actually in soviet union, had been unanimously elected it as the new president. [speaking in native tongue] >> soviets came on the indication and mollie holmes adams that with the soviets and the rise and they were not in kabul when the soviets invaded on december 27th, belting within search kabul and the very next day after this ignition, right after that, and within the next hour practically, between the soviet union it in afghanistan stopped to intensify so there is events that they asked for help, and brought by the soviets. [inaudible]. >> invasion of afghanistan as big impact on the attitude of the developing countries in the third world against russia and for years, they were reaching the very development countries brought them to maintain their freedom and they just want to help them printed when they invaded afghanistan, people in the russia is not a reliable friend, it is difficult to rely russians from the same white afghanistan and they could invade their country also. >> the world simply could not stand by and permit the soviet union to have this att

the soviet union assumed firm control in north korea. frustrating efforts of a joint commission working to unify the country. all traffic to the north was sealed off. the question of korea became a united nations concerned in 1947. un's efforts to hold supervisory free elections throughout korea are blocked in the north by the soviet union. only in the south were elections held. the republic of korea was created and the national legislature elected the provisions for north korea's representation if elections could be held there. the first president -- these were elections in the south. >> the only legal government in korea. in december of 1948 the soviet union in a surprise move announced as she had removed her occupation troops from north korea. we found ourselves compelled to do the same in the south except for a small u.s. army advisory group which remained at the request of the korean government. the question of a unified korea remained unanswered. the future of the south korean people was another anxious american. ♪♪ rip korea's

he hopes the soviet union will, too. how long do you intend that the united states should abide by the terms of the agreement which you consider inequitable and what do you consider the greatest inequities to be? >> well, first of all, i think it permits a continued buildup on both sides of strategic nuclear weapons. in the main thing authorizes an immediate increase in large numbers of soviet warheads. there is no verification as to the number of warheads on the missile. no method for us to do this. i don't think a treaty -- it means strategic arms limitation, that permits a buildup on both sides of strategic nuclear weapons is -- can properly be called that. i have said that when we can -- i'm willing for our people to go into negotiate or let me say discussions leading to negotiations, that we should start negotiating on the basis of trying to affect an actual reduction in the numbers of nuclear weapons. that would then be real strategic arms limitation. i believe also that you can't sit down at a table and just negot

soviet union's vietnam. they got _ very long after that. soviet union's vietnam. they got bogged - very long after that. soviet union's vietnam. they got bogged down i very long after that. soviet union's i vietnam. they got bogged down and across them enormously that ability. they had terrible consequences in terms of deaths of their own troops and very right with difficulty in withdrawing. america's policy generally an intervention has been so inconsistent i think before you lost me, president obama's failure to intervene in syria had phenomenally damaging consequences in damaged america's credibility as an intervention. so i think without the presence or at least the possibility of a military intervention, america is nowhere in this game and the chinese which is definitely on the merchant has serious intentions, for at the start of at least economic empire building, if not military empire building, if not military empire building, its can go unchecked. michael, both president obama and therefore biden was in the end biden administration and nowjoe biden both se

when the soviet union troo -s matters. when the soviet union troops left _ matters. when the soviet union troops left in — matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989 _ matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989 in _ matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989 in which - matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989 in which a i matters. when the soviet union i troops left in 1989 in which a high being static fighting each other so the countries in the region can't feel on the fire of the afghan civil war and the fear now is because you have got lots of enmity between the countries and take a danger that could happen again. the countries and take a danger that could happen again.— could happen again. the us and britain leave _ could happen again. the us and britain leave a _ could happen again. the us and britain leave a country - could happen again. the us and britain leave a country in - could happen again. the us and l britain leave a country in number, the question now is notjust what it was all for but can they really afford to sta

when we fight them, there soldiers come from the soviet union. every time the russians launch an operation, they come directly from the soviet union, they do not come from the provincial capitol of pakistan. large number of planes are coming from the soviet union. there were no planes before. so now we know they cannot fight us with soldiers and tanks. we are located under soviet border. there is only one river between them and us. they have many operations against us and killed many of our women and children. so we decided to respond. they do not leave us alone on her own land and we have attacked them and punish them on their soil. sufficient medical care is nonexistent thousands die throughout their country. several international organizations are training members of the new generation as paramedical doctors and surgeons. they provide badly needed medical care and all of the providences. this in medical school is operated by the medical corps. these paramedics have worked inside afghanistan for months. with additional training on animals they

as i get older, she told me that being deported from poland to the soviet union when he was 11 years old. and if 10 years wandering displaced, she spoke of bearing family in siberia, catholics down in iran. or i was surrounded by women like her telling the same stories. oh, but i didn't pay much attention to them. the 1st time i picked up a video camera, i was 15 and my grandmother walked into fran, getting back with the blank wall, which was all that anyone seemed to know of her story. i then when i was 1900 university, i wrote a bit polish refugees in africa. a professor challenged my history though. he never read about it and asked me to check my sources for the flour is going to be on their way. no. yeah, they are now it's okay. well everyone. poland on east poland. and my family name is carrie was 22 brothers. and this is sort of me part of us. we haven't done parents both sites, but they're really separate. and whatever it is that each of the well, life was low in the village where you're born in poland, info. and what was you can tell me the name of the village and what kind o

he paved the way for the detente with the soviet union. he opened discussions with china in 1971 and that led with his leadership to the summit between president nixon and chairman mao in 1972. the opening of relations with china that was formalized later in 1979. he successfully concluded the paris peace conference and the vietnam war. he has continue to be a source of great leadership and counsel. on behalf of sidney mccain and the entire family, i thank you, henry, for being with us. the topic of this year's sedona form is defending democracy, which of course mattered to john. and if i may, i would like to -- and they want us to focus on the pivotal relationship with china, between the u.s. and china. in some ways even more important, a bilateral relationship to manage to avoid -- i wonder if you would reflect a bit on those historic opening discussions you had that led to the beginning of the u.s.-china relationship and compared to where we are now. what your goals were then in whatever goals were -- what our goal should be no. >> a pr

the soviet union emptied eastern point. 2000000 people considered hostile to talk patient and use them to create new colonies to force labor across siberia. the children like my grandmother, were too young to work, were sent to school to be transformed into the next generation of soviets. while their parents were used as force laborers and forests, cotton fields in mind, she described to me as a prison where there was, there were new fences around the camps. but if you walked away from them, you'd be surrounded by millions of square kilometers of siberia. the 1st time i went back to the village and my family was from, i had to realize that it wasn't even in poland anymore. at the end of the 2nd world war, it borders had shifted 300 kilometers west as if the entire country had been lifted up by the war and displaced. which is how i ended up in dollars. when russia land claimed by 7 different countries over the last 100 years, making it hard for anyone to find their ancestors. look at the border. my bags researched by soldiers who asked me what i wanted to film. and i told them where we

when the soviet union troo ns matters. when the soviet union troops left _ matters. when the soviet union troops left in — matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989, _ matters. when the soviet union troops left in 1989, the - matters. when the soviet union | troops left in 1989, the victorious mujahideen started fighting each other, so the countries in the region then poured fuel on the fire of the afghan civil war, and the fear now is because you've got lots of enmity between the countries in the region, it's a danger that could happen again. the the region, it's a danger that could happen again-— happen again. the us and britain leave a country _ happen again. the us and britain leave a country in _ happen again. the us and britain leave a country in limbo. - happen again. the us and britain leave a country in limbo. the - leave a country in limbo. the question now is notjust what it was all for, but can they really afford to stand by as afghanistan once again descends into civil war? jonathan beale, bbc news. a heatwave is sweeping much of southern eu

and my father, you know, they, when they take us to say, oh i oh, from 940 to 41, the soviet union emptied eastern point. 2000000 people considered hostile to talk patient and use them to create new colonies to force labor across siberia. the children, like my grandmother, were too young to work, were sent to school to be transformed into the next generation of soviets. while their parents were used as for laborers and forests, cotton fields and mine she described to me as a prison, where there was, there were new fences around the camps. but if you walked away from them, you'd be surrounded by millions of square kilometers of siberia. the 1st time i went back to the village and my family was from i had to realize that it wasn't even in poland anymore. at the end of the 2nd world war, it borders had shifted 300 kilometers west as if the entire country had been lifted up by the war and displaced. which is how i ended up in dollars. when russia land claimed by 7 different countries in the last 100 years, making it hard for anyone to find their ancestors at the border. my bags were search by

the soviet union emptied eastern point. 2000000 people considered hostile to occupation and use them to create new colonies to force labor across siberia. the children, like my grandmother, were too young to work, were sent to school to be transformed into the next generation of soviets. while their parents were used as for laborers and forests, cotton fields in mind, she described to me as a prison, where there was, there were new fences around the camps. but if you walked away from them, you'd be surrounded by millions of square kilometers of siberia. the the 1st time i went back to the village of my family was from i had to realize it wasn't even in oakland anymore. at the end of the 2nd world war, its borders had shifted 300 kilometers west as if the entire country had been lifted up by the war and displaced. which is how i ended up in dollars. when russia land claimed by 7 different countries over the last 100 years, making it hard for anyone to find their ancestors at the border, my bags research my soldiers, who asked me what i wanted to film. and i told them where we were fro

oh, from 940 to 41. soviet union emptied eastern point. 2000000 people considered hostile to talk to patients and use them to create new colonies to force labor across siberia. the children, like my grandmother, were too young to work, were sent to school to be transformed into the next generation of soviets. while their parents were used as force laborers and forests. cotton fields in mind, she described to me as a prison where there was, there were new fences around the camps. but if you walked away from them, you'd be surrounded by millions of square kilometers of siberia. the 1st time i went back to the village, my family was from i had to realize that it wasn't even in poland anymore. at the end of the 2nd world war, it borders had shifted 300 kilometers west as if the entire country had been lifted up by the war and displaced. which is how i ended up in dollars. when russia land claimed by 7 different countries in the last 100 years, making it hard for anyone to find their ancestors at the border. my bags research by soldiers who asked me what i wanted to film. and i told them

>> mister president, what do you see as the long-range intentions of the soviet union? do you think for instance the kremlin is bent on world domination that might lead to a continuation of the cold war? or do you think that under other circumstances, dÉtente is possible? >> so far, dÉtente has been a one way street that the soviet union has used to pursuit for its own aims. i do not have to think of an answer as to what i think their intentions are. they have repeated it. i have known no leader of the soviet union since the revolution that has not more than once repeated in the various communist congress is that they hold. their determination that their goal must be the promotion of world revolution, and eight one world socialist communist state, whatever words you want to use. now, as long as they do, that and as long as they have at the same time openly and publicly declared that the only morality that they recognize is what will further their cause. meaning they reserve under themselves the right to commit any crime, to lie, to cheat, in order to attain that. and

the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil. the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race, trying to keep up with its biggest rival, the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. why show jewish middle school? and so i was just writing period. we did the somebody got suspicious both of them in their school. just get them on their own this. but asking for some bushes. t, it will show up on my she'll get a chance if she said he's one of them. you need us to city. scary, perfect. what is your interior? which emotional value and then got about you off off as a renovation program for the embattled domestic economy. the general secretary launch perestroika, which would become a very popular word all over the country in the eighty's. but not everyone really understood what it meant is throwing up on me and i should probably cut off with them personally. i didn't of the boys didn't know but sure. sure dos jim, noise when yo

the soviet union was like a large airline are following its flight plan through us guys. seen that the engines were running smoothly, but it's kept in changed too often. for the secretary, i can see it opens up. please only leave the home go to pull up the discrepancy shown players and only to lose it with a new pilot suggested a slight change because then you will we will 40 years in you will be much less of you. gotcha. with a lot of i 985. gorbachev came to page 54. the fresh young general secretary was compared favorably to his older, rather frail breed to put you off with energetic, popular. and he immediately for a claims that the country had to change. despite the parent stability, the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil. the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines to lose their middle school. and so i was just trying to get some sort of somebody over the

the soviet union was like a large airline are following its flight plan through clear skies. it seems that the engines were running smoothly, but its kept. it was changed too often for the see could see it was in the please only leave the chef the go to pull up the road. you describe it shows no player still no, probably lose it with a new pilot suggested a slight change. it caused them to but yes, you will be 40 years in if you will listen. you gotcha. with a lot of i 985 which help came to page 54. the fresh young general secretary was compared favorably to his older rather frail treatises. gorbachev with energetic popular and he immediately for a claims that the country had to change. despite the parents stability, the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil, the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. elijah to lose their mattress. and so i was just tr

one lake with the soundtrack to the soviet union collapsed. it was the only output every tv channel and on the morning of august the 19th later and goes on to the central television station statement for members in a group moon, in the best of serbia, traditions by an acronym, se se was motionless to persist a onions or yeah, you got about your mikaela city, h m i t p t e n t a s s is that still deal with the p d on the s s s f. it's a pretty and s s a set united. there any pets, cheaper. go lower than the one thing that you know, it's a direct what should it look over? so i don't know if you'd see it not for 3 beaters covering you put it in there on the deal. it's not similar which you will if 1st know what the collision he what i've done with born in the store very me need was, was in india, me. ah, what your convenience? michelle said. one nipple appeal gives me an issue for you. what? i'm what she stole, but so much. so we're just about to cut off. i'm not such a softer fixture. so let me know if you usually we should love to come with you

his personal diplomacy did not solely focus on the soviet union. he was already quite friendly and knew most of the leaders of western europe. england and france were we're and very strong allies. um near the end of his presidency. he started meeting with more leaders outside of the northern hemisphere. and he met with lots of leaders throughout his administration. on september 28th 1953 president ramon cantera of panama became the first world head of head of state to visit the white house during the eisenhower presidency. this was the first of 37 official head of state visits to the white house in the eight years that eisenhower's was president. in october of 1953 eisenhower's first international goodwill visit visiting with mexican president cortinas at the opening of the falcon dam on the rio grande river. um all in all eisenhower held 210 meetings with heads of state both at home and abroad. he summed up his beliefs regarding personal diplomacy as follows. for special purposes i strongly believe that in the conduct of foreign relations personal

i was in an area by the black sea was once a major result in the soviet union. technically, it was part of the georgia soviet socialist republics. even though the population was mostly. but the u. s. s. are ignored that what internal borders will one big country, but in the mid 19 eighties, along with the publicity of freedom that gorbachev introduced, came talk of independence. what, what the movie dealer still grossly my goal of some we're trying not families to me no matter where you might want to come monday before you let me know that you've done that. you still need to do everything. sure. you see the, she said the defendant was 930. julie's yes, miss, i was gonna say it was time for me to schedule you to do a template that way. you just met me rumors. swish, avoid local news. news. your most recent from mr. was admitted as well, so let's close the loose wishing she'd give them some money and you got a credit with miss simpson. you've got to have a good that was if a math by denila you support you need to get you needing when as is this place again, is wha

the soviet union was like a large airline, are following its flight plan through the guys seen that the engines were running smoothly, but its captives changed too often. let me see to see if there was no please. what was the code to pull up the road in the follow show? no player soon of only lose you with a new pilot suggested a slight change. of course you will you will achieve, you might be, i know you've got a lot of mystery in 1985. go to health care about page 54. the fresh young general secretary was compare favorably to his older run. the frail treatises. good, much with energetic and popular and he immediately for claims that the country had to change displayed to parents stability the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil. the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. why show jewish middle school and so i was just trying to get some sort of follow up with

he hopes the soviet union will, too. how long do you intend that the united states should abide by the terms of the agreement which you consider inequitable and what do you consider the greatest inequities to be? >> well, first of all, i think it permits a continued buildup on both sides of strategic nuclear weapons. in the main thing authorizes an immediate increase in large numbers of soviet warheads. there is no verification as to the number of warheads on the missile. no method for us to do this. i don't think a treaty -- it i know of no leader of the soviet union since the revolution, including the present leadership that has not more than once repeated in the various communist congresses they hold their determination that their goal must be the promotion of world revolution and one world socialist or communist state, whichever word you want to use. as long as they do that and as long as they at the same time have openly and publically declared that the only morality they recognize is what will further their cause,

the soviet union is an autonomy. the soviet union is returning. at the time the collapse of the coup was hailed as a victory of people power but in the years that followed, democracy failed to root itself in russia. that is partly because life became so tough here that in the eyes of many russians, the very concept of democracy became discredited. but it is also because for those running russia today, authoritarian rule is back in fashion. this year, the authorities cracked down hard on anti—government protests. and there have been police raids on government critics. so, where does that leave democracy? for many here a distant memory. this monument honours the three men killed in the 1991 coup. there are few visitors. there seems to be little interest in moment in history when russians embraced freedom. that's all for now — stay with bbc world news. hello. after what's been a relatively cloudy and relatively cool week so far for many of us, the weather is set to change a little bit through friday and into the weekend. it will briefly turn a li

one lake with the soundtrack to the soviet union collapsed. it was the only output that every tv channel add on the morning of august the 19th later and goes on the central television station statement for members in a group moon, in the best of serbia. traditions by an acronym, se, se was motionless to persist a onions or yes, you got about your me failing to gauge him. so he doesn't list the president. the s s is that still deal with the p d on the s s s f. it's a pity and as the united states any cheaper go lower than they wouldn't be, unless you know it's a direct what should it look over? so i don't know if you'd see it now for 3 beaters covering you put it in start on the deal. it's not similar which you will if it's 1st now with the collision. you what i've done with born in the store very me need was, was in india, me. ah, which a convenient one. nipple appeal should be what, what she stole. but so miss toller just told her to cut out. i wish i'm not such a softer such a level. you see me lucia de la to you to come with you to see me u

the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil. the main commodity exported west, suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race, trying to keep up with its biggest rival, the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. why shot to lose their littles for a little while to get some sort of summit and open space both of them and their school that just get them on their own. this rescuing from negotiate here some bushes, t, it will show up on my she'll get a chance of she started also studies when he is oldness of she's you need us to finish his schedule. perfect. what is the interior which you wish and then got a book shelf off as a renovation program for the embattled domestic economy. the general secretary loans perestroika, which would become a very popular word all over the country in the eighty's. but not everyone really understood what it meant is through the nation, combined with them personally, i didn't them the boys didn't you know by sure. wish shutters

communism collapsed and there was no more soviet union to oppose, the obvious question is what is nato for? and within ten years of communism collapsing, we had 9/11 and the rise of islamist terrorism, and so nato became, basically, a counterterrorism outfit, and that was its impetus, that was its raison d'etre. so that's why biden can say the reason that we were able to pull out of afghanistan, that we wanted to pull out of afghanistan, was that we felt we had solved the terrorism problem in afghanistan. we killed bin laden, we'd got rid of al-qaeda in afghanistan, so if we could get out, that's got nothing almost to do with the original conception of nato, which was to act not only as a military adversary, but as an ideological adversary to the soviet union. and now we seem to be in this peculiar vacuum where there is an entirely new global dynamic, and it's not ideological at all, it's really crudely nationalist. the motives of china and russia and iran now — it's not — that bloc that is developing that dynamic which will involve afghanistan very heavily, i fear — it's not the

the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil. the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race, trying to keep up with its biggest rival, the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines to lose their middles from the writing period. we did some sort of follow some open glasses bit both of the for them and their school that just to get them on their own. this with you, but anyways, we'll go from here. some bushes lose you, but my son get a chance of she started on some studies when he missed. she's you need us affinity. scary, perfect. what is your interior, which you wish and then got a book shelf off as a renovation program for the embattled domestic economy. the general secretary loans perestroika, which would become a very popular word all over the country in the eighty's. but not everyone really understood what it meant is through the nation from done on how to work with them. personally, i didn't them the boys didn't y

the soviet union's vietnam. they got bogged down and it cost them enormously in credibility. they had terrible consequences in terms of deaths of their own troops and very great difficulty in withdrawing. america's policy generally on intervention has been so inconsistent, as i was saying before you lost me, president obama's failure to intervene in syria had phenomenally damaging consequences in damaged america's credibility as an intervention. so i think without the presence or at least the possibility of a military intervention, america is nowhere in this game and the chinese hegemony, which is definitely on the march and has serious intentions, for the start of at least economic empire building, if not military empire building, it can go unchecked. michael, both president obama and therefore biden was in the obama administration and nowjoe biden both seem to believe that the us needs to tilt towards those come in at the very least because of its concerns about china, as janet was saying. how will those countries it seeks to influence in the region, do you think, look at w

relations with the soviet union. it brought them closer to an agreement on the disposition of west berlin. and when khrushchev finally departed washington d.c. from moscow he implied to eisenhower that the personal relationship between the two would prove helpful approaching their mutual disagreements. now eisenhower also at the deal with his personal diplomacy not solely focusing on the soviet union. he was already quite friendly and it knew most of the leaders of western europe. england and france were close and strong allies. near the end of his presidency he started meeting with more leaders outside of the northern hemisphere. and he met with lots of leaders throughout his administration. on september 28th, 1953, president ramon can tara of pamela became the first head of state to visit the white house during the eisenhower presidency. this was the first of 37 official head of state visits to the white house in the eight years that eisenhower was president. in october of 1953, eisenhower made his first internatio

relations with the soviet union. they brought them closer to an agreement on the disposition of west ber minute. and when khruschchev finally departed washington, d.c. for moscow, he implied to eisenhower that the personal relationship between the two would prove helpful in approaching their mutual disagreements. now, eisenhower also had to deal with the rest of the world. his personal diplomacy did not solely focus on the soviet union. he was already quite friendly and knew most of the leaders of western europe. england and france were close and very strong allies. near the end of his presidency, he started meeting with more leaders outside of the northern hemisphere. and he met with lots of leaders throughout his administration. on september 28th, 1953, president ramone cantera of panama became the first head of state to visit the white house during the eisenhower presidency. this was the first of 37 official head of state visits to the white house in the eight years that eisenhower was president. in october of 195

50. banned from the soviet union. so, i'm “ust a banned from the soviet union. so, i'm just a little _ banned from the soviet union. so, i'm just a little confused. your ambassador is saying he's hopeful, he sees it as positive. you say we have to be careful because we don't see them as export violence be on the borders. are you right now, as a nation, are you ready to recognise that the taliban is the legitimate government in afghanistan? iiilat that the taliban is the legitimate government in afghanistan? not at all. it is government in afghanistan? not at all- it is two _ government in afghanistan? not at all. it is two different _ government in afghanistan? not at all. it is two different things. - government in afghanistan? not at all. it is two different things. we i all. it is two different things. we are maintaining our connections. talks in the so—called format, because this is part of afghanistan society, and we cannot disregard that. we did have talks with them. yeah, it's clear that you do talk with th

the soviet union's vietnam. they got bogged down and it cost them enormously in credibility. they had terrible consequences in terms of deaths of their own troops and very great difficulty in withdrawing. america's policy generally on intervention has been so inconsistent, as i was saying before you lost me, president obama's failure to intervene in syria had phenomenally damaging consequences. it damaged america's credibility in intervention. so i think without the presence or at least the possibility of a military intervention, america is nowhere in this game and the chinese hegemony, which is definitely on the march and has serious intentions, for the start of at least economic empire building, if not military empire building, it can go unchecked. michael, both president obama and therefore biden, who was in the obama administration, and nowjoe biden, both seem to believe that the us needs to tilt towards those coming in at the very least because of its concerns about china, as janet was saying. how will those countries it seeks to influence in the region, do you think, lo

the soviet union was like a large airline are following its flight plan through us guys. it seems that the engines were running smoothly, but it's kept. it was changed too often to the secretary. i can see if there was no, please only leave us go forward with the present. so show hopefully you're still know probably right and lose it with a new pilot suggested a slight change. of course they'll give you over 40 years in your face. you'll never gotcha, with a lot of the mystery in 1985 got a bunch of came to about page 54. the fresh young generals secretary was compare favorably to his older rather frail treatises with energetic and popular. and he immediately for claims that the country had to change, displayed to parents stability the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil dominion commodity, exported to the west, suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. why show lose my little sister?

the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil, the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. elijah to lose my little sister for them. so i was just trying to get some sort of follow up with somebody over the spitball center for their middle school that just need to get them on their on this. but i was sitting here some bushes. people show those you but my c a s started to studies, one is oldness with cd economy. the general secretary launch perestroika, which would become a very popular word all over the country in the eighty's. but not everyone really understood what it meant is throwing up. i mean, i should somebody probably i would probably be with them personally. i didn't of the boys didn't you know by sure. wish shot us jim way, oak noise when you were mission i a bit is through the program. when you go quit or some of t

the soviet union was like a large airline are following its flight plan through us guys. it's seen that the engines were running smoothly, but it's kept in changed too often. the secretary was please role and they will go was going to pull up the social hopefully. she'll know probably lose it with a new pilot suggested a slight change. of course you will you will never you gotcha. with a lot of i 985. gorbachev came to page 54. the fresh, young general secretary was compared favorably to his older, rather frail treatises, which with energetic and popular and he immediately for a claims that the country had to change. this point of parent stability, the soviet union did in fact have severe economic problems. oil, the main commodity exported to the west suffered a sharp price drop in the 19 eighties and the country was choking on the arms race trying to keep up with its biggest rival. the u. s. huge sums had been spent on new missiles, tanks and submarines. why show lose their middle school? so she did some sort of summer open got suspicious of the school that just the poli

the soviet union is an autonomy. at the time the collapse of the coup was hailed as a victory of people power but in the years that followed, democracy failed to root itself in russia. that is partly because life became so tough here that in the eyes of many russians, the very concept of democracy became discredited. but it is also because for those running russia today, authoritarian rule is back in fashion. this year, the authorities cracked down hard on anti—government protests. and there have been police raids on government critics. so, where does that leave democracy? for many here a distant memory. this monument honours the three men killed in the 1991 coup. there are few visitors. there seems to be little interest in moment in history when russians embraced freedom. the fishing industry in southern france is becoming increasingly concerned about the spread of a foreign invader. the bbc�*s tim allman has the story. they have been fishing these waters for years. they normally make their living from catching

the war had to be ended, and we had to do this in conjunction with the soviet union, because the soviet union still had the major influence in the arab world. >> somebody had said that we're, in a limited period of time, we are going to have a big array of negotiations with the soviet union, after we have opened china, people would have said this is an absolute fantasy. any leader who has the task of taking a society from where it is, to where it needs to be, and you need courage to walk alone. [ applause ] >> nixon liked first and he liked to spring surprises, and his announcement of his first two principal advisers ticked all of those boxes, chief domestic adviser was a harvard professor who was a kennedy supporter, and a member of the kennedy administration. and his principal foreign adviser was a harvard professor had worked for his political rival. in your, in the interviews, dr. kissinger tells you, says to you, if you consider that i spent 15 years of my life trying to keep him from becoming president, it remains astonishing that he chose me for his security adviser. the politics

the jewish refuse necks to leave the soviet union. they even made future trade with the united states contingent on improvements and soviet emigration policy. now the term refuse nick was was highly used during this period in the united states and europe to refer to -- who had been consistently denied the right to emigrate by the soviet union. but when mikhail gorbachev came to power and instituted his policies of greater openness known as perestroika and glasnost -- were finally allowed to emigrate in greater and greater numbers. however as soviet policy became more liberalized there are chances for coming to the united states became more restricted. because the immigration and naturalization service the ins now argued that the -- could no longer claim persecution because the soviet union was easing up on its restrictions of the jewish population. so the reasons why the wanted to emigrate were slowly starting to evaporate. and it was american jewish groups who passionately advocated on behalf of the soviet refuse next and it was thes

the jewish refuse necks to leave the soviet union. they even made future trade with the united states contingent on improvements and soviet emigration policy. now the term refuse nick was was highly used during this period in the united states and europe to refer to -- who had been consistently denied the right to emigrate by the soviet union. but when mikhail gorbachev came to power and instituted his policies of greater openness known as perestroika and glasnost -- were finally allowed to emigrate in greater and greater numbers. however, a soviet policy became more liberalized there are chances for coming to the united states became more restricted. because the immigration and naturalization service the ins now argued that the -- could no longer claim persecution because the soviet union was easing up on its restrictions of the jewish population. so the reasons why the wanted to emigrate were slowly starting to evaporate. and it was american jewish groups who passionately advocated on behalf of the soviet refuse next and it was thes