the army wants people in the army that want to be in the army and know the challenges and benefits of being in the army. and that game, we knew every kid had seen "full metal jacket" that might ever want to come in the army. there's the emblem attic scene where the soldier shoots his drill sergeant. like, okay, the kids have seen that. if you try that in the army's game, you go to jail. and it's a very boring experience listening to a guy on a harmonica. you can get hurt and you don't get to have replay. your treat your comrades as a medic. we're trying to show so people know what they're getting into. it's a very expensive enterprise for the united states. we don't want buyer's remorse. we don't want somebody going back to america saying that's not like i expected. we'd like them to go back to america and tell their family, their peers, it was pretty much like i thought it would be. great days and really lousy days. some great food and lousy food. it was cold. i was hot. life is like that. and like any other veteran, i'll tell you my war stories. i'm not going to tell you the boring

with that the army wiped his hands of it. much to the war department in basement, the first only intensified the debate in the case. many americans agree with the verdict but many more were outraged. ordinary citizens call for justice for the women, some sought dismissal, civil rights leader stepped up demands for the army to look into the cost of the strike. marshall agreed to the appeal. in the war department was also busy they had to consider its options. the civilian reaction compelled the army to do really and racial distribution. it dismissed the verdict and restore the service personnel to duty. for two weeks the press manipulated of the fort devens case with the easy way out. then within a month the case disappeared from the press and accordingly from popular counts of the work. today americans no black who serve in the war slowly and of white wax with iconic images and recruiting campaign but not a black box, once again that were overlooked and undervalued. they understand that they did not fit neatly into military l

following the armies lead, the navy, marines, coast guard and army air corps created her own women's forces. so none of these initially accepted black wacs or black recruits. only the wac did, compromise i argue that the war department offered civil rights leaders whose demand, demand for integration of the armed forces had firmly rejected. this afternoon i will introduce the back strike in a to form as a do in the book. the characters and plot provide the context to explore army personnel policies and how they led to the strike, court-martial and public interest in the case. and at the time it was a sensational trial. i will conclude brief thoughts on why the strike is a little known today. i promised you a story. which i'll begin in 1944 wendy for women at the center of the strike and court-martial enlisted. alis young was a middle-class washington, d.c. resident with a well-paid government job. because she also had some training as a nurse, recruiters a shorter that the army needed her as a medical technician. johnnie murphy, , northerner, hd clerical skills, no job, and like sold

it was a problem for which the army and army psychiatry had no answers. and that's a story in itself. it's the biggest chapter in the book. but what was disputed until the end was whether the heroin use was a psychiatric problem, a medical problem or discipline problem. and all the authorities from each of those sections fought over what to do, whose problem it really was. oops, i didn't mean to get there that fast. this slide is similar to that other one. this time i'm using wounded in action rate, showing nonjudicial punishments over time right till 1972 where it drops off just like psychiatric outpatients drops off. the reason it drops off, now we're evacuating people out of the theater. that's the orange line there. as well as court-martialing them. this is -- [ laughter ] there it is. there it is. anyway. that speaks for itself. real quick, this is the race for fragging and overdose deaths. notice, there is no 1968 or before that, because there weren't any to speak of. no one was counting them anyway. we start to have the fragging incidents and narco

army or u.s. army war college. the late afternoon sun of may 10, 1863 was warm and pleasant. just bring through the young trees of the virginia wilderness and creating a quilt of bright and dark spots on the floor. here it focused on the fern struggling to unfold into life, there it landed on a burned corpse or newly dug grave. spring came to virginia but so have the war. shattered rifles, shell fragments, broken canteens and even the remains of a drum littered the sides of the stage road down which a small group of men were galloping full speed towards fredericksburg. those men had just been at the home of thomas chandler who lived in a small hamlet on the richmond fredericksburg called guinea station. all that sunday they waited outside a frame house on his estate and. for the man lying on the bed inside offering supplications to the almighty that he may be spared and return duty. at 315 they found out that their prayers and those of thousands more in the army of northern virginia had not been answered. general thomas jonathan stonewall jackson was dead. just the day before

to a different army. and it was an army that only had four infantry battalions left out of a high of, i think, about 77, if i remember right. and that's not to say that the combat units haven't been fighting because they have. and if you just track the time, the battle of hamburger hill in '69, the cambodian incursion in april 1970. fehrbase rip cord. you talk about combat effectiveness. consider firebase rip cord where a small base was outnumbered 10 to 1. three medals of honor and six distinguished service crosses were awarded there. so the battle donetone continue. we did support from the aurand lost 107 helicopters. so the war continued. the combat units, i think, felt a sense of purpose because they had to for their own salvation. but by the time i got there, there were some fractures that were beginning to show. and whether it was to the extent that hainal mentions or not, it's clear that there was some serious problems going on. firebase pace. firebase marianne to mention a few of these incidents.

the army was still segregated in world war two. one of them buried in the cemetery is a boxer, he volunteered, he was not drafted. one of his friends asked him why he joined. he wanted to join to fight in an army that won't even recognize you as an equal. it's that kind of attitude, perspective on america that broke all of our imperfections. we are still the greatest nation in the world, in human history that we need to teach young people today. i disagree with one premise, people your age don't have as much respect, that was not my experience. teaching them to respect the men and women in uniform, he also need to teach them why they should respect that uniform and that flag. that is just and noble and free. a nation founded on choice and principles that men are created equal. we have the right to control the government, not have the government control us. it's those principles for which we are fighting that i think too many young people are not taught in today's schools and colleges. that's why i am always happy to come speak to y

>> joined the army. [applause] you might say that it's the highest educated element in the army almost everyone there has a college degree. many of them have masters and a handful of doctorates. if you want to be, there are a few places to do it better than the four player but i would say to you or any young people in the audience whether you are 18 or 22 or like me, 27 you will never go wrong joining. i know you may have doubts. the army takes all kinds. it takes the quarterback and it turns them into soldiers and what you will gain in three or four years serving the country is something you cannot gain anywhere else you won't get it in college or the workforce. you will learn not just skills but some of the skills i was scs talking about earlier but most importantly serving something greater than yourself and respect of your fellow citizens. so if you are thinking of joining the military, you should do it and the army as well. the iowa to remind everyone first we do have books for sale so pick one up i

a lot of movement in the army corps door. with that, we have worked hard on remaining focus on priorities that we sit. -- remaining focus on priorities that we set. at theaking a hard look types of things that taylor wimpey fabric. we are a people position. we have been very focused on our priorities and have been on a unique journey. we have conducted one of the most extraordinary restructuring changes in over 40 years with restructuring our modernization enterprise. commandchieve unity of under one roof. over two years ago, we started looking at how we conduct modernization and to take to reduce the expand time, the time to experiment with a prototype system? historically, it it would take us about 20 years to fill the capability. to field an0 years organization handles over one million people. like having a kid that there is a 90 mile per hour fastball until 39. process,ent down this we knew we had to lock in its investment property, look at all the stakeholders and see how they are spread across different organizations or

the army corps has been a great partner in this process. we achieve the first milestone last december and we are projecting that we would arrive at a tentatively selected plan in september of 2021. we would have complete environmental clearance for the project through this effort. the army corps is currently going up its chain of command to seek authorization for a more expensive study that will take more time. typically the army corps does a $3 million study within three years with a broad recognition that this is a complicated urban waterfront, a big expense that we are looking at, it will cost more and take more time to do the proper kind of study. we are in alignment with the army corps at the district level and making that request. so turning to the proposed contract amendment, there's a lot of work that we are undertaking here. we need resources to be able to conduct that work. the proposed contract would be a 20 million-dollar amendment to a base contract of approximately $40 million. we are projecting 30% l.b.e. participation in the

army. he assumed his position following confirmation by the u.s. senate in mid january of this year. his responsibilities include supervising manpower personnel and reserve component affairs to the department of the army and is the principal advisor of the policy of human resources, training, readiness, military health sales, equal opportunity in marketing among others which makes it striking that he finds time in his schedule to come talk with us today and we are grateful for that. dr. wardynski is a graduate of the us military academy and hold same masters of public policy and a phd in policy analysis. during his 30 year career he served as a special weapons officer within the united states and in korea. he spent 10 years as an associate member of economics where he was also the director of the us armies office of economic and manpower analysis advising senior leaders on officer retention talent management and marketing. my favorite piece of the introduction is that he created the award-w

army or u.s. army war college. so, hello, everyone. i'm so sorry i could not join this fantastic lineup today. i was struck with a turbo curse from the travel gods with no reasonable way to get to kansas today. i hope you will accept my sincerest regrets and hope i catch up with you at the society for history meeting in may or sometime in the future and happily answer questions with soemced and e-mail. i want to use religion to examine the question of the m e morale and the relationship between morale and public opinion. i focus on first accounts of chaplains and the registry from the chaplainsy. today, i want to ask two questions. one, how did religious support from agency at home and their first hand positions affect morale in vietnam. second, how did military chaplains, especially those who served tours before this and after observe the changes in troop's morale. the basic trends on the public opinion on the vietnam war are well-known. as the war escalated, american casualties mounted and the public support for the war declined. the

trotsky took the red armies that i want to make it a working man army. as we saw on the front of that form we call that the early war uniform it was a simple smock, with the laid down collar. there is more and more reference to the past. to the heroics of the military oh under the czars. so later on, during the war the uniform is now changed, back to the czar -type looking uniform with the raised collar and so forth. again the metals came back. metals were horrific -- prolific there were guard units, now we were going to have a lead red army guard units to encourage the men to fight. so yes, i would like to people i would like people to take away from this. i would say for example, cspan is a good source for much of the information that we use in our hobby. i've heard numerous occasions made on cspan and the professional historian made and see how we downplay we don't say enough about the soviet contribution to winning world war ii. in the story of the soviets in world war ii. with that i guess i would like people to take away that story and understand,

the red army. okay? and -- so, for example, basically four different things, let's say, as a partisan movement. again, three of them in adjunct to or support of the red army. one, provide intelligence. again, on my table over here, we have a picture. okay? and this picture depicts one of those elements. a red army scout dressed in a camouflage uniform is consulting with partisan members. so moving back over here to this display, we then see parts of the uniform and equipment that he would have worn. in this case he wears the camouflage outfit. and in this case it's a leaf pattern as opposed to what they call the amoeba pattern in that picture. he's lightly dressed with that. he doesn't have a helmet. he has a soft hat. he has a bag, which is backpack, with a few items in it. that's his map case. he has binoculars. he has a canteen. he has a belt. and his compass. all right? his weapon is the p ps41. again, slightly dressed. he provides intelligence. also i have another element that he would be carrying.

army. we are blessed to have an officer of such dynamic breadth of experience as the senior aviator of the army in generating background, he was the g1, does not have extraordinary depth of experience, and operating and maintaining complex weapons system, modernization, still having troops deployed in other countries. we have nobody finer as senior officer in uniform. general joe martin is the vice chief, extraordinary talented officer. we are excited about managing transition, our chief to become chairman of the joint chiefs in the army corps door. with that what we work hard on is the remaining focus on the priority we set as an institution but what you will hear us talk about in the future is our people, investing in our people so they can reach their potential but also taking a hard look at how to manage challenges we face, suicide, sexual assault, the kind of things the tear away at the fabrics of all people and organizations, we are a people organization. we are focused on priorities,

army. these are both draftees and enlisted. priority one was the category the army called wanted to be filled with a college graduate. so some of the an acronyms on the bottom, men who volunteered for officer candidate school or enlisted for it. c.a.s. stands for civilian acquired skills. those are men who came in with skills that immediately translated to an mos, so they were awarded that mos based on their skills, such as delta clerks. a lot of lawyers got drafted and wound up as legal clerks. 91 seiierra, preventive medicin. department of the army preferred mos utilization, these were moss requiring a high score in the armed forces qualification test, such as 96 bravo intelligence analysts. men could be assigned that, or they could actually enlist for it as well. now, enlisted for an mos is men who went down to see their recruiting sergeant and signed up for three years for a very specific mos. almost always, and there are reams of figures for this and i looked through all the reports, v

armies. if there are men who had previously held the classification under law of enslaved, they have by this point escaped from their masters, they have come into a u.s. refugee camp of the sort that amy taylor described yesterday and they have enlisted in the u.s. army as regular men so they are no different from white soldiers in that capacity. once they are in the union army there are no slaves in the union army and so the confederacy has to recognize that. that being said, the confederate army like the u.s. army is enormously decentralized and in many interactions with black soldiers across the south atrocities are committed and black men are refused the opportunity to surrender and this happens most famously at ft. pillow -- where are we -- i have a ft. pillow image coming up later. sorry. it happens most famously at ft. pillow, poison spring, plymouth in north carolina, it happens in saltville in virginia, it happens at the crater. we heard about this yesterday about the battle that tra

they are among part of america's secret army in the vietnam war. now they say they're being hunted by the laos army picked off one by one time is running out for the whole month of northern. the dead of night and a rendezvous on the fringe of ages dances jungles. these are my guys they are home on a rugged tough people used to harsh conditions. for the people living in fear. when we talk we wished for. we try not to create noise and we try to avoid the danger. the danger is posed by the laos army they are everywhere the hmong told me and ambushes are common it's about midnight now we've been walking for about 3 hours up this huge hill hallways are put up with his tortures route for somebody like me but for these young hmong fighters it's a normal walk in the jungle and the sort of care they have to take to avoid the laos army. a few welcome hours asleep beneath the dense canopy awaking to the chill of an early morning in the highland jungle of northern laos. breakfast was a kind of yam a staple diet for the hmong but something i would come to dread

army in 1969. he gives us a short little talk about vietnam and the positive outlook in vietnam, this is october 1969, who knows. but he focuses in this talk on race, and that does two things. first, it makes race a focus of command attention because he says this is a problem we have to solve, and the second thing he did was -- is probably more significant. he calls for a shift from color blind to race consciousness. a negro in uniform does not cease to be a negro and become a soldier instead, he becomes a negro soldier. the opposite direction from removing racial designations from forms. we have to pay attention to the racial identity and experiences of our soldiers. so how does this translate to vietnam? army records from the inside suggest that there was an awful lot of resources being devoted to the problem of race that was growing. there are lots of fact finding trips. there are evaluations conducting, it also shows that a lot of times the implementation wasn't wholehearted because the committ

in fact, uses the term, recruited army as opposed to all volunteer army. and the last thing i would just mention, and we may get a chance to talk about that further, is experimenting with paid television advertising for the recruiting. >> so i think i would just highlight maybe two issues related to this but a little bit separate. i think clearly one of the major challenges is a budgetary challenge. one of the things that's happening domestically, politically within the united states is that congress is seriously questioning the military budget beginning in the early 1970s. and they are doing so, i think both because of high ongoing cost of the war, but also the anticipated costs of the shift to the all volunteer force. so trying to make -- in the many ways a challenging moment to make the switch to the volunteer force, budgetarily because of the costs of the vietnam war, this is a very serious consideration. how will we have the higher pay? how will we extend military benefits to all ranks if we want to recruit a volunteer force. i think these budgetary q

army was. have it highlighting where they were in the operations, some quotes that were from ghost army's and really relate to what the ghost armies were. it helps to have this flashlight to make it brighter. and it's kind of just fun and the bright light to have this and he see that little hint -- you see that little hint that makes it very secretive. it really conveys a lot of the message of this topic. it is just that physical toresentation, something carry the point across without saying it inwards. -- in words. >> where did you get all of your information for the exhibit? >> ordinarily, it was from the historians -- veterans and the historian who let my tour-- led my tour. he also made the pbs documentary. active -- he is a very active. we actually have a bill to get the congressional medals for these men. and since he was on my tour, i got to know him very well. he was able to give me some contact information for more veterans that i would not have been able to get anyways. september, and

army. for about two years, he served as under secretary of the army, civilianrmy senior assistant and principal advisor on matters related to the management and operation of the army, including development and integration of army programs and budget. prior to that, he worked on capitol hill and in various editions in the pentagon. served into 2002, he the army including in deployment to afghanistan. he also served in operation enduring freedom. i suppose his experience as a soldier will ensure his commitment to making sure that our oreos have everything that they did. would you like to make any comments. >> thank you. we were actually texting with his son backstage, who actually just graduated from the university of chicago and will going to the infantry at fort running this fall. he is testing as best for fortng this fall -- at benning this fall. he was texting us from italy. aad, i have known him over decade ago in afghanistan, we have worked together in the past and it is a good opportun

army. with the research on friendship and men, not only drove revolutionary rhetoric, but was critical to defining revolutionary relationships. it offers a starting point to understand how participants on the ground of revolutionary movements throughout the became entangled in the process of social hierarchies. i believe that scholars often overlook how the environment served as an important nexus in the process of implementing change. overall, examining the american a promisingers opportunity to unlock the key of a fundamental para lockstep .esist in the age of revolution how social revolutions were created and justified throughout war. today, i look for to our discussion. we are in the midst of something great in military history, that embraces innovation and creativity. thank you. thank you, ms. engl. mark.nk you, goes back to my time editing washington's papers turned the revolutionary war. you're really are with washington post via's papers as a resource, in many cases we are looking f

, he supported the army in other ways, initially he sold products to his army, he had a livestock farm eventually though in the summer of 1861, he fled the region like so many other white land owners did as the union moved in, his farm fell into union hands and over the course of the war it underwent a transformation that was nothing like anything that jefferson sinclair probably ever envisioned for his property, in fact, we could probably say this was one of his worst nightmares, because, by the hundreds and even the thousands, his farm began the destination of people -- during the war, surrounding farms and plantations in virginia a total of 4500 people had moved onto the property by 1865, they changed it, it looked different. they built houses, hundreds of them, scattered them in the fields where his livestock once roamed they built five churches, at least one store and they built a hospital too. our settlement on sinclair's farm is laid out in streets with order and regularity. one of the residents reported in 1865. containing many buildings of comfort and convenience and even ones

could beijing be planning to use force in hong kong all that's what some people are reading into the army slow release of a video that includes an exercise in right control. plus paying tribute to poland's freedom fighters in world war 2. in the polish capital the new president and the people have been honoring those who died in the warsaw uprising 75 years ago hundreds of thousands were killed in the ultimate lee few tile battle to drive the nazis out of cold. the by. plane. on whale rockets so great to have you along every one. a 3rd person has died from a bola in the city of goma the democratic republic of congo the latest victim is a one year old girl whose father the 2nd confirmed case in the city died yesterday well goma is a city of about 2000000 people so there are fears though that just a few cases of the deadly virus could spread rapidly in the region and you can see where goma is located it's close to the border with rwanda and it's now been a year since the original outbreak of ebola elsewhere in the d.r. c. and that outbreak is still claiming lives. after another death from a

first about american history has been a volunteer army. we only had draft armys in world war i. i'm not going to talk about the civil war. world war i and world war ii. and for a brief period after world war ii encompassing the korean war. then they -- another reason was that by the '60s, the size of the eligible population for conscription was so large that they couldn't draft everybody. in fact, the issue became who serves when all cannot serve? and there were so many deferments added and exemptions added to the law that by that time, there were more reasons not to serve that a person wouldn't have to serve than they'd have to serve. people increasingly began to realize what the inequity was there. there was a body of thought that legitimized. there was -- another issue was that the war obviously was increasingly unpopular. there is no doubt about that. in that sense, it's -- that becomes one of the approximate cause causes. finally, i think i've only said four. i'll skip one. finally, the army itself had lost confidence in the draft. they were having increasing problems with

army, it is the army of america, yes. but what element of america? certainly part of the american revolution. this typically the united colonies. so, when does the continental army begin? it is not necessarily with the start of the revolution but we are going to pick up our story at the beginning of the war. couple classes ago we were talking about the french and indian war. and the french and indian war was a world war that fundamentally altered several different nations primarily france, britain, and the british colonies. and many americans had fought alongside british soldiers and british officers during the war. does anyone recall what were some of the things that required when the the two colonies interactive? >> in a lot of ways the british are looking down on the colonists for number of reasons and that had to do with a lack of formal military training. some of it had to do with how they dressed. we know there is lots of resistance and there is a large aspect over who holds the higher rank. there is a colonial officer and does that outrank a b

now we're gonna have elite red army guard units. to again, raise morale, and encourage the men to fight. so i guess i'd like people to take away from this, i will say, for example, that c-span will be able to show us much of the fflgz that we use in our hobbies. and i've heard numerous occasions on various historical presentations, the professional historians, about how we downplay or don't say enough about the soviet contribution to winning world war ii. and the story of the soviets in world war ii. and with that, i guess i'd like people to take away that story and understand that it was a significant contribution. both in terms of its strategy impact on winning the war, as well as the great sacrifice that the soviets incurred winning that war. >> the war in russia enters its third year, with soviet armies pounding the germans from the black sea to the baltic. >> retaking town after town, soviet forces find the ravaged country left by the nazis. if they're to pay a price for this wanton destruction, that price was more than five mi

army, incredible soldiers. you have on the eve of world war ii a military force unique in american history, a colonial force like the british model, 20 to 25% american and the rest is local guys, armed, trained, equipped and run by americans. he is recalled to active duty on the eve of the war, a 3 star rank and eventually 4-star rank to command this force in the philippines. he has to decide how to defend the philippines if the japanese ever come? the war department has been thinking about this for a long time, i will boil down for you the whole long army doctrine, all these boring things. war plan orange says there is no way to defend the whole archipelago or island, the main largest island where manila is over here, we just can't do that. was we are going to do is retreat to the peninsula which is excellent defensible ground. a lot of ridges, a lot of mountains, you can stymie the japanese and what we will do is our fleet will have blue water, open ocean engagement with the imperial japanese navy, defeat the

what is the ghost army? tanks,e: it used d quite fake radio messages and sonic sound, recorded sounds of thevity, to be able to fool germans. they shortened the war and saved lives by preventing conflict. mr. stanley nance: where would they do this? they did this anywhere they were needed. sometimes, it was close to the front lines but not close enough this a great. or it could have been further like inthey sometimes --ration element -- elephant they operated anywhere they were needed. can you tell me about some of the pictures and things you have. ? these are some of the is what theyhis were in the war and this is what they are now. showing that they were not recognized in the war and they're still not recognized now. we have an iconic picture of the inflatable tank in the center. the men lifting it up, this 93 pound inflatable tank that should have been four tons or more. ingersoll -- he was credited with the original idea of the ghost army. he was an officer. and then here we have some methods and the men

especially the army. the army is the best. for all of those of you who are talking about joining the air force and maybe the marines [inaudible] i'm partial to the army but seriously at your age if you're not thinking about our armed forces you should be thinking about it. other people will go back to fancy jobs with big investment banks or law firms and what you will learn with two-four years with our military will put you in better stead for the rest of your life whether you go back to school or go to work or be in elected office, there is nothing you can do over the next two-four years of your life that will better prepare you for the next steps in your life serving in our military what you learn as a young soldier, sailor, airman or marie marine and eight life or death situations and sometimes billions of dollars of hardware on the line serving your country and swerving its flag cannot be learned of the best committees or schools of america but when you're done with that service into-four years you can learn what all your

a huge army, germany has a huge army, we are not going to be those countries because they get into wars, they will get into more wars, they get into colonial occupations. and yet at the same taunt, the n economy was growing, the population was growing, technology was in the same way we sort of generically talk about it today, technology was bringing us closer together, people were copps of this -- conscious of this. our time was running out as far as being able to isolate ourself. there was the sense that, okay, america has to reconceive its role in the world and start to embrace the idea what it means to be a world power because whether we like it or not, we're going to be that way. so how do we do that in a way that is not what europe does. and, to me, the spanish-american war offered an answer to that, an answer that a lot of people could embrace. it was, if you say, well, the spanish-american war had a moral purpose to it, then that allows people who maybe don't want a european-style military or a european-style foreign policy at least in, you know, the stereotype to embrace somethi

, the french army, or any commanders of those armies even knew what happened in the civil war. there is no evidence that they did a study of this. now, the u.s. army, and everybody else did study civil war field fortification, the atlantic campaign had field and staff right with the u.s. army in the late 1800s, i have never seen any historian who can show any evidence that europeans know about this. the thing you have to keep in mind, that field fortifications and the growth of their use is a worldwide phenomenon in the 1800s and 1900s, not just america. why did world war i and the western front devolves into trench warfare? let me suggest something, the primary reason, because by 1914, europe had experienced an explosion of population all of the continent and the result is that national armies in europe in 1914 can afford to raise gigantic military forces. you can have a national army raised in a matter of weeks and in 1914, that is big enough to expand the borders of your country. from right to left. in other words, you can have continuous fronts in world war i that you could

at the end of 2018 fighting between the ethnic are a kind army and the myanmar army in rakhine state escalated and it's continued this year the latest outbreak earlier this month was reported more than 20 people were killed from both sides the ethnic our account people are fighting for greater autonomy for myanmar central government the region was called our convo for it was renamed rakhine state this is the same state that saw a violent crackdown by the myanmar army against the ethnic muslim or hinge a minority 2 years ago prompting a mass exodus across the border into bangladesh they are can army is based in trains in neighboring catchin state going on in our d. your car main go to fight is we want equality and self-determination this is an outstanding point in the policy from our organization we want to be able to have our own american state future. thousands have fled the violence into neighboring chin states living in camps for the internally displaced over the last 3 years more females have started to join our current army ranks after losing family members and land for the figh

we were able to shorten the war and save lives for both the german army and the american army. and so, if one mother or one new bride was spared putting of gold star in their front window, we were successful. >> in 1979, small network with anunusual name rolled out unusual idea -- let the viewers make up their own mind. contentught unfiltered from congress and beyond. a lot has changed in 40 years. but that idea is more powerful than ever. c-span is your unfiltered view of government, so you can make up your own mind. widener professor jordan smith talks about the invention of rum. we recorded the interview at the organization of american historians annual meeting in philadelphia.

so the army not only needs folks and the army corps and so does the marine and so does the army and heavy industry and farms need a whole lot of people and it becomes clear that the arsenal of democracy will have tank, plane, wheat and cotton and corn and beef coming out of america's farms and factories. so of the 25 million young men who were physically fit enough to join the military, the drop dead top number of men that would ever be actually be brought into the service was 15 million. so 25 million physically fit, 15 million the top number, but really the number that we're working with is 8 million and in fact, that number will drop to 7.7 million in 1944. so the american army starts with 200,000 soldiers in 1939. gets up to 8.8 million in 1943 and drops to 7.7 million in 1944. one of the first changes marshall makes when preparing for the war was to change the organization of u.s. infantry divisions. so he goes from the square division or four regiments to the try angular division with three regiments. as you can imagine, if you have the number of infantry divisions and they have the

operating with a small army in the midst of three other armies. stonewall jackson can operate independently and he does and keeps all those union armies this. -- there. . george mcklemmen amasses the largest unit. he brings them down to this place, fort monroe, the oldest fort in the union,ible. you can go stand right there and they're going to have a mighty union force assembling at this place. in the meantime, this whole force assembles, the confederates try to block that from subterfuge, from theatrics. from a guy named mcgruder. eventually the confederates give up yo,town. shes on to the confederate capital. here is seven times or fair oaks battle in is fought among twin houses along the williamsburg road that. slows down the union for a while but the most consequential thing in 1862, is that the confederate commander joe johnston will be put out of action resulting in jefferson davis putting in his third most ranking gentle, rocket e. lee. everybody thought held be cautious. he would become the most important confederate thing of anymore sort

the red army. okay? and -- so, for example, basically four different things, let's say, as a partisan movement. again, three of them in adjunct to or support of the red army. one, provide intelligence. again, on my table over here, we have a picture. okay? and this picture depicts one of those elements. a red army scout dressed in a camouflage uniform is consulting with partisan members. so moving back over here to this display, we then see parts of the uniform and equipment that he would have worn. in this case he wears the camouflage outfit. and in this case it's a leaf pattern as opposed to what they call the amoeba pattern in that picture. he's lightly dressed with that. he doesn't have a helmet. he has a soft hat. he has a bag, which is backpack, with a few items in it. that's his map case. he has binoculars. he has a canteen. he has a belt. and his compass. all right? his weapon is the p ps41. again, lightly dressed. this is what he does. he provides intelligence. also i have another element that h

force in the german army. is that exaggerated? >> i would hesitate to say that they were any more elite than the folks fighting on the russian front for the ss units that were fighting there as well. i think they were a very good army. they had been fighting for years already. but, i think they were just as good as many of the other german units. >> it was important? >> it was important that they were bloodied and survived and eventually went on to be victorious in africa. yes sir? >> i want you to speculate if montgomery had not absorbed all the gasoline and ammunition , do you think patton could have shortened the war? >> you know, that would call for a fair amount of speculation. even montgomery was short of ammunition and fuel. one of his arguments was eisenhower wanted a broad strategy. he wanted all three army groups moving forward east in a line. montgomery said we don't have the fuel or ammunition to do that. you need to give me the priority and give me the fuel and the animal and we will have a narrow

and to send taylor's army to conquer northern mexico. this was taylor's army. when mexico refused to concede, polk opened the second front down here at veracruz. the largest u.s. amphibious assault until world war ii. more than 80 ships. more than 10,000 troops. veracruz surrendered following a siege. scott embarked on his epic march then to mexico city in montezuma. 260 miles away. interestingly the duke of wellington, the victor at, waterloo, kept a wall map of the campaign in his study and followed scott's campaign. he thought scott was the great estrogen rall of his time. which he was. -- greatest, general of his time, which he was. polk wanted to be president of the whole country. not a partisan president. but he was a democrat to the core. he worked hard to prevent scott and taylor who were both wigs from reaping any political profit from the war. there's reason for this. george washington, andrew jackson, and william henry harrison had all been generals who became presidents. but in the process, polk made enemies of both his generals. yet congratulated h

first, the army general classification test core, the atct. at fort devins the women's army test scores were low as was the fun offering black school inside south where more than 70% of african-americans lived. as an aside, black soldiers from better funded schools in the north typically outperformed southern white recruits. in enough case, back at fort devins the deattachment's overall scores were actually engineered to be low. crandall requested personnel with no training so he could isolate them in menial jobs. his re-assignment of the three surgical technicians to orderly duty substantiates this intention. despite character, black wacs complain but their jobs at for devins, but this -- they were increasingly tardy for work but not at first. when they first arrived, they worked very hard at their jobs, but after their officers ignored their requests for explore they realized this was probably the job they would have, they did startmer more real deteriorated. the race card. yes, wacs claimed discrimination but not as a card of convenience. i

army because it's really the last major army operation that uses horse cavalry so you have horses hitting the trail, camping for months at a time, really independently as opposed to world war i which happens right afterwards which is large major operations in trenches and in ways doesn't have that sort of front year field. this is real the first time that the army uses trucks and airplanes in the field so i think that people would have been interested in the sort of spirit of adventure and change that it embodies. >> and all of this cron called, the cover of your book, is that a camp, and do you know where that is taken? >> it is, and i don't know exactly where it was taken. it is marked 1916 in northern mexico so it would have been somewhere in chihuahua. but you can see in the film there is a similar sort of vignette of men around a camp fire. >> the film begins with the march to one of those encampments, so as we watch this, give us a sense of what we're look at. >> mm-hmm. we're looking at infantry and mounted artillery. i think we'll see cavalry first. this is what i'm talking about.