i know that david rubenstein has a fantastic program with you. enjoy. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome president and ceo of the lbj foundation. >> thank you. good evening. welcome to our lineage and legacy, the stories of the presidential descendants panel. in january 2017, before their father left the white house, sasha and leah obama received a letter from barbara and jenna bush, the first daughters who preceded them in the white house. take all that you have seen, they advised the obama girls, the people you have met, the lessons you have learned, and let that help guide you in making positive change. being the descendent of a president, while a great honor, comes with inherent challenges and responsibilities. the participants in our panel this evening has gracefully embraced the legacies of their presidential descendants and used them to make their own positive contributions to the world. matthew mckinley is descended from two presidents. he is the great-grand nephew of william mckinley, our 25th president, and the great-great gran

i know that david rubenstein has a fantastic program with you. enjoy. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome president and ceo of bj -- lbj foundation. >> thank you. good evening. welcome to our lineage and legacy, the stories of the presidential descendants panel. in january 2017, before their father left the white house, sasha and leah obama received a letter from barbara and jenna bush, the first daughters who preceded them in the white house. take all that you have seen, they advised the obama girls, the people you have met, the lessons you have learned, and let that help guide you in making positive change. being the descendent, while a great honor, comes with inherent challenges and responsibilities. the participants in our panel this evening has gracefully embraced the legacies of their presidential descendants and used them to make their own positive contributions to the world. matthew mckinley is descended from two presidents. he is the great-grand nephew of william mckinley, our 25th president, and the great-great grandson of our 2

i know that david rubenstein has a fantastic program with you. enjoy. [applause] >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome president and ceo of the lbj foundation. [applause] >> thank you. good evening. welcome to our lineage and legacy, the stories of the presidential descendants panel. in january 2017, before their father left the white house, sasha and malia obama received a letter from barbara and jenna bush, the first daughters who preceded them in the white house. take all that you have seen, they advised the obama girls, the people you have met, the lessons you have learned, and let that help guide you in making positive change. being the descendent of a president, while a great honor, comes with inherent challenges and responsibilities. the participants in our panel this evening have gracefully embraced the legacies of their presidential descendants and used them to make their own positive contributions to the world. matthew mckinley is descended from two presidents. he is the great-grand nephew of william mckinley, our 25th president, and the gre

he will be talking with david rubenstein from carlyle group. this is bloomberg. ♪ ceo ken frazier -- the merck ceo ken frazier joins david rubenstein. david: the ceo and chairman of mark is my special guest. thank you very much for doing this. ken: it is a pleasure. david: you are surrounded by things that look like merck products. are you in your office? ken: i am. i try to come here three days at a minimum. david: have you been working remotely during the crisis? ken: i have been working a mixture of both. i like to be around my family and spouse, but we still have a lot of people left to work here. we have 17,000 people working in laboratories or production facilities. it makes sense to show up every once in a while. david: if you are a pharmaceutical company, especially one working on covid-19 back scenes, do you need -- vaccines, do you need permission? ken: no state troopers ever stop me. david: let's talk about vaccines. merck is one of the great vaccine manufacturers of the world. you were among the original people that did the measle

mcmillon joinsg david rubenstein on the retailer 's reaction to the virus. romaine: we are going to talk about what actually happened in washington today. the professional football team down there said it will retire the team's name and logo. financialnd other partners were potentially pulling out of deals with the team. joining us, from the navajo nation, the lead plaintiff in blackhorse versus pro football inc. which sucked to remove trademark for that -- which sought to remove trademark for that name of the team. this is a name that has been around for decades, was trademarked i believe back in the 1960's, and was almost immediately contested. why did it take 50-plus years for this thing to finally be retired? i think this has to do with invisibility of natives today. we have done everything in our power to try to get the washington team to change. i think just recently, the reason why it happened is just because of the unrest in this country and people understanding more about what racial injustice is. i am talking about after the murder of george floyd

he joins david rubenstein next. on the and its big bet future of e-commerce. ♪ emily: walmart is working on whether in the covid-19 storm. hiring thousands of workers to meet surging consumer demand. earlier, walmart ceo doug mcmillon spoke with david rubenstein. take a listen to what he had to say. doug: we sell food and consumables and things people really needed during this crisis. our form is retail as deemed as essential. in the u.s. and in countries around the world. we have stayed open mostly throughout the crisis selling food, consumables and other things people need in stores and also online. you are right. you are alluding to the fact e-commerce has grown during this time and that has certainly been the case with us. david: for everybody who is watching, how many total stores does walmart have? doug: around the world, 11,484. in the u.s., we have around 4700 stores that are walmart supercenter and neighborhood markets. we have another 600 sam clubs in the u.s.. emily: you have 2.4 million associates. dou

evans, president of alibaba, along with david rubenstein. now, tiktok is reportedly suspending talk to build a global headquarters in the u.k. this on the back of the uk's decision to ban the chinese telecom, huawei, from its next-generation networks. joining us to discuss is bloomberg's shelly banjo who has been covering this story. now tictoc has become number one example of the fallout from these u.s.-china tensions. shelly: that is exactly right. tiktok has been trying to really portrayed itself is not is a chinese company. a lot of the grief they have gotten was the ownership of one of the companies, one of china's largest tech companies. what tiktok is trying to show is we are not a chinese company, we are a global company. they are trying to say we will create a global headquarters out of china that will serve as tiktok's headquarters. this will be the first place they are looking. london is one of their biggest operations. they also have large spaces in new york, dublin, los angeles and singapore. emily: talk to us about tiktok's bro

david rubenstein and none other than mike evans up next. this is bloomberg. ♪ caroline: leadership live starts with the david rubenstein, and this time it is mike evans him.ng how the chinese e-commerce company is navigating covid-19 and the rising u.s. china tension. take a listen. david: michael evans, the president of alibaba. welcome, michael. michael: thank you, david, nice to be with you. david: where are you coming from? michael: you are getting me in canada where my -- where i have spent a couple of time -- spent a lot of time. david: i should disclose that people who don't know michael well that michael is a canadian, but he also is beyond being a business executive, he was an olympic athlete who won a gold medal in the 1984 olympics. what was that like to win a gold medal? michael: well, the thrill of victory, for sure. it also, very emotional experience. and full disclosure, i did it with my twin brother in the boat well. that was a particularly unusual and unique moment in our relationship and for our family. david: so you are

president mike evans spoke earlier with david rubenstein. respects, isn some a huge e-commerce company like amazon. but in almost every other respect, completely different. it's core operations are in china. it has a very large cloud business, very large e-commerce business. very significant logistics business. it has become the leader in china with more than a trillion overdollars of sales and 700 million consumers. what it does internationally and particularly in the u.s. is still a mystery to most people because we don't have a platform in the u.s., so we are not here selling products the same way that an amazon or ebay or other e-commerce platforms would do. what we do is we sell tens of billions of u.s. dollars of great american products from brands, retailers, even farmers, to the chinese consumer directly. it is a business that continues to grow. particularly in the covid environment, the chinese consumer has become so important to many u.s. brands and small businesses because that is where they see growth and the ability to benefit.

anna: very interesting conversation with the merck ceo, ken frazier speaking with david rubenstein. next, angela merkel urges the eu to rise to its biggest challenge in its history and agree on a recovery plan. this is bloomberg. ♪ matt: welcome back to "bloomberg markets: european open." we are 45 minutes into the trading day and looking at a mixed picture. germany showing big gains, more than 100 points. the ftse and cac are down or unchanged. let's get to the bigger picture. chancellor angela merkel urged the eu to rise to the biggest challenge in its history, and come to an agreement on a recovery plan. merkel spoke to the european parliament, calling for a compromise from all sides, as germany takes on the eu presidency. merkel has been blunt about the scope of europe's economic fallout, even as the eu wrestles with jeep little tensions with an emerging chinese superpower and u.s. retrenching under president trump. to talk about this, we are joined by sudha david-wilp, deputy director: berlin, german marshall fund of us. thank you for coming back to the program. let me ask fi

he spoke with david rubenstein. toi think our approach coming up with vaccines is we try to make sure we are focused on the on the science. funding considerations are secondary. we are working on two different vaccines right now. both of those vaccines have certain things in common. the first of which is we believe they can confer protection with a single dose, which we think is extremely important. most of these vaccines give the promise of being able to do be deployed broadly. there is never been one vaccine that had to be given to every person on the earth. all 7.5 billion. the last thing is we wanted to use proven platforms. that is to say, if you think about a vaccine, let's give an analogy. the front end of the vaccine is the protein that stimulates the immune system and gets -- system against the particular virus, sars cov 2, which causes covid-19. that gets plugged into a platform, which is like the hardware. the two platforms we have chosen are platforms that have already been approved by the fda. one is th

he spoke david rubenstein. approach tour coming up with vaccines is we try to make sure we are focused only on the science. funding considerations to us our secondary. we're working on two different vaccines. of those vaccines have certain things in common. confereve they both can protection with a single dose which we think is extremely important. promise ofse give a being able to be deployed broadly. in the history of the world, there has never been one vaccines that has had to be given to every person on the earth. we wanted tog is use proven platforms. that is to say, if you think about a vaccine let's give an analogy trade the front end of the vaccine is the antigen or the protein that stimulates the immune system and gets the particular virus. that gets plugged into what we call a platform which is like the hardware. the two platforms we have chosen have already been approved by the fda in different contexts. one is the measles virus platform. measles virus back seen has been given to millions people -- m

rubenstein. so we are doing the best we can to make this a public-private partnership and it is moving forward, we are excited, and it is going to be a real gem for the library. representative: what is the timeline for completion? >> we are working on that. thee are complicated, with money being released a little at a time. i will get you a more firm answer on that. representative: thank you. i yield back. chairman lowey: mr. kilmer is recognized. thankentative: i want to chairman ryan and ranking member herrera beutler for their leadership and the work of staff on this. ensuring that the house is equipped to uphold its article one responsibilities and act as a full coequal branch of government is absolutely essential. i appreciate your work on behalf of this institution. i would like to thank you for including some initiatives of the select committee on modernization of congress in the bill. i had the honor of serving as chair of the committee, working , andextraordinary partners the committee's

he spoke earlier with carlisle cofounder david rubenstein. approach tour coming up with vaccines is, we try to make sure we are focused only on the science. funding considerations are secondary. we are working on two different vaccines right now. both of those vaccines have certain things in common. can conferthey both protection with a single dose, which we think is important. most vaccines give the promise of being controlled broadly. in the history of the world there has never been one vaccine that has been given to every person on the earth. we wanted to use proven platforms, that is to say, if you think about a vaccine, let's give a little analogy, the front end of the vaccine is the into jen or the protein that stimulates against a particular virus. 2.this case, sars cov that sort of like the hardware. the two platforms we have chosen our platforms that have been approved by fda in different contexts. one is the measles virus platform. measles virus vaccine has been given to millions of people around the world safely. the second one is

and tonight on leadership life, david rubenstein speaks with alibaba president mike evans. don't miss that. this is bloomberg. ♪ francine: the hardline view. europe's so-called "frugal four" are set to be ready to accept doling out 390 billion euros in grants as recovery funds talks stretch into a fourth day. julius baer kicks off european bank earnings with a record first-half profit. the bank's chief executive tells manus cranny continued volatility will boost trading. and the pandemic continues to spread in the u.s. florida's infection rate surges, and l.a. is on the verge of another shutdown. a medical journal is due to publish more information on oxford's vaccine trial. well, good morning, everyone, and welcome to "bloomberg surveillance." i'm francine lacqua, here in london. tom keene in new york. we have a number of things we need to talk about. could morning to you. i've missed you tom, last week. nice to have you back in the studio. tom: you missed me last week. francine: i know we have always had merkel on the e.u. summit. closely howing ministers brief reporter

rubenstein and please join us for that conversation so we can learn more about our constitution. terminates events but in fact i do want to interview our guest and moderator doctor karen wolf. and also from the institute of american history to institute of volume and mary and working on a project so welcome. >> thank you so much. i'm joining you from my dining room. >> where is that quick. >> i'm just roundabout way in maryland right now. >> welcome. i will not intrude any longer. looking forward to the talk. >> thank you so much. so for all of you i'm sorry were not together in person for this conversation but also some of the most important and challenging issues in early history thank you to mount vernon for bringing us together my family loved visiting mount vernon but you may not be surprised to know one of the lasting contributions is supporting research new information new questions and then essential for the nation and the contributions to interpretation but also those like we are talking about this evening. in the lecture series we are grappling with core issues how do w

later today, david rubenstein with the leadership of walmart. this is bloomberg. good morning. ♪ it's pretty inspiring the way families redefined the word 'school' this year. it's why, at xfinity, we're committed to helping kids keep learning through the summer. and help college students studying at home stay connected through our university program. we're providing affordable internet access to low income families through our internet essentials program. and this summer, xfinity is creating a virtual summer camp for kids at home- all on xfinity x1. we're committed to helping all families stay connected. learn more at xfinity.com/education. more voluminous hair instantly. all it takes is just one session at hairclub. introducing xtrands. xtrands adds hundreds or even thousands of hair strands to your existing hair at the root. they're personalized to match your own natural hair color and texture, so they'll blend right in for a natural, effortless look. call in the next five minutes and when you buy 500 strands, you get 500 strands free. call right now. (upbeat

coming up on leadership why would david ridge sign -- david rubenstein, speaking with mike everts about how the chief commerce giant is navigating the covid-19 crisis. that interview, 4:30 p.m. in new york, 9:30 p.m. in london. right here on bloomberg. ♪ >> many of those cases are young people who will heal in a day. they have the sniffles, and we put it down as a test. i guess it is like any 9.7%. people are going to get better, and in many cases, they will get better very quickly. audience, anglobal extraordinary sunday for the president and this nation. oft was with chris wallace fox news. it was a contentious interview by all opinion get a lot of fact checking of the president and his posturing about mr. biden as we stagger towards an election. right now with a perspective on this is a man with a wonderful cv. peter trubowitz is a professor within lse's prestigious to national relations office. do you buy the polls? thell remember in 2016 when polls did not work. do you show -- do you buy the polls that show mr. biden ahead? prof. trubowitz: yes, if the election were today, biden

ceong up later, the walmart joins david rubenstein for the latest installment of leadership live, today at 4:30 eastern. this is bloomberg. ♪ mark: i'm mark crumpton with bloomberg first word news. wear a face covering's in confined spacious such shops. he added the government would be making an announcement in the coming days and whether they should be mandatory in those settings. >> the mandatory on public transport, but they have value where youd spaces, are coming into contact with people that you don't normally meet. what has been interesting on the face coverings issue in the last few months is that the scientific evaluation of face coverings, their importance in stopping aerosol droplets, that has been growing. masks were made mandatory in scotland. prime minister johnson government will launch a campaign to urge businesses to prepare for the end of the exit -- brexit transition period. only a quarter of directors say they are ready. meantime, british authorities say they will spend $890 million on new border infrastructure. china is imposing sanctions on marco rubio and ted cr

ofid rubenstein is the host "the david rubenstein show," which appears on bloomberg. its has agreed to sell online classifieds business for $9.2 billion to get ebay will get $2.5 billion of cash and 540 million shares in the norwegian firm. global news 24 hours a day, on air and on quicktake by bloomberg, powered by more than 2700 journalists and analysts in more than 120 countries. i'm riddick is a -- i'm riddick upta.up to -- i'm ritika g this is bloomberg. ♪ ♪ now aope as a whole has chance to come out stronger from the crisis. today we have taken a historic but we can be all proud of, another important step remains ahead of us. jonathan: i think we all hope europe can come out of this a lot stronger. ursula von der leyen there, european commission president. alongside tom keene and lisa abramowicz, i'm jonathan ferro. one hour and 12 minutes away from your opening bell in new york city, here's the price action. it is risk on worldwide. equity market up 25 on the s&p, 0.8%. treasury market unchanged at 62 basis points on the 10 year. foreign exchange, it is tha

david rubenstein on his wonderful program on leadership, with mr. fraser of the merck company. this is bloomberg. good morning. ♪ francine: this is "bloomberg surveillance." tom and renting from london and tiffany in new york. we are back with trooper from blackrock. america,ook at latin look at the coronavirus rampaging through out the moment, how difficult is it to forecast because we are still really in the middle of it? >> a very volatile situation. even in latin america, we see the virus flattening out. even in hard to countries like brazil we see activity continue to recover. clear short-term, with attempts and china to ramp up the stock market, you could get a tailwind for em assets, particularly under own. if we get a value recovery, em will participate in that. longer-term, i think it is difficult to make a case for em. em, credit are looking tight relative to fundamentals. em countries are more exposed to her down -- prolonged slowdown. there is the short-term case for this em recovery to continue, but i find it difficult to take a big structural view in that asset

rubenstein national center for white house history she will be talking with doctor lindsey the author of the book that we are celebrating in wall street today. it is all yours. >> thank you. im so delighted to be here with everybody this evening to celebrate my colleagues book launch of the cabinet i want to remind everybody that is tuning in on facebook that if you have questions, we will be taking questions from the audience at the end of the program. type your questions into the comments section of the facebook feed and we will get to as many questions as possible at the conclusion of the program. without further delay i want to start talking about this terrific book the cabinet. there've been many books written about george washington, books about the time in the revolutionary war general and books written about his time as president of the united states. there's been a lot of scholarship on the precedent-setting activities. however, there's never been a treatment of washington's creation of the cabinet. why do you think that is? >> guest: most people assume that because washingto

earlier, alibaba president michael evans spoke to david rubenstein. they discussed the impact of the coronavirus and u.s.-china tensions on alibaba's business. michael: people are always surprised when i sit down with the u.s. government official and talk to them about what we are doing in the united states. in the become very supportive when they start to understand the impact and the scale of what is being sold by american companies to the chinese consumer. and the may have had misperceptions of what we have been doing based on what other chinese companies have been doing. they are very supportive and they understand that is going to be our core mission in the u.s. going forward. david: many of the ceos with whom i have talked on the show say their employees are working remotely but some of them don't really want to come back to work until there is a vaccine. or if there's a vaccine, they say i can work from home efficiently. are your employees in the u.s. and china actually interested in working from home more than they did before? michael: the bul

ceo doug mcmillon talk about the company's vision with david rubenstein. >> we think that physical presence, those clinics, combined with digital capabilities in the future, will enable us to lower the cost of health care. preventative, high quality accessible health care for americans. s,ere may be other bolt-on including some forms of insurance that we could offer to make it more effective for customers. taylor: joining us now is a morgan stanley analyst. walmart is a says sleeping giant in health care sector. the last time we spoke was in 2018 at the annual shareholders meeting. two years ago, you were also optimistic on the company. talk about what they have done in the past couple of years that really makes you even more relatively bullish on walmart. scale: besides being a leader and/or winner in this growing multichannel market, they are starting to knock on the door of health care. we have talked about this in bios us of retail and health care over the past couple of years, the idea of, is there a way to lower cost of health care to customers and employers? walmart is one of the lar

please join us for that conversation with the judge and david rubenstein so that we can learn more about his exploration. tonight's events will involve three panelists. but i will describe you. but i do want to introduce our guests. doctor karen wolf who is historian and also the director. and professor of history and every cent washington library fellow. and she was working on a project in this way came to the library the project that is coming soon. when a soon predict a lineage in the history of genealogy in our america. karen, welcome. >> thank you so much kevin. it's so nice to say hello to you for my dining room. >> weiser dining room. it. >> just a roundabout way from you i think. i'm in rock hill maryland right now. >> will welcome. i'm not going to intrude any longer. if i'm going to ask you to introduce our panelist tonight. as & i'm looking forward to the talk. it. >> thank you much. we appreciate that created self hello to all of you . welcome. i'm really sorry there were not together in person for this conversation about a really interesting person. but also about some of th

we can now speak to dr rashawn ray who's a david m rubenstein fellow in governance studies at the brookings institution. we will come to the man himself ina we will come to the man himself in a moment but i am going to start, we are 2a hours on from the news being announced. what do you make of the reaction that we have seen from so many people over the last 2a hours? imean, i people over the last 2a hours? i mean, i think that the reaction has in widespread. not just in the united states across the world. and i think it highlights thatjohn lewis was a revolutionary figure. and of course he has a several quotes but one of the ones i a lwa ys quotes but one of the ones i always think about is when he says, "getting good trouble, necessary trouble, and redeem the soul of america". i think this is where we are in moment, not just around the this is where we are in moment, notjust around the united states but around the world and i think you will be a galvanising light moving forward to november to put the united states on a different course. so interesting you quote those words because we spok

it's coming up next week, of course i heard you tell david rubenstein you had considered whether or not to delay it to september but obviously in the end you decided not to do that what was the calculus behind keeping it in july >> i reached out to a lot of different constituents on this issue. it was something i wanted to carefully weigh. first, all of the accountants in the accountant industry whereas last time they were concerned about getting taxes in, not only did they assure me they could get it done but they encouraged me there's about 30 billion of refunds we want to get to people they also wanted to make sure they didn't get backed up into next tax season. that was something that was very important. and also, i heard from many of the states it created tremendous revenue problems for them when we postponed it beforehand. but i just want to assure anybody who has a specific hardship, they can go to irs.com and go online. the irs will enter into payment plans for people with hardships. i think we got to right combination. . >> you mentioned revenue hardship for states. as you try

rubenstein. we are trying to make this a public-private partnership so it is moving forward. we are excited about it and i think it will be a real gem for the library. >> what is the timeline for completion? >> we are working on fat. these are complicated, the money being released a little bit at a time. a firmed up answer on that. >> i yield back. >> mister killer is recognized. >> i want to thank chairman ryan and ranking member butler for their leadership and staff on this. ensuring that the house is equipped to uphold its article 1 responsibilities and act as a coequal branch of government is essential and i appreciate your work on behalf of this institution. i would like to thank you for including the initiatives of the select committee on modernization of congress. working with vice chair tom graves and extraordinary partners including mister newhouse and the guiding principle to make congress work better for the american people, our committees unanimously passed 45 recommendations to impro

rubenstein. we're trying to make this public-private partnership so it was, we are excited about it. it's going to be a real gem for the library excellent. what is the timeline for completion? >> we are working on that. as you know, complicated money being released a little bit at a time. share a more informed opinions on that later. >> thank you. i feel that. >> i want to thank chairman brian and member butler for the ship and the work of the staff on this. house is equipped to uphold its articles on responsibilities and act as a fully coequal branch of government, it is essential and i appreciate your work on behalf of this institution. it also from especially like to think you for including the initiatives of the meeting on the modernization of congress serving as chair, the committee vice chair tom and extranet partners including mr. newhouse and the guiding is to make congress work better for the american people. our committees unanimously passed 45 recommendations to improve lake congress w

rubenstein. so we are doing the best we can to make this a public-private partnership and it is moving forward, we are excited, and it is going to be a real gem for the library. representative: what is the timeline for completion? >> we are working on that. thee are complicated, with money being released a little at a time. i will get you a more firm answer on that. representative: thank you. i yield back. chairman lowey: mr. kilmer is recognized. thankentative: i want to chairman ryan and ranking member herrera beutler for their leadership and the work of staff on this. ensuring that the house is equipped to uphold its article one responsibilities and act as a full coequal branch of government is absolutely essential. i appreciate your work on behalf of this institution. i would like to thank you for including some initiatives of the select committee on modernization of congress in the bill. i had the honor of serving as chair of the committee, working , andextraordinary partners the committee's

rubenstein national center for white house history and chairs our presidential site summit committee wherer every two years we convene across the country, it will happen in september of 2020 in dallas, texas. she is the executive in residence for congressional studies at american university. anita is a leading authority on the role and history of first ladies. she herself has worked for four presidents and was chief of staff to first lady laura bush. we have patricia matson with us tonight who was a speechwriter and press assistant for patricia nixon and continued in the office of the first lady for betty ford and has had an extremely distinguished career in strategic communications including many years in senior roles at capital city's abc. and our dear friend betty who worked for 30 years retiring as chief curator. betty is a great colleague for us here at the association. she has worked with us and continues to work with us on many projects. she authored our book on major -- our major decorative arts in the white house book, available in our book shop. she's a consultant to our wh

rubenstein has been a great benefactor and cannot be here today but deserves a great things cochairman of the new board we have for the festival and its many members are here and we thank them. finally thank you to the authors and their publishers for making the books and coming alive here at the book festival at the national mall making in a landmark and continuing event here in washington. [applause] >> and nobel laureate we begin the festival this year the nobel laureate in literature yesterday and nobel laureate and neuroscience talking to the library of congress said i have reached the conclusion that the human brain is wired for narrative so we close the festival today with a man who has drawn more of us than you can imagine into a fresh and in new ways many parts of the unique narrative that is the history of the united states of america. twice won the pulitzer prize for truman and then john adams. but pulled them out of the relative neglect they had received compared to the presidents preceded and succeeded them. adams was president between washington and jefferson truman betwe