and it began to colonialize which brings us now to colonialization. and it's when you establish control over indigenous people. in 1493, a year after columbus in 1492 went to sail the ocean blue, they found the kingdom of congo in angola. we know so much from his writings. very different than what we learn in our history books, but he said it was such an advanced civilization. he said they lived in cities, much like the cities that were existing in portugal at the time. they had a form of government. they were very sophisticated. they had very sophisticated languages. i happen to find it very interesting. my first experience with africans, i'm sure many of you are the same, was the only language they had was four syllables. but to learn they had a very developed language. not only did they have a developed language and religion, the portuguese and the they were educated in spain, portugal and rome. how do we know that? it's in the colonial records. but something happened and i'm really truncating this because you're going to buy the book. but somethin

it's in the colonial records. but something happened, and obviously, i am truncating this, but something happened. despite the good, long, strong relationship, when they found silver underneath the royal city, yes, you named it, they were determined to take control. in the fall of 1618, they sent 36 ships loaded with sailors and are meant to take control. in january and february of 1619, the royal africans were beaten. 4000 were captured, approximately. whatever you try to take over a government, obviously, take the most educated, the landowners, those of prestige, those are the ones who were captured. the last ship to arrive was the first ship to leave, and that was the san on bautista. because was the first to leave, it had the most of the royals on it. while they were placed on 36 slave ships, it's important to understand, 350 left on the san juan bautista. but that ship was pirated by two english ships, illegally pirated, by two english ships that almost led england and spain back into a war that no one wanted

a colonial revival town. there was this romantic idea of old, virginia. in the 1970s at the time of the bicentennial with the rise of the serious study of american material culture. and the stress on the foundation's new curriculum on inclusiveness and social history the costume started becoming better researched and more accurate today the costume design center creates and maintains accurate costumes for all the employees of the historic area. 59,000 articles of clothing are owned by the foundation. they are made altered stored cleaned and tracked for 834 people in 1500 positions. there were clothing of the period between 1769 and 1781 with 1774 as a base interpretive year. the accuracy of costumes frees the wear to embody and communicate their version of their personas role in the 18th century. through interpretation one is able to express. deeply held personal values. colonial williamsburg allows for the expression of multiple messages that are embedded in his overarching educational mission. costume inter

it's in the colonial records. but something happened and obviously i'm really trunkating this because you're going to buy the book but something happened and despite that third long strong relationship portugal had with angola, when they found silver underneath the royal city, yep, you named it. they were determined to take control of the city. and in the falloff 1618, they sent 36 ships loaded with sailers and armament to take control of the city. and in january, february of 1619, the royal africans. approximately 4,000 were captured. whenever you try to take over government, you obviously take the most educated, the land owners, those of prestige, those were the ones that were captured. now, the last ship to arrive was the first ship to leave and that was the san juan batiste. and because it was the first ship to leave t had the most royal of the royals on it. now, while they were placed on 36 slave ships, it's really important to understand that 350 left on san juan batista. but that was by two english ships, i

but how many of its treasures are colonial blood antiquities. the homeless forum has brought the issue of looted art center stage. it's not the 1st time that berlin has been at the heart of a debate about imperialism. the african continent promised the colonial rulers wealth and power. colonial expansion was in full flow when in $884.00 german chancellor to fund bismarck invited european diplomats to berlin for what would go down in history as the congo conference. there they drew up a framework to regulate european colonization and trade in africa overriding most existing forms of african autonomy and self governance britain france portugal belgium and germany all scrambled for their share they carved up the continent between them arbitrarily drawing up borders that partly exist to this day. many former colonies are still struggling to gain economic independence to resolve lingering conflicts over those arbitrarily drawn borders and to overcome the sense of inferiority instilled in them by the colonial masters. there's a lot of colonial mentali

there's a lot of colonial mentality people thinking. we have nothing we have nothing we were never anything but so right to be like the cannot must us in order to. get it as human beings but this narrative is coming to falls. in the bar has opened his studio and been in city to young artists many of them explore the trauma of colonial rule in their creative work. was sad to see keep blends paint with sand from eagle in st the historical home of the bay name bronze casters. when you're preparing the back row with a scarf and black roll main thing itself always has to be difficult. so that is the connection on the soul and it'll be tricky because you have to go to the books too because we don't have the cisco object c.s.o. economies that relates to this thins one on one. so we must attend to stories concerning the queen on our deeds is and again our young people can see this excellent representation which i mean by our sister wasn't as proud of. the queen is proud of because western art. is made up of subjects of 4 forms which are billion

because the colonies, as time moves forward, or at least many people of the political class and his colonies will start to go dissatisfied by the way the british government is treating them. it is affecting their lives locally, and of course, one of the other side issues is americans living and the colonies, do not get to vote in british elections. so when the parliament in london makes laws for americans, the most famous being the various taxes and such that we learned about school. we will say that this is taxation without representation. it is the idea that you are not getting the voice. thomas jefferson would break in a declaration of independence of that government existed with the consent and the govern, and the americans feeling that they are not getting the consent. especially when it starts disappearing locally as well as connected to the home countries in london, they are really going to get this going the satisfaction. so, this room is long and used by pennsylvania. but in 1775, pennsylvania will be inviting the congress to mental congress and their space. the common -- continenta

it is in the colonial records. but something happened, and obviously i am really true dictating this because you're going to buy the book -- true nacating this because you're going to buy the book, but they found silver underneath the royal city. they were determined to take control of the city. in the fall of 1618, they sent 36 ships to take control of the city. in january and february of 1619, the royal africans were beaten. 4000 were captured. when you try to take over the government, you take the most educated, the land owners, those of prestige, those were the ones that were captured. the last ship to arrive was the first ship to leave, and that was the san juan batista. because it was the first ship to leave, it had the most royal of the royals on it. 350 slaves left on the san juan batista, but that ship was pirated by two english ship -- illegally pirated by two english ships, which almost led england and spain back into a costly war, which no one wanted. this is what the san juan batista looked like, this

brenda ross, the person in charge of the costume said that colonial williamsburg at this time was a colonial revival town. there was this romantic idea of old virginia. in the 1970s, at the time the bicentennial, with the rise of a serious study of american material culture, and the stress on the foundations new curriculum on inclusiveness and social history, the costumes started becoming better researched and more accurate. today the costume design center creates and maintains accurate costumes for all of the employees of the historic area. 59 articles of clothing are owned by the foundation. they are, meade altered, stored, period of 69 to 81 with 1774 as a peace interpretive year. the accuracy of costumes free to wear and embody their persona's rule in the 18th century. through interpretation, one is able to express deeply held personal values. colonial williamsburg alas with expression of multiple passages that are embedded in his overarching educational mission. costume interpreters are able to personally interpret the message while staying within the frame of the foundation. the founda

but how many of its treasures are colonial blood antiquities. the homeless forum has brought the issue of looted art center stage. it's not the 1st time that berlin has been at the heart of a debate about imperialism. the african continent promised the colonial rulers wealth and power. colonial expansion was in full flow when in 1904 german chancellor to fund bismarck invited european diplomats to berlin for what would go down in history as the congo conference. there they drew up a framework to regulate european colonization and trade in africa overriding most existing forms of african autonomy and self governance britain france portugal belgium and germany all scrambled for their share they carved up the continent between them arbitrarily drawing up borders that partly exist to this day. many former colonies are still struggling to gain economic independence to resolve lingering conflicts over those arbitrarily drawn borders and to overcome the sense of inferiority instilled in them by the colonial masters. there's a lot of political mentality

the post-colonial history of the americas it's a relatively recent development in the long view. the past several centuries have had profound impacts on the course of humanity. when european colonists came to what they called the new world they brought disease. warfare alien ideas about religion and morality and they created a concept that defined people by the colors of their skins and their regions of origins. concept that called race the co-developed along with african slavery an ongoing wars against indigenous peoples. centuries of conflict and struggle would follow and by the time thomas jefferson was born and what his english people called, virginia. this conflict had been ongoing for two and a half centuries. america was a very different place in the 18th century. jefferson was born and what was considered a frontier as far west as his british forbearers had yet settled. his closest national neighbors were the monacan and he referenced the political dominance of the iroquois to the north the cherokee muskogee to the south and scores of other indigenous national entities on

(soft music) ♪ hello, colonial penn? start your day with crest 3d white and from mochaccinos to merlot, your smile will always be brilliant. crest 3d white brilliance. 100% stain removal, 24 hour stain resistance to lock in your whitest smile. crest. the #1 toothpaste brand in america. i'm made to move. but these days, i'm not getting out as much as i'd like to. that's why i take osteo bi-flex. it helps with occasional joint stiffness, while it nourishes and strengthens my joints for the long term. osteo bi-flex. because i'm made to move. >>> it's been a quarter century since the artist bob ross taught all of us how to paint happy little trees on his tv show. artist may be gone but his work lives on in the bob ross experience. lee cowan paid a visit. >> welcome back. >> bob ross with his curious hair and whisper of a voice. >> in our world there lives a happy little mountain. >> reporter: perhaps an unlikely tv celebrity. >> a happy little bush lives right there. >> reporter: but became one of america's most famous paint

it began in the former spanish colonies then came the british colonies, followed by the french and finally dutch territories. and all the victory of the abolitionists, all slavery, become a thorny issue for the united states. how could they renounce slavery when the american economy was dependent on southern plantation owners? in this wealthy elite often considered themselves as the heirs to greco roman civilization which legitimated slavery many were eager to make the connection, expressing it in the architecture and interior decoration of their lavish homes. for them, slavery was a mainstay of the social order. eventually the clash over slavery became one of the primary factors that saw the south attempt to secede from the united states. in 1981. the country was plunged into a devastating civil war. nearly 200000 african-americans and rolled in the northern union army for african-americans. the war is a war for abolition from start. be they enslaved people who watch who wait, who take their opportunities at every chance during the war. to further the union's interest or free african-amer

it began in the former spanish colonies. then came the british colonies followed by the french and finally dutch territories. and all the victory of the abolitionists all slavery become a thorny issue for the united states here and how did they renounce slavery when the american economy was dependent on southern plantation owners in this wealthy elite often considered themselves as the heirs to greco roman civilization which legitimated slavery many were eager to make the connection expressing it in the architecture and interior decoration of their lavish homes for them slavery was a mainstay of the social order. eventually the clash over slavery became one of the primary factors that saw the south attempt to secede from the united states in 861 the country was plunged into a devastating civil war nearly 200000 african-americans and rolled in the northern union army. for african-americans the war is a war for abolition from the start be they enslaved people who watch who wait who take their opportunities at every chance duri

and the notion that the colonialism required race more than religion. are you saying this pain was successful because it required their spanish settlers to be catholic. gerald: what i'm suggesting is with london, i'm looking at this relatively. i think that if they were not a competitor, the religion made have worked but in the real world, they were. it was a mean by that in terms of religion as a qualification or a settlement from the beginning of the spanish cuba, you had black areas or black man in particular were alarmed. and this was the case in this also interestingly enough the origins of texas about 200 years ago has appeal the newly emerging government in mexico to establish a settlement. and austin and his comrades had to profess catholicism you know some of his comrades you can say best were nominally kept. and i think that having religious as a qualification also opens the door to what we know transpired which is turning a number of the jewish population against madrid because of the inquisition and not least because of this idea that you ha

the post colonial history of the americas is relatively recent development. for the past several centuries have how profound impacts on the course of humanity. and european colonists came to what they called the new world, they brought disease. warfare, ideas about religion morality and they created the concept of the defining people by the colors of their skin. a concept they called race co-developed with that of african slavery and armed warms against indigenous people. centuries of conflict would follow and by the time thomas jefferson was born and what his english people called virginia, this conflict had been going on for two and a half centuries. america was a very different place in the 18th century. jefferson was born in what was considered a frontier, as far west as. the closest national neighbor's worth the -- reference to political dolphins to the north, tara key to the south and scores of other indigenous entities on the eastern seaboard worse so many -- the colonial powers of europe. the american revolution and the americans of the united states.

he was from an important family in colonial new york, one of the wealthiest in the american colonies that had been established in new york in the 16 eighties. his grandfather's dup then delancey. -- incredibly important names in new york. in 1700, he began construction of a house in new york city at 54 pearl street. i don't know if that address means anything to anyone. after his death, it was bought by samuel francis who opened francis tavern there, which later george washington wrote his farewell to his officers at. his father peter was a merchant, owner of a flour mill outside new york, and member of the colonial assembly for new york as his father and numerous other family members where. james's uncle oliver commanded the militia during the french and indian war, it was a member of the french executive council between the french and indian war and the revolution and was a brigadier general in command of what was known as delinquencies brigade of almost 2000 men. as you might gather, this is an incredibly powerful political family in colonial new york that led what was then referr

nor did the colonial new england tradition prevail? starting in 1777 soldiers lost their ability to choose their officers by virtue of enlistment and they were forced to accept harsher punishments. should they resist actions they would view as unfair or as violations of their enlistment contracts, but still there autonomy is individuals. with rights was recognized and they insisted that says that this was so and the officers agree. and the result of that was a negotiated form of leadership. that was uniquely american the permaniated most of the army across all the state lines, and i think laid the foundation for the way the us army is led today. so that concludes my my talk. i hope everybody enjoyed that and scott. i'll turn it back to you. sure. well happy that happy to the screen with you. sean i think we're together now virtually together. okay, that's fantastic. yeah, so we'll probably take about 15 minutes or so and get to a couple questions. thanks to those of you who threw some questions in i'm gonna use my prerogative as the pe

so there's a colonial officer, outrank a british officer? and as we recall, the british officers of level rank where our ranking a colonial officer, which infuriated a young george washington. so, our story begins after french union war and the start of the american revolution. so, who wants to give me the standard answer? would cause the american revolution? taxes! tack >> taxation without representation. >> no taxation without representation. or if you're like taxation without representation, perfect! >> from there. from taxes, it's also more than that. it's about rates, it's about being treated as a full subject, a full british subject. and ultimately, it evolves into violence. and this starts after the tea party. there is the boston portman land a number of intolerable acts that are going to shut down local government. it's going to bring in martial law into barr stunned massachusetts and the british actually start thomas gauge, who's met general, he got -- a leading to increased tension. and this is ultimately bill to the potential chan

chief of the colony. but psychological pressure is widespread. people d't have enough time to write a letter home. the connection between detainees and the outside world is restricted to written letters, nonelectronic letters, although in many russian colonies electronic letters are allowed. ros: we are going to turn to myanmar. ros: demonstrations against the military coup are into their second month. this is how they are being dealt with. we will update you in a moment. ros: now some good news here in the u.k. there is evidence that vaccination programs are having a dramatic effect on the numr of people being admitted to hospital or losing their lives. after a single dose of the pfizer or astrazeneca vaccine hospitalizations have dropped by 80% among those over 80. here is fergus walsh. ffergus: way beyond the wildest hopes of those who developed vaccines, an 80% cut in being hospitalized is revocable. a single dose of the pfizer jab -- we are waiting for data on oxford/astrazeneca, because that started

nor did the colonial new england tradition prevail? starting in 1777 soldiers lost their ability to choose their officers by virtue of enlistment and they were forced to accept harsher punishments. should they resist actions they would view as unfair or as viations of their enlistment contracts, but still there autonomy is individuals. with rights was recognized and they insisted that says that this was so and the officers agree. and the result of that was a negotiated form of leadership. that was uniquely american the permaniated most of the army across all the state lines, and i think laid the foundation for the way the us army is led today. so that concludes my my talk. i hope everybody enjoyed that and scott. i'll turn it back to you. sure. well happy that happy to the screen with you. sean i think we're together now virtually together. okay, that's fantastic. yeah, so we'll probably take about 15 minutes or so and get to a couple questions. thanks to those of you who threw some questions in i'm gonna use my prerogative as the pers

(soft music) ♪ hello, colonial penn? >>> tonight there is new scrutiny on republican congressman madison cawthorn of north carolina. at 25 years old, he is the youngest member of congress, but some women he went to college with had lodged allegations of sexual harassment and that's not alt. here's cnn's sunlen serfaty. >> if we don't start fighting for our country, then who will? >> reporter: he is considered a rising star in the republican party. >> madison! >> reporter: but congressman madison cawthorn's past and the political persona he has cultivated is littered with inaccuracies and dark allegations. >> i welcome increased scrutiny because i don't have anything to hide. >> reporter: cawthorn faced numerous allegations of sexual harassment while attending patrick henry college in virginia just four years ago, accusations cawthorn has denied. >> his m.o. was to take vulnerable women out on these rides with him in the car and to make advances. >> reporter: caitlyn went to school with cawthorn and says she was taken on

(soft music) ♪ hello, colonial penn? >>> instead of working with republicans and democrats, president biden tried this go it alone approach. >> the left continues to manipulate the english language however it suits their fancy. >> madam pelosi uses covid to keep us out of town to write this liberal grab bag. >> not a single republican voted in favor of the rescue package that passed this week, michael beschloss and eugene robinson, we've heard it once this hour, i'm going to play it against, senator nicknamed ronanon johnson from wisconsin, talking about insurrection from january 6th. >> i'm also criticized because i made the comment on january 6th i never felt threatened, because i didn't. mainly because i knew even though the thousands of people marching to the capitol were trying to pressure people like me to vote the way they wanted me to vote, i knew those were people that love this country, that truly respect law enforcement, would never do anything to break a law, so i wasn't concerned. now had the tables been tur

over the deportation of people of color from the former colonies the thing here is that very soon we may be hearing much more about the bullying allegations and inquiry into meghan marco's character far from the idea of britain becoming a republic or sent me a republican as its former colonies here anything to distract from the conversation that needs to be had between bullying or serious one is very serious bullying is very serious but also what would we call the commonwealth and if by any chance make it happens the it would be and i do believe her to be so but if she was to be a bully surely she would bend this into the dynamic of this institution because they have gone on cheap and high consonants all centuries and there are some remarks by former prime minister malcolm turnbull in australia anywhere else we should be looking for as to where possible takedowns of the queen because of the magnum are going to be. i mean i'm hearing conversations about you know pop 8 austin says in gotham it's reedy considering within the caribbean removing the queen is the head of states and i think

begin to disavow what's happening in the colonies in some ways and they stop recognizing that kind of violence as their own violence slavery is the opposite of liberal freedom so britain as the bearer of freedom has to say slavery is wrong british abolition of the slave trade is the greatest justification say well we're really disinterested it's not for intra economic motives but for ideological motives we're for freedom. the business world was looking for less precarious investments buying stakes in british cotton mills was indeed far less incriminating. there was no monster plan in setting up the global economy as we see it today they were just you know manufacturers in britain developing new machines these machines suddenly needed much more cock so they tried to buy this somewhere they didn't really care where it came from but the place where they found it where they were able to buy huge quantities ever cheaper prices this was in the americas and this was eventually in the united states. in this new industrial society the supply of raw materials was the key to success from an econ

period the colonial legacy tell us a little bit more about that. it was respect to greenland for example clearly so colonial legal so you those who still existing reminds of the greenlanders. they have tools is still true for independence by for example exploiting rare earths. issues the whole debate on the arctic goes about. because that was the interest clearly as the chinese people have been in greenland on that was also attractive to use president donald trump you remember who wanted to buy greenland because of her errors and because it was due to strategic importance of greenland clearly there are very many aspects. one really interesting thing about this story about the future of thinking is that it brings together military issues geopolitical issues. economic issues and environmental issues i know you're a person of ideas can you somehow we've got all together to sort of explain how there was the independence of those factors well this is a tough question but i would say what's going on now with the race for resources in the arctic and econo

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over the deportation of people of color from the former colonies the thing is that very soon we may be hearing much more about the bullying allegations and inquiry into megan marco's character far from the idea of britain becoming a republic or sent me a republican as its former colonies here anything to distract from the conversation that needs to be had between a bullying or serious. but it's very serious bullying is very serious but also what would we call the commonwealth and if by any chance make it happens the it would be and i do believe has to be so but if she was to be a bully surely she would end it into the dynamic of this institution because they have gone on to. its high confidence all centuries there are some remarks by former prime minister malcolm turnbull in australia anywhere else we should be looking for as to where possible take downs of the queen because of the make them are going to be. i mean i'm hearing conversations about you know pop a dose and says you got them it's really considering within the caribbean we're moving the queen is the head of states and i thi

i'm jonathan from colonial penn life insurance company. sometimes we just need a reminder not to take today for granted. if you're age 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance whole life insurance starting at just $9.95 a month. there are no health questions so you can't be turned down for any health reason. the $9.95 plan is colonial penn's number one most popular whole life plan. options start at just $9.95 a month.esth. your rate can never go up. it's locked in for life. call today for free information. and you'll also get this free beneficiary planner, so call now. (soft music) ♪ hello, colonial penn? feeling sluggish or weighed down? it could be a sign that your digestive system isn't working at it's best taking metamucil everyday can help. metamucil psyllium fiber, gels to trap and remove the waste that weighs you down. it also helps lower cholesterol and slows sugar absorption to promote healthy blood sugar levels. so you can feel lighter and more energetic metamucil. support your daily digestive health. and try metamucil fiber

period the colonial legacy tell us a little bit more about that. it was respect to greenland for example clearly so colonial legal so you still existing reminds of the greenlanders. they have to have still true for independence by for example exploiting rare earths. issues the whole debate on the arctic goes about. because that was interest clearly is the chinese people have been in greenland was also attractive to use president donald trump you remember who wanted to buy greenland because of her errors and because it was due to strategic importance of greenland clearly there are very many aspects. one really interesting thing about this story about the future of thinking is that it brings together military issues geopolitical issues. economic issues environmental issues i know you're a person of ideas can you somehow weave that all together to sort of explain how there was the independence of those factors well this is a tough question but i would say what's going on now with the race for resources in the arctic and economic benefits is very much

a new step to reconcile with its colonial past france is to declassify secret documents related to algeria's war of independence. these cherry orchard may look innocent or not but they're part of a mounting debate here in chile over chinese investment and possible control over this country's most important and strategic industries. africa and india are leading a push of the world trade organization to drop a centrist directions on carbon $1000.00 vaccines more than $100.00 countries say that would allow greater access to vaccines for developing nations now according to a campaign group called one rich countries according excess doses preventing poor nations from getting them it's estimated that that's up plus. a virus as would be enough to vaccinate the entire adult population of africa johns hopkins university found nearly half of those who've been fully vaccinated so far are in the united states and only 10 countries have been able to back so that's in a more than 75 percent of their populations and the u.n. secretary general antonio terra's says the inequality of the vaccine distribution

over the deportation of people of color from the former colonies the thing is that very soon we may be hearing much more about the bullying allegations and inquiry into meghan marcos character far from the idea of britain becoming a republic or sent me a republican as its former colonies here anything to distract from the conversation that needs to be had between bullying or serious morning it's very serious bullying is very serious but also what would we call the commonwealth and if by any chance making happens the it would be and i do believe has to be so but if she was to be a bully surely she would bend it into the dynamic of this institution because they have gone on cheap and high consonants all centuries and there are some remarks by former prime minister malcolm turnbull in australia anywhere else we should be looking for as to where possible takedowns of the queen because of the magnum are going to be. i mean i'm hearing conversations about you know barbados and certain governments really considering within the caribbean removing the queen as the head of states and i think tha

nor did the colonial new england tradition prevail. starting in 1777, soldiers offered their ability to choose their officers by virtue of the president. and they were forced to accept harsher punishments. should they resist actions, they would view as unfair or heads violations of their enlistment contracts. but still, there autonomy is individuals with rights was recognized. and the insisted that this was so and the officers -- and the result of that was a negotiated form of leadership, which uniquely american, permeated most of the army on state lines and i think, lay the foundation for the u.s. army. so, that concludes my top. i hope everybody enjoyed that pence got, i'll turn it back to you. >> sure, i'm happy to share this green with you, sean. i think we're together now, virtually together. that's fantastic. yeah, so we'll probably take about 15 minutes or so and get you a couple of questions. thanks for those who got the questions in. i'm going to use my prerogative as the person in front of the camera to actually ask the first

there's blood on these objects so do trophies from the colonial era really belong in an exhibition in the heart of berlin 2003 music can be seen in many museums around the world the binning bronze those are exceptional art and when they came to europe they highlighted a completely new image of africa as a continent steeped in history and culture they've been in bronze as are of course part of the cultural history of nigeria and been in but they've also become global . nigerian authorities take a different view the new museum is planned there where the bronzes are to be displayed as the country's legal property. during. government national. international order. the bronzers are legacy of colonial conquest french historian venediktov law is one of the most important voices when it comes to bloated art her research has revealed that for decades museums have deliberately covered up the provenance of their collections in a hindered investigations increased in thinking it's obvious that museum directors tried to put off having to take action before they retired and simply passed the problem

for many years was often called first person interpreter at colonial williamsburg. since then as worked at the minnesota historical society and now works as a consultant helping particularly museums, historic sites like ours think about and explore how we tell stories and how we do that together. how do we use these stories to help bring people together. so richard, thanks for being here, and welcome. >> thank you i appreciate the opportunity. look forward to pretty dope conversation today. >> i think -- i hope it will be. and richard, we've known each other for a while. so maybe we'll start off, richard, by talking a little bit about that career at colonial williamsburg. last week we had, on our live stream we had jamar jones, who currently portrays jupiter evans, amongst other people at colonial williamsburg. and jupiter evans was, as you know but for the benefit of everyone watching, was the enslaved man servant of thomas jefferson, and jamar did a fantastic job of portraying jupiter in a way that would reflect, you know, something of the view of the world that j

begins in colonial new netherland. what you have on the screen are a couple of images that show you where the dust settled in the 16 20's, and what new amsterdam, their headquarters, in modern-day manhattan. within a couple of years, slaves started arriving from africa. these slaves cleared land, split logs, milled lumber. they built works. -- wharfs. you can see the need for them. roads, and fortifications. in some cases they were allowed to be have free, on their own for most of the air, but working for the colony -- year, but working for the colony when needed. they were seen as integral to the colony but also unequal and exploited. the english came, 40-50 years later, and that is the beginning of new york. that is where sojourner truth grew up, and that is where she spent a good part of her life. not mississippi, not alabama, not virginia, not the typical southern slave states. with the english came more restrictions. came limitations on blacks being free. came some negatives. came fear of black uprisings. came the

. >> this i adams think overing himself being a colonial hitch want it a colonial him was born in 1838 so he would think of adams as a 19th century personality but his historical change and you'll saw america going through, the decline of agrarianism, the rise of industrialization, he thought that colonial america, which his family had embodied, the old quincy homestead where the adams lift. people go there every year to look around, walk the gardens can look at the library. that was colonial america to him. that was wassing, waning. the guilds its age was coming. the old republic was coming to an expend so for henry adams he was born a colonial and would die other modern. he died in 1918 and so if you think about his impact and how he sort of placed himself in history, he was there at the beginning -- notes literally but figuratively. at a colony and then would die the year that the great war, the first world war, comes to an end, already america has for 20 years ever since the war against spain, in 1898, been imperial power overseas. he would see himself as having lived multiple live

(soft music) ♪ ♪ hello, colonial penn? todd: fox news alert, 10 rockets, a targeted attack on an iraqi or base. jillian: the latest attack in a series of recent strikes on american troops in the region. you are watching "fox and friends first" on wednesday morning. todd: breaking details coming in from iraq overnight. what have you learned? >> reporter: in the last few minutes getting a clearer idea, us troops are in the bull's-eye, in the last 3 weeks, we are getting mixed reports about casualties, and iranian connection is suspected was according to a tweet from the us military, indirect fire rockets targeted at outside air base, the coalition including us troops, 7:20 a.m.

william bradford, the governor of plymouth colony, wrote a chronicle over the course of 20 years. and he described the voyage in its earliest weeks as being fair and pleasant. but the second half, they were troubled by constant tempests at sea. so the first part, peaceful. the second part, very dramatic. master jones, what we would call the captain of the mayflower, brought them to new england because he was trying to make speed. he tries to get down the coast, only to discover new england's waters are very dangerous. mayflower is almost broken apart on the shoels and he refuses to go southward. now, there is no legal document holding them together. and the the most powerful men within the company of passengers, they create a covenant saying we will stand together until we can get new authority to be here in new england where we have to stay. ultimately, the mayflower compact becomes the constitution for the colony and for 72 years, it's the founding document. it's read at all of the court sessions. it's a very important example of american experimentation and self governance. the

the colonials would revolt. reluctantly but they would revolt because they were made subject to absolute power and the parliament claims had power over them. thus the american revolution. so the case i make is the american revolution was a restoration of the primacy of reason against the primacy of will it was our restoration of the political constitutional principles. and that is the major case i make and i try to demonstrated through the words of the founders themselves. he will find them put forth with someone like wilson who had such an influence in the constitutional debate signing the declaration of independence and the constitution that was perhaps the most traditional thinking amongst the founders when he of course was quoting cicero and hooker and we have to be aware of the sources of influence to rightly understand the american founding. and why it was limited and so concerned with limited government to confine government to that secular sphere. so government cannot abrogate upon itself absolute powers

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