of george washington. we know because it is the crossing and the guy on the horse that washington was there. that symbols are identified with washington long enough and they persist long enough, eventually washington comes to stand for that symbol in turn. to demonstrate that, we all know this painting. you want to talk about the economy, just go up and throw up a dollar bill. you do not even need to mention his name. big economy is doing that -- the economy is doing bad. this is another portrait in reverse. we know this is a dollar bill and we know the message he is trying to teach. washington is so famous he of the ego.u now he is holding the arrows in the laurel wreath. lincolnng to close with after stewart done in the bicentennial. this shows the complexity of iconography and how it plays with the mind. we look at this and fully expect to see george washington come all of the trappings of the image, but instead we see lincoln and we do a double take, right? thatnted to demonstrate not just that this is

scott, painted not george washington crossing the delaware but george washington carver crossing the delaware. he intended to point out racial stereotypes just as deeply as leutze's images are. this was his private exploration and personal statement of the forthcoming bicentennial, get 1975. you have probably seen this installed recently in the national gallery of american art. same thing, but another version i wanted to draw attention to in my last minute is larry rivers from 1953, the crossing. i will read my notes so i do not stutter and take up time. rivers' study of the crossing cast a fractured light on historical narrative, ms. building and human nature altogether. no one, not even george washington, vaguely emerging as the figure on the horse and off-center. this is the washington, not this guy, this is the washington readily identifiable. each man moves in his own murky reality, unlike the common cause showed by leutze. rivers did this he said, after reading about the chaos of war in the noble "war and peace." whether you agree with these artists notions of history, as an ar

and wanted this house to be a memorial to george washington. he had the house designed to be like a gallery to be very monumental. to impress to what he thought could be some of the most important people in the country and presidents congress and senators will visit here to learn more about george washington. the original architect of the mansion was george hatfield. and do design work on the nation's capital. and one of the most prominent architects of the day and has a great history of architecture. and in the history of this country as well. it's not just because of the people that lived here and the events that took place here and the great meaning. it's somehow a work house and structure and takes on a meeting and people that live there and this house was built to be consequential. it has that history to it as well and robert e. lee married into that in this parlor on june 30th, 1831 under the arch way where you can see the uniform and the dress on display. 24-year-old lieutenant robert e. lee of the u.s. army married marianna randolph. th

grandson, george washington park custis. by martha washington's first marriage through her son, jackie, who died shortly after yorktown. this is his son who would become the custodian of military equipment items after the death of martha washington in 1802. this is him in the early 19th century in an early military uniform and a building that may be familiar to you. i was taken to arlington national cemetery as a kid and taken to the tomb of the unknown soldier and i thought it was just a muslim, but that's the home built by george washington parke custis and inherits a great deal of wealth, including over 200 enslaved african americans. , he martha washington dies builds arlington house and brings into that house many of the items that had been at mount washington, and that included those old tent. what you see on the upper right our newspaper articles beginning at about 1805 or 1808. george washington parke custis would have an annual sheep shearing competition. he was trying to improve the american breeds of sheep and dom

washington, d.c. we had the george w. and head -- say it remember, president bush there's a courageous president who is willing to for the good of the country -- the great leader and shall find ways to shape it so as to align with his own vision. and the president who was the best of this was our greatest. abe lincoln sentiment is everything. whoever mold -- the decision. out of the judiciary. the two lincoln was great and two chapters in my book, two different top historians. who last year won the lincoln prize regardless of what seemed lincoln historian. he's written dozens of books on lincoln and ronald white, who wrote three books on lincoln, his book a lincoln, "new york times" best seller during by 2009. i believe is the best biography of lincoln. so public sentiment, how do we get our arms around public sentiment. lincoln knew in his day he wanted to understand what the people were thinking the best way was to stay connected to the people who ran the local newspapers in each of the towns. he always made a point of

i don't think george washington had 13 toes. i don't think. how would we know? it is a great example of a myth being propagated, and hamilton is one of the founding fathers in which many myths are frequently propagated. thank you all for some terrific questions. [applause] stephen: thank you. >> you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. to join the conversation, like us on facebook at c-span history. author eric wittenberg talks about the calvary action on july 3 at the 1863 battle

edward j larson, author of "george washington, nationalist george washington was here today and could see the full run of this campaign, no matter who the victor is, what would he say about what happened to his democracy? mr. larson: i think you would be appalled. because he didn't believe in partisan politics. he had a vision that people would run hard-fought campaigns. he was in hard-fought campaigns with madison and others, hard-fought. once you got there, you were nuts must be part of a party caucus. you were supposed to call each one as you saw them, and if you look at the way he led, not just as president but at the constitutional convention, and when he was a general, he tried to lead by conciliation, by listening and cooperation. for every battle, he would listen to all his lieutenants before he talked. at the constitutional convention, he met with everyone , he worked out compromises by working together. brokewere some people he with, like george mason, but he brought enough together to work across lines. it was shifting alliances as president. this is not the sort of dream h

of "george washington, nationalist." if george washington were alive today and he saw the full run of this campaign, no matter who the victor is, what would he say? prof. larson: i think he would be appalled. he really did not believe in politics. he had this vision the people would run hard-fought campaigns. he worked on campaigns with others, hard-fought. but once you got there you were not supposed to be part of a party process. you were supposed to call each one as you saw them. if you look at the constitutional convention, he tried to lead by conciliation, by listening, by cooperation. at the constitutional convention, he listened to everyone, he met with people at night, he worked out compromises. sure, some did not go along. there were people he broke with like george mason. he brought enough together to work across lines. it was always shifting alliances. but this was not the dream he had. it's what we got though. brian: how much time have you spent at mount vernon to do your books the last couple of years? prof.

remembering that george washington parke custis wanted this house for a memorial to george washington. he had the house designed to be like a gallery. to be monumental, to impress what he thought would be some of the most important people in the country who would visit. and then over the years presidents, congressmen and senators would visit him here at arlington house to learn more about george washington. the regional architect of the mansion is a man named george hadfield whom george washington personally invited to america from england to do design work on the nation's capitol, the capitol building. and so george hadfield was one of the most prominent architects of his day. this house has a great history of architecture in the history of the country as well. it's not just the people that lived here and the events that took place here, but the structure itself had great meaning. sometimes an historic house or a structure takes on a meaning because of the events that happen there or the people who live there. but this house was built to be consequential. so it has that history to it

we're going to have a nice time talking about george washington's 10 tonight. we have an engineer, a structural engineer here and a textile conservator who are part of a larger team.

larson, author of the book "george washington, nationalist." if george washington were alive today and he saw the election, no matter who the victor is, what would he say? prof. larson: i think he would be appalled. he really did not believe in politics. he had this vision the people would run hard-fought campaigns. on campaigns with others, hard-fought. but once you got there you were not supposed to be part of a party process. you were supposed to call each one as you saw them. if you look at the --stitutional envision convention, he tried to lead by conciliation, by listening, by cooperation. at the constitutional convention, he listened to everyone, he met with people at night, he worked out compromises. sure, some did not go along. brian: how much time have you spent at mount vernon to do your books the last couple of years? prof. larson: i have been fortunate enough to be the library fellow. if you do not think something is a treat, to live in the residence and get up before the tourist, and be there after the tourists leave. onout my not

i don't think george washington had 13 toes. i don't think. how would we know? it is a great example of a myth being propagated, and hamilton is one of the founding fathers in which many myths are frequently propagated. thank you offer some terrific -- thank you all for some terrific questions. [applause] stephen: thank you. >> interested in american history tv? visit our website. you can see our upcoming schedule or watch a recent program. american artifacts, wrote to the white house rewind, lectures and history, and more. >> author eric wittenberg talks about the calvary action on july 3 at the 1863 battle of gettysburg. he describes the fighting on east cavalry field and argues against the theory that confederate general jb stewart had orders to get around the union flank. instead, he suggests he was supposed to protect the confederate flank. this is an hour-long event. >> we have six lectures today, or six talks. eric wittenberg's out-of-the-box with the 8:30 slot. most of you know him, he is such

washington never, george washington grabbing a man and his administration by the lapels and throwing him across the room. johnis the washington that gilbert stuart new but not the one you see here. he looks like george washington, that is true, but this is the one for posterity. the timeless washington. the sculptor washington. the sculpture of washington. a plausible but idealized washington where he is being presented as the president. simple, plain, and a black suit. in a simple pose surrounded by gaudy items. drapery and so on. but he looks almost like a new england minister who has accidentally strayed into the xvi. of louis the that is the look. that was the idea. this opened up a huge debate. i should read a little something from the book here about what these pictures ought to be. let me go back for a second. wanted to get the federal government to pay him to thet those pictures in rotunda, he began a public relations campaign. he writesmpaign letters to congressmen and senators. and talkss his pride to president james madison, who he really dislikes. he writes letters to his

george washington. he was sitting amongst those people as one of their equals as they were discussing the issues of taxation and what the virginia's relationship should be to the mother country. fitzhu fits in with the revolution quite perfectly. he is a great supporter of virginia's rights and when virginia breaks away from the mother country, he's involved and supports that as well. he's a member of several of the committees of safety, correspondence and be a member of the continental congress. he's a very important man politically as far as the offices he held. he would also be a virginia member of the house of delicates and state senator. he held just about high station as you could hold in the cole any or state at that time. he built his house basically with two things in mind. first of all, he built it where it's at so he could get that society. but he also built it on -- so it could impress people. this house is not simply a dwelling, it's a statement. it's his way of saying i'm wealthy, i'm impo

because washington is so different from george roman three -- george the third. . find him to be approachable george the third, you don't ever look george the third in the eye. so, he can be looked at, but he doesn't make eye contact. george washington? i to i, face-to-face. he's approachable, he's understated. i like to use the word benevolent. a little bit awkward. very direct. confident and calm after a brutal battle. the battle of princeton was awful. early january.n the fields were covered with ice. there were many injured, many killed. there are stories about how the blood froze on the ice. what you saw was a red field. of course, you don't see that in this picture. i will come back to the reasons for that and a moment. so, he's fainted this picture with the idea that he's going to more or less say that this is a new day in the history of north america and he has condemned the new order of rule -- condensed the new order of rule into this picture. the first great public portrait in america, in the united states , full of the values and principles of the new r

it told the story of integrity of george washington. we know what happens when we do not have integrity to be able to serve. we get protracted national scandals like richard nixon and bill clinton. when you go to washington and you see the washington monument, think of it as a capital "i" for integrity. the second commitment. a great leader shall stay above the partisan fray in the able to build consensus. building consensus is an essential part of the american success story. people going across the aisle, having dialogue, compromising, in being able to legislate effectively. the latin phrase on our money means "out of many, one." yes, in many groups, there is more than one faction. the president has to be able to pull the factions together. the president who was particularly good at staying above the fray and building consensus was thomas jefferson. the jefferson biographer i interviewed spent over 20 years as a professor of history at the university of virginia and he is the author of six books on thomas jefferson. because we live in

idol think george washington had 13 toes. i don't think. how would we know? it is a great example of a myth hamiltonpagated, and is one of the founding fathers in which many myths are frequently propagated. thank you offer some terrific questions. [applause] stephen: thank you. interested in american history tb, visit our website c-span.org/history you can see our upcoming schedule or watch a recent program. wrote to the white house rewind, lectures in history and more at c-span.org/history. ♪ after i came up with this idea, first of all i did research information, and this is the case for a lot of pieces that will be done for this competition. it is a complicated issue, it is not black and white and it is so multifaceted that i had to base knowledge a of what i wanted to talk about in this piece. obviously, it is so complicated, but i cannot talk about it all in seven minutes. it is a broad topic and i thought it would be nice to have a focal point i wanted to focus on. on thei went and got internet and started shooting, i researched this topic extensively

he said support for george washington's actual tent. we were very excited to be part of this and supporting an artifact that was going to be displayed within the museum. the way the tent as scott described would have been supported is with the two main lells and a rich -- ridge po and 30 ropes would've pulled the tent type. could'veno way we possibly put the artifact into that much attention. it would've ripped. we were given a lot of challenges for the team. they did not really know how big the tent was. we could lay it down flat and get general dimensions, but it was difficult to measure the height of the tent, the west -- the with without setting what we could do. i would ask, we were all asked to design a structure -- to design a structure for a shape we do not fully understand. another challenge that we had here was that they do not want to see the structure. the audience sitting in the theater looking at the tent should not be able to see any kind of structure within the tent supporting it. we cannot really build a plywood box and

and that will be george washington. the big hero of the day, of course, equal now to franklin as far as american fame goes, and so washington will take the lead in the constitutional convention. and, in fact, the very chair in the back of the room behind me is the chair in which washington sat which, interestingly, is the only item in this room that we today have in this room that we know for certain was here as a part of those events. that chair was made in 1779 after the british left philadelphia. a lot of things were gone between the americans coming and going, the british coming and going. we just don't have all the contents of the building anymore. so pennsylvania's government has to make new furniture, including that chair for the speaker of pennsylvania. so that was in the room on that spot when washington took that position in 1787. so the virginia plan, three branches of government, somewhat familiar to us today, here's some of the issues that are going to face that plan as far as when you start debating. becau

not a biography but i'm writing on george washington. so the shelves are weighed down with biographies of adams, jefferson, washington, hamilton. right? musical, right? there should be a biography of this guy. because this guy, i think, is the reason why louisiana territory becomes america. because this is the guy that kills the french troops. french troops are dying by the thousand. so that when thomas jefferson sends ministers to paris to negotiate the purchase of new orleans, because as jefferson said, whoever controls new orleans is our natural enemy. right? because you think of that western expansion. if you're a farmer, if you're in the west, if you're in kentucky, or points west, you're not thinking to lug your produce back across the appellation mountains. -- appalachian mountains. you're looking to float it down the ohio, down the mississippi to new orleans. if spain holds out, if france holds out, you've got a problem. so jefferson's ministers go looking to buy new orleans. they arrive in paris and the french minister says, hav

the closings of lanes on the george washington bridge that resulted in terrific traffic tyus for those trying to cross from the fort lee side of the river from new jersey. two former close associates of new jersey governor chris christie guilty. david lee miller will join us after the break with an update from the courthouse. want a great way to help our children thrive? then be sure to vote yes on proposition 55. prop 55 doesn't raise taxes on anyone. instead, it simply maintains the current tax rate on the wealthiest californians to prevent education cuts that would hurt our kids. no wonder prop 55 is endorsed by the california pta, teachers and educators. because all of us want to help our children thrive. it's time to vote yes on proposition 55. jenna: more on breaking news there is a guilty verdict for two of the defendants in the "bridgegate" trial in new jersey. david lee miller live in the newsroom with more. reporter: jenna what is especially significant here, governor chris christie was not on trial here but perhaps could be argued that his reputation was. two of his former h

washington, d.c. we had the george w. and head -- say it remember, president bush there's a courageous president who is willing to for the good of the country -- the great leader and shall find ways to shape it so as to align with his own vision. and the president who was the best of this was our greatest. abe lincoln sentiment is everything. whoever mold -- the decision. out of the judiciary. the two lincoln was great and two chapters in my book, two different top historians. who last year won the lincoln prize regardless of what seemed lincoln historian. he's written dozens of books on lincoln and ronald white, who wrote three books on lincoln, his book a lincoln, "new york times" best seller during by 2009. i believe is the best biography of lincoln. so public sentiment, how do we get our arms around public sentiment. lincoln knew in his day he wanted to understand what the people were thinking the best way was to stay connected to the people who ran the local newspapers in each of the towns. he always made a point of

you don't have to start on page one with george washington. read about the president of your lifetime, you know the most about them. the questions are going to plug right in. and they'll get you comfort wbl the question, answer format of the book and once you finished those chapters will go read about the presidents who preceded the lifetime. that's my recommendation on how i think you'll enjoy the book the most. >> thank you so much. and thank you to everyone for coming. we have a distinguished member of the audience. and i know you have great taste in history. you, too can be an owner of the book. it has the best cover of any book in publication. thanks to cspan for filming this tonight. thank you all for coming to get the upcoming program, we hope a big surprise in november. . we look forward to seeing you on the 26th. he'll have two of us trying to replace her. she's coming back from around and she'll have many stories to tell. so stay home and thank you. come again soon. [ applause ] >> talks about her book for fear of an elective king, g

when george washington arrives in 1753, he wanted to meet queen alaquip. she was a chief. she was probably already in her late 70's or 80's when 21-year-old george washington arrives. 21-year-old washington was six feet tall, big and strong with red hair. he was trying to build a career. the governor of virginia hired him to come to the western wilds and chase out the french who were building forts along the allegheny river. george was captured. he nearly drowned in the allegheny river but he kept coming back. he secured the forks of the ohio for the british empire. lewis and clark started their expedition right here in pittsburgh. meriwether lewis was at fort fayette, which replaced fort pitt. he and william clark set out on a transcontinental exploration in 1803. they built the boat right here in pittsburgh, k 55 foot boat. the very first day of the expedition lewis took his air rifle, a 22 shot air rifle, didn't use powder or flint, and he gave a demonstration on bruno's island, the first island on the ohio river as had west. he was an expert marksman. you put a mark on

george washington was over a marginal general. his men hated him. so, what influence did lafayette have on him? >> what influence did lafayette have on washington? >> yes. >> i mean, i think-- for one thing lafayette just bucked up washington for most of the war. washington was about to get fired and sometimes for cost. lafayette was always on his side and whenever these conspiracies arose to get rid of washington washington-- lafayette was the one thing that these people are idiots. your one for the ages, so there is that. i think it was keeping washington going and like washington keeping going was kind of the key to that war. like this is endurance and putting up with it, sticking it out and so i think there was that influence and also lafayette was a pretty fervent abolition. he couldn't influence washington's decision for washington to have some of his own slaves freed upon his death. i would save most it was moral support. i don't know if you have a friend like that who whatever when you are down they are the ones who bucks you up, and i think

when george washington arrives in 1753, he wanted to meet queen alaquip. she was a chief. she was probably already in her late 70's or 80's when 21-year-old george washington arrives. 21-year-old washington was six big and strong with red hair. he was trying to build a career. the governor of virginia hired him to come to the western wilds and chase out the french who were building forts along the allegheny river. george was captured. he nearly drowned in the allegheny river but he kept coming back. ohiocured the forks of the for the british empire. lewis and clark started their expedition right here in pittsburgh. meriwether lewis was at fort fayette, which replaced fort pitt. he and william clark set out on a transcontinental exploration in 1803. they built the boat right here in pittsburgh, k 55 foot boat. the very first day of the expedition lewis took his air rifle, a 22 shot air rifle, didn't use powder or flint, and he gave a demonstration on bruno's island, the first island on the ohio river as had west. he was an expert marksman. tree and mark on a fired seven tim

a lot of people just go to george washington's letters. they see this letter from knox saying i'm bringing the guns. it's going to be 134 heads of oxen. calls it this noble train of artillery. then after that letter is sent, knox actually negotiates with the local guy that has a monopoly on oxen. the local guy is like, well, okay, so you need oxen. i'm the only guy in town that's got them. you're getting funded by places like virginia that's wealthy, i'm going to charge you triple. knox went a couple days back and forth with this guy and finally said, i'm done. he hired horses instead. he broke off negotiations, used horses. it's not entirely accurate to say that he didn't use any oxen whatsoever because in a few key places he found a farm that could help him over a particularly difficult spot where they could lend him an ox for a day for that spot. for the most part it was horses that carried all these guns to massachusetts. finally with those guns in massachusetts, dorchester, the open space south of boston on the eve of the boston massa

this is george washington back in 1785 or whatever. my fear is the people are not yet sufficiently misled to retract from error. prof. larson: that letter was written and 86 when they called the constitutional convention and he was debating whether to go. he had been elected by virginia to go. and he said, i'm not going to go unless we have a plan that's going to work. and this is one of the letters. there were three very similar letters. there was one henry knox, john j from new york, the former -- john jay from new york, and james madison. he said, what can we do? i'm not going to go there -- i have limited political capital. if i go off to philadelphia to this constitutional convention, which had been called only to revise the articles of confederation, and that's not good enough. because the problem is all 13 states would need to ratify an amendment, and he knew, he knew 13 states would never ratify, he could never get rhode island -- he probably couldn't get new york, because of those limitations, he said we have got to go in and

but george washington park wanted mariah to be close by. so if you follow my story here, her husband, charles, was not freed. he continued to be a slave. but mariah and her two children were free but were given 17 acres of property at the south end of arlington estate, where they lived free for the rest of their lives. as a result of having follow on children, all of them were born freed as well. there are a couple of children that are very prominent in this family. very interestingly enough, once these children are free, they had an opportunity for education. one of the prominent older children, we know that he was probably educated in alexandria arlington area, as well as georgetown. he ultimately went to work for the department of interior in the 1850s. he worked for a number of secretary of the interior and actually became head messenger for the department of the interior and went on to become the first president of colored trustees of colored schools in washington, d.c. there are a number of ancestors and descendants of these folks tha

i invite our panelists up and i will turn over the microphone to professor dane kennedy of george washington university wlo will be the moderator for churchill and the president. >> more of binston churchill wednesday evening here on c-span3. starting at 8:00 eastern, a kfrksen with the former british prime minister's relationship with friends and family and his time in washington, d.c., and also his mother who was an american. that starts at 8:00 p.m. here tomorrow on c-span3. and friday is veterans day a the 11:00 a.m. eastern, president obama lays a wreeth at the tomb of the unknown soldier at arlington national cemetery.

washington bridge, creating huge traffic problems in a new jersey town, to get back at the mayor of that town, who was a democrat who didn't endorse christie. now, of course, christie says he didn't know about those lane closures, he wasn't involved in them, but it's bringing a lot more scrutiny. so, you know, chris christie kind of falling out of favor here in the trump campaign and mike pence taking over what essentially will be the government and waiting for donald trump, dies. >> chris frates for us outside trump tower in new york. chris, thanks. >>> editor for "the washington post" and cnn political commentator is with us now. david, good to see you. >> hi, christi. >> hi. there's an old saying, you

we are going to have a nice time talking about george washington's tent tonight. we also have an engineer that a ru

george washington is a hero but he was also a marginal general. what influence did lafayette have? >> what influence did lafayette have in washington? >> yorktown as a whole other story. >> for one thing lafayette did washington. lafayette was the one saying that these people are idiots. you are one for the ages. sticking it out so i think there is that. here was that influence and also lafayette was a pretty fervent abolition. he couldn't influence washington's decision for washington to have some of his own slaves freed upon his death. i would save most it was moral support. i don't know if you have a friend like that who whatever when you are down they are the ones who bucks you up, and i think that's who he was for washington. i only have time for one question because someone else is coming in here next. u2, which wendy zink has the better question? [laughter] >> he says you have the better question and that makes me want to hear his question, but ask me a question after. i just have to physically remove itself from this podium. yes? >> he talked about lafayette coming back to

george washington is an overall marginal general. what do they what influence did washington have on him? >> i think for one thing, lafayette just sucked up to washington for most of the war. washington was about to get fired. sometimes for cause. lafayette was always on his side and whatever these conspiracies arose get rid of washington, lafayette was the one saying these people are idiots, you are one for the ages. so there's that. i think it was just keeping washington going. and washington keeping going wad kind of the key to that war. just his endurance, just putting up with it and sticking it out. i think there was that influence. also he was a pretty fervent abolitionist. he could have influenced washington's decision to have some of his own slaves freed upon his death. there's talk about that. i would say, mostly it was moral support. i don't know if you have a friend like that who, when you're down, they're the ones who bump you up, i think that's who lafayette was for washington. >> family have times for one question, beca

washington bridge as political retaliation. now, any impeachment proceedings would begin in the assembly where assembly speaker says the lawmakers are weighing all potential legislative activity. christie spokesperson says the call for impeachment quote is ridiculous. >>> and new details about the tentative agreement between septa and its largest yunion. members would receive 10.5% raise over the next 5 year, health insurance is going up 2.5%, and tlel also be an increase in pension payments. one thing that is not changing, break times. union members were fighting for longer break times. members will vote on the deal

george washington was the hero of the revolution but not a spro superhero. he has flaws. if you get to read his letters or hear his perspective, he was doubting himself quite a bit. that makes him more relatable. the american and british side gives a real value and relatable understanding to the british. the british are not just robotic enemies, they have logic behind decision making. i'm in the air force. i actually work with british officers today. they seem to be like good chaps. i thought why is it i learn they are the bad guys and americans are the good guys. i avoid the patriot. patriot means a lover of one's country. so the british were fighting for their empire and their country. they were patriots in their eyes. the fact is sometimes the good guys look like the bad guys,

document in his new book, "george washington, nationalist." they wanted to recruit washington. hamilton had talked to washington before about this democracy stuff will never work. you have to be king. washington believed republican government. >> sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q&a. say decembercials 4 is a day for the funeral of former cuban president fidel castro who died last night at the age of 90. let the castro revolutionary forces overthrew the government of president batista. at age 32 he became the youngest leader in latin america. here is a newsreel look at his rise to power. ♪ buildingllion machete peasants jammed the square before cuba's national capital for a celebration of the six anniversary of his 26th of july revolutionary movement. is perhaps the gratis mass rally in the western hemisphere. a demonstration of castro's's weight over the cuban masses. another aspect, the a predictable castro dons a baseball uniform to pitch a full inning in a game for his agrarian reform fund. newew president -- his president tosses

washington bridge, as political pay back. still those aids face sentencing in february. christie insists he knew nothing of the plan. >> a report commissioned by former pennsylvania attorney general, kathleen kane, is due next week. an outside law firm investigated the exchange of objectionable emails recovered from computers inside the attorney general's office. dozens of employees in the ag's office have previously been disciplined, when emails were made public in the investigation of former penn state assistant football coach, jerry sandusky. >> judge coming up: many businesses are saying thank to you veterans today. >> tell you about the deals offered to vets and active military members, still ahead on "eyewitness news". >> also ahead: carriage ride takes a frightening turn, and tourists are forced to make a

the george washington bridge. he knew about it. hey, how do you have breakfast with every day of your lives, they're closing up the largest bridge in the world, the biggest in the united states, traffic flowing, during rush hour, people couldn't get across for six, seven hours, ambulances, fire trucks, they're with them all the time can the people that did it. they never said, hey, boss, we're closing up the george washington bridge tonight, no, they never said. they're talking about the weather, right? then so he knew about it. he knew about it. totally knew about it. >> totally knew about it. donald trump speaking in december. governor christie put out a statement today in response to the guilty verdicts insisting that he never knew about the scheme while it was happening despite all of the testimony to the contrary at the trial. keep in mind at the trial both the defense and the prosecution said that governor christie knew about the lane closure scheme while it was happening in september 2013. he knew about it before the media s

washington's role in unifying the country and ratifying the first federal document in "george washington, nationalist." >> hamilton had already talked to washington before about this democracy stuff. and of course washington was a true republican. he believed in republican government. >> sunday night on c-span's q&a. next, supreme court justices talk about their careers and their life on the court. we will your first from elena kagan and then clarence thomas. then president obama at the white house medal of freedom ceremony. supreme court justice elena kagan about her life and career at the equal justice works conference. this is an hour.

smith whattant you at george washington. why did the students walk out there. >> gw students were part of the national movement like you said and they took 15 demantds to dsr university asking them to support marginalized student populations -- >> what does that mean specifically? they want scholarships, free tuition for whom? >> they were asking the financial aid office supports undocumented immigrant students and that the services center gets increased funding, general things like that. >> at george washington, like tufts, expensive place to go to school, they want free tuition for illegal alien students, students that don't have proper documentation to be here? >> there was nothing as specific as that. it with as general call for the university to be a sanctuary as mr. knox from tufts said. >> i don't understand what the sanctuary entails? what does it entail? >> i have details if you would like them, bill. >> okay. go. >> some of the things that the sanctuary entails is that the university would do everything in its pow

with the brooklyn bridge or the george washington bridge who incidently the designer of the george washington bridge did the tunnel bridge. that was his last, great final work of this great engineer's life. but i was a recordkeeper. so this book that was first published in '64 and is now being reissued on the 50th anniversary, is really a testimony to a work of art and a work that changed the economic rhythms of the city. but also, i have put in this book the names and stories of dozens and dozens of workers that otherwise would be anonymous. that was one thing i took pride in. sam: that makes it a testimony to you, because you are one of those few people that cares about little people, small people, ordinary people, forgotten people, overlooked people. not the robert moses kind of people, that one of my favorite end of ithis, the justifies the means, what does? you once described yourself as an outsider, because you are the son of an italian immigrant and therefore you identified with the neighbors who were displaced and also with people like the ironworkers. they were not even invited to th

washington bridge in 2013. christie, who leads donald trump's transition team, was in charge, but as our stephanie gosk reports, his bridgegate troubles are not over. >> there are some delays out there. >> reporter: the four days of traffic at the george washington bridge, created a nightmare three years ago. deputy chief of staff, bridget anne kelly and former port authority director bill baroni, guilty of conspiring to deliberately create the chaos. prosecutors allege it was a form of political retribution against a local mayor. >> it lends credence to the cynical notion that people have that people in government can't and shouldn't be trusted. >> reporter: governor christie was never charged with a crime. >> i had no knowledge of it. and there has been no evidence ever put forward that i did. >> reporter: but it often felt that he was the one on trial. with both the prosecution and defense arguing he knew more than he admitted. david wild steen, a former port authority official testified that he told christi

with the brooklyn bridge or the george washington bridge who incidently the designer of the george washington bridge did the tunnel bridge. that was his last, great final work of this great engineer's life. but i was a recordkeeper. so this book that was first published in '64 and is now being reissued on the 50th anniversary, is really a testimony to a work of art and a work that changed the economic rhythms of the city. but also, i have put in this book the names and stories of dozens and dozens of workers that otherwise would be anonymous. that was one thing i took pride in. sam: that makes it a testimony to you, because you are one of those few people that cares about little people, small people, ordinary people, forgotten people, overlooked people. not the robert moses kind of people, that one of my favorite quotes of his, the end of it justifies the means, what does? you once described yourself as an outsider, because you are the son of an italian immigrant and therefore you identified with the neighbors who were displaced and also with people like the ironworkers. they were not even in

smith whattant you at george washington. why did the students walk out there. >> gw students were part of the national movement like you said and they took 15 demantds to dsr university asking them to support marginalized student populations -- >> what does that mean specifically? they want scholarships, free tuition for whom? >> they were asking the financial aid office undocumented immigrant students and that the services center gets increased funding, general things like that. >> at george washington, like tufts, expensive place to go to school, they want free tuition for illegal alien students, students that don't have proper documentation to be here? >> there was nothing as specific as that. it with as general call for the university to be a sanctuary as mr. knox from tufts said. >> i don't understand what the sanctuary entails? what does it entail? >> i have details if you would like them, bill. >> okay. go. >> some of the things that the sanctuary entails is that the university would do everything in its pow tore prot

mean tile, george washington students sets up go fund me campaign to help victim. raised more than 5,000. >> and firefighters in prince george county rescued a man would was trapped in a trench for more than five hours today and it happened near crescent road and green belt. the man was replacing pipe when the dirt started caving in around him. rescue crews pulled him out 6:00 tonight and the man is expected to survive. >> when former d.c. public schools chancellor kya helped are son announced he resignation in september many would leave weeks into the school year. we have a better idea would could have been happening behind the scenes. marina morocco joins us. >> the city board of ethics called into question kya accepteder son request for donation while in office. henderson abruptly resigned in september two weeks into the school year. we asked the mayor about the board's position to sent sewer the former khouns lor. here's former kya henderson at asked major city contractors to give money top go towards the gala honoring teachers. the investigation also found hen

two former allies of chris christie found revenge scheme to cause a traffic jam on the george washington bridge in 2013. christie, who leads donald trump's transition team, was in charge, but as our stephanie gosk reports, his bridgegate troubles are not over. >> there are some delays out there. >> reporter: the four days of traffic at the george washington bridge, created a nightmare three years ago. today a jury found new jersey governor chris christie's former deputy chief of staff, bridget anne kelly and former port authority guilty of conspiring to deliberately create the chaos. prosecutors allege it was a form of political retribution against a local mayor. >> it lends credence to the cynical notion that people have that people in government can't and shouldn't be trusted. >> reporter: governor christie was never charged with a crime. >> i had no knowledge of it. and there has been no evidence ever put forward that i did. >> reporter: but it often felt that he was the one on trial. defense arguing he knew more than he admitted. david wild steen, a former port authority official tes

that's the latest from george washington university. john henry, wusa 9. >>> we are also following a breaking news situation from middleton in frederick county. a woman has been attacked by a bear. emergency vehicles are at the scene right now in frederick county, and we understand the meredith hospital in haggerstown for treatment of puncture wounds. no word what happened or what happened to the bear. we will share the latest information as it comes into the news room. >>> the charles county health department says someone at laplatta high school has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. they are working to determine who should be tested for it b. the school sent a letter home to all details. now according to the cdc, t.b. gets into the air when someone with the disease coughs, spits, sneezes, spits or sings. people with t.b. disease are most lickly to spread it to people they spend time with every day like family members or close friends. it's not spread through clothes or sharing a drink or food or shaking hands or using the surfaces. >>>