you see on the screen we've already talked about first manassas or bull run, we know that he was there, there's one glaring omission that i will come to in just a minute. just quickly going through, he was participating on the peninsula campaign when major general george b. mcclellan landed troops at fortress monroe, planned to traverse up the peninsula and sort of come into the back door to richmond, so to speak, tom was there with jeb stuart and doing salve ri reconnaissance. first of three wounds and by far the least severe of the three that tom received was at waterloo bridge two days before the second battle of manassas when a spent mini ball, spent meaning it had already traveled a great distance, i guess it had run out of steam, tom was mounted and he saw the ball strike the dirt, it ricocheted up and hit the insole of his right boot. he didn't miss any service time, but as he rode he had a very sore foot and a very bruised foot for several weeks and it was quite painful to mount and dismount his horse. that was mild compared to the injuries he would receive later. he participat

this was found at bull run or manassas, that's one little bit that throws people off. these battles during the civil war typically had two names. the south named the battle after the local town, the north named it after the local body of water. so the first battle of the war, the battle of -- the first battle in the south it was called manassas because of the town, in the north it was called bull run because of bull run creek, but that's where this was found. this was an artillery shell fired out of a canon, weighs 10 pounds but you can see it's shaped like a bullet. this came out of a rifle artillery piece canon. so it could be much farther than a revolutionary war canon. so the canoneers firing this, it would explode and this would go much farther much more accurately and explode making it much deadlier than anything else you would have seen in the revolutionary war. >> oh, jesus. >> i know. it's heavy, isn't it? >> yeah. >> anyone else? well, if that's the case i've also got other things if you want to see. basically articles of clothing. again, what you would have

. >> yes. >> they have one of -- used as a hospital after first bull run, first manassas, a soldier, an officer in the confederate monuments army died of gangrene in his chest and so they made the decision to make it smell like gangrene and let me tell you it is a memorable experience, but they do a wonderful job down there interpreting smells, not only of course gangrene but many of the other smells associated with the civil war. but i think camp life would probably be too repulsive to our modern sensibilities. >> oh, yeah, and we just -- that's something we don't get when we go to reenactments, we don't understand that kind of thing because everyone has just bathed that friday morning before going out to an event or whatever else. we don't get the smells, but i will say that as far as the civil war field is concerned, there are a lot of people looking at the sensory issues in the civil war for books. we've had an uptick in environmental histories and we've also had an uptick in sensory histories, which i think is fantastic because as an interpreter i always like to touch on all you

host: rodney in manassas, virginia. caller: thank you for taking my call. i have a couple of questions. the first is the infrastructure bill shows money for transportation. there is an additional 400 billion which no one has explained. the other question is, the epa plays a lot into the issues with the roads being built and improved. if you could respond on that also i would appreciate it -- if you could respond on that, i would appreciate that. thank you for taking my call. host: i think the caller was referring to the $550 billion that was used in new funding for the transportation infrastructure programs. the other half of the bill is money that has been already authorized for existing programs. for the transportation system nationwide, as well for technology programs under the umbrella of these will be electric vehicle infrastructure to help set that up. to build momentum for the buildout of the electric charging stations. when you step back and look at the numbers, in a very washington lingo, it is above baseline. new funding for these programs. host:

he found they were conducting batteries at sole point and pig point to conduct manassas road, and hampton road, and as a quick point, pig point is where the largest naval station in the world is locate and the hampton road is that body of water that is perhaps one of the roughest waters along the eastern coast because of all of the rivers pouring out, and the opening of the chesapeake bay leading into atlantic ocean. so it is a super highway, you might think of. so to counter these move, butler decided to extend union control into the hamptons. one day after the arrival, butler sent a detachment of union soldiers to capture the village. but they decided to burn it rather than comply to where there is a contingency of confederate forces to await them. that night, however, three men who were enslaved, sheppard mallory, frank baker and james townsend decided to make a daring move. knowing -- by the way, this picture shows you what the hampton roads looks like with this little skiff that these three men battled on in the middle of the night, and knowing that of course if they stayed with colo

right after first battle of manassas the troops came streaming back into washington there is no place to put them. so every building in town was requisitioned. even the church is to be used as hospitals and barracks. and in this case as a prison. right after the battle leaves the rotunda for the hospital slept on the marble floors. but then they immediately built a temporary barracks and the ones were used for this purpose. hospital, barracks and prisons all over the city. this was the most elite prison there were incarcerated here and henry wertz the commander of the anderson built prison where the prisoners were allowed to starve he was the only prisoner hung after the civil war that was done here. this and 1865 was on by alexander gardner. in 1867 the building was sold to george brown who is sgt at arms at the senate. he turned into boarding houses. this is a photograph of a stereo card that is white so fuzzy. but on the right there with a green arrow you can see the statue of george washington were going to talk about in a moment. this a building with the blue arrow is the reconst

in 1861 he became the capitol, the after the first battle of manassas, the troops came streaming back into washington because there was no place to put them and so every building in town was requisitioned even the churches for use as hospitals in the barracks. in this case is a prison. right after the battle use the rotunda of the capitol for a hospital in the troops slept in the marble floors but then they immediately build a temporary barracks for them in every vacant lot in the city, were used for this purpose. hospitals and barracks and prisons all over the city. and this was the most elite prison, the spy val boyd and green how and they were incarcerated here read the lincoln conspirators and john moseley were confined here and then henry the commander of the anderson prison where the prisoners were allowed to starve. he was a believe the only prisoner hung in after the civil war that was done here. this father was 1865 was done by alexander gardner. 1967 the building was sold to george brown who was sergeant at arms at the senate and he turned it into boarding houses. now, this

arrival, he found the confederates were constructing batteries at sole point and pig point to conduct manassas road, and hampton road, and as a quick point, pig point is where the largest naval station in the world is locate and the hampton road is that body of water that is perhaps one of the roughest waters along the eastern coast because of all of the rivers pouring out, and the opening of the chesapeake bay leading into atlantic ocean. so it is a super highway, you might think of. so to counter these move, butler decided to extend union control into the hamptons. and newport news areas. one day after his arrival, butler sent a detachment of union soldiers to capture the hampton. the confederates chose to burn part of the village rather than see it occupied. in northern virginia, a contingency of confederate forces to await them. that night, however, three men who were enslaved, sheppard mallory, frank baker and james townsend decided to make a daring move. knowing -- by the way, this picture shows you what the hampton roads looks like with this little skiff that these three men got on in t

so he only serves one term, and so now they have a roommate manassas cutler who leads a congregation from northern massachusetts. he is an everyman, a lawyer, merchant, and many may know him of the subject of the book of the development of the ohio country, because he is one of the lobbyists of the ohio country who promotes the settlement of the ohio river valley. so from now on most of the letters and the primary voices that you will be hearing are nathan read and mannasa cutler and lucky for us they left voluminous records of their writings. and that is up in massachusetts and besides them being colleagues, and the writings they left behind, but they are colleagues and roommates in the boardingroom here, and if you can see the curser, but it is right here, and it is where the library of congress jefferson building sits now. for those who are antequaria snshgs know this is the home of josius king. so this is the first congress calling washington, d.c., home. so josius king writes about it being the first capitol. we have the pleasantest room in the house or indeed the whole city. it

and least of the three the tom received was at waterloo bridge, two days before the second battle of manassas when a spent many ball spent meaning it had already traveled a great distance. i guess it'd run out of steam tom was wounded and he saw the ball strike to third and ricochet and hit the insole of his right boot he didn't miss any service time but as a road at a very sore and booze foot for several weeks, and it was quite painful to mount this horse that was mild compared to the injuries that he would receive later he participated in the seven days campaign famously known after general johnson was very seriously wounded in the bill of seven finds or fair oaks. of 1862 and i'm sure that everyone has heard this name took command, robert e. lee. formally named the army of northern virginia. tom almost missed the battle of and teen or sharks bergh. if you were in the confederate calorie, you had to provide your own horse. when he left washington county he, left writing one of his fathers horses. not a rich family, but they did have some hand land, and his father had a few horses. the army

on smelling machines, i will throw a shout out to ben down at manassas. used as a hospital after the first bull run, a soldier and an officer in the confederate army died of gangrene in his chest, so they made the decision to make it smell like gangrene, and let me tell you, it is a memorable experience. they do a wonderful job down their interpreting smell, not only with gangrene but, also many of the other smells associated with civil war. but i think that camp life would probably be too repulsive to our modern sensibilities. >> oh yeah and that's something that we don't get when we do reenactments. we don't understand the type of thing, because everybody has just bathed that friday morning. we don't get the smells, but i will say as far as the civil war field is concerned, there are a lot of people looking at the sensory issues in the civil war through books. we've had an uptick in environmental histories and we've also had an uptick in sensory histories, which i think is fantastic fantastic. as an interpreter, i like to touch on all your senses. what

not dependent on just you selected said, i can't always remember when they paid attention to it was manassas missed, and a large portion of what actually happened it from the beginning like i'm only going to have noticed people talk about eyewitness testimonies that there was a bank robbery. i'm the only person who witnessed what happened i might've only seen the gun but not the gunman's face because i was so focused on the thing that could kill me. but someone else was maybe not in the light a fire who seen his face so maybe this ability to collaborate our memory helps us go forward for the pictures of what happened. it's a byproduct, we eventually can't tell what was originally my experience or somebody else's or we just made it up because we have great imaginations and were great storytellers. anything that we can wrap a story around and make sense, our brains remember that. david: so i almost stumped to you. i tried but i couldn't but he came closer than some may so in my next follow-up to that this little micro subject is, anyway to remember something that is important. if we really car

machines, i will throw a shout-out to john, i don't know if you've been there but to ben lohman down at manassas. >> mm-hmm, yes. >> they have one of the hospital, bull run, an officer in the confederate army died of gangrene in his chest so they made the decision to make it smell like gangrene, and let me tell you it is a memorable experience, but they do a wonderful job down there interpreting smells, not only gangrene but also many of the other smells associated with the civil war, but i think camp life would probably be too repulsive to our modern sensibilities. >> and that's something we don't get when we go to re-enactments. we don't understand that kind of thing because everyone has just bathed that friday morning before going out to an event or whatever else. we don't get the smells, but i will say that as far as the civil warfield is concerned, there are a lot of people looking at the sensory issues in the civil war for -- for books. we had an uptick in environmental histories and also in acceptsry histories which i think is fantastic, because as an interpreter i always like to touch on

. >> host: georgia and manassas virginia text it to u. can you comment on the importance of the radio show president reagan did between 1976 and 19988 any goes on to say i heard president reagan's speech in 1975, the same speech he felt like he spoke only to19 me. >> guest: what a wonderful letter. i'm glad he brought up the letters because they were so important. i this was before cable television and the internet. you are limited in your forms of communication. their worst television and things like that in of many had local radio and syndicated radio and then you had newspapers and magazines and things like that and then personal letters of the spoken word but communication was much more limited in that era. that made his radio announcements very very important. he did over a thousand radio commentaries in hista lifetime. they were five days a week and so you had to keep your wits about yourself to make sure your radio commentary was optimal. there was a radio studio in west lostu angeles at the corner of hollywood and vine. and he wro

enlisted, for example, the fredericksburg artillery fought in the peninsula campaign, fought at second manassas, fredericksburg, chancellorsville, the ild westerns, sportsel vain i can't courthouse, all of these highlights of the eastern theater john's regimen was there for it. after he enlisted in the fredericksburg artillery in 1864 the war only got blood yer. john went on to fight at cold harbor and petersburg and ultimately john and a few dozen survivors of the artillery outfit were present for lee's surrender in april of 1865. like so many veterans john's trouble with morphine ban gunman with a bullet wound that he sustained at petersburg. john was shot through the left thigh while defending the confederate position here which was called ft. harrison, it was like a key segment of lee's defensive network around the city of richmond. in september of 1864 federal troops stormed the front trying to push through lee's defenses and they completely overran john and his community defending ft. harrison. it turned into this bloody hand to hand combat mayhem and somehow john managed to survive. his

they fought at second manassas, fredericksberg, chancellorville, gettysburg, the willed irness, spotsylvania courthouse so all the highlights of the eastern theater. john's regiment was there for it, and after he enlisted in the fredericksberg arm tillery in 1864, the war only got bloodier, right, so john went on to fight in bloody fights at cold harbor and petersburg and ultimately john and just a few dozen survivors of the artillery outfit were present for lee's surrender at appomatox in april of 1865. like so many veterans, john's trouble with morphine began with a bullet wound that he sustained at petersberg. john was shot through the left thigh while defending the confederate position here which was called fortt harrison. like a key segment of lee's defensive network around the city of richmond. in september of 1864, federal troops stormed the fort trying to push through lee's defenses, and they completely overran john and his unit defending ft. harrison. it turned into this like bloody hand-to-hand combat mayhem and somehow john managed to survive. his comrades dragged the wounded, 18

before john enlisted, the artillery fought at second manassas fredericksburg, chance of ill, gettysburg, all of these highlights of the eastern theater, johns regiment was there for it and after john enlisted in 1864, the war only got bloodier. john went on to fight and bloody fights like coal harbor, petersburg and ultimately john and a few dozen survivors of the artillery outfit were there for the lee's surrender of appomattox in april of 1865. like so many veterans, johns trouble with morphine began with a bullet wounded he sustained it petersburg. john was shot through the left thigh while defending the confederate position here, which was called fort harrison, a key segment of the defensive network around the city of richmond. it's september of, 1864, confederate troops stormed the for trying to push through lee's defenses and they completely overran john and his unit. it turned into a bloody hand to hand mayhem. somehow, john managed to survive. his comrades -- brought him back to a confederate field hospital, probably a few hundred yards from the front lines and at the field hosp

. >> george from manassas virginia texas into you can comment on the importance of the radio show president reagan did between 1976? and, he goes on to set heard president reagan speak in 1975, it changed me. it felt like he spoke only to me, was this common? >> what a wonderful letter. i'm glad he brought the radio commentary. it was so, so important. this was anet era before cable television and the internet, you're limited in forms of communication. the television, local radio and syndicated radio that he had newspapers and wire services, magazines things like that personal letter spoken word. communication was much more limited in that era. that made his radio announcements very, very important. he did over a thousand radio commentaries in his lifetime, before his presidency. they were five minutes apiece, five days a week. sue had to keep your wits about yourself to make sure radio. commentary was topical. there radio studio and west allonge angeles. literally at the corner of hollywood and vine. he wrote many of them. some were written by pat buchanan or peter hannaford. but he wrote

. >> george from manassas virginia texas into you can comment on the importance of the radio show president reagan did between 1976? and, he goes on to set heard president reagan speak in 1975, it changed me. it felt like he spoke only to me, was this common? >> what a wonderful letter. i'm glad he brought the radio commentary. it was so, so important. this was anet era before cable television and the internet, you're limited in forms of communication. the television, local radio and syndicated radio that he had newspapers and wire services, magazines things like that personal letter spoken word. communication was much more limited in that era. that made his radio announcements very, very important. he did over a thousand radio commentaries in his lifetime, before his presidency. they were five minutes apiece, five days a week. sue had to keep your wits about yourself to make sure radio. commentary was topical. there radio studio and west allonge angeles. literally at the corner of hollywood and vine. he wrote many of them. some were written by pat buchanan or peter hannaford. but he wrote

host: rodney in manassas, virginia. hi there. caller: thank you for taking my call. got a couple questions. first one is, you know, the infrastructure bill shows $500 billion for transportation, but there is an additional $500 billion which nobody has explained where that money is going to go to. the other question is, the epa plays a lot into the issues with the roads being built. if you could respond on that, i would appreciate it. you two gentlemen have a fantastic day. thank you for taking my call. host: thank you, sir. guest: i think the caller was referring to the $550 billion that is being new funding for the transportation infrastructure programs. the other half of the bill is money that has been already authorized for existing programs , for the transportation system nationwide, as well for, you know, technology programs, under the umbrella of these technology programs will be electric vehicles, infrastructure to help set up and build momentum for the buildout of the electric charging stations. so when you step back and look at the numbers, in a very -- in i

next up, manassas, virginia. go ahead. >> i've had the shots and i've had the virus. i think anyone that is in america has the choice to make whether they want to take the shot or not. until the border is closed i have asked everybody how we get the border closed and nobody can't do it they say accepted biden. people are dying. we are going to be dying more because of covid's -- because the border is open. those people walk across the border and are not vaccinated before they come into this country. the border needs to be closed to protect me. >> this is leo in illinois. good morning. >> yes. i'm one of these people that can't take the vaccine because i have autoimmune disease. i have been wearing a mask protecting people from the beginning and people have taken their masks off and they said they were vaccinated and now i'm not going to be protected if people don't wear a mask because i have autoimmune disease. >> are you supportive of businesses saying you must have a mask to enter? >> i'm a person that believes that when you go in a building, the idea, i have to wea