i mean, fdr was sick. he was really kept in the dark in terms of foreign-policy issue so i have always been amazed by how quickly he stepped up to the plate. question: one of the earlier questions, how long did it take the american media to shift from this embrace of the soviets to a more lucid understanding about how evil he was and how aggressive. i can recall that when it appeared that greece and turkey were going to go communist, the then-chairman of the foreign senate relations committee was a republican. and when there was some consternation about truman's overtures to get help to prevent this, to prevent the turkey and greece from going communist, that vandenberg made the statement "we're trying to avoid partisanship." he said "partisanship should end at the water's edge meaning there should be bipartisan support for the initiative. i think it was successful. so my question is how long did it take for that to be dissipated? because i can tell you that 25, 30 years later, there was tremendous partisa

fdr was sick. there was a chance he wouldn't be around and truman was kept in the dark in terms of the -- the foreign policy issues. and so i've always been amazed at how quickly he stepped up to the plate. >> we have a couple of questions here in the center. >> one of the earlier questions was how long does it take the american media to shift from this embrace of the soviets of stalin to a more lucid understanding of how evil he was and how aggressive. i can recall that when it appeared that greece and turkey were going to go communist, the then german of the senate foreign relations committee was arthur vandenberg, a republican, and when there was some consternation about truman's overtures to get help to prevent this, to prevent the turkey and grea greece from going communist, that vandenberg made the statement, we're trying to avoid partisanship. he said, partisanship should end at the water's edge. meaning there should be bipartisan support for truman 's initiative. and i think that it was suc

i mean, fdr was sick. truman was really kept in the dark in terms of foreign-policy issue so i have always been amazed by how quickly he stepped up to the plate. >> one of the earlier questions, how long did it take the american media to shift from this embrace of the soviets to a more lucid understanding about how evil he was and how aggressive. i can recall that when it appeared that greece and turkey were going to go communist, the then-chairman of the foreign senate relations committee was a republican. and when there was some consternation about truman's overtures to get help to prevent this, to prevent the turkey and greece from going communist, that vandenberg made the statement "we're trying to avoid partisanship." he said partisanship should end at the water's edge meaning there should be bipartisan support for the initiative. i think it was successful. so my question is how long did it take for that to be dissipated? because i can tell you that 25, 30 years later, there was tremendous partisanshi

that the admiral and his men were being betrayed i the fdr administration. -- by the fdr administration. the american response was to attack civilian targets, dropping napalm on cities like tokyo. what is your response what -- to that? mr. sien: we will start with steve twomey. mr. twomey: he raised several points. we did break japan's diplomatic code and had been reading the messages between tokyo and washington for about a year. at no time were there any indications in those messages that pearl harbor itself was a .arget for an attack there would be no reason for the foreign ministry to be telling its ambassadors in washington that the war was coming and where it would start, particularly given the confusion within the japanese government about who was doing what. the second point he raised was regarding aircraft carriers. this is often cited as evidence that somebody do something was coming. -- new something was coming. the two aircraft carriers based in pearl harbor were away on december 7. they had each been dispatched on specific missions. they were behaving like fedex, carrying a

i mean, fdr was sick. darks really kept in the in terms of foreign-policy issue so i have always been amazed by how quickly he stepped up to the plate. question: one of the earlier takeions, how long did it the american media to shift from to aembrace of the soviets more lucid understanding about how evil he was and how aggressive. i can recall that when it appeared that greece and turkey the going to go communist, then-chairman of the foreign senate relations committee was a republican. and when there was some consternation about truman's overtures to get help to prevent turkey andevent the grease from going communist, that vandenberg made the statement "we're trying to avoid partisanship." he said partisanship should end at the water's edge meaning there should be bipartisan support for the initiative. i think it was successful. so my question is how long did it take for that to be dissipated? because i can tell you that 25, 30 years later, there was tremendous partisanship in opposition to some grave ef

he gave a speech and this was fdr's rebuttal. endicott peabody had been arguing the case for america annexing hawaii. 1898, 16 years old, franklin roosevelt goes through this whole explanation why the united states should not annex hawaii, making reference to the fact that although it has a nice harbor -- pearl harbor, b be in -- which would be an excellent place for coal refueling, but it would cost the american navy $100 million to build a fleet big enough to protect hawaii from the japanese empire. 1898. he had a global perspective that very few americans had at that point. his mother had traveled extensively, his mother's family were in the china trade, his mother had lived in china. very unusual. he traveled to europe extensively. he loved germany. he thought germany was the greatest culture in the world. he was fluent in german and french. he had an enormous global sophistication. the master speech file is great because any event that happened, we have his speeches on. starting in 1930 or so we link the speeches to the audi

fdr, it is on his wheelchair arm. secret service builds the 750 foot zigzag tunnel that links the white house to the treasury department. food, clothing, office space down there. fdr said to the treasury not going, henry, i'm down there unless i can play poker with all the gold in your vaults. never does go down there but that tunnel, photos of that tunnel still classified. you cannot get them from the secret service. i believe -- believe me, i tried. can't do tit. but washington is in lockdown. of germaneal fear bombers. real fear of sabotage. during this period. did not even talk about re routing the flow of the potomac and anacostia rivers. because at the confluence of those rivers, pilots could get a fix on the white house, about a mile behind them. but right in line. there is even talk of that. fdr says during a press conference in february of 1942, the germans can probably come in and bomb new york city or washington, d.c. tonight. under certain circumstances, they might even be able to reach detroit and and bom

mary: fdr, in particular is an important president for me. my father was on the island of corregidor in 1941 on december 7 and was eventually captured, put on how ship and syntel for he spent time. my mother worked on george marshall staff throughout the war so i grew up with world war ii in ways that think are probably a little unusual for someone my age so it is meaningful for me to be here and be allowed to do this tonight. they asked me to curate the place, which means i got to choose the ones that you will hear, so what i try to do was walk you through the process of how we got into the war, prosecuted and then how do you make friends with people at the end of the war, so that is what i'm hoping to do. paul: we have to start with march 15, 1941. this was one of the most frought periods in american history because the war in europe was raging, the battle of britain had brought england literally to its knees but america was an isolationist country. at this point, the majority of americans do not want to get involved in the art and if you'r

even when fdr not as blanche did not followed eleanor's advice. we are happy that blanche worked long in this volume and four presidentials have come and nearly gone in the years since roosevelt house has returned as essential part of hunter college, sort of like we were waiting for you blanche and able to celebrate launch in place and views of eleanor's spirit in one of the most beautiful portraits upstairs. we follow eleanor through world war 24, fdr's death and along the new pass of her own public life including the founder -- founding of the un which is, of course, launched in hunter's uptown campus in the bronx and eleanor's championship of human rights. rarely has a biography so brilliantly depicted the intersection of the historical pictures including accounts between eleanor and franklin during the war as personal and political strains in their relationship. as one concludes, for eleanor what carol has done for lyndon johnson. it's fair to say that no one has fallen in eleanor's footsteps and forged new pass for first ladies' life in a way

in 1943, fdr is concerned about american morale. at war for 16, 17 months. he thinks the dedication of the jefferson memorial and the display of the original declaration of independence will really help boost american spirits. overe document is taken fort knox, no one knew where it came from, and put on display at the jefferson memorial for one week under 24 hour marine guard. thousands of americans come to see it. it is that symbol, again. knox.t goes back to fort one other point. another part of the story i need to get to before your questions, and that is in 1952. december 13, 1952, a huge day. a huge parade down pennsylvania avenue, an avenue that sees many parades. military bands, military ahicles, military personnel, company, the original declaration and constitution from the library of congress to the national, archives. after many years of wrangling and infighting and turf battles between the library of congress and the national archives, the decision finally gets made. ,resident truman driving it luther evans and wayne grover getting together to mak

fdr struck out a eference to the text. he had a number of conversations with sumner welles, where he seems to suggest it is american and british power that need to undergird the world order after the war. maybe sometime in the future, there should be a larger security organization, but that is not something we should talk about now. is there a conceptual idea that's not just about conceptualization their wide variety of foreign policy think that the international organization is not a good solution to the problem of how to maintain a world order and the post war world. the u.n. is reconceived later on -- > the languages softened and fdr goes along with that readily because he is worried about his flank. that isolationist constituencies will sieize on that and say, another league. that is the last thing we need. basically, fdr has no idea what he is describing at the time. he has widely varying visions of what that general system might actually entail. effectively having a veto for every overeign power and other fixes for t

he gave a speech and this was fdr's rebuttal. endicott peabody had been arguing the case for america annexing hawaii. old, franklin roosevelt goes this whole explanation why the united states should not annex hawaii, making reference to the fact that although it has a nice harbor -- pearl harbor, b be in a someplace for cool refueling -- but it would cost the american navy $100 million to build a fleet big enough to protect hawaii from the japanese empire. 1898. had a global perspective that very few americans had at that point. his mother had traveled extensively, his mother's family were in the china trade, his mother had lived in china. very unusual. he traveled to europe extensively. he loved germany. he thought germany had the greatest culture in the world. he was fluent in german and french. the master speech file is great because any event that happened, we have his speeches on. we link in 1930 or so the speeches to the audio recording of the actual speech so you can see the transcripts of the different drafts of the speec

i think that fdr, i didn't write that. the editor called the book the defining years because i think that was apt and it really is, who can we be? what can we be in this country? can we really be a democracy? can we have opportunity for everybody, housing for everybody, education for everybody and that became the goal. became franklin's goal and eleanor's goal and there were some effort really to make that happen during the height of the new deal and it was eleanor roosevelt who fought for the g.i., their rights, education for everybody, real opportunity. this has to happen and reagan defunded and the bones so much and the reagan revolution is really horrific and this neoliberal what the hell is that moment i think a new movement, new movements are a warning and we just have to continue to fight. it's never over until it's over. revolution is about the process. it's not an event. [applause] >> thank you blanche. [applause] >> i wonder if we could ask. >> thank you very much blanche, congratulations and we will have a recep

we will hear fdr deliver six speeches, including "the day of infamy" speech following the pearl harbor attack of december 7, 1941. the 75th anniversary of that attack is it this week.

fdr as time would show, chose not only successor but the successor's success or. all of the novels have been written all given rise to controversies that still can't be deemed subtled but roosevelt seem to be receive in many accounts, he was too easily presumed by writers doing their studies long after the fact to have been a dying man losing his grip on affairs and in the midst of all the big events. after all he did die. yet somehow he manage today remain a convincing president, almost to the end. his actual medical condition was never disclosed in his lifetime and his medical records disappeared, were presumably destroyed afterwards. it probably should have occurred to me the other day to ask myself whether he had anything to do with that, i don't mean after he died but in preparation . i think the answer may be yes. he took care as he always had to cover his tracks and not just when it came to matters medical. this was the most private of public men, charming, outgoing to the point of being locatiuos making hillary clinton a revelation. [laughter] >> he kept a

bob, about an hour ago i got many my car and drove up the fdr to make it for this fine program. the dow wasn't doing anything. what happened in the last hour or so? >> a pleasure to see you. don't see you often enough. good to see you down here. the lack of bids. the buyers have dried up and we have had no direction for now, 11 days in a row. the dow movers here, there is no particular pattern here. you got industrials like boeing and caterpillar, tech that is weaker, consumer names, health names. no pattern. just a general droop across the board here. i know this is a holiday season, volume is on the light side, we're getting exceptionally light volume. volume in the big etfs, financial, energy, is less than half of what it normally would be. that's exceptional, even on a

right.some ways he was fdr essentially congratulated the japanese by saying this was an extraordinarily brilliant attack. technically certainly it was. the japanese accomplished something that never had been accomplished before. they launched a huge coordinated airstrike from six carrier flight next. that was not only beyond american capability, but beyond the capability of navy. it had never been done before, -- had never been a vegan never been imagined. that is the reason that pearl harbor was such a great shock. host: why did japan attack the u.s.? ian: that is a question japanese scholars and american scholars have been debating for 75 years. i think the best way to answer is with the understanding that the japanese regime prior to and during the second world war was essentially dysfunctional. shared across many elements of the military. it was an army dominated government. the navy also had a great deal of power. rival factions within the services, and each other's throats nonstop for control of the national budget, military and foreign policy. japanese needed oil. they had relied

we will hear fdr deliver six speeches, including "the day of infamy" speech following the pearl harbor attack of december 7, 1941. the 75th anniversary of that attack is it this week. this is just over one hour. paul: tonight, we have a really fantastic guest and friend of the librar

host: let me go to fdr. if you had been an aid to fdr in 1940, what would you have told him when winston churchill kept "aying, "we need you in this. that: churchill was right the united states was inevitably going to be drawn into this the american that public politically speaking was not ready for it to happen yet, so he had to take interim measures, some of which may well have been unconstitutional, to keep the united states, you know, to reinstitute the draft, do various things with the destroyers, the other things that he did to keep the united states in a position of would be, and so, it ready when the time came, and of course, than the japanese, not only the japanese in their attack, but hitler's declaring war, which was a remarkable thing. it took the matter out of his hand. , withinink he actually the bounds of the politics of his time, carried things off pretty well, and i think he knew what he was -- you very much knew what he was doing, but the american public was not ready for another overseas e

he tried krooid in april 1945 at fdr's memorial service and also when he visited his grave after the war. on the 4th of may, there was celebratory drinks, 4th of may, 1945, celebratory drinks with the chief of staff. and there according to allen brooks' diary, tears in his eyes for all we have done. it was an appalling moment, actually. because allen brook, field marshall, lord adam brook failed to make a speech, thanksing churchill for everything he had done the. and it was one of the great missed opportunities for the chiefs of staff to show their appreciation to the prime minister. later that month, in the coalition after the coalition government had broken are up, churchill was at home at number 10 downing street to those who had served there during the war. hugh dalton wrote standing behind the familiar green baize table he addressed us with tears streaming down his cheeks. he said that we had all come together and had stayed together as a united band of friends in a very trying time. history would recognize this. the light of history will shine on your helmets, he said. two mon

fdr just congress. president roosevelt assured, comforted, and embolden the american people. i share some of those words with you. mr. vice president, mr. speaker, members of the senate and of the house of representatives. 1941, a day that .ill live in infamy the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked public air forces. causing severe damage to the american naval and military forces. i regret to tell you that many american lives have been lost. statesple of the united will understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. as commander-in-chief of the army and navy, i have directed all measures be taken. but always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. no matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated dish premeditated invasion, the american people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. so help us god. i believe i interpret the will of the congress and the people and we will not only defend ourselves, but make it very certain that this form of treachery shall

fdr essentially congratulated the japanese by saying that this was an extraordinarily brilliant attack. tackily certainly it was. the japanese accomplished something that never had been accomplished before. came two-thirds of the way across the pacific ocean, launched a huge accord ated air strike in two waves from is six carrier flight decks. that was something that not only was it beyond american capabilities at that time, it was beyond the capabilities of any navy. it had never been done before. and really had never even been imagined that something that technically complicated could be achieved. that's part of the reason pearl harbor came at such a huge shock. >> why did japan ask the u.s.? >> that is a question japanese scholars and american scholars have been debating now 75 years i think the best way to answer it is is to begin with the understanding that the japanese regime, prior to enduring the second world war, was essentially disfunctional. power was shared across many different elements of the military establishment. it was an army-dominated government. yet the navy also h

host: let me go to fdr. if you had been an aid to fdr in 1940, what would you have told him when winston churchill kept saying, "we need you in this." guest: churchill was right that the united states was inevitably going to be drawn into this conflict, but that the american public politically speaking was not ready for it to happen yet, so he had to take interim measures, some of which may well have been unconstitutional, to keep the united states, you know, to reinstitute the draft, do various things with the destroyers, the other things that he did to keep the united states in a position of influence, and so, it would be ready when the time came, and of course, than the japanese, not only the japanese in their attack, but hitler's declaring war, which was a remarkable thing. it took the matter out of his hand. but i think he actually, within the bounds of the politics of his time, carried things off pretty well, and i think he knew what he was -- you very much knew what he was doing, but the american publ

even when fdr is not follow their advice. we are very lucky that blanche worked long enough on the third volume that in the four residential administrations i have come and gone in the year since roosevelt has returned as an essential part of hunter college. with one of the most beautiful portraits of eleanor upstairs. to the beautiful pro so we followed them to world war ii and along with the new path of their own a public life including the founder of the un which is their uptown campus in the bronx. and of course the championship of human rights around the world in the years before her death in 1962. is depicted the intersection of historical figures. during the war. as political strings increase. it's what they have done for lyndon johnson. i think it's fair to say but no one has followed in the footsteps and forge new path in and after the white house and quite way. while she credits the inspiration nearly every step of the way. as much as tonight's the celebration as a one of our most accomplished alumni of course and l

. >> i think the differentiation of good presidents and bad presidents -- washington, lincoln, and fdr are always top the surveys that historians take. you can't come to the top of the ladder and not be decisive. buchanan was a waffler. got to tell me what to do. that is how he was as president. it -- it :00 p.m. eastern on c-span's q&a. >> welcome to scottsdale on american history tv. located just east of phoenix and town,med a most western the city passes economy is based heavily on tourism. explore the history of this destination. soon, how a civil war union soldier found his way to the arizona territory to settle the town of scottsdale. >> a few years later, he decided he missed the army. he could not be a fighting man. he rejoined as a chaplain. they stationed him to arizona and that is how we got to arizona. later, the story of 25 germans escaping a pow camp during world war ii. >> there were several of these camps scattered around there. can't have 4000 german prisoners and many were hard-core german naval arsenal. is probably true that the government was trying to get as far aw

he cry as she cried at fdr's memorial service and when he visited his grave after the war. on the fourth of may, there were celebratory drinks with the chief of staff. according to alan brooke's diary, it was always with tears. an appalling moments because ath brooke failing to make speech, thinking churchill for everything he had done, and it was one of the great missed for those chiefs of staff to show their appreciation to the prime minister. later that month in the coalition government broken up, churchill was at home for those who served there during the war. it was also written in a diary that at the familiar cabinet table, he addressed this with tears streaming down his jake's. he said that we all came together and stay together as a united band of friends in a trying time and history would recognize this. the lights of history will shine on your helmet, he said. , the results of the 19 foot her collection came. -- the 1945 collection came. 1947, [indiscernible] award toented an winston churchill, having won the declaration himself during the defense, and churchill w

it was a sunday afternoon in washington, and fdr was about to take the nation to war. here is >> president roosevelt was as shocked as everyone else. he was working on his stamp collection in his private white house study, preserved in this panoramic photo at the fdr library in hyde park, new york. >> the phone rings at this desk, secretary of the navy on the line. and he tells the president, that the pearl harbor naval base is under attack. >> he is the library's curator. >> first reaction was to shout into the phone, no. in a state of disbelief. hours, roosevelt dictated and edited in his own hand, one of the greatest presidential speeches ever. beginning with the stirring line he delivered to a joint session of congress the next day. >> december 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. >> reporter: but there were moments, says paul spare row, director of the fdr library, when the enormity of what happened almost overwhelmed the son and closest advisers where i think the weight got to him. he had a moment of despair. >> he felt that he was -- going to go down in

fdr on december 8th, and a hand-written speech. want to show our audience part of this speech. >> yesterday, december 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy , united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. the united states was at peace with that nation, and at the solicitation of japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor, looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific. with confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determines determination of our people we will gain the inevitable triumph, so help us god. [applause] >> host: one draft with some markouts. >> i'd love to do that. >> host: that is the basically -- gave that -- >> gave dictation and then one redraft. >> host: did this speech get played in japan? covered? >> no. instead the broadcast tokyo's declaration -- tojo's decorate speech. and its pales in comparison looking it's now, and he had an unfortunate sort of -- not clear enunciation and does sound like a sta

he cried in april and also when he visited fdr's grave after the war. in may there were celebrating drinking on 1945 and celebrated drinks with the chief of staff and there according to allen brooks diary, tears in his eyes for all that he had done. it was an appalling moment and adam brooks failed the make a speech and thanking him for what he did. the it was one of the great missed opportunities for the chief of staff to show their appreciations to the prime minist minister. later that many in the coalition government broken up, churchill was at home for those who served there during the war. it was also written in a diary that at the familiar cabinet table, he addressed this with tears streaming down his cheeks. he said that we all came together and stay together as a united band of friends in a trying time and history would recognize this. the light of history would shine on the helmets and two months later patrick and elizabeth sat trying with him when the election came in. the tears just as he we want a lot before the war and so did the tears keep

fdr on december 8 and a hand written speech. what to show our audience part of this speech. >> yesterday, december 7th, 1941, it did which will live in infamy. the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval air forces of the empire of japan. the united states will appease that that nation and that the solicitation of japan was still in conversation with its government and its emperor, looking towards the maintenance of peace in the pacific with confidence in our armed base, with unbounded determination of our people, we won't gain the inevitable triumph so help us god. [applause] >> host: one draft with america. [laughter] he basically gave that dictation ended one reach out and that is one of the greatest speeches in american history. >> host: did this speech get played in japan? >> guest: now, instead they did the declaration speech -- it really doesn't compare ascending than that keen on it now. he is now fortunate for them not enunciation and it does sound like a stage actor. he was then propaga

fdr on december 8 and a hand written speech. what to show our audience part of this speech. >> yesterday, december 7th, 1941, it did which will live in infamy. the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval air forces of the empire of japan. the united states will appease that that nation and that the solicitation of japan was still in conversation with its government and its emperor, looking towards the maintenance of peace in the pacific with confidence in our armed base, with unbounded determination of our people, we won't gain the inevitable triumph so help us god. [applause] >> host: one draft with america. [laughter] he basically gave that dictation ended one reach out and that is one of the greatest speeches in american history. >> host: did this speech get played in japan? >> guest: now, instead they did the declaration speech -- it really doesn't compare ascending than that keen on it now. he is now fortunate for them not enunciation and it does sound like a stage actor. he was then propaga

the next afternoon, fdr addressed congress. president roosevelt reassure, comforted and e boldened the american people. today i share some of those words with you. mr. vice president, mr. speaker, members of the senate and of the house of representatives, yesterday, december 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attack by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces. i regret to tell you that very many american lives have been lost. the people of the united states have already formed their opinions and will will understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. as commander in chief of the army and navy i have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. but always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. no matter how long it may take us to overcome this premed indicated invasion, the american p

it was a sunday afternoon in washington, and fdr was about to take the nation to war. here is david martin. >> president roosevelt was as shocked as everyone else. he was working on his stamp collection in his private white house study, preserved in this panoramic photo at the fdr library in hyde park, new york. >> the phone rings at this desk, secretary of the navy on the line. and he tells the president, that the pearl harbor naval base is under attack. >> he is the library's curator. >> first reaction was to shout into the phone, no. in a state of disbelief. >> reporter: within a matter of hours, roosevelt dictated and edited in his own hand, one of the greatest presidential speeches ever. beginning with the stirring line he delivered to a joint session of congress the next day. >> december 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. >> reporter: but there were moments, says paul spare row, director of the fdr library, when the enormity of what happened almost overwhelmed the president. >> he was having dinner with his son and closest advisers where i think the wei

so, it appears that admiral kimmel and his men were being betrayed by the fdr administration. then the american response was the attack civilian targets to drop napalm on cities like tokyo. where is your group's response to that? >> host: let's start with steve twomey and see if the other authors want to add to what he has to say. >> guest: he raised several points there. i can go through them quickly. we did break japan's diplomatic code and had been reading the messages between tokyo and washington for about a year, but at no time were there any indications in those messages that pearl harbor itself was a target for an attack, and there would be no reason for the foreign ministry to be telling its ambassadors in washington that a war was coming and where it would start. particularly given the confusion within the japanese government about who was doing what. the second point raised was regarding aircraft carriers. this is often cited as i think evidence that somebody knew something was coming. the two aircraft carriers in pearl harbor were indeedway on december 7th but had e

and it left everybody unsure of where fdr was headed except fdr himself. and i'm seeing donald trump on, you know, operate in those kinds of ways. so he may -- he may tweet out this afternoon, and then another one contradicts it later. that doesn't bother him. because he feels he's moving his agenda forward and he's in command. we're going to have to get used to that style of leadership or else we're going to be tweet dizzy the next four years. >> i think a lot of people are already there. >> -- uses uncertainty as a positive asset. >> unpredictability as a positive asset. he said that many times. douglas brinkley, ron brownstein, thank you both. all right coming up tensions escalating after secretary kerry delivers a harsh warning to israel. prime minister netanyahu firing back. what this means for u.s. and israel relations moving forward. stay with us. and even though their dentures look clean, in reality they're not. if a denture were to be put under a microscope, we can see all the bacteria that still exists on the denture, and that bacteria multiplies

so i think that fdr -- the editor called about the defining years. but i think that was asked and it really is who can we be? what can we be in this country? can we really be a democracy? can we have opportunity for everybody, housing for everybody, education for everybody and that became the book. it became franklin's goal and eleanor's goal and i think there was some effort to make that happen during the height of the new deal and it was eleanor roosevelt who really users of the bull for the g.i. bill of rights. education for everybody. real opportunity. this has to have been. reagan defunded anti-dog so much in the reagan resolution is really terrific and they are factor in the neoliberal wet is that moment, but i think it is a new movement are of warning and we just have to continue to fight. it is never over until it's over. .. >> once again, thank you. >> thank you. [applause] >> locum to scottsdale on booktv. located just east of arizona's capital city of phoenix it was foundefound by u.s. army chaplan winfield scott in 1894. today it has a po

a week later, fdr asked congress for $525 million for american armament. the germans responded that this was a nation ablated invasions from mars. hitler made two references to the war on the world's show and how gullible the americans were. the germans said to relatively little in the press after that because hitler was going to speak shortly. there was a firm rule in germany that you could not comment on foreign policy until he had made that policy clear. on january 30 1938 -- january 30, 1939, hitler gave one of his more significant ages. -- significant speeches. he said if international financial jews succeed once again and plunging the people's into a world war, it will not be a victory of the jews but a destruction of the jewish race in europe. what is interesting is that in january 19 39, nobody thought he meant the holocaust. this did not get much attention as other parts of the speech. later hitler said that europe would solve the problem of jews the same way germany had -- five propaganda. tens of thousands of posters all over germany. this came

people always remember the next day with this speech on capitol hill by fdr. actually spokelt in a radio address the night of december 7. here is part of that address. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. i am speaking to you tonight in a very serious moment in our history. the cap it is convening and the leaders in congress are meeting with the president. the state department and officials are meeting with the president all afternoon. in fact, the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines and thinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a form to be ready for action. we the people are already prepared for action. for months, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen, has been hate over our heads, and yet, it seemed impossible to believe, impossible to drop the everyday things of life, and feel there was only one thing that was important -- preparation to meet an enemy,

people always remember the next day, the speech to congress by fdr. what they might not know is that eleanor roosevelt spoke to the nation that night. i'm speaking at a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and congress is meeting with the president. army and navy officials convened with the president all afternoon. in fact, the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time that japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines, and sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, members of congress will have a full report and be ready for action. in the meantime, we the people are already prepared for action. for months, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen has been hanging over our heads. and yet it seemed impossible to believe, and possible -- impo ssible to drop the everyday things of life and feel there was only one thing that was important, preparation to meet an enemy no matter where he struck. that is all over now. th

fdr has died. we have an untested president. coup by the middle of 1945 will have pulled numbers that make herbert hoover look like a rock star. horror of the holocaust to which we have usome anesthetized, haunting every day. academy motion picture, award-winning film that year was "the best year of our lives." an extraordinary film which if you do not own, shame on you who are interested in the war. we have incredible heightened racial tensions in the united states. we have wildcat strikes. we have an untested president disregarding his poll numbers but who cannot seem to manage the economy. he lists rent controls while he keeps the controls on wages. he lists food prices and puts but stillack on rent keeps controls on wages. dislocation in the united states. as many people as left home to work in the defense industries as went overseas to fight the war. communities, multiracial communities that we are -- that were trying to figure out how to develop. and in europe has 60 million displaced refugees. amount 60 times the we have

if you look at the two really consequential presidents, lyndon johnson and fdr, and reagan to a certain extent, they ended up with congressional majorities that lasted, particularly in johnson and fdr's case. that.was not able to do what happened over obama's watch , the democratic party lost heavily at almost every level. did he cause that or how responsible was he? fareed: a very good question. some people say it's because he was not skilled as a politician in the way lyndon johnson was. johnson had a way to extend his power through congress. i think there is probably some of that. he was personally a charismatic politician but the bigger issue has changed a lot in the last 15 years and has changed in ways that have been propelled by globalization, immigration and multiculturalism. there was a backlash and the democrats have paid a price. they been on the receiving end of that backlash and that force, that backlash was very strong and it was a backlash, let's be honest, to an african american president. across see this backlash the western world. it makes me think that force was too s

the biggest thrust came with the new deal with fdr after the great depression and periodically a reaction after increases in governmental power, americans have second thoughts and usually there's a conservative reaction is the next was the great society in the 1960s with lyndon johnson and the obama administration brought in the fourth wave, the affordable care act and the dodd-frank act are these monuments, qualitatively a new step in the development of an american states. >> how has this affected you and i and everyone else? >> usually don't meet a bureaucrat face-to-face. >> everything you do in life is affected by rules these people make, anything that involves your healthcare now is increasingly dictated by health and human services to apply for a job there are all kinds of requirements and regulations and employers especially have to comply with all kinds of red tape. compliance costs of satisfying federal regulators are growing exponentially. education, schools are increasingly being managed, schools is to be the quintessential local institution, a place where americans really gove

it was fdr's mistake. to the people who said did he do it deliberately, i don't think he would have wanted to start a war by something he would be rightly blamed for, this mistake of putting all the ships in one place in pearl harbor which was harder to defend. >> how did the american industrial complex such as it was then rebuild the fleet and mobilize so rapidly for the world war? >> we had a good start. roosevelt was conscious of the fact that so many americans were isolationists in 1940. he said, let us build up our navy and our army as a way of staying out of the war. so by the time of pearl harbor, the military machine essentially just kicked into a higher gear rather than having to start from zero. >> in terms of the draft and the people who volunteered? >> the draft, again, roosevelt's foresight. the draft had started a little bit more than a year earlier with a lottery in washington during the presidential campaign. it was roosevelt's leadership to essentially prepare the country and say, i don't

he chose for reasons we do not fully understand, not to attend fdr's -- relationship between fdr and winston churchill had significantly deteriorated. here was his chance. is morale begins to recover. -- his morale begins to recover. [indiscernible] a knows the captain very well from the war. he says i have to address the troops, and he does. churchill had a profound belief in -- he takes a bit of a holiday, goes out enjoys the sun, goes and they said why are you thinking the beauties of the florida beaches and -- he prepares the speech and he comes to the actual event. the president refers to one fact of the journey. ,hey were on board the train and winston churchill toward the -- heing of the evening, hands the speech to president truman, who reads it and says that he things it's ok, it's --d, but he also remarks lord watson: why did he call a press conference and say i had no idea what mr. churchill would say? why? it was the shindig, the united -- the enormous opposition in the united states, and the roosevelt family. the situation, the challenge that winston churchill was facing