eric foner: thank you. first person at the microphone there. >> my name is marian anderson from concord, massachusetts. eric foner: can you speak a little closer? >> ever-present historic african-american site -- i represent historic african-american site there. i want to think you for this cash thank you for this wonderful -- i want to thank you for this wonderful discussion. it seems very difficult to start tearing down thatymbols of atrocities have been thrown on african-americans historically. i agree in particular because of folks like jesse collins, called the invisible, like the fort -- first 14 president had slaves. if we first start tearing down symbols, it would have to be everywhere. washington dc would have to be renamed, for example. example, i saw the korean war memorial and the individual troops in that field. it is powerful. beard of toni morrison, maybe we just need more memorial like that, individuals coming out of slavery walking across the field, walking away from a ship. that is my firs

eric foner: thank you. first person at the microphone there. >> my name is marian anderson from concord, massachusetts. eric foner: can you speak a little closer? >> my name is marian anderson from concord, massachusetts. i represent historic african-american site there. i want to thank you for this wonderful discussion. i agree that it seems very difficult to start tearing down the symbols of atrocities that have been thrown on african-americans historically. i agree in particular because of folks like jesse collins, called the invisible, like the first 14 president had slaves. if we first start tearing down symbols, it would have to be everywhere. washington dc would have to be renamed, for example. yesterday for example, i saw the korean war memorial and the individual troops in that field. it is powerful. and the beard of toni morrison, maybe we just need more memorial like that, individuals coming out of slavery walking across the field, walking away from a ship. that is my first -- eric foner: we have

the story of reconstruction did not end with foner. and it sure as heck didn't end with me or anybody else. it can be constantly reread and recalibrated with new things to say. you can look, for example, that reconstruction in the north and you will. you can look at reconstruction as it affected out west and it did. you can look at how it took the blood and fire out of the manifest destiny that made us want to swallow the entire caribbean, as, in fact, was the case. i tell you, in fact, my best lesson on this is that reconstruction, the questions of reconstruction are never fully answered. new ones will constantly be offered. in fact, when it comes to that, no library of reconstruction surveys can match the tremendous unbibliography of books not yet written and deserving notice. as calvin and hobbs would have said, there's treasure everywhere. thanks very much. [ applause ] >> all right, so i guess, folks, if they want to ask questions can ask questions, but you have to get to the mike. so do i, in order to be able to do that properly,

the story of reconstruction did not end with foner. and it sure as heck didn't end with me or anybody else. it can be constantly reread and recalibrated with new things to say. you can look, for example, that reconstruction in the north and you will. you can look at reconstruction as it affected out west and it did. you can look at how it took the blood and fire out of the manifest destiny that made us want to swallow the entire caribbean, as, in fact, was the case. i tell you, in fact, my best lesson on this is that reconstruction, the questions of reconstruction are never fully answered. new ones will constantly be offered. in fact, when it comes to that, no library of reconstruction surveys can match the tremendous unbibliography of books not yet written and deserving notice. as calvin and hobbes would have said, there's treasure everywhere. thanks very much. [ applause ] >> all right, so i guess, folks, if they want to ask questions can ask questions, but you have to get to the mike. so do i, in order to be able to do that properly

so what can i tell you that is new that foner hasn't told you? i think foner is the best history of reconstruction around. i say that right now. i am not his equal. nor do i intend to be his equal. the fact of the matter is it is very good indeed and everybody should read his reconstruction. of course you should buy my book as well, but you should read his reconstruction. i have a different kind of message. what if you in fact look at reconstruction not from the perspective of the present, but in fact the perspective of the past? did you folks know that the term reconstruction to talk about the remaking of the country actually began to appear in the newspapers before the first shots of the civil war were fired? absolutely true. all during that secession wind there is talk about how you reconstruct the union, how you bring it together. and there were all kinds of plans for this, if you allow the border states not to go out of the union, that ultimately the deep south states will choose to treat and come back in, eventually, if you create several c

. >>> next, column bbia universit history professor eric foner discusses the rise of socialism in america in the early 20th century. in new york city and milwaukee and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debs. this class is an hour and ten minutes.

. >>> next, columbia university history professor eric foner discusses the rise of socialism in america in the early 20th century. examines the party in new york city and milwaukee and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debs. this class is an hour and ten minutes. >> this is a class at columbia

. >>> next, column bbia universit history professor eric foner discusses the rise of socialism in america in the early 20th century. in new york city and milwaukee and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debs. this class is an hour and ten minutes. >> this is a class at columbia university, a course called "the american radical tradition," and we started with the american revolution and have been going through the abolitionist movement, early femininism feminism. the civil war reconstruction, labor conflict in the gilded age, the populist movement and now we're sort of entering into the 20th century and in the next couple of weeks, we will look at the progressive era, a period of, you know, a lot of labor unrest, the industrial workers of the world, the women's suffrage movement coming to the fore, municipal reform, many other things, but today, our subject is the -- or the socialist party, the rise of socialism as a key element of american radicalism in the early 20th century. on our reading list, the chapter by michael kaizen gives a good quick summary on the

. >>> next, columbia university history professor eric foner discusses the rise of socialism in america in the early 20th century. examines the party in new york city and milwaukee and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debs. this class is an hour and ten minutes. >> this is a class at columbia university, a course called "the american radical tradition," and we started with the american revolution and have been going through the abolitionist movement, early feminism feminism. the civil war reconstruction, labor conflict in the gilded age, the populist movement and now we're sort of entering into the 20th century and in the next couple of weeks, we will look at the progressive era, a period of, you know, a lot of labor unrest, the industrial workers of the world, the women's suffrage movement coming to the fore, municipal reform, many other things, but today, our subject is the -- or the socialist party, the rise of socialism as a key element of american radicalism in the early 20th century. on our reading list, the chapter by michael kaizen gives a good qui

next, columbia university history professor eric foner discusses the rise of socialism in america in the early 20th century. and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debbs, this class is an hour and ten minutes. >> this is a class at columbia university, a course called "the american radical tradition," and we started with the american revolution and have been going through the abolitionist movement, early femininism, the civil war reconstruction, labor conflict in the gilded age, the populist movement and now we're sort of entering into the 20th century and in the next couple of weeks, we will look at the progressive era, a period of, you know, a lot of labor unrest, the industrial workers of the world, the women's suffrage movement coming to the fore, municipal reform, many other things, but today, our subject is the -- or the socialist party, the rise of socialism as a key element of american radicalism in the early 20th century. on our reading list, the chapter by michael kaizen gives a good quick summary on the various kinds of socialism at the time. f

columbia university history professor eric foner examines the socialist party in new york city and milwaukee and the socialist party of america presidential campaigns of eugene debs. this class is an hour and ten minutes. >> this is a class at columbia university, a course called "the american radical tradition," and we started with the american revolution and have been going through the abolitionist movement, early femininism, the civil war reconstruction, labor conflict in the gilded age, the populist movement and now we're sort of entering into the 20th century and in the next couple of weeks, we will look at the progressive era, a period of, you know, a lot of labor unrest, the industrial workers of the world, the women's suffrage movement coming to the fore, municipal reform, many other things, but today, our subject is the -- or the socialist party, the rise of socialism as a key element of american radicalism in the early 20th century. on our reading list, the chapter by michael kaizen gives a good quick summary on the various kinds of socialism at the time. from 1860 onward, there ha