there had been andrew johnson. there had been a number of judges who had been impeached. but the team looking at that -- and i was a very small part of that, doing the research -- that team was looking all the way back to early english precedence, since the founders took the idea obviously from the common law. there was the issue how do you proceed? how do you actually set up an appropriate process to consider all of these issues? and then the third was, what are the facts? and how do we understand the facts? so there was a team working on grounds for impeachment, how you described what high crimes and misdemeanors were, how it needed to relate to abuse of office and power, if it were in keeping with the precedence such as they were, and then there was the process standards that i worked on a lot about, okay, what do we do and how do we do it and what is our role compared to the role of the committee? and finally, the facts. and this was a method that doar had used in the justice department and probably in his law practice in wisconsin and they were statements of informat

and those that are stoked by andrew johnson. with a series of laws with the regime and with the survival of the ideology. and with professional reconstruction we see real change for the first time. and with that reconstruction with that protectionist. and that which has been denied by a political voice. and tragically then experiment in interracial democracy is under siege from the moment it begins. and with that confederate ideology and meant to have that zero-sum game. >> christopher wants to know and with our lost cause narrative of the confederacy and that they did not need saving. >> so alluding to the things the prophecy of deliverance is problematic. and those were to be condescending. and many felt this was part of our representative of the northern condescension. that northerners felt southern slaveholders were condescending toward them. and then to keep white southern suffering at politics. and showing suffering at the center of politics in this was a problem. and those to suffer under the slaveholders and in the name

and there was a lot wrong with what was done to andrew johnson. he was hardly a paragon of political rectitude, but it was more than it should have been in our assessment, a proceeding based on politics, not on evidence of high crimes or misdemeanors. however one defined that. so 100 years later, you have a crime, the break-in of watergate. you have a very vigorous investigation going on through the congress already, through the watergate committee. and so we were trying to impose an understanding of the law and the history combined with a process that would be viewed as fair, providing due process to the president, if articles of impeachment were decided. so we were trying to rely on precedent as much as we could, but we were kind of making it up based on our best understanding of the law as we researched it. >> secrecy is important. >> totally. >> how did mr. doar enforce secrecy? >> i think that, first of all, there were no cell phones. that makes a big difference. but i think he, by just force of character, made it clear to all of us, we did n

the white south said ok, we have lost, but meantime, lincoln's election, andrew johnson becomes he seems to cut some slack for the white south. they go great, let's push for everything we can get, let's reinstitute as much slavery as possible. before republicans come back in the congress. right now, there is a -- president running everything. too,sounds familiar, right? inn republicans come back after riots in new orleans and memphis and widespread violence against like people across the south, republicans say we cannot have lost 350,000 men for this. we must restore the purpose of the war. the white south was running roughshod. the white south just keeps pushing and pushing and northern republicans essay ok, it is going to take an amendment to the constitution that you have to support. you will have to allow black men to vote and the delegates. you have to rewrite the constitution before you come back and so that you can show us youare not -- you admit were defeated but not that you were wrong. you had congressional permission to go out and talk to people across the south, and what they

james buchanan who unseated him and andrew johnson who came after him are right last two, how do you explain. >> lincoln is sort of historical kryptonite. you don't want to be close to him. he had the greatest challenges of any president i think and did such a wonderful job. it's hard to look good next to that area but both buchanan and johnson were cosmically unsuccessful buchanan slid into war and almost did nothing to stop it . it was tragic . and johnson relayed the nation after the war and historical reputation is a fascinating thing in the first half of the 20th century was celebrated for having brought the south successfully back into the union and taking the wounds of war back together. healing thecountry . and then finally around 1950s people started saying well, actually there was a part of the country hedidn't heal very well . and that has, that awareness has grown and has caused him to decline. but it is worth noting and i think it's not the sort of thing, this sort of survey can correct for it was a really hard set ofproblems these guys had to deal with . war is stop. we

above him is the fierce competition between donald trump and andrew johnson. andrew johnson who became president when lincoln was shot tried to reverse or minimize the consequences of the civil war. >> he was a klan-supporting man who supported only preserving the union and not getting rid of what made the south distinctive at that time, which was slavery. mr. trump's damage is aesthetic. i say aesthetics matter. it's to the tone of the country and it's to what is considered acceptable and it's to whether we have norms anymore and that is where the stone commutation comes in because it looks like a redundant demonstration on the part of the president that he slim doesn't care. he likes to smash up the crockery, and we're running out of crockery right now. >> i know what we'd all think if we saw an erdogan do this or a putin or bolsonaro, that's for sure. >>> when we come back, president trump's style of communicating in 280 characters or less. wait till you see this latest trend. stay with us. atest trend. stay with us these folks, they don't have time to go t

lincoln's rhetoric hadn't resolved these questions and part of that coalition dramatized by andrew johnson, lincoln's successor who was chosen to run in 1864 when trying to win reelection precisely because he was a southerner, who supported the union and painted emancipation as a military necessity during the war. at the end of the war johnson essentially reveals his notion of black freedom is a narrow one. not only as a right to work for wages but political loyalty and it comes to light that he is seeking a new coalition of his own and abuses lincoln's amnesty, key things that i try to underscore, we focus rightly on emancipation and signature policy he has a second signature policy, amnesty to defeated confederates, taking over future allegiance and your rights will be restored, to appeal to the confederacy. johnson abuses the amnesty policy with massive pardons to the secessionist elite who look to punish and the result is the first days of reconstruction in which the white south imposes all kinds of forms of subordination that are meant to be as close to slavery as possible without def

andrew johnson who became president when lincoln was shot and tried to reverse or minimize the consequences of the civil war. >> he was a klan-supporting man who supported only preserving the union and not getting rid of what made the south distinctive at this time which is slavery. mr. trump is aesthetic. it's to the tone of the country and it's to what is considered acceptable and it's to whether we have norms anymore and that is where the stone commutation comes in because it looks like a redundant demonstration on the part of the president that he simply doesn't care, and there is crockery rid now. >> i know if we saw an erdogan do this a putin or bolsonaro, that's for sure. >> president trump's style it's easy to get lost in the economic uncertainty. the volatility. the ambiguity. this moment calls for more. and northern trust delivers more. with specialized expertise. proven strategies rooted in data and analytics... and insights borne from over 130 years of successfully navigating economic turbulence. giving you new clarity. inspiring confidence. and helping you uncover new paths for

andrew johnson who became president when lincoln was shot and tried to reverse or minimize the consequences of the civil war. >> he was a klan-supporting man who supported only preserving the union and not getting rid of what made the south distinctive at this time which is slavery. mr. trump is aesthetic. it's to the tone of the country and it's to what is considered acceptable and it's to whether we have norms anymore and that comes in because it looks like a redundant demonstration on the part of the president that he simply doesn't care, and there is crockery rid now. >> i know if we saw an erdogan do this a putin or bolsonaro, that's for sure. >> president trump's style of it's easy to get lost in the economic uncertainty. the volatility. the ambiguity. this moment calls for more. and northern trust delivers more. with specialized expertise. proven strategies rooted in data and analytics... and insights borne from over 130 years of successfully navigating economic turbulence. giving you new clarity. inspiring confidence. and helping you uncover new paths forward. northern trust but wha

andrew johnson who became president when lincoln was shot and tried to reverse or minimize the consequences of the civil war. >> he was a klan-supporting man who supported only preserving the union and not getting rid of what made the south distinctive at this time which is slavery. mr. trump is aesthetic. it's to the tone of the country and it's to what is considered acceptable and it's to whether we have norms anymore and that is where the stone commutation comes in because it looks like a redundant demonstration on the part of the president that he simply doesn't care, and there is crockery right now. >> i know if we saw an erdogan do this a putin or bolsonaro, that's for sure. >> president trump's style of communicating in 280 characters or less. wait until you see this latest trend. stay with us. yes it is. jim, could you uh kick the tires? oh yes. can you change the color inside the car? oh sure. how about blue? that's more cyan but. jump in the back seat, jim. act like my kids. how much longer? -exactly how they sound. it's got massaging seats too, right? oh yeahhhhh. -oh yeahhhhh. v

he had resolve these questions and we see the falling apart of that coalition by andrew johnson who was chosen in 1864 when lincoln was trying to win re-election precisely because he was a southerner who had seen the light and supported the union by supporting emancipation as a military sais -- necessity during the war. at the end of the war johnson essentially revealed that his notion of lack freedom was a very narrow one primarily on the as a right for wages but not political war and the comes to light that he is seeking to build a new coalition of the south that included former planters and he uses lincoln's amnesty policy. i really try to underscore in my book that while we focus on emancipation as a second signature policy of amnesty to the confederates taking away your right to vote will be restored to a peak to field disaffected southerners away and back to the union. johnson the abuses that amnesty policy with massive pardons to the very secessionist elite who northerners had thought to punish. the result is the first days of reconstruction in which the white south imposes all k

the white south said ok, we have lost, but meantime, lincoln's election, andrew johnson becomes president, he seems to cut some slack for the white south. they go great, let's push for everything we can get, let's reinstitute as much slavery as possible. before republicans come back into congress. right now, there is a -- president running everything. this sounds familiar, too, right? let's do what we can with this president. when republicans come back in after riots in new orleans and memphis and widespread violence against black people across the south, republicans say we cannot have lost 350,000 men for this. we must restore the purpose of the war. because the white south was running roughshod. the white south just keeps pushing and pushing and northern republicans essay ok, it is -- republicans say ok, it is going to take an amendment to the constitution that you have to support. you will have to allow black men to vote and be delegates. you have to rewrite the constitution before you come back because you have shown us you are not sorry at all. you admit you were defeated but you do

johnson, lincoln's successor. chosen to run in 1864 when lincoln was trying to win re-election, precisely because the was a southerner who had seen the light or so it seemed. he supported the union. and came to support emancipation as a military necessity during the war. well, at the end of the war, johnson essentially revealed that his notion of black freedom is a very narrow one, freedom defind narrowly only at the right to work for wages but not the right for political voice and it comes to life he is seeking to build a coalition of his own that includes former planters and he abuses lincoln's amnesty policy, a key thing to this i try to underscore in the public while he focused rightly on emancipation, lincoln's signature policy, he has a second signature policy, the amnesty to defeat confederates, this was lincoln's bid again to appeal to disaffected southerners away from the confederacy, and back into the union. johnson abuses that amnesty policy with massive pardons to the very secessionist elites who north

the white south said ok, we have lost, but meantime, lincoln's election, andrew johnson becomes president, he seems to cut some slack for the white south. they go great, let's push for everything we can get, let's reinstitute as much slavery as possible. before republicans come back in to congress. right now, there is a -- president running everything. this sounds familiar, too, right? let's do what we can with this president. when republicans come back in after riots in new orleans and memphis and widespread violence against black people across the south, republicans say we cannot have lost 350,000 men for this. we must restore the purpose of the war. because the white south was running roughshod. the white south just keeps pushing and pushing and northern republicans essay ok, it is -- republicans say ok, it is going to take an amendment to the constitution that you have to support. you will have to allow black men to vote and be delegates. you have to rewrite the constitution before you come because you have shown us you are not sorry at all. you admit you were defeated but you do not

i think that was the case with andrew johnson. but i think that the bar has been lowered. it was lowered when republicans impeached clinton, and i argued that at the time. i think it essentially became a partisan tool it was the rest of the if you conduct a poll today and ask people what they thought of impeachment is going to be viewed through the partisan lens depending upon who the voter is. i think that is unfortunate, but it seems to be a part of that partisan back-and-forth. >> what did you think of the presidents walk to saint john's episcopal? >> guest: i supported it and released a statement at the time. i supported it for two reasons. number one because i think the president was making a strong and powerful statement by walking across the park to be taken over by criminals and by domestic terrorists too burned-out businesses, shoot police officers and in the case of st. john, tried to burn down one of the sacred spaces in the country. that's wrong, over the line and thiintothis honors the memory oe boyd. it's contrary to everything doctor martin luther king preac

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way is well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know exactly like all those in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerati

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way is well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like oh it was in arizona didn't see the vote it will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerating wi

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin to north korea in north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by age we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know exile for those in arizona didn't see that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerating witho

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin to north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by age where 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way is well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know exactly who was in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerating w

the watergate impeachment proceedings from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by impeachment we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some go of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like oh i was in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerat

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats who worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by impeachment with 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like oh it was in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trying critics you're e

the watergate impeachment proceedings from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin to north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some go of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like oh i was in arizona didn't see that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trying critics you're exaggerating withou

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principal way you were moved presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like i was in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerating wit

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way is well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's like oh it was in arizona didn't see the vote it will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trying critics you're exaggerating w

the watergate impeachment proceeding from the 3 that failed andrew johnson bill clinton and donald trump the democrats worked in watergate with republican sam ervin of north korea and north carolina worked with howard baker of tennessee and they produced a growing feeling. on a bipartisan basis that nixon had to go by ignoring that relatively recent precedent the democrats guaranteed the outcome we got that the and this this is a i think a very fundamental point about democratic theory the principle way you remove presidents is by elections not by. we're 4 months away from the next of those elections what is true blues is by a small margin do you expect him to go quietly or organize some going of bizarre national emergency to try and stay way well maybe you would tell me what evidence you have that he's planning to to create a bizarre national emergency you know it's 4 years in arizona didn't say that the vote will be the most corrupt election in the history of our country and we cannot let this happen so you're making the same mistake as many trump critics you're exaggerating without ad

after the war, chisholm saw a pardon from president andrew johnson and was the first confederate officer to go to washington, d.c. for that purpose. he sold his plantation, returned to new york, and became a shipping merchant. he had a great deal of money. but he valued his experience in the military so much that he saved all of his papers and donated them to the new york historical. did you look over this collection? what apart from the cipher key is in it? andery well arranged classified, and decoded at the historical society. there were scrapbooks, which are interesting. which he finds praiseworthy decreaseof beauregard as the years go on. key,there was the cipher which was a remarkable thing. happily for us, it was listed separately. certainly there was a cipher system that opens like a fan and can be coded. we have no idea how this works. must be some really secret code. chisholm was completely unreconstructed, which is sort of shocking. admirer of the confederacy for his entire life, wrote letters to the new york times defending beauregard. he was the head of the local chapter of t

george washington, graduated clemency to traders andrew johnson pardoned confederate soldier bill clinton pardoned his own brother that's what brothers are. bill clinton pardoned former cia director and his business partner suzanne mcdougal and biggest tax chute

george washington, graduated clemency to traders andrew johnson pardoned confederate soldier bill clinton pardoned his own brother that's what brothers are. bill clinton pardoned former cia director and his business partner suzanne mcdougal and biggest tax chu

with andrew johnson. the bar has really been lowered. it was lowered when republicans impeached clinton and i argued that at the time. i was in the room. i was at the christian coalition and certainly didn't agree with what bill clinton did in having the affair with an intern and lying about it under oath. given the idea that impeachment was dead on arrival in the senate should proceed. there were many people who felt this undermine the rule of law and i didn't disagree with that. it was cheap and even more. it was a partisan tool, you conduct a poll today and ask people what they thought of impeachment is going to be viewed through a partisan lens, it was unfortunate, seems to be part of that partisan back and forth. >> host: what did you think of the president's walk to st. john's episcopal? >> guest: i strongly supported, released a statement at the time to that effect, supported for two reasons, number one because the president was making a strong and powerful statement by walking across lafayette park that we are not going to allow

i think that was the case in 1867 with andrew johnson. but i think the bar has really been lowered. i think it was lowered when republicans impeached clinton and i argued that at the time. i was in the room. i was part of newt gingrich's speaker advisory group. i was then at the christian coalition and i certainly didn't agree with what bill clinton in having the affair with an intern and lying about it under oath, but i just questioned whether or not it was advisable, given the fact that that impeachment was dead on arrival in the senate to proce proceed. and i think i was right there. but you know, there were many people that felt that this undermined the rule of law and i certainly didn't disagree with that. i think it's been cheapened even more under pelosi. i think it essentially became a partisan tool and was a joke and i think that if you go out and you conduct a poll today and ask people what they thought of impeachment, i think it's going to be vowed through a partisan lens, depending upon who the voter is. i think that's unfortunate, but it seems to be part of that partisa

lincoln succeeded by andrew johnson. his vice president, became president when lincoln was assassinated. in the old view of reconstruction, johnson was sort of the hero pretty strike to step to the radical republicans pretty try to keep the south from under control of the white americans. in the radicals fulton. but he was defender of the constitution. now johnson is considered, one of the worst, maybe the worst president in american history. there were other contenders for being considered the worst president in american history. johnson is one. it was deeply, completely different from lincoln in every way. he was deeply racist. he was stubborn and unable to listen to criticism. unable to change his mind pretty didn't know how to work with congress. no sense of public sentiment. i ended up getting himself impeached, first president tried before the senate. he was acquitted. inconceivable that lincoln would have gotten him something to that kind of pics. so what might have happened. the battle between johnson and congres

george washington, graduated clemency to traders andrew johnson pardoned confederate soldier bill clinton pardoned his own brother that's what brothers are. bill clinton pardoned former cia director and his business partner suzanne mcdougal and biggest tax chute in history international fugitive mark rich after his wife donatinged half a million to clinton presidential library. barack obama, commuted the sentence of chelsea manning, who conspired with wikileaks and yeetd loved it. but trump commuted sentence of rodger stone who did not conspire with wikileaks and media hated it. see what was going on here there was never any evidence of collusion because there was never any collusion nobody has been ever charged with collusion or conspiracy with the russians. and it was charged in order to cover up a corrupt investigation. trump campaign was framed by the democrats, the cia and crooked fbi a littles we know and love. they planted doctors evidence and spy and illegally leaked and got caught. what happened was this, roger stone refused to get framed. so they tried to put him in jail. stone

impeachers, to the where they impeached andrew johnson. read what they say. read what frederick douglas said. they often don't say the same thing. then try to work it out for yourself. >> thank you so much. to -- we going to go will begin with a rising junior. go ahead, you should be able to unmute yourself and turn on your video. there you go. >> so nice to meet you. isave -- my first question what was your proudest moment while on the supreme court? good point.er: remember theard to pluses. the pluses are what you get to agree with you in the majority, and it is an important one. but the minuses, he did not get people to agree with you. a dissent i'm pleased with is the dissent i wrote in the affirmative action case. can you have affirmative action? i thought you could. my lockers, we spent a lot of time on that -- might law clerks, we spent a lot of time on that. you become proud of the work that you do. that is what oliver wendell holmes said. he calls it workmanship. it is not necessarily because you made a big plus on an issue that the country needs thi

george washington, graduated clemency to traders andrew johnson pardoned confederate soldier bill clinton pardoned his own brother that's what brothers are. bill clinton pardoned former cia director and his business

andrew johnson said no you can't do that pay what you are doing is for so giving african-american man writes that no other american man has because white american men are not labeled by name in any legislation. he said ewart giving rights to black men that you're giving to white men but then he says something huge through what you're doing is creating this giant federal government that is designed to give rights to black people the white men don't have. the only way to pay for those rights is by tax levees to tax dollars. what you are doing is redistributing wealth from the hard-working white people too lazy impoverished african-americans. that language right there is in the vetoes of two bills in 1886 and by 1871 southern democrats who want to get rid of black rights based on racial issues suddenly say you are having poor people that used to hold the fields are saying our tax dollars are supposed to be spent. it's right there we get the use of the word socialism. they say all the socialism in the south and how socialism has taken over america because the state legislators and the fed

also andrew johnson, widely thought to be one of the worst president we ever had. go figure, that is the company that put ike in in 60. two eisenhower was used as a foil, jon kennedy, after all, it's harder that it looks. wouldn't you? if you were kennedy's man use ike as a counter ploy, they were playing scrabble and i think that looks very pleasant, very lovely. but they had to work with this guy. so naturally there was a sharp contrast. it worked against eisenhower's memory against the oppression that was given to the public. the time of his death in 1960, nine at the age of 78, the press seemed uninterested, in time magazine, he concluded that eisenhower was more of a figure than a president. >> that's what he said about him in 1969 he was out of touch with the people he was a great soldier but he was a mediocre, maybe even a failure starting in the 19 eighties he started to become available, we went up adelaide you could read all kinds of wonderfully juicy details about the eisenhower period. this showed quite a different eisenhower, it showed that eisenhower

urgear and andrew johnson who is widely tout to be one of the worst presidents we ever had. so go figure. that is the company they put ike in in 1962. and during the kennedy years, the cam lot clan used eisenhower as a foil. to reflect glory on their young and dynamic john kennedy. and after all, it is harder than it looks. my students would all get this. wouldn't you if, if you were kennedy's advanced man use ike as the counter point. so on the one hand in 1954 eisenhower maybe playing scrabble and i think that looks pleasa pleasant and lovely but they have to work with this guy so naturally there was a sharp contrast. and it worked against eisenhower's memory against the impression that was given to the public. by the time of his death on march 28th, 1969, at the age of 78, the press seemed uninterested in ike and there was an obituary in "time" magazine concluding he was more of a figure head than a president. he was, quote, out of touch with his people. he was a great soldier but judged a mediocre or maybe even a failure as a president. starting in 1980s classified infor

however, the man who does it is andrew johnson. they're able to be reelected, immediately after the civil war without giving african american men the right to vote that philip with confederates, and we can to pass the black coats. they only apply to black people, and say that black people cannot meet after sundown, but it also had much more onerous laws attached, that each january african americans had to produce a document showing where they were going to work from the coming year. they were sentenced to work on a plantation to pay off the fine for the coming year, and the core of the black code list to end store slavery inform, if not in law. and the black old shocked a lot of people, it seemed that over 700,000 americans dead, the warm and more than that. and when congress came back into session the following december, a long struggle goes on with president johnson as what his vision of reconstruction would be. out of that comes the 14th amendment, which will be congress his terms of the south, and included in the language you j

johnson when he was impeached. it's kind of curious that this cigar maker could end up with one of the top lawyers in the nation representing him. that was not the case in lochner. who had just a regular old lawyer representing him who made serious mistakes as we can talk about later. >> so we're going to go to the next part of the story, he appeals his conviction under the bake shop law. >> and then it was a criminal conviction. i think he was actually incarcerated for it. i'm not sure, i think that is true. >> fined $50 the second time. >> but i think he might have not wanted to pay. so that may be why he went to jail. >> what can you tell about the pursuit of it in the new york courts? >> well, after he was convicted he did not actually -- defend himself. he just refused to plea. he said -- his attorney said he refused the plea because the act he was charged with did not constitute a crime. so it was just a vague statement. i think it was because he always intended to take it to the appeals court. that would be

one democrat, appointed by andrew johnson, the rest republicans, chief justice morrison wait, samuel freeman miller, william burnam woods, joseph bradley, harris gray, arthur t. stanley matthews, and in 1970, there was a famous survey of who were the great or near great justices. five of the members of that court, according to chief justice ended up as greats or near greats. can you tell us just briefly about the character and make up of the wait court? do you know anything about it? >> i've studied a little bit. i can tell you this much. if you take a look at bradley, harlan, wait and some of the others, these are individuals who i think very often greatness is foisted upon you. we were in a consequential period of time where some of the greatest issues of this country were being decided. and civil rights cases, the 1883 civil rights cases, krukshank and other cases similar to that established the framework by which we've mediated racial relationships now for more than 100 years. as danielle indicated the 1883 civil rights acts haven't been overturned, they haven't been. they are st

this president is a throwback to andrew johnson who succeeded abraham lincoln, and who started us to dismantling the reconstruction-era programs that held such great promise for america. so what he's trying to do is deconstruct so much of what barack obama and others did, to try to live out the meaning of this country. >> i have 100 other questions to ask you, i want to get to something that's affecting people. the unemployment insurance is running out at the end of the month. republicans don't want to re-up that. democrats do. i was speaking to a woman a moment ago, that is something that's helping to keep her afloat, because she had to choose between her child and her job. what are democrats going to do? what is congress going to do to make sure when this extra unemployment insurance runs out that there aren't thousands, hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions of people who will not be able to pay their bills? >> well, we're going to pass it in the house. democrats are in charge of the house, we're going to pass it. we'll send it to the senate, and the american people can look and

johnson. what about jfk? >> i met him once as a young girl i knew the family well. >> with the closest you got to roosevelt? >> i never saw franklin or eleanor personally the closest were there two cents before they died and then the children of those children were very helpfu helpful. >> of the three books in all the thinking about these politicians who is your favorite? >> i will always be most grateful to lyndon johnson but not for the reason that you might think. watching him the last years of his life on his ranch helping him with his memoirs was an experience to see a man who had no other resources than politics he did not know how to get to the day he had mocked meanings to figure out what to do throughout the day which cow was given the itch medicine what tractors he had to have meetings like they were in the white house at night he cannot go to sleep until he knew how many people were coming to the library he went to my people go through their then kennedy. free donuts or coffee or an

andrew: none at all. agonyas a source of real to lyndon johnson. it was a set of the vice presidency is it is where you went to die. it certainly was when teddy to mckinley,ame vp but then the president died, and that is what happened to lbj. lbj was not happy as vice president. kennedy had isolated him -- not so much jack but bobby, there was a raging contempt for each other. because bobby was closer to jack, lyndon johnson was shut out and he is not part of these two days. although he makes a very memorable speech about 30 days before in which he uses morality and talks about the morality of the american presidency and what it should be doing for the american black. but these two days he is not present and he is not much present beyond the space program. this is an extremely difficult time for him. als with this. he was shrunken in a most invisible in the kennedy administration. jackie kennedy did try -- jack kennedy tried on several occasions to make him feel at home but he did not trust him as much as he could have. lyndon johnson would become

andrew: none at all. this was a source of real agony to lyndon johnson. it was a set of the vice presidency is it is where you went to die. it certainly was when teddy roosevelt became vp to mckinley, but then the president died, and that is what happened to lbj. lbj was not happy as vice president. kennedy had isolated him -- not so much jack but bobby, there was a raging contempt for each other. because bobby was closer to jack, lyndon johnson was shut out and he is not part of these two days. although he makes a very memorable speech about 30 days before in which he uses morality and talks about the morality of the american presidency and what it should be doing for the american black. but these two days he is not present and he is not much present beyond the space program. this is an extremely difficult time for him. robert caro deals with this. he was shrunken in a most invisible in the kennedy administration. jack kennedy tried on several occasions to make him feel at home but he did not trust him as much as he could have. lyndon johnson would becom

andrew: none at all. this was a source of real agony to lyndon johnson. it was said of the vice presidency is it is where you went to die. it certainly was when teddy roosevelt became vp to mckinley, but then the president died, and that is what happened to lbj. lbj was not happy as vice president. kennedy had isolated him -- not so much jack but bobby, there was a raging contempt for each other. because bobby was closer to jack, lyndon johnson was shut out and he is not part of these two days. although he makes a very memorable speech about 30 days before in which he uses morality and talks about the morality of the american presidency and what it should be doing for the american black. but these two days he is not present, and actually he is not much present beyond the space program. this is an extremely difficult time for him. robert caro deals with this. he was shrunken and almost invisible in the kennedy administration. did try jack kennedy hard on several occasions to make him feel at home, but he did not trust him as much as he could have. lyndon j

. >> while we are on mask patrol new york governor andrew cuomo and mayor van johnson was spotted elbow bumping with no mask. notable because both have been very strict on mask policies. after georgia governor brian kemp refused order a statewide mask mandate mayor johnson said the governor does not give a damn about us. kristen. >> the president has become -- canceling the florida component of the republican convention, all part of the shifting strategy as he continues to trail joe biden in nashville and battleground staples. peter doocy tells us where things stand tonight. >> trump 2020 look different in april. >> hopefully in the not too distant future we will have some massive rallies. >> than it does in july. >> we are going to do some other things with tele rallies. >> the transition away from trump's trademark rallies comes days after the president install the new campaign manager who told fox on a zoom call he believes trump can flip minnesota and can win the electoral college even if he only wins one of these three states, wisconsin or michigan. polls don't measure support like

borish prime minister johnson says the u.s. government has not approached his of administration to request an interview with prince andrew over his alleged ties to jeffrey epstein. during an interview on the radio today, johnson declined to comment on whether britain would comply if such a demand was made. ♪ prosecutors in the u.s. say prince andrew has refused to cooperate with investigators probing epstein's sex crimes. his lawyer says that is not true. epstein's longtime friend, ghislaine maxwell, it was arrested on friday. global news, 24 hours a day, on air and @quicktake by bloomberg, powered by more than 2700 journalists and analysts in over 120 countries. i am the end guerin. this is bloomberg. nejra. much. thank you so german lawmakers have ended a standoff of the europeans buying, votingnd to back the program seen as key to propping up the euro area battered economy. rules of purchases could be legal, but the vote music the bundesbank can stay in the program. the citigroup economics director, christian schulz, joins