it is a space inhabited by indian peoples, indian nations. and contrary to what those maps might suggest, there's been an lot of stuff going on there in the previous 50 or 100 years, primarily because of the influx in to that area of horses out of the spanish southwest, which not only transformed the way of life of plains indians, but also transformed the plains in to a contested area, because that equation i think of horses and buffalo and grass is one tremendous power for creating a unprecedented prosperity. this is a new way of life that beckons people on to the plains. so that the plains becomes not only a place where people have lived for thousands of years, but also a place where other people move in to take advantage of the new opportunities being presented. go west, young man, 18th century style. right? what american pioneers do in the 19th century, cheyenne and other indian people do in the 18th century. they give up farming to move on to the plains and become equestrian buffalo hunters because that's where the power and the prosperi

as they're moving around, their guides, the bow indians, receive reports of the indians known as the snakes. who are probably what we call shoshone indians. so the bow indians want to go back and protect their villages. the exploration has to be abandoned, as these bow indians go back to their home. interestingly enough, at this time, all the indians have horses. this is about two decades later. little farther north. at this time, the indians that the french explorers encounter have horses. one way we know, just to show you how cool this is, one way we know about the location of the exploration is -- well, actually, this is a great map. one reason these french guys are optimistic that maybe they can see the pacific from the black hills is because there are some french views of north america that are a little different than the views we have today. in particular, there are these rumors in the first half of the 18th century that there is an inland sea in north america. the leading geographer put this together in france. feeling a little bit nervous, your state is under water. but one p

of indians who they call the snakes who are probably what we could call shshoney indians. they want to go back to the village and protect it frlt raiders. so the exploration has to be band ond as the bow indians go back to their home. at this time, all the indians have horses. this is fwoek decades later, a little further north. that time, the indians that they encount ver horses. one way that we know just to show you how cool life used to be, one way we know about the location of the exploration, is well, tugly this is great map as well, one reason, by the way, that these french guys are optimistic that maybe they can see the pacific from the black hills is because there are french views different than the views we have today. there some big sea in north america and this is the leading geographer if n. france who put together this image of what western north america might look like. you would be nervous to see your state is under water. europeans at this time don't really know very much about the geography western north america. puget sound is a big body of water. it is o

it is a space inhabited by indian peoples, indian nations. and contrary to what those maps might suggest, there's been an lot of stuff going on there in the previous 50 or 100 years, primarily because of the influx in to that area of horses out of the spanish southwest, which not only transformed the way of life of plains indians, but also transformed the plains in to a contested area, because that equation i think of horses and buffalo and grass is one tremendous power for creating a precedented prosperity. this is a new way of life that beckons people on to the plains. so that the plains becomes not only a place where people have lived for thousands of years, but also a place where other people move in to to take advantage of the new opportunities being presented. go west, young man, 18th century style. right? what american pioneers do in the 19th century, cheyenne and other indian people do in the 18th century. they give up farming to move on to the plains and become equestrian buffalo hunters because that's where the power and the prosper

if i say indian. what's the relationship between what we're going to talk about today, the developments in the 1700s and so we'll start by talking about the spanish. why the is spanish presence so tentative? reaching into new mexico and ultimately southern texas, before i do that, let me give you a couple of images just to orient you. this is a village of one representation of it from later on in the 19th century. that'll be something you can have in mind and he's talking about his own visit to the village. it would have looked something like that. this is just a quick, quick image of spanish expansion into texas and the late 17th century and the coastal plains. and we're going to talk about and the missions around san antonio right there, which are the most significant ones. get the sense of this, welcome to texas. the alamo, 1740, but they look nice when they did the postcard. this is just to kind of get in your head is a representation of the movement of horses north. so, you get the idea of horses

villages, but a series of indian villages often combined as con federal or even some indian nations becoming empires, all of the entire transcontinental united states is combined by trade networks. before europeans even arrive in the great lakes, european trade routes preceded them. they stretch from the west coast through the center of the nation, the southwest, the north are exchanging trade goods. european trade goods become incorporated in that existing network. host: how did the native american transcribes in the area respond to the arrival of the french? professor sleeper-smith: very welcoming. most french traders began to come in the 1660's after radisson comes into the great lakes. basically most of the traders are french. they come from montrÉal and quÉbec. they bring goods with tremendous high state us value and also have tremendous utilitarian value. initially, most of the trade is in iron goods, trade that are pots, vessels that women would primarily use, digging sticks that make cultivation of grain crops much easier. as many of those goods become saturated in the gre

second, the indians. i am a diehard indians fan. >> oh, the cavs haven't disappointed and indians are following. so i like them both. >> cavs, indians and what about the browns. this, after all is considered a football town, right? >> the browns had been so i think now we have turned the corner. >>> a new coaching staff and fresh team will help and browns fans told me it is good to get the team out of the spotlight. >> it takes pressure off the browns. everybody loves the browns and indians and cavs and allows browns to rebuild themselves and become the team we know they are capable of. >> i like that, right t. keeps the pressure off the browns. we will also, i did a poll on twitter for who is your favorite major league team here in cleveland. it is the same consensus. the cavs and then the indians and browns are tight there. at least in the muni lot there are some people who are diehard fans who got here at 10:00 this morning. the group behind us in the huge bus got here at noon and everybody trickling i

first one, florida indians helped build and there are rumors of a great number of indians and negros well supplied with everything necessary for war. rumors of indians and africans being allied against one another. but i'm not sure if there's a greater fear in early america than that. in the 1950s it was the fear of communists invading. in the 1750s and 1850s or at least 1830s, the fear was what would happen if africans who are 33% or so of the american south, allied themselves with native americans, and together more or less outnumbered free, white society and overran everything? and so for a long time they would use, what, indians as slave catchers in order to kind of -- and vice versa. they'd use indians -- or africans in indian wars and try to create artificial divisions between these two communities. divide and conquer. so this fear of an indian and african alliance was, i don't know, as horrible as one can imagine. general gaines said this. it's not just indians and africans. it's negros and outlaws. now, seminoles were outlaws. they were presumed red sticks, were presumed outl

wright earlier this year we told you about the indians tha indians game -- gain momentum. it could be the come back of the century. tyler naquin hitting it inside the park, a home run to finish the game. 3- 2 to finish the blue jays. the first time the indians since 1916. friday night the indians had been down 2-1 headed in to the ninth and the results a sold- out saturday night game after this couple celebrating their wedding outside. they met at progressive field four years ago. and this father-son duo at last night's game where nine -year-old bennett shepherd made this production. >> naquin goes back to back walkoff in the thing night for his second walkoff. >> it happened. >> yes. >> this could be the year the curse is already broken this could be the year cleveland goes back to back cavs and tribe . >>reporter: live that progressive field people streaming in tonight. i want to mention attendance still lagging behind most other mlb teams but earlier this year they were dead last. that is no longer the case. >>> a woman found dead next to an abandoned building and east

they built it with indian help, and the idea was we could put a fort here, we can put indians in it, or whoever else wants to man this fort, and they can protect this region for us. now, as great britain abandons the fort at the end of the war of 1812, african-americans fill the fort. as this is happening, these soldiers who are abandoning the fort realize it's a really fortuitous thing. they're remarkably pleased by this. they leave their cannon, the big old cannonballs, the powder, and all their ammunition behind. so now in apalachicola -- has anyone ever been to apalachicola? if you haven't, you need to go. best oysters. if not history, go for oysters. in apalachicola, there is this fort, or just right outside apalachicola, there's this fort that somehow has a relationship with the indians because they helped build it and it's kind of on their land and it's kind of near there, and there's rumors the indians are hanging out around there and then 300 former slaves who are armed. who don't like the united states very much. now, can we imagine why the united states is pretty concerned

in the eighth, indians come back. rbi double and indians within one a pop up to end the game. indians lose 3-2. it ends the four game win streak. now indians four and a games in the central division. indians play tomorrow night with corey on the mound. >>> browns training camp, last open to the public. they'll open the home season action thursday night against atlanta. they need to improve. okay. josh gordon on the practice field. quad injury feeling better. big question, is he going to be the player he was in 2013 when >> i'm just getting opportunities. the right timing, right position. the rest of the team relies on me. it will be motivation. >> let's go to westbound, rgiii i believe they must play him longer on thursday nights. i don't understand this guy hasn't played in a long, long time. to get him ready for he went four for eight friday night against the packers with interception and botched handoff. here's rgiii . >> i didn't do a very good job. that's what we need to do. got to go out and score points. this guy, murphy out of ohio. he's in the race tonight. he grew up

indians win, tigers lost. adding up to 32. >> that's a lot of finesse. >> hopefully you consumed all arts and crafts will be back at 10:35. >> nightly news is next. >> no running with scissors. ? ? ? there's people who care where i'm going ? ? and good friends to welcome me home ? ? so get a full tank of freedom, ? ? drive the american road ? ? and with a full tank of freedom, ? ? find your own highway ? ? we'll take you wherever you go. ? >>> developing news font. new homegrown zika, confirmed outside of south florida, in the center of the state. >>> and pay for play. to investigate the clintons as new questions arise about the clinton foundation and trump faces questions about his new controversial. >>> and epipen cost skyrocketing 400%. >>> and a little miracle. the little boy with a double hand transplant.

just what the indians needed. it took awhile but they win it over the pesky minnesota twins who have been a real pain in neck to the indians. the indians win in 1-0 in ten innings at progressive field. >>> here is how it happened. trevor bauer on the mound. 6 scoreless innings. four strikeouts and he gave way to the bullpen. lynn door at first he is out at third and you never make the base. >>> bases loaded, mcallister comes in and gets a fly ball to get out of that inning. >>> bottom of the tenth, two on, one out and kipnis is the game-winning here with a walk off homer and the indians finally win it by a score of one-nothing. eighth walk-off hit for the inning this year. >>> white sox takin tigers when jarrod saltalamacchia hits a two-run homer for detroit and they come back and win 4-3. so the indians' lead is still four-and-a-half. >>> betsy tells me the magic number is 28 right now. >>> yankees and roils, kansas city is red hot. gordon rbi base hit, roils build up an 8-1 lead which is now 8-5 in the 8th innin

last night he had three of the indians eight steals. the eight steals tied a 99-year- old indians record. in steals in 1999. remember how hot the tigers were? they have cooled off. detroit has lost five straight games. combine that with indians winning three of their last four. browns with the day off, back to practice tomorrow. robert griffin iii shined on his first pass hitting terrell pryor for 39 yards. after that pretty sloppy. a fumble on his second play then he was picked off and that cost the browns points. rg3 4-8. hue jackson said rg3 looked relaxed for a guy that hadn't played in awhile. there were positives but you can't have the mistakes. austin davis suffered a concussion on this six yard scramble. he is in the nfl concussion 9. 32 yards. hall was injured in the third quarter after this 19-yard catch. first year player from central florida was most likely on the bubble. now to the olympics. at big night in prime time. michael phelps will swim his final race. part of the 4x100-meter relay. big show on the olympic zone. we p

to return to the indians. he will be eligible for the post season. 36-years-old. hitting .234. a 15 year veteran and spent four years with the indians. his former teammate. >> i played with him. he is a season veteran. knows what he is doing. great addition to the team. >> this is fun of the tigers are not going away -- fun. the tigers are not going away. win tonight against the white sox. detroit is a walk off winner and sweep the series. the indian's lead is 4 games pending >> the blairs end the season tomorrow night. -- the bears end the season tomorrow night. both 0-3 and hue jackson made the determination the starters play tomorrow night. they need to play. and one guy really needs to play. the rookie cleveland browns rookie wide receiver corey coleman. pre-season games. couple times he ran out of his shoes. they have to get him going because they expect good things from him. >> needs to play the game this week. on thursday. and prepare for next week. you know? because, i mean, the intensity and how thing

joining me with the cleveland indians -- today, we have a game. we have so >> we have our longest home stand of the season, we won three in a row going against the angels. if you ever had a bad day, come here on a sunday, watching the kids on the bases, smiles on their faces will cheer you up. long home fan. it's friday, $2 beer and sugar tons and tons of stuff going on >> reporter: it seemed like it took forever to get the baseball season started, because of the weather and tomorrow, a makeup game. >> we had a backup with the rnc. tomorrow, we have april 7th rescheduled game against the red sox, 1:10 pool. great excuse to get out of work for the day. so, it should be a great day. >> thank you so much, joel. hour, we'll talk about the postseason and how you might actually start to be able to get tickets. back to you in the studio. >> it's one of those summer bucket lists things. if somebody has not been to progressive field, you can't let the summer end without going to an indians game. >> >> still ahead this morning, will joins us live from rio a

jessica: brandon paulin eats, drinks, and lives indian head. a town of about 4000, it sits on a peninsula about an hour south of d.c. mayor paulin: i try to hit up as many small businesses in indian head as i can per week. thank you. sometimes it is not even mayor-related. sometimes we'll just have a , conversation. jessica: often, those conversations center around the fact that pa able oust an incumbent mayor with decades in political office. making him the youngest mayor in nation under the age 30. >> i think it takes a lot of courage to unseat the powers that be. jessica: since being elected, he has gotten his braces off and has a girlfriend. and he's gotten used to the jokes about his age. mayor paulin: there would be the evening dinner meetings and then everyone would make a joke, "oh, it's mayor's bedtime, we've got to go and wrap this up." jessica: inside indian head's town hall, just off a modest kitchen, paulin's office looks more like a closet. the mayor still lives with his parents and makes only $6,000 on the job, which he uses for

drinks, and lives indian head. a town of about 4000, it sits on a peninsula about an hour south of d.c. mayor paulin: i try to hit up as many small businesses in indian head as i can per week. thank you. sometimes it is not even mayor-related. sometimes we'll just have a , conversation. jessica: often, those conversations center around the fact that pa able oust an incumbent mayor with decades in political office. maryland, and one of 10 in the nation under the age 30. >> i think it takes a lot of courage to unseat the powers that be. jessica: since being elected, he has gotten his braces off and has a girlfriend. and he's gotten used to the jokes about his age. mayor paulin: there would be the evening dinner meetings and then everyone would make a joke, "oh, it's mayor's bedtime, we've got to go and wrap this up." jessica: inside indian head's town hall, just off a modest kitchen, paulin's offic the mayor still lives with his parents and makes only $6,000 on the job, which he uses for online college courses. mayor

jessica: brandon paulin eats, drinks, and lives indian head. a town of about 4000, it sits on a peninsula about an hour south of d.c. mayor paulin: i try to hit up as many small businesses in indian head as i can per week. thank you. sometimes it is not even mayor-related. sometimes we'll just have a , conversation. jessica: often, those conversations center around the fact that pa able oust an incumbent mayor with decades in political making him the youngest mayor in maryland, and one of 10 in the nation under the age 30. >> i think it takes a lot of courage to unseat the powers that be. jessica: since being elected, he has gotten his braces off and has a girlfriend. and he's gotten used to the jokes about his age. mayor paulin: there would be the evening dinner meetings and then everyone would make a joke, "oh, it's mayor's bedtime, we've got to go and wrap this up." jessica: inside indian head's town hall, just off a modest kitchen, paulin's office looks more like a closet. the mayor still lives with his parents and makes only $6,000 on the

it's a very indian solution. [laughter] but when you compare india and china on these issues, there's just no comparison. so the communist party has actually been very good for women, especially if you're looking at women in the work force. i think something like 70% of chinese women work compared to 58% here. 25% in india. many, many chinese women are at top -- not so much at the top of the political establishment, but in business more chinese women self-made billionaires than anywhere else on earth. 30 million chinese women-run companies. female entrepreneurs. those are really big numbers, and that means something. >> yeah. thank you. questions from the audience. sir. we've got a microphone, here we go. it's on its way to you. >> doug brooks, international stability operations association. i love the logo on the book but, of course, to be more accurate, the gears from india and china would actually be meshed together as well. >> yes. >> you haven't talked at all about the relationship between india and china an

the indians bats finally came alive against the twins. were they able to win their >>> the indians are in other one run winner. the beat the twins 4-5. minnesota has lost 12 games in a row. the starting pitcher did not last long in the game. the first pitch of the game it is hit up. 35th home run given up by tomlin this year. he went 1 2/3 of an inning and the indians were behind. the twins are up 2-0. the indians cut the lead in half they are down 4-1 when davis who had a big night hedda homered that tied the game for all. francisco lindor since one to deep center field right off the top of the wall. the indians take the lead and the bullpen did the rest as andrew miller closed it out with a loud last out. trevor cook right up against the wall and the indians when it 5-4. they will go sweep tomorrow against minnesota. everybody remember coco crisp he's coming back. it will become official tomorrow. tomorrow is the deadline if you get a player like this for him to be eligible -- in 2005 he almost got them into the playoffs. eligible to pl

jessica: brandon paulin eats, drinks, and lives indian head. a town of about 4000, it sits on a peninsula about an hour south of d.c. mayor paulin: i try to hit up as many small businesses in indian head as i can per week. thank you. sometimes it is not even mayor-related. sometimes we'll just have a , conversation. jessica: often, those conversations center around the fact that pa able oust an incumbent mayor with decades in political office. making him the youngest mayor in maryland, and one of 10 in the nation under the age 30. >> i think it takes a lot of courage to unseat the powers that be. jessica: since being elected, he has gotten his braces off and has a girlfriend. and he's gotten used to the jokes about his age. mayor paulin: there would be the evening dinner meetings and then everyone would make a joke, "oh, it's mayor's bedtime, we've got to go and wrap this up." jessica: inside indian head's town hall, just off a modest kitchen, paulin's office looks more like a closet. the mayor still lives with his parents and makes only $6,000

the indians were looking for revenge for such a deep insult. thorne contemptuously laughed them off. you pretend to know a great deal about the indian character, he said. according to alexander's account that captured the spirit of this tense encounter whether or not the exact wording. you know nothing at all. it did not end well. but that is where i will end. thank you very much. we can talk and take questions. [applause] feel free to get up and leave or we can keep talking about it. there is a question right there. >> what's so interesting about the story is how much you have to leave out to get it in the pages. one of the pieces i thought was fascinating was during the war astoria was sold. the canadian company for pennies on the dollar but nonetheless it was sold to the canadian company and that could have ended right there. this could have been southern british columbia except the british ship captain came in and was conquering from canadians during the war of 1812 and because of that treaty all conquered possessions had to be returned. an

it's a very indian solution. but when you compare india and china on these issues, there is just no comparison to the commons party has been very good for women, especially if you look at in the workforce. i think something like 70% of chinese women work compared to 58% here, 25% in india. many, many chinese women are at the top, not so much at the top of the political establishment but in business. more chinese women self-made billionaires than anywhere else on earth. 30 million chinese women run companies, female entrepreneurs. those are really big numbers and that means something. >> thank you. questions from the audience? we have a microphone. here we go. a boom mic is on its way to you. >> international stable operations association. i love the logo on the book but, of course, to be more accurate, big ears from india and china would actually be mashed together as well. you have a talk at all about the relationship between india and china and have evolved over the past three or four decades. >> it's a good qu

over the pesky minnesota twins who have been a real pain in the neck to the indians. the indians win in 1-0 in ten innings at progressive field. >>> here is how it happened. trevor bauer on the mound. 6 scoreless innings. four strikeouts and he gave way to the bullpen. lynn door at first he is out third and you never make the last out of the inning at third base. >>> bases loaded, mcallister comes in and gets a fly ball to get out of that inning. >>> bottom of the tenth, two on, one out and kipnis is the game-winning here with a walk off homer and the indians finally win it by a score of one-nothing. inning this year. >>> white sox taking on the tigers when jarrod saltalamacchia hits a two-run homer for detroit and they come back and win 4-3. so the indians' lead is still four-and-a-half. >>> betsy tells me the magic number is 28 right now. >>> yankees and roils, kansas city is red hot. gordon rbi base hit, roils build up an 8-1 in the 8th inning of play. if they win it will be their 18th win in the last 22 wins as they chase the wild card. >>> the browns had quite a

now the indians head west. seven game road trip starts tonight in oakland against the very beatable oakland a's. four game series set with texas. that's a playoff preview. topped off by another come from behind wind yesterday with jose ramirez doing it with a two run homer the eighth. they trailed all day long. francona said accurately, all weekend we were ahead about 10 minutes in the total three games. they took two out of three. ramirez reached base in 27 straight games. indians have won eight of last 11 games. they are undefeated against the oakland a's. they swept them a's lost seven of last eight n. opening game of the series tonight at the old coliseum, carlos is on the mound. indians have to get going. 0 and 3 in last five starts. on the road, he's been tremendous. 1.97 e.r.a. on the road, second best in the american lowing. -- in the american league. >> this is becoming a special standings. indians lead by seven over the tigers. 40 games to go in regular season. it's time to tabulate the magic number.

the indians cut the lead in half and its 2-1. the second inning they are down 4-1 when davis who had a big night hedda homered that tied the game for all. francisco lindor since one to deep center field right off the top of the wall. the indians take the lead and the bullpen did the rest as andrew miller out. trevor cook right up against the wall and the indians when it 5-4. they will go for a sweep tomorrow against minnesota. everybody remember coco crisp he's coming back. it will become official tomorrow. tomorrow is the deadline if you get a player like this for him to be eligible -- in almost got them into the playoffs. in the -- almonte is not eligible to play in the postseason. scoreboard watching the tigers are at home against the white sox they laid 6-4. j.d. martinez put it away with a home run. the indians magic number is down they're going to have a pending -- putting -- putting -- punt team competition. they were go ahead with the punters that they acquired yesterday from carolina casey redford. the starters are going

and so you made the film the only good indian, you executive produced, you starred in it. it's a little bit about your personal story in the sense that it's about a boy who ends up in a... one of the schools to acculturate native americans. >> they were basically boarding schools wherein children were many times forcefully extracted from their home environments and plunked into schools, boarding schools, that... let's just say it was a really bad situation for a lot of the early kids. by the time i went to one of these schools, and this was in the '60s, when things were beginning to, you know, kind of turn around, and... i didn't suffer the many things that happened to kids in... >> hinojosa: it was not a terrible experience for you. >> for me it was not a physically or... terrible situation. >> hinojosa: this movie, though, it was not a major blockbuster. it did well at sundance film festival. but in essence, then, they can say, "well, you see? your story just isn't out there pulling those millions of audience members." >> right. it's not big enough, and there's not enoug

indian head is home to a u.s. navy base, but has no grocery store. paulin: we're waving all commercial permitting fees, so that is a big one. it cuts a lot of overhead for businesses. we're definel businesses and get them in here. jessica: the mayor says he's worked with property owners to tear down some dilapidated buildings and is joining forces with navy officials in an effort to continue its expansion. the biggest challenge for this millennial mayor? mayor paulin: i guess the biggest frustration is maybe the speed of government. it is a slower process. to slow down. they say he may represent a movement that goes beyond indian head: a discontent with the status-quo, seen up highway 210 in the nation's capital and beyond. business owner: i think what we got is, we have a mindset that doesn't accept that the way things happened in the past has to be the way things have to be moving forward. and indian head made that change. i think it is a change for the better. jessica: a change, the young mayor says, he hopes will inspire other young leaders. mayo

indians were looking for another winn last night against toronto. they got a little bit of help from lonnie choose and hall choosing huge bomb with two men on. they tied up at five / five but the league did not last long.a a solo shot for the jays up by one righthot here. but who would you rather have at the plateho the bottom of the ninth then time to make tyler make when hoping for some theene winning luck but he could not get the job done. we can't blame him.e he might be tired from the last two nights of saving the day. the tribe falls in this 16 / houset a last night as the indis faced off face off again against toronto. alison brown tells me there is a excitement behind this team, even from lebron james insults. >> himself. >> the cleveland indians are red-hot.>> h if friday night's history making walkoff home run did not do it for you, >> i was in my car and i had to stop. i i was like this is unbelievable. >> tyler nicke th when hit the t indian walkoff inside the park in 100 years. >> i was going ecstatic at home. i couldn't believen it. >>

jessica: brandon paulin eats, drinks, and lives indian head. a town of about 4000, it sits on a peninsula about an hour south of d.c. mayor paulin: i try to hit up as many small businesses in indian head as i can per week. thank you. sometimes it is not even mayor-related. jessica: often, those conversations center around the fact that pa able oust an incumbent mayor with decades in political office. making him the youngest mayor in maryland, and one of 10 in the nation under the age 30. >> i think it takes a lot of courage to unseat the powers that be. jessica: since being elected, he has gotten his braces off and has a girlfriend. and he's gotten used to the jokes about his age. mayor paulin: there would be the evening dinner mng it's mayor's bedtime, we've got to go and wrap this up." jessica: inside indian head's town hall, just off a modest kitchen, paulin's office looks more like a closet. the mayor still lives with his parents and makes only $6,000 on the job, which he uses for online college courses. mayor paulin: oh, biggest perk? oh,

the naches indians were flight the middle of it. they were key players mainly because of their location on the mississippi river. there had been a number of articles written about the naches, mainly concerned with their ceremonial culture, things about them that today really make them distinguished from other american indian groups in this area. but the only history that had been written before i did my book was wherein in -- written in 1911 by an excellent historian, john swan, and that was a long time ago and a lot of things changed since he wrote his history, especially ideas how we look at the american indian societies that were here when europeans came to colonize. to the ideas have changed and mature quite a bit and i hope what i have -- the way i said it in my book is an up to date and modern look at this very important indian group. you ask how i came to write this book. i've been interested in naches indians for a long time. i was fortunate enough to have my office at the grand village of the naches indians for 33 years. so

the gila river indian the gila river indian community is vowing to do everything it can built. now in the latest development... the gila river indian community council will appeal a court decision for the construction of the freeway near tribal lands. the council voted to knock down a judges denial of a pair of lawsuits meant to stop construction of the south mountain freeway.the u.s. district court ruling that the arizona department of transportation and federal highway administration completed all steps required to move forward.but the gila river indian community and a coalition of environmental and community groups say they'll appeal to the 9th u.s. circuit court to the 9th u.s. circuit hault expansion.the judge denied both of them.the community is trying to get an injunction while they wait in the appeal.they say the new freeway violates federal law and would damage sacres tribal lands.adding the agencies are not fulfilling their duty to protect the health and welfare of tribal members... the environment... and the public. ???jen tag???now with these latest developments...

the indians get on the board only once. santana strikes out to win the game, and the indians lose 5-1. they will start a very tough important four-game series tomorrow night with josh tomlin it is miguel cabrera. his 30th home run of the year. he goes for-five in the game. the tigers win. they went 3 in a row. they trail the indians by 5 1/2 in the division now. the magic number remains 32. >> the si the marlins shut them out. three happen zero the final score. now to football. the browns had a good week against the tampa bay wants. they will try to carry that through. rg three loves the offense. starting quarterback, on friday night he will have a few more toys in the box to throw. >> will go down the field and make sure that every one is in the right spot. you cannot look at it on the individual basis. >>> head coach you jackson has to live in a message to his team. you had a bad day at practice you have to have a better day tomorrow. and that is what he likes about his team.>> i like the way that our players respond. thi

the tigers lost so the indians al central. it is open up a 10 game homestand tomorrow beginning with the twins. cleveland is 5 and eight back against minnesota. they are losing record against the opponent. the look at the record. 49-81. we have got to sweep minnesota. the little league championship game, the kids taking on new york -- that is near binghamton. bottom four, a blooper to left and he gets down to one run scores 1-0 usa. later in the inning, 1-0, the kid from new york, a wild pitch. and that will bring in another run. 2-0 new york. bottom of the six, game time, to end the game, a complete- game gem and this is -- it ends well for the kids from end welder you are. undefeated season, new york of the first you esteem to win back the little league world series since 2011. >>> a pool party has gone to the dogs. does of the puppy taking part in the 12th annual dog paddle and -- in hinckley township. it featured nature walks and demonstrations. the their pets. the money raised benefits the medina county spca and the cleve

the indians are red-hot right now. they friday night's history making walkoff home run didn't do it for you what else can. i was in my car i had to stop this is unbelievable. tether hit the first indians walk off inside park home run in 100 years. i was going ecstatic at home i cannot believe it. anxious for another win against the toronto blue jays along with the way they played this year. the excitement is catching on clearly check out this line give a sold-out crowd on saturday night at the cleveland indians games the fourth time this season that has happened. this is amazing they sold out. but someone who could get into the cleveland indians blue jays game this series lebron james. they calves champion himself took to twitter to send to the team regarding friday's game. unbelievable finish for the indians. wonderful atmosphere and their ten night. #strive for greatness. #there next. i think it's great because everything is going good in the city right now. such a positive five just the fact that he is endorsing it

. >> a twitter endorsement indian fans can twitter endorsement indian fans can get behind.d. >> that is so awesome. >> this could go through september and intots october. >> everything is coming up cleveland.ever 7:20 a.m. and still ahead, browns football brown's football is back and for many that means one thing. >> tailgating.g. but how many of these folks and up in the stadium. the eye team has a look at these shocking numbers.. >> plus why many couples are serving to take seth two cakes at their wedding and where this >>> welcome back to fox eight news on what has turned out to be a dry start our day to day we are looking currently at thet higher of 80 high of 89 degrees yesterday. event was mighty toasty. the humidity was also up. it feels a lot better out here right now. eighty-one is the average high fore the state 96 the record. only 207-inch of rain yesterday and we're still running a surplus of around an inch. we of daylight tomorrow.e right now 73 at the lakefront and we can see humidity levels dropping as a very refreshing northwest wind is ve blowing and that is swiping

the bad news is the indians lost. and so the indians are 11-12 since the all star break. good to see him back in there and the indians are coming home now. so that will be good. nationals up 4-1 in the third. francisco hit his 14th home run of the year. down one. same inning jose ramirez. what a year he's having. he doubles off the top of the wall. mike knapply scores and the indians tie the ball game up. and then after that it's almost like something falls on the floor. and makes a loud noise. daniel murphy doubles and the nationals take the lead and go on to win 7-4. so the 11 game home stand starts tomorrow against the angels. corey is on the indians in that one. now today's medal count is brought to you by the university hospitals and united states continuing to roll them up 28 total medals going into the night tonight. china with 20, japan with 16, great britain hassed a good summer olympics with 11. there is a developing story going on right now in rio as diana is joining us along with betsy and that is the united states men's basketball team three right now going i

can the indians come up with a win? >>> we take a look at one of the many ways cleveland is >>> indians and jay's wrap up the series of progressive field today. last night they came close to tying up that way last night with a come-from-behind victory last night in front of therefore sell out crowd it does not happen. mainly because josh tomlin can't keep the ball in the park second home five, nothing after three indians come back. rodney had a great at-bats and god. -- edwin takes him out. deep to the bleachers. tomlin lost four straight. bottom nine rematch from two ni indians win six, five and 70 and 51 but the good news the tigers lose said the indians remain seven games up. >> the olympics is over today and last night the full night last -- lascola the competition. men's final lake running for canada and finishing 10th. in three minutes and 50.2 seconds becoming the first athlete to win an olympic 1500 gold medal since 1908. >> let's talk about brandon. >> it was this strange as final as ever been in that all the p

but good news for indians because the angels beat the tigers 3-2 so the indians remain 4.5 games ahead of the takingers in the central. >>> let's talk about the browns he just has a young team. that's in reference two nights ago when the indians were beat up in tampa bay. boy, it was ugly in all phases except for one, josh gordan. he was the only thing to get excited about two. catches plus the big touchdown right there. if the old gordan can come back and play like that, it's something to get excited or are we just being pulled by him again? time will tell. how did it feel on the field? >> felt great. really good. to be out there with my teammates and my friends right here, my brothers. you know, it was uplifting and it was really good, great experience. a lot of young guys to get as well. but i enjoyed myself. >> so the browns finish up the pre-season at home against the bears on thursday. and after that, they do it for have a great sunday, everybody. >> thank you so much. >>> and if you're about to head out the door, you may want to grab an umbrella. we are tracking a couple spotty

so the move to let indians in failed, even to win world war ii. so in 1943, almost nobody in the majority, on the winning side, said anything unkind about racism in principle. senator mccarran in 1952 said, for example, we have to be realistic and recognize that there are some indigestible blocs of people in the united states. in 1965, many members of congress argued that racism has no place in american law. in 1952, senator mccarran, i think accurately, said that a push for racial equality would be the kiss of death for the limited reforms that restrictionists in congress were willing to allow to go forward. so in 1965, we have explicit antiracist rationales articulated by the winning side. that is something new, and i think it is significant. the third point is that there was a lot of evidence at the time that people knew that demographic change was likely as a result of the law. i get this from legislative history and contemporary media reports, that, that taking out racial restrictions, taking out racial gerrymandering would in fact lead to ra

the gila river indian the gila river indian community is vowing to do everything it can built. now in the latest development... the gila river indian community council will appeal a court decision for the construction of the freeway near tribal lands. the council voted to knock down a judges denial of a pair of lawsuits meant to stop construction of the south mountain freeway.the u.s. district court ruling that the arizona department of transportation and federal highway administration completed all steps required to move forward.but the gila river indian community and a coalition of environmental and community groups say they'll appeal to the 9th u.s. circuit court to the 9th u.s. circuit

the indians get on the board only once. santana strikes out to win the game, and the indians lose 5-1. they will start a very tough important four-ga tomorrow night with josh tomlin on the mound. it is miguel cabrera. his 30th home run of the year. he goes for-five in the game. the tigers win. they trail the indians by 5 1/2 in the division now. the magic number remains 32. >> the sixth inning, no score. the marlins shut them out. three happen zero the final score. now to football. the browns had a good week against the tampa bay wants. they will try to carry that through. rg three loves the offense. and the fact that he is the starting quarterback, on friday night he will have a few more toys in the box to throw. >> will go down the field and make sure that every one is in you cannot look at it on the individual basis. >>> head coach you jackson has to live in a message to his team. you had a bad day at practice you have to have a better day tomorrow. and that is what he likes about his team.>> i like the way that our play

the indians take the lead 5-4. that great bullpen does it. indians win 5-4. they host boston for one game tomorrow. >>> browns back to practice for just an hour today they get set for the falcons on thursday. jackson not concerned. josh and practice after the walk through. and joe will not play thursday. a couple of interception. rg#3rks back at it again. my concern is injuries. his hand was clearly bothering >> it is a little sore just like everybody else. i'd get through it. i catch a lot of balls off the jugs. sometimes i guess muscles, tendons will get sore. i should be fine. >>> now to the olympics. day nine in rio. kyrie irving with their second straight wins. it is the late in the fourth some how gets the pass off. kevin durant. irving ties the record with 12 assists. irving with a drive. u.s. up 190. they win by three. they open quarterfinal play wednesday. >> i love this game. i love to compete. the fourth quarter going on. i love those types of a lot of great players making great plays. >>> women's hoops. they win 105-62. up next japan. >>> gymnasti

indians back at it tonight. numbers right now. indians have 32 left to go in regular season. they lead the central division by four and a half. they get a shot at twins tonight. minnesota lost the 11 games in a row. here's the walk off win last night in the 10th. jason with a base hit to win it 1-0. now the indians are not hitting. they've scored one or two runs games. i'm projecting that when they score the no runs, they probably lost those games. they're not hitting. four and a half game lead. the magic number is 28 as we sit right now. josh tomlin on the mound tonight. boy, does he need a good outing. so far in august, he's 0-5. in five starts he's allowed 30 urned runs on 39 hits. home run ball has hurt him. he's given up 34 this season. since july 30th. he's due. how about this story -- tim tebow tried out for 28 different teams today in los angeles. the last time he played competitive baseball was junior year of high school. he's obviously a left-handed hitter and wants to be an outfielder. one of the teams, the cleveland indians. browns today, another day, sign another

the indians win 12-1. >> a lot of fun. >> prezel night? >> i had a big one. >> over 5,000 people were at the game. play, 74 yards. 7-6. tigers, hello. next possession. what a great quarter it was. 72 yards. 57-31. not a lot of defense in this one. >> pick it up in the fourth quarter. he check out wilson. he missed. a few plays later. he punches it in for 6. 36-6. the wildcats came marching in. they took on normandy. they already at 14-0 in the travis had an 19-yard touchdown. wildcats 21-0. 34-yard touchdown. st. ignatius shut them down 45- 0. >>> the lions hosted the orange. randy made his way down the field. that sets they win this one 21-14. >>> second quarter, joey show. >> i love that show. >> everyone loves it. >> he gets the pass. beautiful interception. how about more joey. they lead them to 22-7. they hung on the win in the 2 point game. 36-34 becksville. >>> they have one of the best running backs in the state. a 35-yard touchdown. 7-0. he goes-9 yards for a touchdown. they needed all of them. copely holds down twinsburg. >>> it

the inyans -- indians lose. the indians lead is still five in the center division. >>> training camp the last day for the public to see practice and josh gordon was on the field. cleared to practice finally. he had a quad injury when he showed up. they believe he will not be ready to play thursday night when they play game two against the atlanta falcons but hue jackson and all are happy right now th gordon getting closer to play. >> it's different than what i was used to. the guys are really close for some reason and i think it's great. >> it was good to watch him move around and catch the ball and be involved with his teammates. he's done a great job and we're working our plan. >> all right now the top draft choice corey coleman bottled excitements was on the practice sore hamstring and they don't know if they're going play him thursday night. but when he disease play it's going to be fun. they are being cautious. >>> day ten of the rio game as banner night for the university of akron in the person of clayton