our governor did that before the federal initiative. but, the point is, we have many different aspects, we have to make them complementary. so that a young person can decide they want to go directly to college, or they want to years in community college, and they can afford to do both. then we have to make sure that our efforts are leading to real skills that can be used in the workplace. and one of the things i think we've missed over the years is -- we sort of have a supply model when it comes to education. we've always been turning out teachers. we've always been turning out this type of student, etc. i think we all have to be sensitive to what are the jobs of the future? what skills will they require? how can we ensure that all students have a fair chance at good work? and that means, and part of our legislation ties into notches higher education -- not just higher education, but the workplace. the notion of federal participation, we cross that great divide -- crossed that great divide in 1965 when we said we are going to contribute

and digital account balances held by banks at the federal reserve. the funds banks put into these accounts are called reserve balances, which are used to clear and settle payments between banks. in contrast, checking and savings accounts at commercial banks are liabilities of the banks, not the federal reserve. the bulk of transactions by value that u.s. households and firms make each day use commercial bank money as the payment instrument. under current law, the federal reserve offers accounts and payment services to commercial banks. these accounts provide a risk-free settlement asset for trillions of dollars of daily interbank payments. importantly, the use of central bank money to settle interbank payments promotes financial stability because it eliminates credit and liquidity risk in systemically important payment systems. congress did not establish the federal reserve to provide accounts directly to the general public. the federal reserve instead works in the background by providing accounts to commercial banks, which then provide bank accounts

fingerhut, i would like to talk about federal policy. i would just a note on one hand it's a signal of progress that , elected for the first time a black man and a jewish man to represent our state in the u.s. senate. i was sworn in on something that belonged to rabbi jacob rothschild, who had been the rabbi at my childhood synagogue, which was bombed by white supremacists in 1958 in retaliation for rabbi rothschild's alignment with dr. king and support of the civil rights movement. and it is certainly my ambition that we strengthen and sustain the vital and historic alliance between blacks and jews in americ, which was forged with such intensity during the civil-rights movement. i would like to ask you about your assessment of the efficacy of the nonprofit security grant program, how it can be improved as well as the efficacy of the , dhs protective security advisors and cyber security advisors, which are assisting nonprofits and faith-based groups to protect themselves from both physical and cyber threats. mr. fingerhut: thank you, sen

these sort of things that can become under by the federal government or incentivized by the federal government would go a huge way in reducing pennies on the job for building out new things. this is one of the things that we have -- this is one of the ways we have seen our energy per capita go down in los angeles. >> thank you. mayor rose conway. you mentioned the challenge of lake access points in medicine. i know this is an issue of concern across the country. how can natural infrastructure investments help address runoff and improve water quality to prevent future events? >> thank you. this is a serious issue for the city of madison. we are surrounded by lakes. there is no question that our changing climate is exacerbating this problem with both more runoff and higher temperatures that make the algae grow faster. we are looking at how we can build the infrastructure to slow that runoff and infiltrate more water and clean the water that does and up in our lakes. we spent a tremendous amount of time and energy on this, whether it is managing the leaves that fall in autumn and keeping them out

regulations then federal rep. wishful overcast can be eliminated by shifting resources and look at the stationary mating authority to local and state governors. this can also consolidate programs which are scattered throughout the federal bureaucracy. bringing government closer to the people and saving 3.9 billion dollars over the next five years. our program for economic renewal it deals with a number of programs which at present not cost effective. an example is medicate. right now, washington provides the states with unlimited matching payments for their expenditures. at the same time, we here in washington pretty much dictate how the states are going to manage those programs. we want to put a cap on how much the federal government will contribute, but at the same time allowed the states much more flexibility in managing and structuring the programs. i know from our experience in california that such flexibility could have yet to far more cost-effective reforms. no, this will bring a savings of one billion doll

so the federal writers' project was part of a larger cultural project called i think federal one which was in turn part of harry hopkins works project. so as a pure product of the new deal which makes it so pleasing that we're talking under the aegis of the roosevelt house. it's really impossible to imagine anything like the fwp arising in any other time or any other circumstance than the early years of the roosevelt administration, but we will get into this. we can dream certainly. i'll turn to for over to you in a second. i just want to say i was really delighted when editor alex scar sent me in the gallery of republican detours because i've been immersed in the 1930s in this literary politics in the course of writing a biography of malcolm cowley who is a major figure and shows up in your book a fair amount, not as a figure but as a commentator on the scene. you even point out that as a literary editor of the new republic he was running his own kind of relief project as well by giving work to broke writers and books to sell at the strand. i connected with your book and a literally d

it is the result of a long history of federal policies, whereby the federal courts acknowledge and recognize that at times there are nontribal presence within our borders and they question whether a tribal nation should exercise jurisdiction over nontribal citizens within our borders, which in and of itself is not right nor appropriate. the united states would not govern u.s. citizens within the border of canada, so we are working aggressively to reshape that policy, those policies were adopted during a time when there wasn't a recognition of tribal sovereignty and they were very archaic and paternalistic. that is another way to write the past round -- to right the past wrongs. host: this is a question asked, can the federal government use eminent domain to take indian controlled land? guest: the federal government has plenary powers over tribal nations. from our perspective, the land we have secured by treaty have long -- have belonged to us when time began. seven generations ago, our leaders had the foresight that we need to reserve these lands for our generation and for future generations

the federal reserve can print money, that is for sure. but that does not mean we can solve the issues around labor. we cannot solve the pension from problems. those are the sorts of things that have become the responsibility -- appear to become the responsibly of the federal reserve when it is the elected officials, the congress, the president who also have a more important role relative to the infrastructure of our country, how we regulate our country, and how we deal with issues around income distribution and so forth and those are things that need attention. relying on the federal reserve over the long period makes those situations worse. if you are an asset holder, you win big. if you are not and inflation makes your income come down, you lose. if you cannot afford a home, you lose. those are the things that need to be clear in people's minds in terms of what the real capabilities of the central bank are. host: thomas hoenig is a distinguished fellow at george mason university joining us this morning and taking your phone calls. bill

it does make sense that the federal government is involved in some infrastructure. the interstate highway system is a good example of that. postal roads. this bill includes things like bike paths and beautification process -- projects, mass transit, service roads. things that while good and lovely, are a far cry from other government can and should reasonably, and successfully oversee. let's more -- what's more, it does so at an enormous price tag. one that will dig us deeper into debt at the expense of the american people, both now and further down the road. proponents of the bill insist, and will continue to insist as we debate this that the bill is paid for. but in fact, despite staggeringly large amount of money it spends, estimated to be $1.2 trillion in total. the largest amount for a package of this kind in history, by far. it still does not have a score from the congressional budget office. normally, we don't vote, much less past something like this without a cbo score. i regret to say that many of the so-called pay force amount to flimsy budget limits -- gi

tribal housing programs relied on federal funding. funding for the program has been flat for nearly 20 years, providing tribes only 2/3 of the purchasing power today that they provided in 1990. we are asking tribes to do a lot with their housing dollars each year. tribes are tasked with managing existing housing stock that have been managed over decades and now is often aging and needing constant repairs. the tribes also provide low income rest -- rental assistance, provide student housing, housing for veterans, housing counseling services for future homeowners, and we expect them to build new housing units teacher. tribes are expected to carry out all of the services when nearly 400 of the recipients received less than 500,000 a year. tribal communities received less than 100,000 a year for their housing programs. the program has been successful. and has provided tribes dedicated and consistent funding each year to improve their capacity and ability to improve their communities. tribal housing programs have never been capable to prov

how much money has the federal government been defrauded? >> congressman, we have worked closely with the ig at the labor department on these issues and the department of labor oig has done a lot of work in this space and it has made some estimates that the amount of fraud could be upwards of 10% at this point, but it is still unknown, i should emphasize, as we are investigating and looking at these issues. one of the significant issues is that identity theft and the number of people that we have heard from who have expressed concerns about having their identities stolen, there are two problems that arise from that. one is the program itself gets defrauded. separately, you have the victim whose identity is being used who has to deal with the fallout from their credit, other issues, security clearances perhaps, if you are an employee in a sensitive position, and a number of challenges arise as a result of that. that is why we set up the identity fraud working group to try to tackle that problem. >> thank you. as i mentioned, i was a victim my

of federal lands. federal lands conveyed to the alaskan people there were all polluted. unbelievable. it's an ongoing struggle to clean up these lands and it's long past time to right this wrong heard mr. rexford focuses on the frustration he and so many alaska natives feel about their ability to have an economy, an economy based on resource development and the proceeds that alaskan natives received from oil and gas and mining in alaska on state tribal native and federal land. natural resources in the north slope of alaska have been a lifeline, literally a lifeline to the communities across my state. unfortunately this administration and some of their extreme environmental allies are constantly trying to shut down the resource development in alaska that has been so vital to the health and well-being of the alaskan native people. as the mayor of the north slope borough and other -- harry brower so eloquently wrote in "the wall street journal" recently quote we treasure protector landed wildlife, the res

only the want of a effective federal government had necessitated the access and only the federal government had the right to tax foreign trade to repay debts more cheaply and easily sthan the state's tlm pushed for what was called discrimination. they propose the government pay the original holders of government wartime ious who were mostly soldiers, sailers and farmers in combination with holders of the debt, who defrauded the original holders. hamilton noting the administrative difficulties of tracking the chain of ownership for hundreds of thousands of ious. moreover, they'd not been defrauded and simp leaf valued the casual. they knew when they sold they were relinquishing all rights to the principal and were fine with it. to give them some of the cut would be a win fall for them but would ruin the nation's rech reputation for fair dealing at home and abroad. with the help of back room bargaining, hamilton -- and here's where most history books stop, though it is far from the whole story. the details of hamilton's funding program were brilliant. and what ultimately established american

two more actions to reduce federal government. i'm taking steps toward the elimination of the council on wage and price stability. this council has been a failure. it has been totally ineffective in controlling inflation and it has imposed unnecessary burden on labor and business. i am ending the wage and price program of the council. i'm eliminating the staff that carries out its wage pricing activities. i'm asking congress to rescind the budget, saving $1.5 million a year. my second decision is a directive ordering key federal agencies to freeze pending regulations for 60 days. this action gives my administration time to start a new regulatory oversight process and also prevent certain regulatory decisions of the previous administration. the so-called midnight regulations from taking affect without proper review and approval. all of us should remember the federal government is not some mysterious institution composed of buildings, files and paper. the people are the government. what we create, we ought to be able to control. i d

so much federal power. so it's interesting too, i think. >> excellent point. you know, andrew johnson presents a big problem for us. he's a states' rights democrat before the war. and because of an assassin's bullet, he becomes president. he's clearly not on board with the republican program of black rights. auto and he is clearly not onboard with this expansion of the federal government in order to insure black rights and insure the rule of law in the south. he's not going to go with that. and that would create one of the biggest constitutional crises in american history. it's the first time that american president is brought up on articles of impeachment. and he, you know, but we are getting ahead of ourselves here. but i'm glad you brought up johnson because we will be talking about that today. so today in the lecture, we're going to be talking about these issues raised up by reconstruction. we're going to talk about johnson and president reconstruction, and eventually how congress implements a program o

federal reserve education.org. you also find a recording of today's program there along with free curricular resources, as chair powell mentioned, on economics, personal finance, and, the fed. that have been produced throughout the system. thank you again for joining us today. have a great start to the school year. >> representative seth moulton i -- representative seth moulton of u.s. massachusetts. live coverage begins today at 2:30 p.m. eastern on c-span, online at c-span.org, or, is another free radio app. -- bliss on the free radio app -- listen on d3 -- the 3 -- the free radio app. >> we welcome back to the washington joiner richard besser, former acting director of the cdc, joining us this morning in the wake of several major covid announcements.

we don't deem this a federal takeover. deem this the way of complementing congress is judgment that we need the voting rights act for discrimination and unconstitutional practice that may otherwise infect the electoral process in our country. >> my time is over, i yield to the ranking member from louisiana. [no audio] >> on july 28, did you help draft the july 28 guidance? >> yes. i participated along with other colleagues inside the department. >> since the department no longer presumes that the state election administration procedures that were in place before the pandemic are lawful, will the doj review has states adopted this temporary emergency election procedures during covid-19 and whether the manner in which those procedures were adopted was lawful? >> thank you. the attorney general has made clear protecting and safeguarding the right to vote is an important priority for the department. right now, we are looking across the country it states that are making changes to their voting practices and rules. the language

they are grateful for the federal help. but the additional beds that the staffers will be able to man in order to take some of the pressure off of the hospital, but it is not enough. because this is where we are. every single icu bed in every single hospital in the entire state of mississippi is taken. and that has been true for days. and the practical result of that in the hospitals is that patients are stacked up in emergency rooms, waiting for pets to open. but being stacked up in an emergency room waiting room is not the same as being admitted to the hospital, let alone to the icu. the clinical clear director at the university of mississippi medical center, the person speaking to their, he said there is already a waiting list from other hospitals to get people into the 20 bets they are putting in that parking garage. there is already a waiting list for that facility before it opens tomorrow. and at this is interesting. when we first reported that the federal government would be providing resources to put this field hosp

it is still dependent on large federal subsidies. we propose reducing those subsidies by $632 million in 1982 to press the postal service into becoming more effective. in subsequent years, the savings will continue to add up. the economic regulatory administration and the department of energy has programs to force companies to convert to specific authorities. it has the authority to administer a gas remarking plan and prior to decontrol it ran the oil price program w. these and other regulations gone we can save several hundreds of millions of dollars over the next few years. i am sure there is one department you have been waiting for me to mention. the department of defense. it's the only department in our entire program that will actually be increased over the present budgeted figure. [ applause ] even here, there was no exemption. the department of defense came up with a number of cuts which reduced the budget increase needed to restore our military balance. these measure also save $2.9 billion in 1982 outlays. and by 1986, a tota

we also see that antitrust role in the federal government being head of the antitrust division at the doj is not yet in place, so this executive order was a major signal to the industry about biden is thinking about these issues, a moderate tenet but these are progressive ideas of regulating the tech and addressing competition, that's a sign with administration is heading but enacting it might require addressing some of the personal vacancies in the federal government. >> host: john hendel? >> guest: i completely agree. the nomination site of this is fascinating and it's one piece of makes executive order a bit of a paper tiger. it's got aggressive rhetoric about what it wants to accomplish laying a dozen factions for different agencies but you seen across-the-board the biden administration not filling some key slots. we're in the middle of summer. that's a really, really big thing when it comes to getting any of this done. that's true at the ftc, true at the doj. it's true in certain commerce department roles. key agencies that on the people leading them yet in any permanent sort of

we have a state of federalism. what can states do to push back to make sure businesses have rights inside liberal cities. >> thank you for having me on. as most americans in arizona, we are battling two and demmics. one virus was created in a chinese lab and the other in the d.c. swamp. the democrats are using this to increase power. one of the reasons the 1619 project is pushing the revision of history, they don't want us to know that the framers of the constitution made the states to have a check over the federal government. the biden administration has been inconsistent when it comes to the pandemic. and they constrain power in d.c., whether it's nationalizing our elections or trying to dictate to the states what they can and cannot do, it completely undermines federalism. katie: harmeet, take a listen to what joe row garn had to say about the passport system. >> you can't work anymore unless you do what i say. that's essentially what a vaccine passport is. you can't do what you want to do unless you do what i w

he fires all black federal government officers pause he doesn't want any black people in the federal government. he establishes the league of nations, of course, or helps establish it, even though it's voted down by the u.s. congress. but you know, he has this idea of national self-determination for everyone. and the moment people said, well, does this apply to asia and africa? he's like, of course not, i meant only for europeans. when it comes to race, he's extremely, extremely retrogressive. but that is how pernicious the dunning school was. it was in the white house. it was in hollywood. it was everywhere. that was the picture of reconstruction. that was dominant. and there's one dissenting voice here, and that is the famous black intellectual historian, activist, one of the founders of the naacp, w.e.b. dubois. dubois wrote a book called "black reconstruction in america" and the very title shows you that he wanted to center the role of african-americans in this whole drama about reconstruction. read the subtitle, right? an essay to what a history of the part which black folk play

if you look at the federal -- the potential of the federal homeland bank, they have two areas. one is being able to reassure, provide liquidity for banks. there are a lot of native american banks that could benefit from that. on the others habit, if you look at their plans and their limited plans, they are not addressing the real needs of the indian country. meeting with the cdf technical advisor is not enough. it does not go to the understanding of tribal issues and capital needs tribes are faced with. senator roundsri

youu work at the federal level. i would make yourself more vulnerable with the potential surge of this fall and even the next pandemic whatever that may be in the future by rolling back on some of this legislation? >> i think it has been very challenging really throughout the course of the covid-19 pandemic that often this is been politicized. i think the politicization of the public health crisis has made our public health response more challenging. this is not a political issue. this is not an issue of freedom ofed expression or freedom of speech. this is a public health issue. so we all have a collective responsibility to ourselves, to ournd families, to our communits and to our nation to work with medical and public health officials throughout the country to stem the spread of this dangerous virus, and now this even more dangerous covid-19 delta variant. and so any type of political actions which limit the ability of public health to do its job i think our counterproductive. >> so coercion at incentives all can

it was also the federal government's bank. it paid interest on the national debt when it fell due four times a year. transferred money when the government earned it, which was mostly in the major port cities. mostly from tariff and tonnage duties. the government spent it mostly along the frontier and military forts. and wherever bondholders lived. which, as i explained couple of minutes ago, the bondholders throughout the country. most importantly, the bank lent money to the government if it outstretched its current revenue. the bank of the united states was a lender of last resort during the financial panics that hit the financial system in 1791 and harder in 1792. under hamilton's guidance, it implemented what would later be called badgett's rule. it's described in a book, but i call it hamilton's, neigh, badgett's rule. that term means originally called. hamilton did not spell the rule perfectly. the market remained steady and the american economy continued to grow robustly after hamilton announced funding program. the bubb

the question is rather how much should the federal government be involved in infrastructure, and if it should, where it should, how much should it be spending on it. the truth is the particulars of this bill take the scope far beyond what should be under the realm of the federal government, under the domain of the federal government specifically, at a price far beyond what we can afford, at a time when we're already far into feeling the sting of inflation. now, there is a reason that our founding fathers reserved numerous and indefinite powers for the state while providing few and defined powers to the federal government. article 1, section 8 of the constitution literally lists the particular powers given to congress. it tells us what they are. and you will notice that infrastructure generally is not one of them. now, in some cases, it does make sense that the federal government is involved in some infrastructure. the interstate highway system is a good example of that. postal roads, also specifically accounted for in article 1, section 8, are another example of that. this bill, howeve

however, just like westwood, the federal loans continue to burden those students. just of this past april, a group of 25 states, submitted a group discharge application on behalf of itt students who attended from 2007 to 2010. they were all subject to rick -- misrepresentation by itt regarding overstated income that students could expect to receive. i acknowledge and applaud the granting of 18,000 borrower expenses for former itt students. we can only do so much in enforcing consumer laws. many for-profit schools filed for bankruptcy themselves, including itt and corinthian colleges. the students deserve the same right to bankruptcy relief as the schools. the standard loan repayment plan is designed so that they are payable within 10 years. among the americans who failed to pay their debt in this time are borrowers who will simply not be able to repay this debt. under current law, the vast majority of these borrowers are not able to discharge their student debt through bankruptcy. allowing student loans to be freely dischargeable after 10 years from the time they f

yesterday, i announced the elimination of remaining federal controls on u.s. oil controls and marketing. today, i am announcing two more actions to reduce the size of the federal government. first, i'm taking major steps towards the elimination of the council on wage and price stability. this council has been a failure. it has been totally ineffective in controlling inflation, and it has imposed unnecessary burdens on labor and business. therefore, i am now ending the wage and price program of the council. i am eliminating the staff that carries out its wage pricing activities, and i am asking congress to rescind its budget, saving the taxpayers some 1. 5 million dollars a year. my second order today is directing key federal agencies to freeze pending regulations for 60 days. this action gives my administration time to start a new regulatory oversight process, and also prevent certain last minute regulatory decisions in the previous administration. the so-called midnight regulations from taking effect without proper review and approval. all of us should rememb

we recommend doc work with the federal partners to develop a plan. -- dot work with the federal partners to develop a plan. without such a plan, the u.s. may not be as prepared for future communicable disease events. in addition, these efforts to effectively collect and analyze data are essential. for example, these challenges collecting and analyzing data on request for supplies, such as personal protective equipment made over the federal government. we plan for supply needs, which it has not yet taken a step to address area until fema develops -- address. until fema develops a solution, they continue to face challenges that hamper the effectiveness of their covid-19 response. in closing, the size and scope of the federal government's response effort is to implement a new program. it is critical for agencies to help improve the ongoing effort and prepare for future health emergencies. we will continue to implement these programs and our recommendations as part of our oversight effort. we look forward to answering your questions. >> thank you for your testimony. we will now move on to th