the action officer for libya is supposed to know libya, and supposed to know libya's history very very well. up the chain of command, you don't have subject you haveperts anymore, broad expertise and how to make policy. and you have people at higher and higher levels of responsibility, so instead of just spanning all of libya, they span all of africa, and then the middlefrica, east, latin america, and russia. and then, there is the under secretary, who has the globe. capacity that is left over for the history of one particular country in one diminishesoffice, quite dramatically easy go up the chain of command. and these are the people, by the way, that are making the policy. so when you are sitting around high levels of the national security council, they have material written by their knowledgeable subject matter experts but they only have so much time to read what is in there. so, they do one of the things that i want to point out, that they use history as a shortcut. trainingers, if not by , are generally political scientists and not historians. often historians are suspicious of ea

ambassador to libya. when we look at models of governance, and let's talk about libya with all the political lack of experience, you have looked at it over a series of different influences and invaders, governors. people who had been in charge. from a historian's perspective, oft has been the period governance? right now, there is competition between what we tried to do as the international community and , or people who are looking at a more authoritarian replacement that -- what didpe to be you see historically? what has worked best for libya? probably the best one, the kingdom. it was a man from an incredibly important family. he represented help. hope.represented he did many things. , and i'm telling you something many people will from 1934 toh me, , in 1944 --n which they did a lot for the country. but i'm not talking about the counterinsurgency operations, the work, the bloodshed. if i have to choose, i would say the kingdom. i don't want to talk about the ottoman rule. it's to 16th century, a little

that is another problem in libya. the conjunction between terrorism and criminal groups, normal criminal groups, some times they act together m some times the lines are different, but the problem is incredible because criminality is growing in the country. because of course there is no security. there is no strong government that can take a big part in this problem. of course given all of the things we have seen until now but also the door for europe. for a new kind of migration, in the past there was another route t atlantic one starting and going to spain through they all go through different parts, different cities of libya. the point is the final target is rur rope. last year we have had something like almost 200,000 migrants in the country coming from libya. so this is another important strategic problem and then there's a problem of energy. and so it needs to have -- to import energy from the east of europe of course but historically from the south. and so gas, oil, whatever, they come from libya. this opens ano

libya needed the assets to sustain it and that's what he said at the u.n. libyan frozen assets we did not call for and freezing it because we know that it's not a time for that we called for unfreezing the management of the frozen assets it's totally different we're losing one billion dollars a year because we're not able to manage it not to unfreeze it we know we're not in a steady state to unfreeze these assets and that's what we called for in the u.n. and the u.n. sanctions committee it's not money that's going to sustain libya business as usual it's a unity of purpose compromise democracy correct things that you don't have and these are the main problems to why you don't have an economy at the moment that's properly funded where do you buy that country that has divided institutions. over and institutions are divided when you call when you talk about two central banks divided it's not the responsibility of the government to unite the central bank it's a sovereign thing that is related to the house of representatives and the state council according to the

target is to reach europe not libya we're just a passage. and we're a country of conflict we're a country we're divided we have limited resources how do you expect us to deal with this flood where even europe is not able to manage it if they're not you're saying that it has you don't have sufficient resources you coast guards around you no that's not true that's not out for a few gee that's not true that's not true well this is from the high commissioner for human rights know last month zaid saying we never he never said that we were shooting he said you have a coast guard that sometimes rescue migrants this is exactly you have a coast guard that sometimes rescues migrants in distress but sometimes chooses not to like the musicians on shore coast guards also sometimes beat rob and even shoot the migrants they intercept this is a direct quote from him. let me tell you the facts are you saying he knows nothing no i didn't see him as the most i said is we don't shoot migrants what we're doing is trying to apply our sovereign rules and regulatio

the action officer for libya is supposed to know libya. is supposed to know libya's history very, very well. not as well as dr. fasanotti, but well. as you grow up the chain of command, you don't have subject matter experts anymore. you have broad expertise in how to make policy. and you have people at higher and higher levels of responsibility so that instead of just spanning libya, they span all of africa. then they span dod where i worked, africa, the middle east, latin america, and europe and russia. and then there's the undersecretary, who has the globe and every functional issue that the department does as well. and so the, you know, brain capacity that is left over for the history of one particular country in one particular offic quite dramatically as you go up the chain of command. and these are the people by the way that are making the policy. so when you are sitting around at high levels of the national security council, they may have all the briefing book in the world written by very knowledgeable subject matter experts but they

that the more you go on doesn't say that about libya history doesn't say that about libya so there's no way i'd rather the arab world does it no i mean there are countries in the arab world that went in a better phased in us because they had institutions to start with tunisia and egypt as an example even though they went through the arab spring but they were managed to stand on their feet and they didn't have an armed conflict tunisia is the last country that has a shred of democracy in the arab world that's what i'm trying to say i'm talking about the amount of conflict and and crisis that we're facing look at the look at the nature of the way these countries were ruled we look at yemen look at iraq you look at syria you look at lieberman email your home and libya how many more years going to here is this going to go on this chaos no violence no other how much how long will i don't think it's going to take long but i'm talking about i mean i think i five to ten years in order us to have a steady state and a stable state to be realistic. something it's good to have your country thank

libya needed the assets to sustain it and that's what he said at the u.n. libyan frozen assets we did not call for and freezing it because we know that it's not a time for that we called for unfreezing the management of the frozen assets it's totally different we're losing one billion dollars a year because we're not able to manage it not to unfreeze it we know we're not in a steady state to unfreeze these assets and that's what we called for in the u.n. and the u.n. sanctions committee it's not money that's going to sustain libya business. it's a unity of purpose compromised democracy correct things that you don't have and these are the main problems true why you don't have an economy at the moment that's properly funded where do you buy that country that has divided institutions. over and institutions are divided when you call when you talk about two central banks divided it's not the responsibility of the government to unite the central bank it's a sovereign thing that is related to the house of representatives and the state council according to the liby

libya meant gaddafi. libya meant terrorism. >> reporter: pan am flight 103 went down in a blazing fireball. >> anthony: libya meant a bad place where a comical megalomaniacal dictator was the absolute power. nobody in libya, however, was laughing. >> reporter: reports of explosions. >> reporter: clashes between rioters and security forces. >> anthony: in 2011, what was previously unthinkable happened. the libyan people rose up and fought for their freedom. >> reporter: heavy battles raging around the libyan capital. >> anthony: they fought like hell. >> reporter: the rebels are about to force gaddafi's complete departure. >> anthony: and they recorded the whole thing on their cell phones. [chanting "libya"] ♪ i took a walk through this beautiful world ♪ ♪ felt the cool rain on my shoulder ♪ ♪ found something good in this beautiful world ♪ ♪ i felt the rain getting colder ♪ ♪ sha, la, la, la, la, la, ♪ sha, la, la, la, la, la, ♪ sha, la, la, la, la, la, ♪ sha, la, la, la, la, ♪ â™

and their in eastern libya. it's not a new issue. it is one that the united states and the libyan government have been struggling with for decades. it's gotten particularly bad but there has been really a meaningful libyan government with control over the whole country. the other interesting one is algeria which did notproduce fighters in this case. only 26 fighters came from algeria. that's an extremely tiny rate given algeria's largepopulation and it's surprising because algeria was one of theforemost producers when you look at the record and the leading of north african fighters in the past. it also has an internal history of jihadism with it is somewhat surprisingthat algeria does not show up. one of the reasons why we suspect that maybe the case although one we can'tdemonstrate because there aren't enough fighters from algeria to get a sense of what the demographics of algerian fighters are is that this is a product of algeria's lack of movement. it experienced fewer protest and the protests were not as ant

libya needed the assets to sustain it and that's what he said at the u.n. at the libyan frozen assets we did not call for and freezing it because we know that it's not a time for that we called for and freezing the management of the frozen assets it's totally different we're losing one billion dollars a year because we're not able to manage it not to unfreeze it we know we're not in a steady state to unfreeze these assets and that's what we called for in the u.n. and the u.n. sanctions committee it's not money that's going to sustain libya business it's uniquely it's a unity of purpose compromise democracy correct things that you don't have and these are the main problems to why you don't have an economy at the moment that's properly funded where do you buy that country that has divided institutions. over and institutions are divided when you call when you talk about two central banks divided it's not the responsibility of the government to unite the central bank it's a sovereign thing that is related to the house of representatives and the state council ac

envoy that's a solemn a saying you're talking about institutions libya has sleeping institutions that need to be woken divided institutions that need to be united and hijacked institutions that need to be rebuilt so you know we're near either waking up these institutions or controlling the more you are correct because we are a divided country and that's why we need to united and says six years this is all six years and no progress no discernible process progress has been made that's absolutely correct the so joint responsibility whether it's from the libyans which i you know it's priority and the international community that left just libya after twenty eleven i mean they were fully engaged in the conflict in twenty eleven and then all of a sudden just left of their hands and think thought things were going to go normal d.z. to blame somebody else and that's why i said it's a joint responsibility but it's a fact the weapons that have been coming in all the time un sanctions committee and the reports are reporting these weapons that are coming in to illegal forces and nobody even stepp

and their in eastern libya. it's not a new issue. it is one that the united states and the libyan government have been struggling with for decades. it's gotten particularly bad but there has been really a meaningful libyan government with control over the whole country. the other interesting one is algeria which did not produce fighters in this case. only 26 fighters came from algeria. that's an extremely tiny rate given algeria's large population and it's surprising because algeria was one of the foremost producers when you look at the record and the leading of north african fighters in the past. it also has an internal history of jihad is him with it is somewhat surprising that algeria does not show up. one of the reasons why we suspect that maybe the case although one we can't demonstrate because there aren't enough fighters from algeria to get a sense of what the demographics of algerian fighters are is that this is a product of algeria's lack of movement. it experienced fewer protest and the protests were n

and their in eastern libya. it's not a new issue. it is one that the united states and the libyan government have been struggling with for decades. it's gotten particularly bad but there has been really a meaningful libyan government with control over the whole country. the other interesting one is algeria which did notproduce fighters in this case. only 26 fighters came from algeria. that's an extremely tiny rate given algeria's large population and it's surprising because algeria was one of the foremost producers when you look at the record and the leading of north african fighters in the past. it also has an internal history of jihadism with it is somewhat surprising that algeria does not show up. one of the reasons why we suspect that maybe the case although one we can'tdemonstrate because there aren't enough fighters from algeria to get a sense of what the demographics of algerian fighters are is that this is a product of algeria's lack of movement. it experienced fewer protest and the protests were not as

to what degree to the total destabilization of libya and libya is now in essence a failed state, have an impact on the growth of extremism and terrorists groups in other parts of africa? >> it has had a huge impact. if you look at the infamous emails of hillary clinton, which are available at the state department's website, you see any mail exchange where state department personnel are talking very frankly about the conversations with sarkozy about his interest in overthrowing qaddafi because he wanted to things. one, he wanted to eliminate the threat of a pan african currency that qaddafi wanted to establish because he was afraid it would devalue the franc, and he also wanted access to qaddafi in libya's oil fields. that is the bottom line for why they went after qaddafi in the way they did. in order to do it, africom stepped and played a major role in recruiting local forces within libya to attack qaddafi. they chose to establish relationships with some of the worst elements in libya. in fact, one of the groups they established a relationship with was one which by its very name set

libya needed the assets to sustain it and that's what he said at the u.n.

and libya has corporator them as a result we see essentially flows across the central mediterranean down to less than twenty percent of what they were in may or of march or april of this year i heard want to european officials say that the migration policies were designed for fair weather conditions and what they encountered the two thousand and fifteen was a perfect storm but i take it from your riding that compared to what's forming currently in africa this massive population explosion. is going to make the events of two thousand and fifteen as challenging as they were look like light spring rain is the worst yet to come. well certainly there are no guarantees about the future this there are probably somewhere between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand people who have amassed in the north of libya. there are only a couple of possible options the one that the european union and italy and the key member states italy germany france etc are trying to implement is give our systems to these people to go back to their countries and be the international organizations that are

and libya has corporator them as a result we see essentially flows across the central mediterranean down to less than twenty percent of what they were in may or of march or april of this year i heard want to european officials say that the migration policies were designed for fair weather conditions and what they encountered the two thousand and fifteen was a perfect storm but i take it from your riding that compared to what's forming currently in africa this massive population explosion. is going to make the events of two thousand and fifteen as challenging as they were look like light spring rain is the worst yet to come. well certainly there are no guarantees about the future this there are probably somewhere between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand people who have amassed in the north of libya. there are only a couple of possible options the one that the european union and italy and the key member states italy germany france etc are trying to implement is give a systems to these people to go back to their countries and be the international organizations that are w

to what degree to the total destabilization of libya and libya is now in essence a failed state, have an impact on the growth of extremism and terrorists groups in other parts of africa? >> it has had a huge impact. if you look at the infamous emails of hillary clinton, which are available at the state department's website, you see any mail exchange where state department personnel are talking very frankly about the conversations with sarkozy about his interest in overthrowing qaddafi because he wanted to things. one, he wanted to eliminate the threat of a pan african currency that qaddafi wanted to establish because he was afraid it would devalue the franc, and he also wanted access to qaddafi in libya's oil fields. that is the bottom line for why they went after qaddafi in the way they did. in order to do it, africom stepped in and played a major role in recruiting local forces within libya to attack qaddafi. they chose to establish relationships with some of the worst elements in libya. in fact, one of the groups they established a relationship with was one which by its very name s

to what degrgree to the total destabilization of libya and libya is now in essence a failed state, have an impact on the growth of extremism and terrorists groups in other parts of africa? >> it has had a huge impact. if you look at the infamous emails of hillary clinton, which are available at the state department's website, you see any mail exchange where state department personnel are talalkg very franklyly about the conversations with sarkozy about his interest in overthrowing qaddafi because he wanted to things. one, he wanted to eliminate the threat of a pan african cururrey that qaddafi wanted to establish becaususe he was afraid it w wod devalue the franc, and he also wanted access to qaddafi in libya's oil fields. that is the bottom line for why they went after qaddafi in the way they did. in order to do it, africom steppepein and played a major role in recruiting local forces within libya to attack qaddafi. they chose to establish relationships with some of the worst elements in libya. in fact, one of the groups they established a relationship with was one which by its s very

and libya has corporator them as a result we see essentially flows across the central mediterranean down to less than twenty percent of what they were in may or of march or april of this year i heard want to european officials say that the migration policies were designed for fair weather conditions and what they encountered the two thousand and fifteen was a perfect storm but i take it from your riding that compared to what's forming currently in africa this massive population explosion. is going to make the events of two thousand and fifteen as challenging as they were look like light spring rain is the worst yet to come. well certainly there are no guarantees about the future this there probably somewhere between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand people who have amassed in the north of libya and there are only a cup. the possible options the one that the european union and italy and the key member states italy germany france etc are trying to implement is give us systems to these people to go back to their countries and the the international organizations that are w

you're watching out is there a much muscle telling about libya's renegade general have to or does an investigation into the discovery of mass graves. i mean reporting on moves to bring apex predators like wolves back to the scottish highlands after an absence of more than three hundred. hello sunday was not a quiet day for germany and austria as the winds screamed dancer it pushing or following this car down now that's cold and it's coming down as a cold front and there be a big change in the weather throughout most of central and eastern europe so overnight it is snow for the talks just to prove the competence of the air then it gets clear temperatures will reveal what's the difference is vienna is next is nine book rest ten ankara eleven is to the twenty's just about in italy and degrees for that won't necessarily last the center of the storm but this time it's more as of east and better. best for london's down to twelve still run about twenty one in madrid you'll notice in this part of europe if anything is going to get away with it and. changed very much but we're still not in vi

military bases and libya itself. and gadhafi had you know considerable political support across the continent for his position nelson mandela's view was almost identical to get us a sense that there would be no african forces commanded by foreign military officials and there would be no foreign militaries occupying any part of africa are operating with that offer. gadhafi had been playing a complex game with the west for a long time president ronald reagan had labeled him the mad dog of the middle east and had tried to assassinate him in one thousand nine hundred eighty six by bombing his palace. the libyan leader is independence and influence flowed from the vast petroleum reserves the largest enough record which he had nationalized when he took power. well starting in the one nine hundred ninety s. moammar gadhafi became a kind of luminary a leading voice certainly one of the loudest voices for a maximum version of african integration he was seen across africa as being the successor of kwame nkrumah in terms of his

and libya has corporator them as a result we see essentially flows across the central mediterranean down to less than twenty percent of what they were in may or of march or april of this year i heard want to european officials. say that the migration policies were designed for fair weather conditions and what they encountered the two thousand and fifteen was a perfect storm but i take it from your riding that compared to what's forming currently in africa this massive population explosion. is going to make the events of two thousand and fifteen as challenging as they were look like light spring rain is the worst yet to come. well certainly there are no guarantees about the future this there are probably somewhere between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand people who have amassed in the north of libya. there are only a couple of possible options the one that the european union and italy and the key member states italy germany france etc are trying to implement is give us systems to these people to go back to their countries and the the international organizations that ar

the italian government france and the european union to know we need to stabilize the situation in libya to prevent a new influx of migrants. trend is migrants from tunisia and coming to italy through sicily and sardinia if one country closes borders and doesn't let them in migrants will go by a different route through a different country the mortars need to be secured the use responsibility it has to maintain a dialogue with the north african leaders and read no it's not doing enough in that respect so isn't italy and the e.u. in effect becoming victims of extortion and racketeering by hundred homes with guns if they're forcing you to pay to help the migrants no no no i don't think so oh no i don't think so despite the deal that the european union made with turkey will to stem migration cost it six billion euros really those who are wondering what is going on in libya though should know that the european union made a six billion euro deal early going to turkey to block the flow of migrants now since they decided pain turkey was the right thing to do i would say it will be equally sensib

the italian government france and the european union to know we need to stabilize the situation in libya to prevent a new influx of migrants. trend this migrants from tunisia and coming to italy through sicily and sardinia if one country closes borders and doesn't let them in migrants will go by a different route through a different country the borders need to be secure that's the use responsibility it has to maintain a dialogue with the north african leaders and read no it's not doing enough in that respect so isn't italy and the e.u. in effect becoming victims of extortion and racketeering by hundred homes with guns if they're forcing you to pay to help the migrant flow no no no i don't think so oh no i don't think so despite the deal that the european union made with turkey i'm able to stem migration cost at six billion euros really those who are wondering what is going on in libya though should know that the european union made a six billion euro deal early going to turkey to block the flow of migrants now since they decided that it pain turkey was the right thing to do i would say i

up to the italian government france and the european union to know we need to stop the situation in libya to prevent a new influx of migrants. tremendous migrants from tunisia and are coming to italy through sicily and sardinia if one country closes borders and doesn't let them in migrants will go by a different route through a different country the borders need to be secure to use responsibility it has to maintain a dialogue with the north african leaders and read no it's not doing enough in that respect so isn't italy and the e.u. in effect becoming victims of extortion and racketeering by huddling with guns if they're forcing you to pay to stop the migrant flow no no no i don't think so oh no i don't think so despite the deal that the european union made with turkey you will to stem migration cost at six billion euros really those who are wondering what is going on in libya though should know that the european union made a six billion euro deal early going to turkey to block the flow of migrants now since they decided that it pain turkey was the right thing to do i would say it will be

and libya has corporator them as a result we see essentially flows across the central mediterranean down to less than twenty percent of where they were in may or of march or april of this year i heard want to european officials say that the migration policies were designed for fair weather conditions and what they encountered the two thousand and fifteen was a perfect storm but i take it from your riding that compared to what's forming currently in africa this massive population explosion. is going to make the events of two thousand and fifteen as challenging as they were look like light spring rain is the worst yet to come. well certainly there are no guarantees about the future this they're probably somewhere between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand people who have amassed in the north of libya. there are only a couple of possible options the one that the european union and italy and the key member states italy germany france etc are trying to implement is give our systems to these people to go back to their countries and the the international organizations. what ar

foreign secretary boris johnson says he sees libya as a potential tourist hot spot but his choice of words haven't gone down well i'll tell you why after the short break. in case you're new to the game this is how it works now the economy is built around . corporations run washington washington controls the media the media the voters elected a businessman to run this country business equals. boom bust it's not business as usual it's business like it's never been done before. anyone else shows seem wrong why don't we all just don't all. get to shape our. outlook. and in detroit equals betrayal. when so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. welcome back u.s. authorities have released body camera video of police responding to the deadly las vegas shooting which took the lives of fifty nine people and injured over five hundred shots can be heard as officers try to locate the gunman and clear people out of the firing line. yeah there there don't judge them for that. they are forever scarred over thirty and they don't. play this like this like this with the

those who are wondering what is going on in libya though should know that the european union made a six billion euro deal early going to turkey to block the flow of migrants now since they decided that it pain turkey was the right thing to do i would say it will be equally sensible to invest this kind of money in libya if that's where it really goes so writers recently reported that a former mafia boss is leading a group stopping migrants on the ground in libya quite successfully actually leading to a massive drop in arrivals this is a relief for the politicians but i mean is it worth empowering organized crime. i know won't we're talking about large scale migration here over three and a half years it's only admitted about seven hundred thousand people that clearly benefits the mafia because migrants are a spare workforce for organized crime forty percent of detainees in italian jails are non e.u. citizens so well one thing is for sure the more illegal migrants we have the more organized crime benefits from it there is no doubt about it the same as about the fact that the migrants have

military bases and libya itself. and gadhafi had you know considerable political support across the continent for his position nelson mandela's view was almost identical to get us that there would be no african forces commanded by foreign military officials and there would be no foreign militaries occupying any part of africa are operating with that offer. gadhafi had been playing a complex game with the west for a long time president ronald reagan had labeled him the mad dog of the middle east and had tried to assassinate him in one thousand nine hundred eighty six by bombing his palace. the libyan leader is independence and influence flowed from the vast petroleum reserves the largest enough record which he had nationalized when he took power. well starting in the one nine hundred ninety s. moammar gadhafi became a kind of luminary a leading voice certainly one of the loudest voices for a maximum version of african integration he was seen across africa as being the successor of kwame nkrumah in terms of his vision

military bases and libya itself. and gadhafi had you know considerable political support across the continent for his position nelson mandela's view was almost identical to get us a sense that there would be no african forces commanded by foreign military officials and there would be no foreign militaries occupying any part of africa are operating with that offer. gadhafi had been playing a complex game with the west for a long time president ronald reagan had labeled him the mad dog of the middle east and had tried to assassinate him in one thousand nine hundred eighty six by bombing his palace. the libyan leader is independence and influence flowed from the vast petroleum reserves the largest enough account which he had nationalized when he took power. well starting in the one nine hundred ninety s. moammar gadhafi became a kind of luminary a leading voice certainly one of the loudest voices for a maximum version of african integration he was seen across as being the successor of kwame nkrumah in terms of his visio

to their countries and be the international organizations that are working on the ground in northern libya saying that this is the most frequently asked service that migrants. you know are asking for so a lot of people who have spent a lot of time on the road have decided that they're not likely to make it across the central mediterranean and they'd rather be given a bonus gift whatever you want to call it a thousand or fifteen hundred euro to go back home some others may purse of year and the biggest problem that we now have been in in the libyan shores is that the conditions under which this migrants live are completely degraded and there's an awful lot of human trafficking an awful lot of abuse of people etc etc i think it's long been accepted by experts that this mock mass migration from africa was going to be a major challenge for you. arab it was predicted long before the arab spring it was avid and from the demographic and economic trends and yet somehow that knowledge was never incorporated into western decisionmaking during the vans in libya back in two thousand and eleven and the

does any good guys any of the people of libya. ok let's talk more about this with laura smith she's at westminster for so low or high there on boris getting quite angry there wasn't he in the commons but he's not saying stories. he's not saying sorry i say it's interesting as they say politics has a short memory but boris as you say is once again being called upon to apologize for these comments that he made two weeks ago now and he's once again not apologizing for them he is in fact accusing his questioners of trivializing point scoring as far as the situation in libya goes it's two weeks since he said this could be the new dubai on one important condition that his comment. because. it's no use to be used. to do. you. believe you. so that was on the fringes of the tory party conference two weeks ago but the the effects of those comments are still rebounding on johnson today when he asked when he was asked how he thought his comments affected the people of libya he said he was just trying to bring people together and of course the

contributed over a billion pounds to the bombing campaign in libya and it's the problem that's been a good knowledge with by most of the leaders involved in that intervention is that there was no planning for what happened afterwards so libya has undergone years of continued violence political chaos as rival factions fight against each other in the country perhaps the only consolation for those trying to mitigate the effects of this latest boris gaffe is that it isn't likely to cause a huge diplomatic scandal simply because libya is in too much of a mess politically to respond to this there are two rival governments vying for power. they have currently got bigger fish to fry than boris johnson's comments but he has become known for these types of comments over the weekend there was a british broadcast of him reciting a rajon kipling poem the road to mandalay while in a sacred british temple in my in my take a lesson. we're. going to. walk through. you can see that boris getting a telling off from someone who is meant to be his junior. of course that poem harks back to colonial times w

military bases and libya itself. and gadhafi had you know considerable political support across the continent for his position nelson mandela's view was almost identical to get us that there would be no african forces commanded by foreign military officials and there would be no foreign militaries occupying any part of africa are operating with that offer. gadhafi had been playing a complex game with the west for a long time president ronald reagan had labeled him the mad dog of the middle east and had tried to assassinate him in one thousand nine hundred eighty six by bombing his palace. the libyan leader is independence and influence flowed from the vast petroleum reserves the largest enough account which he had nationalized when he took power. well starting in the in one thousand nine hundred ninety s. moammar gadhafi became a kind of luminary a leading voice certainly one of the loudest voices for a maximum version of african integration he was seen across africa as being the successor of kwame nkrumah in terms o

and western companies seeking to enter libya's booming market and for other u.s. companies considering major investment projects here. gadhafi also antagonize france after being courted by president nicolas sarkozy the libyan leader canceled major arms dealers. and reacted. to me said. the short. cut of. the even shopping list of seven more. you know you to. those bad boys there in the community. in march two thousand and eleven as yob spring spread through north africa france and the united states decided to. the united nations security council gave its approval protecting human rights provided the justification. for syrian. we had gadhafi his troops in neighboring. allowing the opposition to drive them out . we hit it off these air defenses this was afrikaans first war and its commander in chief was the first african-american president in the words of the obama administration the u.s. position in the war against libya was that of leading from behind what is really interesting is of course the fact that the war was opened and directed first by africa. and then th

accord to train and equip libya's coast guard. but with libya divided and in case it is expected to remain the most popular transit truth for migrants to reach europe from north africa. tripoli just want to show you something that's happening right now france and egypt increased economic and military ties in recent years particularly over libya and egypt president fattah el-sisi is in paris at the moment meeting with france's president emanuel. the two leaders following their talks are now briefing the press let's just listen in for a moment before we speak to our correspondent in paris bring it forward on the egyptian territory we have. talked about the situation in libya and syria and. to the partners who are close together in order to fight against those who are active in the framework of. terrorist actions in the region. and we want to act together. on these different areas of crisis in our diplomatic relations. in order to bring forward regional stability and to eradicate the terrorist movement. our engagement against terrori

you look at the policy lead there's no reflection about the tragedy that never needed to happen in libya and then you have any of the northern part of an entire continent because of this malfeasance and now with negligence on the part of the obama administration spearheaded by hillary clinton what happened in in libya and you have this terrorism that is a cancer growing we didn't have that before this ridiculous libyan expedition go ahead michael peter i think i think the professor is exactly correct. i think that that what we have is is and i'm going to introduce a new term for you here and it's a term that's been working in the pentagon for quite some time and it's called the gray zone conflict and this is a movement away from set piece armies in the field to more armies that develop and disappear and don't have a political goal immediately attached to a space on earth like the end v.a. or the viet con want control of vietnam these guys have larger ambitions and ideological ambitions and so we have we're developing ways to combat these forces around the world sadly the tools we have to

you look at the policy elite there's no reflection about the tragedy that never needed to happen in libya and then you have any of the northern part of an entire continent because of this malfeasance and now with negligence on the part of the obama administration spearheaded by hillary clinton what happened in in libya and you have this terrorism that is a cancer growing we didn't have that before this ridiculous libyan expedition go ahead michael peter i think i think the professor is exactly correct. i think that that what we have is is and i'm going to introduce a new term for you here and it's a term that's been working in the pentagon for quite some time and it's called gray zone conflict and this is a movement away from set piece armies in the field to more armies that develop and disappear and don't have a political goal immediately attached to a space on earth like the end v.a. or the viet con want control of vietnam these guys have larger ambitions and ideological ambitions and so we have we're developing ways to combat these forces around the world sadly the tools we have to do

five years after the siege of the city thanks al jazeera world travels to libya. to hear the stories of those who fought in the battle of misrata. al jazeera world at this time. via. zero. hello i'm maryam namazie this is the news hour live from london coming up a suit barzani steps down as the kurds president in iraq and says no one stood up to support their right to self-determination. marching for unity hundreds of thousands stage a rally in barcelona to protest against catalonia declaring independence. look at the child people smugglers used by mexican gangs to get on documented migrants into the u.s. also coming up a bit later in the program is hoping we'd wind the new growth industry in lebanon. and i'm far as small have all the day's sport including first ladies driver lewis hamilton has won his fourth formula one world title. top story this hour iraq's kurdish leader massoud barzani is to step down as president parliament has approved his request for his term to end by november the first on the parliament voted to distribute his powers between itself the g

to them mentioning libya. for a second refugees and migrants taking advantage of instability in libya to attempt . to europe. from the capital tripoli. twenty year old testimony is waiting for voluntary deportation to head home. she's among three hundred living young judean women in this detention center in tripoli. they were arrested on a dangerous journey in the desert when the in the coastal city of. the paid people smugglers to reach italy but failed. because they lost. the nose. for me. around one hundred migrants from african and arab countries were recently risk by security forces and brought here they say people smugglers abused them and extorted money. have been detained here for more than a month they don't hunger strike demanding them broken government issues travel documents so they can return home. they put us into birds in the ocean for around two hours we were humiliated and the birds were so bad the water leaked inside we tried to get the water out so that it wouldn't capsize had it not been fo

you look at the policy elite there's no reflection about the tragedy that never needed to happen in libya and then you have any of the northern part of an entire continent because of this malfeasance and now with negligence on the part of the obama administration spearheaded by hillary clinton what happened in in libya and you have this terrorism that is a cancer growing we didn't have that before this ridiculous libyan expedition go ahead michael peter i think i think the professor is exactly correct. i think that that what we have is is and i'm going to introduce a new term for you here and it's a term that's been working in the pentagon for quite some time and it's called the gray zone conflict and this is a movement away from set piece armies in the field to more armies that develop and disappear and don't have a political goal immediately attached to a space on earth like the the end v.a. or the viet cong want control of vietnam these guys have larger ambitions and ideological ambitions and so we have we're developing ways to combat these forces around the world sadly the tools we ha

you look at the policy elite there's no reflection about the tragedy that never needed to happen in libya and then you have any of the northern part of an entire continent because of this malfeasance and now with negligence on the part of the obama administration spearheaded by hillary clinton what happened in in libya and you have this terrorism that is a cancer growing we didn't have that before this ridiculous libyan expedition go ahead michael peter i think i think the professor is exactly correct. i think that that what we have is is and i'm going to introduce a new term for you here and it's a term that's been working in the pentagon for quite some time and it's called the gray zone conflict and this is a movement away from set piece armies in the field to more armies that develop and disappear and don't have a political goal immediately attached to a space on earth like the end v.a. or the viet con want control of vietnam these guys have larger ambitions and ideological ambitions and so we have we're developing ways to combat these forces around the world sadly the tools we have to

i went to libya in may and june the u.n. that asked me to do an assessment of the situation there i was struck by the fact that. the libyans are pulled apart also by external actors and so it's very important for the u.n. to empower the libyans to listen a lot to the libyans so that the external dimension doesn't doesn't dominate the discussion and then the u.n. once it builds its trust and the relationship with the libyans then can influence the international actors because it it has a better understanding of the conflict and it it has a chance of convincing them to work together rather than work at cross purposes so it does seem like the u.n. peacekeeping mission is more about selling call flakes rather than preventing them why isn't the u.n. focusing more on prevention. well the secretary general as made clear that he he wants to focus on on prevention i think there are number of situations in the world where you see problems simmering and the question often is not so much that you are surprised you know you you can draw

contributed over a billion pounds to the bombing campaign in libya and it's the problem that's been a good knowledged with by most of the leaders involved in that intervention is that there was no planning for what happened off to wood so libya has undergone years of continued violence political chaos as rival factions fight against each other in the country perhaps the only consolation for those trying to mitigate the effects of this latest burra skaf is that it isn't likely to cause a huge diplomatic scandal simply because libya is in too much of a mess politically to respond to this there are two rival governments vying for power they have currently got bigger fish to fry than boris johnson's comments. boris johnson is of course known for his famously cutting remarks he previously wrote a limerick about the turkish president having sex with a goat it's all the chinese that you came into the national sport of people you also resize a kipling poem about colonialism in the now independent state where a political activist george bought a think shaun's and latest comment shows contempt

i went to libya in may and june the u.n. that asked me to do an assessment of the situation there i was struck by the fact that. the libyans are pulled apart also by external actors and so it's very important for the u.n. to empower the libyans to listen a lot to the libyans so that the external dimension doesn't doesn't dominate the discussion and then the u.n. once it it builds its trust the relationship with the libyans then can influence the international actors because it it has a better understanding of the conflict and it it has a chance of convincing them to work together rather than work at cross purposes so it does seem like the u.n. peacekeeping mission is more about selling call flakes rather than preventing them why isn't the u.n. focusing more on prevention. well the secretary general as made clear that he he wants to focus on on prevention i think there are number of situations in the world where you see problems simmering and the question often is not so much that you are surprised you know you you can draw u

i went to libya in may and june the u.n. had asked me to do an assessment of the situation there i was struck by the fact that. the libyans are pulled apart also by external actors and so it's very important for the u.n. to empower the libyans to listen a lot to the libyans so that the external dimension doesn't doesn't dominate the discussion and then the u.n. once it builds its trust the relationship with the libyans then can influence the international actors because it it has a better understanding of the conflict and it it has a chance of convincing them to work together rather than work at cross purposes so it does seem like the u.n. peacekeeping mission is more about settling call flakes rather than preventing them why isn't the u.n. focusing more on prevention. well the secretary general as made clear that he he wants to focus on on prevention i think there are number of situations in the world where you see problems simmering and the question often is not so much that you are surprised you know you you can draw up a

i went to libya in may and june the u.n. that asked me to do an assessment of the situation there i was struck by the fact that. the libyans are pulled apart also by external actors and so it's very important for the u.n. to empower the libyans to listen a lot to the libyans so that the external dimension doesn't doesn't dominate the discussion and then the u.n. once it builds its trust the relationship with the libyans then can influence the international actors because it it has a better understanding of the conflict and it it has a chance of convincing them to work together rather than work at cross purposes so it does seem like the u.n. peacekeeping mission is more about selling call flakes rather than preventing them why isn't the u.n. focusing more on prevention. well the secretary made clear that he he wants to focus on on prevention i think there are number of situations in the world where you see problems simmering and the question often is not so much that you are surprised you know you you can draw up a list of pl

you and backed government of national accord to train and equip libya's coast guard. but with libya divided and in case it is expected to remain the most popular transit truth for migrants to reach europe from north africa. and jazeera tripoli. kenyans go to the polls on thursday for a second time this year after the supreme court and now the oldest election victory of president to her kenyatta but there are fears of a floor vote on the consequences that could have on the country catherine sawyer reports. kenya is on sale or at least on a stage at a theater in the capital nairobi this is a rehearsal of a satirical play showcasing the country's political uncertainty for the repeat presidential election and what's at stake. this year. the most sought after values peace democracy are respected regional economy things the director says are being put at risk in a double down to. the lessons. the plea comes out of him. now and has to be affected by. out in the real world many people are equally concerned about what's going to happen after the election most kenyans even thos