there is the europe of solidarity. -- europe is not just a place on the map. i wish you the best for our work. there is still a great deal to be done. [applause] >> on behalf of the european chancellor,s -- it's a privilege for us to have you. decisive influence on what's been going on in europe. you have a remarkable personality. you arey because ou exceptional, i would like to take the liberty of sharing with you some of my concerns. you are a very powerful person. you make the basic decisions in europe. you pick people for top positions in the e.u. you want to do something your government does not like in the european parliament, there are innumerable obstacles popping up. it turns out to be difficult to do anything. afford tonment can ignore it if something is done. this power spills over. when i talk to my german colleagues, i usually hear them sermonizing. pontificating from the position of heavyweight moral champions, which they consider themselves to be. in real terms, your political family is playing second fiddle in european politics. the feeling tha

this doesn't mean europe has to be everywhere. not every problem in europe is a european problem. solidarity means that europe deals with things the where it is necessary and when it does so, it does it in a decisive effective manner. i think europe gives us our best chance to lasting peace, lasting well-being. and a safe and secure future. in paris, the invitation of the front chip presidency, when we think the first world war came to 100 years ago. once again, we should think through what happens if countries have a respect for each other. what happens if countries and the association, in those days. collapses. therefore, we should not give up our european opportunity. if we do, we will adversely affect, the younger generation. nationalism and -- should no longer have a provision in europe. tolerance and solidarity represent our common future. alex, it is well worth fighting for. thank you. [applause] [silence] >> later this afternoon, a look at the impact of religious voters have on the 2018 midterm elections. begins live from georgetown university at 6:30 p.m. eastern on c-spa

is not going to disappear from europe. rather europe can only be a strong global player if it has a constructive relationship with the u.k. construct he was for two goals papunya who won that fight back when germany was politically more peripheral it tried to convince the benelux countries of its interests so that they would push them on the agenda of that strategy worked back then is that the right concept for the future or is germany allowed to be self-confident in expressing its wishes and setting its agenda as the time that i get into setting and the often ignored or germany is not only allowed to be confident it has to be confident. but you can be confident without being inconsiderate towards this notion that germany must always be subtle and can't just be forthright in its demands no one in europe still thinks that the use of force or the globe to sounds. about as good but it leads to trouble take the two recent examples when germany su in political leadership with the new europe the eurozone crisis and the refugee c

i think europe ... and what happens if countries and the associations, the league of nations in those days collapse? [inaudible] and therefore we should not give up our european opportunity,because if we do , we shall see the effect not just on ourselves but the younger generation. nationalism should no longer have aposition in europe . but tolerance and solidarity represent our common future and colleagues, it is well worth fighting for and thank you. [applause] >>. [speaking native tongue ] >> i would like to call on jean-claude for the president's declaration . >>. [speaking in native tongue ] [applause] >> president chancellor angela, i am convinced of everything that you have said here is correct. i'm very impressed all the comments made. i just am surprised that some people are not here to listen to what you have to say. standing ovation forthe chancellor . >> thanks to having discovered the solidarity as equal nationsin europe . [applause] >> president, there are alot more commissioners here and

europe is is. more than the european union all it is shaped by their own you but also by the great diversity if it goes beyond it the other way now let's get on and history is. this legal in we look out without saying our own reflection clearly about but this shows as backgrounds which help us to better understand our presence else had mr hooda thanks for speaking with us thank you. carefully. simply it's going to be a good. discover . the i. subscribe. documentary to. sometimes books are more exciting than real life. raring to. go. once there's no escape. list. current must rates. climate change. isn't it time for good. to go at africa people and project.

it is a cornerstone of europe. it supports economic development and helps us combat youth unemployment we are faced either with terrorist attacks or other attacks on our values. we have the european crisis, the so-called umbrella which was to cover us and help us and help to solve our financial problems. we have a few examples which demonstrate ow individual countries of the european union and citizens of the european union are in difficulties but they do not stand alone. so we have a few examples of this. but on the other side of the coin, we have national issues which always have an impact on the community as a whole. therefore secondly solidarity is always linked to commitment of the community and the principles based on the rule of law in my country, the rights of the opposition and civil society are adversely affected if press freedom is curtailed but state based on the rule of law and the rule of law in general is not just national but for all of us throughout europe. for europe, of course, can only operate p

is not going to disappear from europe. rather europe can only be a strong global player if it has a constructive relationship with the u.k. construct he was for this to cause put up in that type and back when germany was politically more peripheral that it tried to convince the benelux countries of its interests so that they would push them on the agenda of that strategy worked back then is that the right concept for the future or is germany allowed to be self-confident in expressing its wishes and setting its agenda as the time that i get into setting dacha and the half north towards germany is not only allowed to be confident it has to be confident. but you can be confident without being inconsiderate towards this notion that germany must always be subtle and can't just be forthright in its demands no one in europe still thinks that the use of force or the globe to or. about us good it leads to trouble take the two recent examples when germany su and political leadership within europe and the eurozone crisis and the refu

is not going to disappear from europe. rather europe can only be a strong global player if it has a constructive relationship with the u.k. construct he was for her to cause put up in that type and back when germany was politically more peripheral that it tried to convince the benelux countries of its interests so that they would push them on the agenda of that strategy worked back then is that the right concept for the future or is germany allowed to be self-confident in expressing its wishes and setting its agenda as the time that i get into setting and the germany is not only allowed to be confident it has to be confident. but you can be confident without being inconsiderate towards this notion that germany must always be subtle and can't just be forthright in its demands no one in europe still thinks that the use of force or the globe to anybody in the whole part about death that it leads to trouble take the two recent examples when germany as you know in political leadership within europe and the eurozone crisis and t

you mentioned europe. it's a tragic mistake to introduce in europe, i wrote books about it. there's no time to develop those points. but this is the reality in our part of the world. you mentioned the rate of unemployment growing. i must say that the czech republic has the lowest unemployment rate in europe these days. crazy. [applause] our almost crazy rate of unemployment is 2.6%, which is economically, for an economist, an unfound, unsung figure creating pressures in the labor market. there are differences among countries. poland is definitely very efficiently and cleverly using all of the european subsidies. [laughter] it helped very much for them. for me, our ideas to not only privatize and deregulate, to be desubsidize the economy. and we did it. we eliminated all kinds of subsidies and to our great regret, subsidies are coming back through the european union.

government has to make sure that europe is safe. an unsafe europe is trouble for the united states. europe is our neighbor, we have seen this through history. in 1995 in bosnia, the united states had to step in. we have seen it obviously in the second world war. we cannot out run the risk. the alliance between the united states and poland is very good. the alliance between the united states and the rest of europe is not that good. i am a polish politician but the american -- but a u.s. citizen. i think that the u.s. government has to make sure that europe is safe. an unsafe europe is trouble for the united states. europe is our neighbor, we have seen this through history. in 1995 in bosnia, the united states had to step in. we have seen it obviously in the second world war. we cannot out run the risk. the alliance between the united states and poland is very good. the alliance between the united states and the rest of europe is not that good. the relationship between poland and the rest of europe is not that good. i think we need another ronald reagan. we need another john paul ii.

this had a huge impact in europe. the impact was inevitable because what the united states had done in entering the war was completely shift the balance of forces in europe to from what had been at most a stale mat though she stalemate and possibly favoring germany, to a situation where germany was completely overwhelmed by american economic and ultimately demographic power, added to that of france and britain. so, the american role in the war completely changed the balance but when america then decided it was not going to participate anymore, the balance it had -- that had been created was then removed. the americans were pulled out of the equation, now you had once again an unstable balance on the continent and a treaty that reflected one balance, now had to be carried out in a different balance. the withdrawal of the united states essentially -- we can talk about all of the economic and military aspects of that, but the bottom line was, the versailles treaty which was so discredited by historians was never meant to

wants for europe it lines was part of that if you ones for europe but we also heard here in helsinki today some speakers who in rather fiery terms said we need to stand up and fight for european values we need to stand up and fight for a liberal democracy that was for instance the president of the european council the poll done to screw spoke here so yes the e.p.a. is divided on that and if you look at says way he's going to push the direction of the party more towards the right because frankly who currently holds the office of the e.u. commission is sort of on the left side the very liberal side of the christian conservatives and never is going to change that so it debate about identity and he talked about this too when he spoke here at the congress about churches that we see it every european village and that we need to protect and people feeling at home that is definitely a different outlook on what the future is supposed to look like now right now tell us a little bit more about mr weber's who is he and how did he manage to get this top job. because he is such a clever pull of st

europe is. more than the european union all it is shaped by the only view but also by the great diversity and it goes beyond it the other way now let's get on and history is. there's spiegel we look out without saying our own reflection clearly but it shows as backgrounds which help us to better understand our present selves have it mr herder thanks for speaking with us thank you. to. the people of the world over information. opinions they want to express g.w. on facebook and twitter up to date and in touch follow us wouldn't be fighting for the case to be taken seriously in the world of war here's what's coming up. on this talk. show they do use the female superhero on a mission to chapters smart women smart lawyers smart station. isn't by no means missed out on the brink recently dangerous time the tough job makes more money. i'm not going to think that well i guess sometimes i am but most of the thing which is that. i think stephen for german culture of looking at the stereotype the question

it was different in the central and eastern europe. in the last stages of communism, ronald reagan, margaret thatcher, and john paul ii regarded -- were regarded as heroes in our part of the world. attentionot pay much .o european politicians they were no inspiration to us and we did not expect much from them. they were not advocating the good of western values and did not stand firmly and explicitly against communism. regret that the west did not use the fall of communism to make decisive steps forward. proved to communism be a crucial moment in a positive direction only for us or mostly for us in the former eastern bloc. operation,es of irrationality, we were forced to go through. we enjoyed freedom and the democracy and used it to fundamentally change our societies. felt refreshing relief when communism disappeared. together with --, we came to believe we were--to approach the end of ideology, the end of conflict of vision. theas naively supposed western liberal system will prevail over the world and will last forever, which proved

europe. political scientists and academics discuss the rise of populism in hungary and poland, the motives behind russian interference in the 2016 election and the future of western liberalism. the national endowment for democracy is the host of this event. >> good afternoon, everyone. i'm the founding co-editor of the "journal of democracy" and co-chair of the research council of the national endowment for democracy international forum for democratic study. i'm very pleased to welcome all of you to thavis afternoon's discussion. both our offices here and in washington, and those of you who are viewing us on c-span. the international forum for democratic studies, in addition to publishing the "journal of democracy" and hosting the reagan fellowship program, conducts research and organizes conferences and meetings on a wide variety of subjects related to democracy. its recent focus has been on the impact of authoritarian influence within democracy on transnational democracies and protecting th

think of what europe actually stands for. and this is something i think we can say this was some sort of a legacy under michael tried to give to us to point out what is important of europe one of the most important points of europe and then i actually thought ok this is more like a speech this is going to stick to the common point of view they're all heard of several times and then she turns into the points why is this so important to to be have a common idea of europe and then she came to the european army and this is something we haven't heard before from o.b.o. the european army first was mentioned by him on my my call and the only thing i. heard so far was well. become a joint intervention force would be a good idea and that was more or less it and now that she's saying i have the vision the european army a true european army would be a good idea this is something where we need to be heading to this is something really new and probably she has lost in some way. let's say though the bandages of being. in office now that sh

the great empires of europe were falling apart. the wars that have killed millions prompted new demands for independence. in april nine hundred sixteen irish republicans in dublin launched an insurrection against british rule. but the uprising was poorly organized and was put down quickly by britain. troops once again the union jack flew over the irish capital. the australian carrion empire a truly multinational state had ceased to exist by early november nine hundred eighteen. the empire is larger ethnic minorities including czechs slovaks croats and slovenes demanded independence and hopes that america would help them achieve it. u.s. president woodrow wilson sought to create a jury of peace as part of this effort wilson announced that from now on the peoples of europe should be governed only by their own consent he described self-determination as an imperative principle of action. empires collapse i i people rose up in revolt i. x monarchs fled the last austrian emperor charles the first step down from the hapsburg throne he and

, eastern europe, are there any ideas among these politicians? i don't see anyone with strong views, strong ideas, and if they are ideas than they are ideas which are totally unacceptable. i am absolutely convinced that ideas matter more than anything in this respect i am an idealist definitely but i am afraid there are no great ideas among the current politicians. that is my pessimism and therefore i don't see some hopeful tomorrow or day after tomorrow, who will do it? who will be that realistic? >> let me say i want to come back and break that down into several areas. >> let my put my american hat on for a minute. i am a polish politician but the i am a u.s. citizen. perhaps -- i think that the u.s. government, the united states, has to make sure that europe is safe. in unsafe year of his travel to the u.s. because europe is unable to cope on its own. we have seen this through history. we saw it in 1995 in bosnia. the u.s. had to step in. we have seen it in the second world war. i think we cannot run the risk, the alliance that is the u.s. and

lead the flying i admired the very generous and compassionate approaches that were taken europe must send a very clear message we're not going to be able to continue provide refuge and support if hillary clinton is correct and immigration is the root of the popularity of the populists and i have a look it's where those refugees and migrants have come from and why they came to the european union well the top three nations of origin for asylum to the e.u. since twenty fourteen syria iraq and afghanistan all of those countries that have been bombed or in some way to stabilize by the united states and their allies in nato. currently one of the main routes into europe for refugees and migrants is the dangerous mediterranean sea crossing from libya a nation that was plunged into chaos following the nato intervention that took place on mrs clinton's watch we came we saw that he died. apparently politicians couldn't have forseen that people would start fleeing in their thousands since they were bringing democracy and a new promise for the future we are standing with the people of libya. let

as a solution to all the ills that europe is facing and i'm not sure how many countries around europe how many people around europe have a real stomach for more europe his old us city and his leap of faith it's remarkable absolutely it was sent me a very optimistic message there from the french president let's go to kate and kate i want to ask you and about the significance of the day off remember and. take us through some of the highlights. well of course this is a very important day for germany every year but unfortunately we've heard a lot actually here across media today there is as is a case in many other european countries less. in less interest among citizens and local events every year the numbers of people attending these events has been dwindling but at least here in berlin there has been there was a visit earlier today and wreaths were laid there by chancellor angela merkel and emanuel mcconnell and as we saw just now the french president then gave a very optimistic speech reflecting on the past and his previous words in your at a moving forward and how europe can become st

europe is. more than the european union all it is shaped by the over you but also by the great diversity if it goes beyond it the other way now let's get on and history is. there's spiegel in the euro we look out without saying our own reflection clearly but it shows as backgrounds which help us to better understand our presence else that mr herder thanks for speaking with us thank you. own. foot the two books of technology. the result of the market. the momentum of the board. made in germany your business magazine t w. good job it. surely is from africa and the world your link to exceptional stories and discussions from the use of these events and why i would say the deputy comes much coffee cup joining us on facebook at g.w. for god. i'm not laughing cabbage i'm well i guess sometimes i am but i stand up and women that have been think sneak into the german culture of looking at the stereotypes aquatics put in here think it's a piece of the country that i don't blame. me and it's a mistake for

and it's not just about europe because one thing that you should know is nevertheless, europe skepticism and criticism of european union is at the core, you should know that the two most pro-european public opinions in the european union for the last year have been poland and hungary. so this is not going to be the economy, stupid, this time. at least in the case of poland, it's not the economy, stupid. the other stories, and this was popular, i do believe, here with some people interpreting president trump and people with, for example, peace this poland they're going to say it was accident. it was said that it happened that the beautiful girl end up in bed with a was standard. the problem is -- bastard. the problem is the girl is on the way to marry the guy. so from this point, if you're simply to claim this was an accident and as a result of it you should not try to make a much more deeper and profound analysis, in my view sounds encouraging but is misleading. and then, of course, you have the history. and people basically are going to say europe is back where it was. way back to the 1

nations need to cap immigration if they're to halt the rise of the populists i think europe needs to get a handle on migration because that is what lead the flying i admired the very generous and compassionate approaches that were taken europe must send a very clear message we're not going to be able to continue provide refuge and support if hillary clinton is correct and immigration is the root of the popularity of the populists and i have a look it's where those refugees and migrants have come from and why they came to the european union well the top three nations of origin for asylum applicants to the e.u. since twenty fourteen syria iraq and afghanistan all of those countries that have been bombed or in some way to stabilize by the united states and their allies in nato. currently one of the main routes into europe for refugees and migrants is the dangerous mediterranean sea crossing from libya a nation that was plunged into chaos following the nato intervention that took place on mrs clinton's watch we came we saw he died. apparently politicians couldn't have forseen that people

occupies europe it's not defending europe and it's this is all a fraud and trump wants more money from the europeans to be occupied by the u.s. i hope they don't give it to us ok i'm going to jump in here gentlemen we're going to go to a short break and after that short break we'll continue our discussion on nationalism state with our. guests. are the roots of those two syllables. i don't force on this if they're. broken there's a lot of business with the most intuitive of the. this is. not a slow slow slow slow slow motion i am. ok see that because the way that nobody else to look at the model you punish to produce to move the show switches to food so. you do what you must. do for. the reserve bank enables a cup doxie yes this is at the center of america's descent into financial armageddon yes can you blame the fed for such things as the infrastructure collapse across america the ecological collapse that's having going to california wildfires and hurricanes across the nation and busted pipes in detroit leading to our state poisoning unless yes yes you can because they give money to th

one with very high hopes that russia would become part of a larger euro atlantic european community europe whole and free from vancouver to vladivostok yet twenty five years later after the war in ukraine started we're again divided in europe and the relationship is very hostile of suspicious. neither side no one wanted this and the book is an attempt to answer how this happened now correct me if i'm wrong but the main argument of this book is that's what happened in ukraine in two thousand and fourteen and what transpired since was essentially the result of russia not having a meaningful place within the european security institutions i wonder if it's a bit larger not just russia's place within the security institutions but generally russia's place in the world and the disagreements that both sides had with regards to that question of what place should russia take in the world when i think i focused on europe and there may be issues and complaints having to do with other regions the world but europe i think has been and the near abroad vision is that a visual has been most important to ru

one is central and eastern europe. this was imitation is transformation, european society tried to be like the last. west/ t. it was a genuinely transformative change which was not simply basically you are boring these institutions but you want to be part of it and so from this point of view many of the problems that you see in central and eastern europe are not known to the people who disclose immigration, and they very much hit with the idea of the second-generation being the angry muslims for example from these countries in which you are integrated to a certain level suddenly you go back and you have to the feeling that you're losing something. the case in russia was different. i'm going to make the major point that the unit the 90's and in the and then after 1990's, particularly after 2006, you had two different kinds of understandings of imitation. the first imitation is survival. and this is -- we are going to conversation, and i will possibly have more to say, but there are always three more important things to

commitment to not europe as a whole but also particularly central europe where as they said, america has in some of its strongest allies. appeal was in effect ignored. in your view, what should the american government have done and particularly, do you see a indually declining interest europe from the u.s.? up does your pessimism stand against these optimists? mr. klaus: i really don't accept the label of being a pessimist. untrue and iutely would strongly differentiate a pessimist from a realist. i am sure that my approach is realistic. [applause] i am an advocate of wishful thinking and therefore, i always try to be realistic. point that irst would like to stress. my advice, my recommendation to we should states, give advice to ourselves. we should not pretend to be clever enough to give advice all over the world. i am not recommending anything to the united states of america. as lee edwards mentioned, his several preconditions, one of them is ideas matter. i fully agree more than anything else. in the case of ronald reagan, and john paul ii, margaret thatcher, they were not just d

and all we had was europe to deal with. now we are withdrawing and we europe, allrussia, of that. a much further can we go into this without really jeopardizing our hegemony? >> thank you, and the lady just behind. >> thank you, i'm an african-american journalist andk you mentioned that the of whattability international interactions might combust into a future crisis for the whole world and in reference to world war i and the atmosphere of the major wars in the past. the russians just recently hosted the taliban, afghanistan was pivotal in the cold of what war and the fall of it, some afghans like to take credit for bringing down the soviet union. midst of thisthe atmosphere where in the trump era that american foreign diplomacy still is undefined for internal annexed and audiences, afghans wonder like many other nations where they should look to in terms of this evolving new world order? likedo we country afghanistan look towards and what kind of commitment could expect from united states and its western allies? >> now to both of you. >> do you want to start the argument we are a

europe isn't just being told that migration is a bad idea plans for an e.u. army have also been criticized from across the pond honeyboy kaye takes a closer look at the french german idea of a european military force which has ruffled washington this in case you missed a european talking about building up again. and i know my son and i have been breezily outlining their plans to dominate continental europe french president declared that it's a friend german responsibility to prepare the reef founding of europe i'm sure that the other twenty five union members have nothing to worry about i sure. was naive very easy in the original french at least this time paris and berlin are working together the german chancellor she won't run in another election can finally say what she actually wants and she really was a real true european army isn't it lovely how european. because no one is going to fail this grieving after hearing in germany. a massive wealth of one from britain who can't wait to get out and seeing eminem's plans friends it may finally looks like a good

is not going to disappear from europe. rather europe can only be a strong global player if it has a constructive relationship with the u.k. construct it was for her to cause papunya in that title back when germany was politically more peripheral that it tried to convince the benelux countries of its interests so that they would push them on the agenda of that strategy worked back then is that the right concept for the future or is germany allowed to be self-confident in expressing its wishes and setting its agenda as the time that i get into setting dacha and the germany is not only allowed to be confident it has to be confident. but you can be confident without being inconsiderate towards this notion that germany must always be subtle and can't just be forthright in its demands no one in europe still thinks that these are for to go globe to or. about as good but it leads to trouble take the two recent examples when germany su and political leadership within europe and the eurozone crisis and the refugee crisis in the summ

and there may be issues and complaints having to do with other regions the world but europe i think has been and the near abroad vision is a little bit or has been most important to russia since one thousand nine hundred ninety and remains one of russia's key interests if i read the foreign policy concept correctly. the point is that structurally indeed it would to a large part as nato and the e.u. expanded and more and more decisions were taken in nato in the e.u. russia had less opportunity to participate in the formulation or the taking of key decisions. and in that sense i recognized that russia had had a complaint that needed to be addressed since sometime in the last complaint i think according to you it's a series of complaints that have been voiced repeatedly and repeatedly ignored or dismissed well by some they've been ignored and dismissed i if i could put it very oversimplified because the history i believe this is complex is complicated but i think in this case this is a case i look and i say i can understand the complaints from moscow but i think the means chosen to exp

the minimum wage it pays in now is twelve dollars in europe and fifteen dollars in the u.s. the company recently increased the rate in the u.s. off to work as protested. following the black friday protests summers and denied exploiting workers and said it provides a safe positive workspace with competitive pay and benefits labor rights lawyer told us amazon is susceptible to work and consumer pressure. b.c. in the united states because of bad publicity and some calls by people like senator bernie sanders amazon raised its wages to fifteen dollars an hour from about twelve dollars an hour so we see that they are amenable to pressure look it's a consumer oriented business and particularly of consumers are willing to put pressure on them they will change their way but also again people do care about working conditions of others in the pay of others and i think people realize that while jeff bezos is making many many millions of dollars in his people or working in prison like conditions it is unacceptable. some news just in now from the russian defense ministry said that forty s

one europe which was homogeneous and that was western europe and there was one that was multicultural and ethnically diverse and it was central europe. 1939, was serving the population of poland,. so, this was the result of ethnic cleansing can't blame the hungarians or the polish, this was the result of -- of this type of ethnical motorization beta role -- motorization -- homogenization this combination threatened culture to places like bulgaria because it's very important to try to feel the situation through the eyes of the people not to justify but to understand because normally we talk about fears in abstract terms. it's an aging population in bulgaria, there are about 20% of the population for the past 30 years, in the next 20 years we will lose 21% of the population more and around 24% of the territory of the country will be demographically desert and old people. so, even if you're living in this place and doing economically well and you are freer than before, there is a strong sense and you feel that in 100 years no one will speak your language and no one will be interested in

with europe the main feature of all. but this was a war fought on many fronts. so there's another story rarely told. of huge importance during the war. and of lost in significance. a story of troops who fault and died but who are often forgotten. and the outcome that shaped the middle east of today. this is gold more one through our of i. malick to rekey the chin is he a writer and broadcaster is taking is on a personal journey across a dozen countries. his grandfather's generation force in the war. so far he's explored how thousands of arabs were conscripted by the british and french colonial powers in north africa. and how arabs were forced to fight on both sides for the european allies and the central powers setting muslim against muslim. and the vital role played by arab troops in the ottoman army again literally. in this episode he looks at the roots of why the ultimate has joined the war at home. how the european powers viewed the ultimate empire as ripe for division and exploitation. and the suffering when the also man government of young turks cracked do

saved europe. trump is on the side of british exit, he is on the side of le pen, he is against all of the people who were -- he was for all of the people who were against a coherent, liberal europe. that is absolutely unprecedented. >> john bolton wrote a series of op ed pieces from the new york post which he called for, america has an interest in the collapse of europe. he is saying the eurozone is a threat to american interests. >> this is exactly the same thing that was said when the league of nations was an imperial effort to take over united states and deprive us of our sovereignty. we are back to william borah-type arguments. >> let's go to the audience and take a few questions to these gentlemen over here. we will start here. >> both of you gentlemen seem to insinuate that henry cabot lodge might've had the power to prevent world war ii. how do you approve the league of nations? >> i insinuated that. let's leave poor adam alone. if we accept this as true or --ehow persuasive, i wonder americ

europe is is. more than the european union all it is shaped by the you but also by the great diversity and it goes beyond it the other way now let's get on and history is. there's spiegel in the eye marrow we look at without saying our own reflection clearly but that shows as backgrounds which help us to better understand our present selves have it mr herder thanks for speaking with us thank you. be in good shape. to tangle anti-church can be good for people with parkinson's disease. dancing can help improve balance and coordination. while tight she is great for staying flexible. and that physical exercise and gets our grade matter buzzing. in good shape next on d w. this is not. one thousand eight hundred and the first world war is over but the worst is yet to come. in years to follow roger chaos poverty and instability. fertile ground for fresh eyes and dictatorship. apocalypse never ending war. in forty five minutes. sometimes books are more exciting than real life. raring to breathe. what if th

occupies europe it's not defending europe and it's this is all a fraud and trump wants more money from the europeans to be occupied by the u.s. i hope they don't give it to us ok i'm going to jump in here gentlemen we're going to go to a short break and after that short break we'll continue our discussion on nationalism state with. this reserve bank unable to come toxic yes this is at the center of america's descent into financial armageddon yes can you blame the fed for such things as the infrastructure collapse across america the ecological collapse that's been going to california wildfires and hurricanes across the nation and the busted pipes in detroit leading to our stick poisoning left yes yes you can because they give money to the bad people. it's hard to imagine decades after the war a nazi doctor was still active. in the nineteen seventies crittle had as the chair of its board a man convicted of mass murder and slavery. a german company developed to the divide a drug that was promoted as completely safe even during pregnancy. it turned out to have terrible side effects what ha

the americans and the europe. it's becoming over and they are expenses but on the other hand you they have intensified their exercises alongside the russian border you used to work for an aide to write or advise me i've been yes words i didn't in the context not formally in nato stuff but yes definitely from your understanding who is calling the shots at nato right now it's not it's no longer trump the trumpet ministration right when nato. i mean nato operates by consensus. and it's very if there still is a thermal influence is a complicated to explain how you know the us has great influence in nato but when you talk about the us official your not talking about the white house or is it some other where they say i was a large bureaucracy and there are ministers from the us and nato stuff from the us speak also because large portions of u.s. policy are supportive of nato. in the trump administration many official senior officials in the trump administration are supportive of nato we in the us have always complained

focused on europe on t w. this is eleven years live from berlin a year when he does approve the braggs a dream at a special summit in brussels in the last all the funds are going to many members of the e.u. have signed off on the agreement off the last remaining obstacles what. the head of the e.u. is executive joke has said it's the best possible deal but it's a tragedy that britain is leaving the block we give them a just from brussels and london.

looking at europe today, i think both of your relatively pessimistic about where europe is headed. it is an interesting example of the retrench of american power not necessarily military because the trump administration has forces in europe. the u.s. is deeply engaged in europe after world war ii and throughout the many years since. it is something watched his hand of internal european debate nothing -- no opinion scene on brick stick -- we see germany looking at post miracle future. how should we think about, adam in your work in particular neutrality of atlantic economy and the global economy. financial crisis possibility of occurrence. it is still really europe that is the most worrisome variable there. how should we think about europe's future? how can we conceive of alternative futures? they essentially failed to build a close union. what type of europe are we facing? adam we can start with you. >> what i argue in the book is an important point is that the reality of transatlantic financial diplomacy in 2008 2009 is an unwritten story. really doesn't do justice to either the l

in central andt eastern europe. in the last stages of communism, margaretagan, ronal thatcher, and john paul ii were regarded as heroes in our part of the world. not pay much attention to european politicians such as. they were no inspiration to us. we did not expect very much from them. the did not stand firmly and explicitly against communism. that the west did not use the fall of communism to forward.sive steps the end of communism proved to be a crucial moment in a positive direction, mostly for us in the former eastern bloc. decades ofatic operation and frustration, we were forced to go through. we very much enjoyed the freedom and democracy and used it to fundamentally change our soci eties. felt refreshing relief when the communism disappeared. the end of conflict of visions. suppose that the western liberal system would prevail all over the world. and will last forever. fatally wrongo be and misleading. it led to recklessness and irresponsibility. attentioning loss of caused a substantial shift of the west t

because in europe, they tried and got it wrong. and this type of rejection of being an imitator might explain something important. while people are trying to find a strong intellectual, liberal consistent ideology, i see many of these as a psychological reaction to this type of people being imitated story and the second thing which was typical was at the heart of the 1989 revolution into the second point which i'm going to put on centraleurope . during the revolutions, people always move. there always basically crossing borders. normally this is a defeated party that is leaving the country. in russia after 1917 it was the white russians. in 1789 it was the white french. one of the strange and biggest paradoxes of 1989 was that the first people who left their countries were the people thatsupported the change . because the whole utopia of 1989 was a normal society and the normal society was the last. and the revolutionaries wanted to leave in the future of germany you go to germany, you go to the united kingdom, united states and i'

the minimum wage pays an hour is twelve dollars in europe and fifteen dollars in the u.s. the company recently crease the rate in the u.s. after workers protested there were following the black friday protests amazon denied exploiting workers and said it provides a safe and positive workspace with competitive pay and also benefits laborites lawyer though dan kadlec told us that amazon is susceptible to worker and consumer pressure. we see in the united states that because of bad publicity and some calls by people like senator bernie sanders amazon raised its wages to fifteen dollars an hour from about twelve dollars an hour so we see that they are amenable to pressure look it's a consumer oriented business and so particularly if consumers are willing to put pressure on them they will change their way but also again people do care about working conditions of others in the pay of others and i think people realize in the larger bozo is making many many millions of dollars in these people or working in prison like conditions that this is unacceptable. that russia's foreign min

think raise him powers of europe were falling apart. the war that had killed millions prompted new demands for independence. in april nine hundred sixteen irish republicans in dublin launched an insurrection against british rule. but the uprising was poorly organized and was put down quickly by brits. troops once again in the union jack flew over the irish capital. the all straight hungary and empire a truly multinational state had ceased to exist by early november nine hundred eighteen. the empire is larger ethnic minorities including czechs slovaks croats and slovenes demanded independence and hopes that america would help them achieve it. u.s. president woodrow wilson sought to create a jury of peace as part of this effort wilson announced that from now on the peoples of europe should be governed only by their own consent he described self-determination as an imperative principle of action. empires collapse i i people rose up in revolt. ex monarchs fled the last austrian emperor charles the first step down from the hapsburg throne he

and europe needs to be able to defend itself so it should have a capability that it can draw on and the french have been the strongest in this train of thought. and this may be now coming up again in europe as some pronouncements of the trumpet ministration have raised doubt about the u.s. the devotion of the u.s. to nato i should say if this is now all still at the level of statements because the actions are still nato new u.s. and nato allies are still acting very much together but it comes out of it's been a constant argument since the end of the cold war and i suppose it'll always be there because is it natural for the united states to be in europe forever well i mean on some level it's very beneficial economically and. if not of much of welcomed it. because of conditions at the time and eventually some time whether it's a century two centuries a thousand years in the future it will change but it hasn't right now and that so we're dealing with. and an argument and a tendency and a worry but it hasn't gone much beyond that in my perception now for us russians it's very hard to fi

in europe or risk the mission of supposed to do with. your small. much of the most evil is bordered with fischer just make up at the board delete the small toward him she does she turns you. off syria should be on cruisin leave the border the us leaves come or go start my dream was mothers get to go use the morgue is a. must at almost vision steroids in those conditions so others will wash the. dishes. was. stories like yours. but the system. in this to good serves. its good to have to show us your skills are. good to get. this at the surface of the syrian people mr. byron stuff indeed thanks staying with us here this evening a lot international updates solid top stories in half an hour. which you are not going to see if you shoot when you are not a government. you'll force is your voice belongs to you and use a stylus in your voice so many people accept the scenes it would look like so it was a secure should we say it is a difference which will leave diplomacy in zero fisher people to see. ministries police forces and city administrations of many c

, with this vision for a new europe. death. he is really struggling with this opinion ratings at home, but internationally he is really presenting himself as this figure. i think that is what he will try to do with the european parliament elections coming up in may. this party, he wants to have a good image there. interestingly, the announcement in the atlantic that the relationship between donald trump and the emmanuel macron, and the relationship between the us and europe. we have spoken a little bit about this before, but this is the independent. this was the thinking that she would have a cabinet meeting today as opposed to the scheduled one on tuesday to approve ape brexiteer that she present to brussels. but at the events last week with jo johnson resigning brussels. but at the events last week withjojohnson resigning in what has then, she is realising, perhaps, she will not get better she won't get that not from the cabinet today if she were to presented to them. i think possibly - today was only ever pencilled in

for the internal division that europe divisions that europe needs overcome those are all very reasonable remarks what he said with this kind of real european army that he wanted and also this off hand remark that it's partly put possibly also directed against the u.s. that struck me as somewhat odd i mean it's it's partly in tradition with some of the some of the previous rhetoric but it overshoots the previous rhetoric i think quite considerably and i'm not sure why charles that it wasn't embedded in a broader policy initiative that hasn't there hasn't been any follow up in the u.s. and france are allies does it concern you that this is what the rhetoric has become between two countries that are supposed to be allies david i'll let you take that first i do think this way it's kind of a matter of positioning yourself is it hearing to be in this kind of long tradition of anti-americanism in france this is something which goes back at city one thousand nine hundred twenty and beyond and more recently after the second world war it was a significant level nancy americanism which is of course