horatio gates comes down, washington expects gates to help them out. he has helped him out by bringing down 500 seasoned soldiers but gates claims he is too ill cannot help but he needs to go to philadelphia. by this time the british was knocking on the door and the continental congress has fled to baltimore. somehow gates decides he is ill but it does not preclude writing all the way to baltimore. it's clear to washington that if this expedition into new jersey doesn't go well horatio gates will be perfectly poised to be the next one in line. even before this in november, his general, joseph reed who has been at his side throughout the battle of long island, was there for part of the siege of boston, he has begun to lose confidence in him. washington learns is when he opens a letter addressed to read by charles lee. basically the second highest command ranking officer in the army. a brit who is now the american side by the correspondence washington can see that joseph reed has reached out to charles lee that if this does not go well what you should do

horatio gate, for example, comes down from fort ticonderoga. washington expects gates to help him out. he has helped him by five seasoned soldiers, but gates claims he's too ill and can't help. he needs to go to philadelphia. by this time with the british knocking on pennsylvania's door, the continental congress has fled to baltimore. somehow gates decides, well, he's ill, but he's not that-- that does not preclude riding all the way to baltimore where congress is. it's clear to washington that if this expedition into new jersey does not go well, horatio gates will be perfectly poisoned to be the next one in line. and then before this, in november, his agitant general, joseph reed, who has been at his side, the siege of boston, he's begun to lose confidence in him and washington learns this when he inadvertently opens a letter addressed to reed from charles lee, basically the second highest command, ranking officer in the american army. in english, a brit who is now on the american side. by the correspondents washington can see that row self re

we must continue to retreat. >> we'll run no farther, general. >> horatio gates is perpetually butting heads with george washington. he actually approaches congress to seek washington's removal from command. >> this army exists to protect the american people, not to run away from them. >> despite washington's resolve, the end seems near for the american revolution. enlistments are set to expire in just days, and many soldiers have already deserted. thousands more suffer torture and brutal abuse as prisoners of war, many in hellish conditions on british prison ships, where the usual conventions of war are ignored for americans. washington's army has dwindled to just a few thousand, while the british are bolstered by battalions of german mercenaries. the hessians' brutal tactics begin forcing new jersey into submission. >> the hessian mercenaries are so feared that they get their own mention in the declaration of independence. they had a reputation of being cold-blooded killers. >> monsters! [ woman screams ] >> aah! >> german troops commit atrocities everywhere. there are murders. there

we must continue to retreat. >> we'll run no farther, general. >> horatio gates is perpetually butting heads with george washington. he actually approaches congress to seek washington's removal from command. >> this army economisxists to p the american people. not to run away from them. ♪ >> despite washington's resolve the end seems near. enlistments expire in days and many soldiers are already desserted. many and hellish conditions on british prison ships, where the usual conventions of war are ignored for americans. washington's army has dwindled to just a few thousand. while the british are bolstered by battalions of mercenaries. >> the mercenaries are so feared that they get their own mention in the declaration of independence. they had a reputation of being cold-blooded killers. >> german troops commit atrocities everywhere. there are murders. there are farms being burned. there are rapes. and when the american people see their farms ruined. their families and their wives and their children suffering. they begin to decide that it is not worth it. the cause has begun to reach a

we must continue to retreat. >> we'll run no farther, general. >> horatio gates is perpetually butting heads with george washington. he actually approaches congress to seek washington's removal from command. >> this army exists to protect the american people, not to run away from them. >> despite washington's resolve, the end seems near for the american revolution. enlistments are set to expire in just days, and many soldiers have already deserted. thousands more suffer torture and brutal abuse as prisoners of war, many in hellish conditions on british prison ships, where the usual conventions of war are ignored for americans. washington's army has dwindled to just a few thousand, while the british are bolstered by battalions of german mercenaries. the hessians' brutal tactics begin forcing new jersey into submission. >> the hessian mercenaries are so feared that they get their own mention in the declaration of independence. they had a reputation of being cold-blooded killers. >> monsters! [ woman screams ] >> aah! >> german troops commit atrocities everywhere. there are farms being bu

it was horatio gates. you see there is the glorious washington and gates identified. i do not know which one is which because neither of them look like either of the people they are purported to be and that is precisely the point. you just threw up a wood cut, a cheap woodcut and see what happened. as a matter of fact, these images were interchangeable with almost any other person in colonial america. that was the point. so people that wanted to consume images of washington in the public sphere still had to wait for something more accurate. they had to wait even longer than 1796, which is when this page from a textbook for young americans comes out. again, it identifies george washington. to me, it is ben franklin. i do not know. [laughter] there were 11 with blocks cut for this textbook to represent 22 people, so you can tell. the only thing that would separate them is the addition of a tricorn hat sometimes. this is what people had to work with. eventually, the portraitists we talked about trumbull, stuart realized he had a good thing going with engravings. they cou

it was horatio gates. there are washington and gates identified here. i don't know which one is which, because neither of them look like either of the people they're purported to be. that's precisely the point. you just threw up a cheap wood cut and see what happens. as a matter of fact, these images were interchangeable with almost any other person in colonial america. that was the point. so people who wanted to consume images of washington in the public sphere still had to wait for something more accurate. they had to wait even longer than 1796, which is which this page from a textbook for young americans comes out. again, it identifies it as george washington. to me it's ben franklin. i don't know. there were 11 woodblocks cut for this textbook to represent 22 people. so you can tell i mean, the only thing that would separate them is the addition of a tricorn hat, sometimes. so this is what people had to work with. eventually, the portraitists we discussed, trumbull, gilbert, peal, they realized they had a good thing going with engravings. they could