front of the the unione canyon -- fleet has virtually stopped in front of the confederate canon. one crew member has his legs taken off by a shot. he throws his arms up and a another shot whizzes through and takes his arms off. farragut shalt -- farragut submits -- what's amiss?" "torpedos." ee says, "damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead. -- ahead." the hartford swings out of line, and he doesn't want to swing toward the monitors because they are in a tight spot. they've stopped as well. farragut swings the hartford out and they go across the minefield, so to speak. there are 67 of them there, and it is said the crew could hear the snapping of the primers on the torpedoes against the hull of the hartford. but guess what? none ofthe them work. they have been out there too long. this is basically farragut luck. the manhattan turns to go toward the tennessee. buchanan and the other gunboats that are with him, the soma with four guns, the gain with six guns, and the morgan with six , the hartford actually rakes her. a shell will burst one of the pad

increased with the plight of the planters in the face of union advance. certain areas of the south, plantations and farms were confiscated for nonpayment of the direct tax levied on all of these. such land was subject to sale. prices that made purchase exceedingly difficult for the free people. even when they pooled their meager resources, they really rarely could gather enough funds to compete financially with white investors. many of whom were from the north. their inability to acquire the land through normal means led some to appeal to the man who had declared them free. one would be a landowner from the sea island, eloquent in sentiment, pleaded with the whites to "tell lincoln that we want the land. this very land rich with the sweat and blood of we back." he explained they were born on the land and their parents were buried in its soil. black men had fought with the union forces at fort wagner and in florida. and wherever the government had sent them, the man requested that lincoln instruct those in charge to apportion the lots in a way that would b

of the planters in the face of union advanced. certain areas of the south plantations and farms were confiscated for nonpayment of the direct tax levied on all of these. such land was subject to sale. prices that made purchase exceedingly difficult for the free people. even when they pulled their meager resources, they really could gather enough funds to compete financially with white investors. many of whom were from the north. their inability to acquire the land through normal means led some to appeal to the man who had declared them free. one would be a landowner from the sea island, eloquent and sentiment pleaded with the whites to "tell lincoln that we want the land. this very land rich with the sweat and blood." he explained they were born on the land and their parents were buried in its soil. black men had fought with the union forces at fort wagner and in florida. wherever the government had sent them, the man requested that lincoln instruct those in charge to apportion the lots in a way that would be more accessible to th

of the planters in the face of union advanced. certain areas of the south plantations and farms were confiscated for nonpayment of the direct tax levied on all of these. such land was subject to sale. prices that made purchase exceedingly difficult for the free people. even when they pulled their meager resources, they really could gather enough funds to compete financially with white investors. many of home from the north. their inability to acquire the land through normal means led some to appeal to the man who had to clear them free. one would be a landowner from the sea island, eloquent and sentiment pleaded with the white to "tell lincoln that we want the land. this very land rich with the sweat of blood." he explained they were born on the land and their parents were buried in its soil. black men had fought with the union forces at fort wagner and in florida. wherever the government had sent them, the man requested that lincoln instruct those in charge to apportion the lots in a way that would be more accessible to the local

in the soviet union. it is that the soviet union would remain a one-party nation even if an opposition party were permitted. because everyone would join the opposition party. not always patient. i do recall that on one occasion, sir winston churchill said about one of our most distinguished diplomates, it is the only case of a bull i know who carries his china shop with him. but as witty as sir winston was, he also had that special attribute of great statesmen, the gift of vision. the willingness to see the future based on the experience of the past. it is this sense of history, this understanding of the past that i want to talk with you about today for it is in remembering what we share of the past that our two nations can make common cause for the future. we have not inherited an easy world. if developments like the industrial revolution which began here in england and the gifts of science and technology made life much easier for us, they have made it more dangerous. there are threats now to our freedom

the soviet union. is the atomic bomb played a central role in truman's plans. haddecision to use the bomb it made while harry hopkins was in moscow on may 26, june 6. his mission was first and foremost a growing postwar european dispute. he would confirm arrangements for the soviet entrance into the war in japan. condition.new that condition was china would have to sign a treaty legalizing the delta accord before the soviets would go into war against japan. stalin thought he had some leverage over the united states, but he quickly dropped the conditions when he found out otherwise. stalin agreed to be a party to the trustees. as to japan, he confirmed the formula and confirmed that soviet forces would move by august 8. he also told him that russia would expect to share the occupation of japan and he wanted an agreement with us and british. yet noant there was of agreement on occupation. truman would support with fdr committed the united states would do in writing, but would not support that which had n

guest: the good news is i believe the european union has a future, but the caveat is the european union is facing its biggest trust test since -- biggest stress test since its foundation. they have to demonstrate to its partners and to the united states that it's able to handle its own crises at home and as abroad. i can see that the european union will have or member states that the 28 member states, meaning that some member states like the brits, germany will need more confidence to go forward and have more confidence in areas like lauren and security policy and other member states will -- anchor: i'm so sorry, we have to leave it there. damien: hello and a very warm welcome to "focus on europe," with some of the best personal stories behind the headlines. i am damien mcguinness. and we've got a great show lined up for you today. in finland, the long-lost children of hitler's army. in turkey, the authorities get tough. and ukraine, a new safe haven for the russian opposition. i can remember being quite shocked when i once heard how an elderly estonian lady had fond memories of one of

the resulted -- though battle andlted in union victory closed one of the last major ports. the victory, coupled with the fall of atlanta gave a boost to president abraham lincoln's bid for reelection just a couple of months later. the museum of mariners hosted this 45 minute event. [applause] john: there is an unseen battlefield in every human breast where two opposing forces meet and where they seldom rest. the battle of mobile bay is actually the story of a contest between the two highest ranking naval officers in the civil war, david glasgow farragut and franklin buchanan. if you think of two opposing wills, that is what you have happening at the battle of mobile bay. so first, i want to talk about who these characters are. first let's start with franklin buchanan, since he was on one of our ironclads here in hampton roads. franklin buchanan was born on september 17, 1800 in baltimore, maryland. his father the was founder of the maryland medical society and his grandfather was a signer of the declaration of independence. so he comes from a well-heeled family. he will bec

the unions took saturday and sunday to organize. on february 14, the students marched on the capital from campus. there were about 1,500 to 2,000 and delivered about 8,000 valentine's for the governor. they dumped them on the public desk and by the tuesday, february 15, they had organized and rallied and exp t expected between 10, 000 and 20,000 people. it was shut down to traffic. by the next day, the crowds grew even more and then the madison teachers and many of the teachers associations started a massive walk-out, call in sick. with the school shutdown, the crowds began to swell and we were up into the high 60,000 to low 70,000 people that descended upon the capital square. the following weekend, we had about 100,000 own the square there was no limit to how many people could come inside. we had almost 26,000 people inside and the building is not built for that. and wea measuring, decided that it could hold 9000. they would turn over, it was stagnant. 9000 and 10 others would come in come of because people left. so then at one po

the soviet union. both sides spied on each other. what was the difference? the difference was our two great systems. ours, we believed, represented some kind of reflection of our devotion to individual liberty. the soviet union was a prison for its people. there was a moral dimension to the soviet union in the comparison with the united states. tell me, what was the moral dimension in the snowden case? i'm not sure, you know, it could be that we did learn that our government can had overstepped in surveillance, but i don't think we can have intelligence agencyies if one man can rereese all the documents at will. release all the documents at will. those were an enormous amount of top secret material. and he took it upon himself to make that decision? i don't think it's the same. >> i have no doubts about your story, but i've heard some very disturbing things about the history of the cia. one is, is that james angleton was a raving paranoid and that for many years during his reign they just did not accep

union to almost a partnership with the soviet union -- how the two countries interacted, how the two leaderships interacted and what really happened. c-span: in your study, what's the most important date or event that changed it and created the turn? >> guest: well, i wouldn't say "date that created it," but if i had to pick one date as the epicenter, perhaps, of the turn, it would have been the reykjavik summit in october of 1986, just about five years ago from this fall. c-span: what happened there? >> guest: in this remarkable event, probably the most remarkable meeting of u. s. and soviet leaders, certainly since kennedy's meeting with khrushchev in vienna, reagan and gorbachev and shevardnadze and shultz sat down in a small room in reykjavik over a dining room table and started negotiating over their entire nuclear arsenal. they had on the table to be bargained with the entire stock of ballistic missiles in the arsenals of both governments which were the basic weapons underpinning their national power. at the end of the summit reagan even said -- and i have the quotes authentica

for the soviet union. they got much more sophisticated as the years went by. the cold war came, radar became very, very important and i will explain in a minute. let's just pause and think about tolkachev's life. at a secret institute to build radar which he was assigned after the university, he met a young woman named natasha. sasha worked in the antenna department. tolkachev was an engineer and natasha had a very tough life. her mother had worked in the timber industry in moscow in the 1930s. she was a communist party member working in a government ministry. one night the secret police showed up at her apartment. she was arrested on the spot and taken away. september 1937, the middle of stalin's purges, enemies are perceived everywhere. natasha's mother was accused of being a subversive and she was shot. natasha's father was scared. he ran to a friends house and hid in his friend apartment for a week. her father was a newspaper editor, editor of the party news paper. a week later, he too was arrested and

the soviet union. [laughter] and she says he is doing what i wanted to do maybe i should ask the captain for that resignation. another thing that happened i got back from a trip to china and we were lucky to land because it was snowing. she said how about coming over for supper. so we go over and all of a sudden they are asking me about the chinese leaders. can you find the bottom line. then they started asking that the soviet leaders because they know that i have dealt with them and i said he has never had an important meeting with the communist leader and he's trying to have one. so i had gotten permission into the object of the meetings were no big deal. so i said what if i bring them over here and they said that's a great idea. we'll take me ten minutes and i want to told him that this new leader was interested in a constructive dialogue. suffice it whatever you want. we were there for at least an hour and a half. and we talked about everything but at least after a certain time, ronald reagan focus

to take on the union in the semi finals of the u.s. cup, the union trying to make the finals for the second straight year. 75 at the start and the 90th minute. when i step inside we'll look at the shower chance on future tracker 6, and then great days in the forecast followed by another change. i'll have details coming up in the seven day, kind of hate to come inside. >> come on in any way david. >>> in other news, septa is holding yet another lottery nor toez that want a special pass for the pope's upcoming visit, these tickets for the norristown high speed line, 101 and 102 in september, the lottery opened just after midnight and will last until 11:59 tonight. we have a link on our website at 6abc.com. >> meanwhile, "action news" is going to pope francis's home town next week, jim gardner will be in argentina to meet the people and he'll have live reports at 6:00 and 11:00. >>> he is looking for a higher power to help his philadelphia eagles. prophet fatel is looking for the pope to bless sam bradford's knees. as of this morning a li

the union cass if he had. his close friend, william t. sherman talked him out of it. sherman would later say, i saved grant when he was drunk and he saved me when i was crazy. and that there's some stories behind that comment, but sherman did indeed talk grant into toughing it out. eventually halak was called back to washington to be commander in chief of all the union armies -- abraham lincoln was commander in chief. so grant began his campaigning against vicksburg. it went through several months, several phases, certainly don't have time to get into all of those. what grant learned, he was very deeply depressed about what happened after shiloh. it was when he figured out that the people in washington -- he had a good friend, congressman, named washburn, who was always on his side in washington. and so when he figured out that every time he stubbed his toe that lincoln and halak and ed win stanton, the second of war, were not going to fire him. when he got at confidence from the support he was getting from wa

do you see the current mood becoming a real threat to the african the union? costanze: i think it depends. what we're seeing now seems like the worst combination of potential crises in europe since, say, the end of the cold war, and that is something we have forgotten. it seemed as though the cold war could turn into something much more dangerous, as the soviet union fell apart, as we wondered what would happen with russia's nuclear weapons, and as yugoslavia fell apart, ending in the balkan wars, which were very bloody. certainly there is a tremendous amount of risk, and it's the hour for europe's politicians to get this resolved, to come to some consensus on solidarity regarding greece, regarding other countries in financial and economic duress. where this onslaught of refugees that need to be distributed in an equitable fashion across europe. sarah: we heard from the populist. do you expect them to win out, or do you expect greater integration to win out, to cope with all these challenges? the stanza -- costanze: for the populist to win out, they would have

the way the rule has been operating at the point is they try to unionize the corporation can cut off the franchise without any recourse. >> all right. didn't answer my question, but that's okay. >> i will. >> go ahead, jonas. >> sports and hollywood. this is why a higher federal minimum wage is the option to raise the wage base for workers than have unions negotiate. that is a lousier output thing. companies take advantage of temp agencies. that is why they've been growing for 30 years in this country to avoid rules put on them when insurance have to provide wages, et cetera. it would be great in theory, everyone would get a higher wage, it will be like the batteries that are recycled in america. they go to mexico because the rules are strict now, there are no rules in mexico and until a recycling case, they ool move that to mexico and the world will get more polluted than if it was done here. they need to raise the level of all workers in the world not just here because they're pushing the jobs to worse places. >> i have to get to gary. >> here's the problem. you are trying to chang

the emancipation proclamation, that he had joined the army to protect the union, to save the union, but when he thought emphasis one over to the emancipation proclamation, he deserted from the cavalry. >> why did he choose mosby's command? eric: well the fifth new york, he had already tangled with them a few times, came out on the very, very, very short end of the stick in those fights. [laughter] i mean, it is a great story that as far as i understand when i read it, when ames shows up to join mosby somewhere out in the middleburg area, he was not mounted. so he hoofed it from the fairfax city area, germantown area, out to join up. the reason i believe that is true is because that night, he and another ranger named walter franklin turned right around and walked back into the same area from whence ames had come to steal horses as they could literally ride with mosby after that because franklin had also joined without a horse. that is the explanation given when he was finally pushed about it why he wanted to join. >> i will just add one thing. i started on my talk by saying there is noth

it was part of the union. he was an orphan, orphaned at a young age. uncle was pretty wealthy and owned a big mill, but it was kind of a hodgepodge. was kind of an interesting place to grow up, although he didn't have parents. he had very substandard .chooling his uncle thought he was the least bright of his children. with a seventhuy grade education got himself into .est point it was a combination of circumstances. partly, his friend who was let in drop out. suddenly, you have this kid from west virginia arriving at west point, the finest engineering school in the country, with a seventh grade education. it was the end of his childhood. host: how did he come to be a commander in the civil war? kind of awas circuitous path. jackson was a strange guy. he was kind of eccentric. he was a physics teacher at the virginia military institute. he was considered one of the worst teachers there -- which is what he was. he was a bit of a hypochondriac, a bit of an eccentric, very shy, and known around town as kind of the

i don't think the union speaks for every police officer, but they are the representation for the union members. it is their right to implement their survey and see what the members think. >> if we go back to last year, it was then lanier received a 75% approval rating from registered voters. the union is going to tally the vote. when it comes out, we will send you a push notification. all you need is the nbc washington app. download that. >>> developing right now, an all-out search for a cop killer. detectives are looking for a man they say approached a sheriff's deputy from behind last night, shot him and kept firing once he fell to the ground. deputy darren goforth served ten years. he was filling up his car at a gas station when he was shot. >>> we just heard from amelia mentioning a few minutes ago, erika downgraded to a tropical depression.!4sxs despite that, a state of emergency in effect for florida as the storm continues to fluctuate. itis about to make land fall over cuba. overnight, it passed through dominican republic and haiti. meanwhile, the prime minister said 20 people d

1945, the soviet union led the japanese government know that the soviet union and japan had a new trilogy -- neutrality pact. the soviet union was the only country that maintained so inlity, but anyway, april of 1945, the soviet union notified the japanese government that they had no intentions to when the neutrality pact it inspired, because as a provision of the neutrality pact, you would have to notify them one year before and then it would be renewed for five years, so the soviet government notified the japanese government that they had no intention to renew the neutrality pact. let the japanese government know nonetheless that the neutrality pact was still in its term was up, that is, in april of 1946, fully that they are going to wage war against japan. so under the cloak of neutrality, stalin began to reinforce the forces in the far east, he began sending more troops, and put weapons to the far east, secretly preparing for war against japan. the question is then, how would he justify the violation of the did notty pact, and he want to be compared with hitler 's attack on the soviet

the school and the union are battling over whether players are employees under the law. that ruling will be made by the national labor relations board in washington, dc. >> this issue that started with kain colter in a classroom in northwestern has now grown much, much larger. house republicans have called hearing today in congress. >> we share the concerns of players that progress is too slow, but forming a union is not the answer. >> it is simply the wrong way to go to address these issues. the number of questions that are raised, are so myriad and wide ranging... >> would a union negotiate over the number and length of practices? perhaps a union would bargain over the number of games. if the school and union are at an impasse, would athletes go on strike? are these schools ready to make some tough decisions like cutting support to other athletic programs like lacrosse field hockey, or even raising tuition? >> the list of grievances these players presented are a list of grievances that players could have presented 5 or 10 years ago across the college community, but the

what did you make of the comments regarding the teachers union from over the weekend? >> i think it's a desperate attempt to get in the top 10. he comes across as childish and foolish. >> i don't think it will hurt governor chris christie. people respond to strong language. he said that the teachers union has already endorsed hillary clinton. there are people who agree that the national teachers union is a destructive force. it's going to hurt him with people who never had this to began my. >> i would suggest that that would be great. turco. [cheers] >> it is your classic neighbors battling neighbors program. he is 69 years old. he is getting a divorce and he's having a rough time. he wants to go down the bucket list like to get his pilot license. he was paying to keep his plan on the local air case which he just couldn't afford going through such a costly divorce. he moved here to oceanside and long island. slowly but surely they started dropping by and spokespeople from the town, different councilman and organizers, and right now they have over $3000 in this and they

of the union army. at this point, he becomes a corp commander. fort harrison is just outside of richmond. the ruins are still there. you can go to see them, and i would encourage you to do that if you have some downtime. on september 29, the union army under general ord, captures fort harrison, a very strong position outside of richmond. he's critically injured in the battle, so another major general is needed to take over the 18th corps, and who do you suppose they picked? godfrey weitzel. he takes over the 18th core. he has only recently been made a major general, and now he is in charge of the 18th army corps. the next morning, september 30, lee realizes what a strong position this is, personally takes 10,000 troops from petersburg to richmond to try to capture fort harrison. three attempts, three surges at fort. weitzel successfully holds his position all three times and beats his former superintendent in one battle at least at fort harrison. this is a photograph of weitzel and his staff at fort har

union was still the evil empire. he said he was talking about a different time, another era. that really neutralized the perception of threat in the soviet union when it came to americans and it allowed events to proceed very quickly. 1989,n the wall fell in john sununu, the former white in a newef of staff book says that president bush did not want to rub it into the face of maccallum gorbachev. he wanted to have a low-key .pproach -- mikhail gorbachev he wanted to have a low-key approach. was that the right one? james graham wilson: absolutely. one thing that was not clear at the time about president bush and that i have learned to appreciate is that in his role as vice president of the two terms, he was in charge of something called basically crisis management group and he was often presented with scenarios of things that might bad as, could be in the future. i think that a lot of times -- that is scenarios, could be in the future. times, one of the fears was what would happen if there were a kind of quick collaps

do you see the current mood becoming a real threat to the african the union? costanze: i think it depends. what we're seeing now seems like the worst combination of potential crises in europe since, say, the end of the cold war, and that is something we have forgotten. it seemed as though the cold war could turn into something much more dangerous, as the soviet union fell apart, as we wondered what would happen with russia's nuclear weapons, and as yugoslavia fell apart, ending in the balkan wars, which were very bloody. certainly there is a tremendous amount of risk, and it's the hour for europe's politicians to get this resolved, to come to some consensus on solidarity regarding greece, regarding other countries in financial and economic duress. where this onslaught of refugees that need to be distributed in an equitable fashion across europe. sarah: we heard from the populist. do you expect them to win out, or do you expect greater integration to win out, to cope with all these challenges? the stanza -- costanze: for the populist to win out, they would have

what did you make of the comments regarding the teachers union from over the weekend? >> i think it's a desperate attempt to get in the top 10. he comes across as childish and foolish. >> i don't think it will hurt governor chris christie. people respond to strong language. he said that the teachers union has already endorsed hillary clinton. there are people who agree that the national teachers union is a destructive force. it's going to hurt him with people who never had this to began my. >> i would suggest that that would be great. turco. [cheers] >> it is your classic neighbors battling neighbors program. he is 69 years old. he is getting a divorce and he's having a rough time. he wants to go down the bucket license. he was paying to keep his plan on the local air case which he just couldn't afford going through such a costly divorce. he moved here to oceanside and long island. slowly but surely they started dropping by and spokespeople from the town, different councilman and organizers, and right now they have over $3000 in this and they say that it is an eyesore.

not the other way around. >>> the union that represents nurses in america want bernie sanders in the white house -- for the single pair socialized health care they have in britain. take a look at this. the average salary for a nurse is 45% more in the u.s. than it is in britain, so, steve, looks like a nurse's union is advocating a big salary cut for its workers. >> yeah. they think government means bigger salaries, but when you run a system like that, one, you get a less good economy, you have less good outcomes because you have less resources. less resources means less pay for doctors, nurses, and facilities. that's why, for example, if you get certain kinds of cancer, the rates of survival in britain are a fraction of what they are here in the united states. >> why is the nurse's union advocating a system that will create a pay cut for nurses? >> because they have seen the effects of the affordable care act over the past five years have benefitted them. 200,000 more nurses have jobs now. health care has record profits. that wasn't possible -- wouldn't have been possible if not for