>> all right, whit johnson. whit, thank you. >>> next tonight here, a flight from new york to california diverted to denver after an alleged troubling attack on a flight attendant. the passenger allegedly punching that attendant and here's abc's trevor ault now. >> reporter: tonight, disturbing new details about the american airlines passenger accused of punching a flight attendant. a source familiar with the investigation telling abc this was an unprovoked attack. the flight attendant accidentally bumping that first class passenger in the aisle and apologizing. the man later walking to the allegedly punching her twice and returning to his seat as if nothing happened. the flight from new york to california diverting to denver. >> boo! >> reporter: american's ceo calling this "one of the worst deplaces of unruly behavior we've ever witnessed." >> this type of behavior has to stop, and the best deterrent is aggressive criminal prosecution. >> oh, lord! no! >> reporter: the assault marks the latest in a staggering

>> all right, whit johnson. whit, thank you. >>> next tonight here, to a flight from new york to california diverted to denver, after an alleged troubling attack on a flight attendant. the passenger allegedly punching that attendant and here's abc's trevor ault now. >> reporter: tonight, disturbing new details about the american airlines passenger accused of punching a flight attendant. a source familiar with the investigation telling abc this was an unprovoked attack. the flight attendant accidentally bumping that first class passenger in the aisle and apologizing. the man later walking to the galley, allegedly punching her twice and returning to his seat as if nothing happened. the flight from new york to california diverting to denver. >> boo! >> reporter: american's ceo calling this "one of the worst displays of unruly behavior we've ever witnessed." >> this type of behavior has to stop and the best deterrent is aggressive criminal prosecution. >> oh, lord! no! >> reporter: the assault marks the latest in a

>> all right, whit johnson with us again tonight. thank you, whit. >>> we're going to turn now to that very difficult scene playing out in a florida courtroom today. parkland school shooter nikolas cruz taking responsibility in one of the worst school shootings in u.s. history. cruz standing there, pleading guilty to 17 counts of murder. and then speaking directly to the heartbroken parents in that courtroom. tonight, how the parents reacted and abc's victor oquendo was there. >> reporter: standing before the judge, the parkland school shooter listened as every victim's name was read, every count listed and made his plea. >> count 16, murder in the first degree of jamey guttenberg. how do you wish to plea? >> guilty. >> count 17, murder in the first degree of peter wang. how do you wish to plea? >> guilty. >> reporter: anguished families of the victims wiping away tears. then nikolas cruz spoke directly to them for the first time. >> i am very sorry for what i did and i have to live with it every day. and if i were to get a second ch

whit johnson. and whit, the fda saying yes to boosters. the cdc now meeting so what's the timeline here and what's this news, boosters potentially soon for everyone 40 and older? >> reporter: david, that cdc advisory panel will vote on recommendations for boosters tomorrow. then the cdc director will give the final sign-off and millions more americans could be eligible by this weekend. and as you noted, there are reports that the fda is also considering booster shots for everyone 40 and older, but that likely won't be addressed until next month. david? >> all right, whit johnson with us again tonight. thank you, whit. >>> we're going to turn now to that very difficult scene playing out in a florida courtroom today. parkland school shooter nikolas cruz taking responsibility for the worst school shooting in u.s. history. cruz standing there, pleading guilty to 17 counts of murder. and then speaking directly to the heartbroken parents in that courtroom. tonight, how the parents reacted and abc's victor oquendo was there. >> reporter: standing

>> all right, whit johnson leading us off tonight. whit, thank you. i know many questions at home with millions of americans who got moderna and johnson & johnson still waiting on these boosters. let's get right to dr. ashish jha, dean of the brown university school of public health. dr. jha, always great to have you here. you know, it seems this blueprint for the moderna boosters today recommended by this panel, very similar to what we saw with the pfizer boosters. 65 and older first, along with 18 and older if you have a health condition or a job that puts you at higher risk. one thing i thought was interesting, though, today, moderna's booster will be given as a half dose, 50 micrograms. that's compared to 100 micrograms in their first two shots. so, why a half shot when we were getting a full shot of pfizer for a booster? was moderna a more powerful shot to begin with? >> yeah, so, david, thank you for having me back. first of all, they absolutely follow the same blueprint, same groups of individuals, high risk people getting the booster. and the

>> all right, whit johnson on the breaking news from the cdc. whit, thank you. we know many of you at home have questions tonight. so, let's bring in dr. ashish jha, dean of the brown university school of public health, back with us tonight. dr. jha, always great to have you with us. two kwey questions here tonight. you've been saying this, that this vaccines are working. the efficacy holding up pretty well, but what does the data show already? how much more protection do you get from these boosters? >> good evening, david, yes, thanks for having me back. the boosters are really helpful. the vaccines are working well in preventing severe infections, we are seeing breakthroughs and we see very clear evidence now that boosters make an enormous difference in reducing those infections. >> i wanted to ask you about this small study we've been reporting on here this weekend envalving the johnson & johnson one-hot vaccine. this particular study shows that mixing and matching with an mrna vaccine, pfizer or moderna, one of their boosters, and that the study saw signific

whit johnson back with us tonight. and, whit, we know this younger group of children 5 to 11 would get the smaller dose of the pfizer vaccine in two shots three weeks apart. the cdc almost always follows suit with this final approval so how soon could we get that final green light, the yes and then the shots? >> reporter: david, just a couple more steps to go here. next tuesday a cdc advisory panel will meet and then vote on specific recommendations for the pfizer vaccine in kids 5 to 11 years old. if that goes as expected, the cdc director would then sign off and we could see the first shots administered by wednesday, david. >> whit johnson leading us off here on a friday night as always. thank you, whit. >>> we're going to turn next tonight to former new york governor andrew cuomo pushing back tonight after being charged with that misdemeanor sex crime. the spokesman now calling the move politically motivated by a sheriff, quote, seeking headlines and not justice. tonight that sheriff before the cameras saying there

>>. >> all right, whit johnson leading us off tonight. whit, thank you. i know many questions at home with millions of americans who got moderna and johnson & johnson still waiting on these boosters. let's get right to dr. ashish jha, dean of the brown university school of public health. always great to have you here. seems this blueprint for the moderna boosters very similar to what we saw with the pfizer boosters. 65 and older first, along with 18 and older if you have a health condition or a job that puts you at higher risk. one thing i thought was interesting, moderna's booster will be given as a half dose, 50 micrograma, that a will be given as a half dose, 50 micrograma, tha micrograms. so, why a half shot when we were getting a full shot of pfizer for a booster, was me der that a more powerful shot to begin with? >> yeah, so, david, thank you for having me back. first of all, they absolutely follow the same blueprint, same groups of individuals, high risk people getting the booster. and the half dose is because, in fact, the original dose of modern

all right, whit johnson, thank you. >>> now to that major headline on president biden's domestic agenda on the eve of his trip to europe. word coming in late today that a key part of the bill and a popular one, paid family and medical leave, may now be out. senator joe manchin against it. rachel scott on the hill. >> reporter: as democrats scramble to make a deal before president biden heads out to europe, tonight, word his plan for paid family and medical leave will likely be out of the final bill. it's something the president has promoted for months. >> we're one of the few industrial countries in the world that doesn't have paid leave. so that when you stay home to help that person, to take care of that person, you're still getting your pay. >> reporter: but west virginia senator joe manchin, who has the power to kill the entire bill, is firmly opposed. >> to expand social programs when you have trust funds that aren't solvent, they're going insolvent. i can't explain that. it doesn't make sense to me. i just can't do it. >> reporter: progressives outraged. much how much of a setback

all right, whit johnson, thank you. >>> now to that major headline on president biden's domestic agenda. word coming in late today that a key part of the bill and a popular one, paid family and medical leave, may now be out. senator joe manchin against it. rachel scott on the hill. >> reporter: as democrats scramble to make a deal before president biden heads out to europe, tonight, word his plan for paid family and medical leave will likely be out of the final bill. it's something the president has promoted for months. >> we're one of the few industrial countries in the world that doesn't have paid leave. so that when you stay home to help that person, to take care of that person, you're still getting your pay. >> reporter: but west virginia senator joe manchin, who has the power to kill the entire bill, is firmly opposed. >> to expand social programs when you have trust funds that aren't solvent, they're going insolvent. i can't explain that. it doesn't make sense to me. i just can't do it. >> reporter: progressives outraged. much how much of a setback would that be? >> oh, if paid le

>> whit johnson leading us off on a friday night. whit, thank you. >>> we have just learned tonight that former president bill clinton will spend at least another night in a california hospital. his doctors are saying, he is, quote, on the mend after being hospitalized for an infection that put him in the icu. overnight, hillary clinton seen leaving after visiting her husband. and tonight here, what we've now learned about his condition so far. abc's chief national correspondent matt gutman outside the hospital in california tonight. >> reporter: tonight, bill clinton battling infection at a southern california hospital and speaking on the phone with president biden, who late today delivered an upbeat assessment. >> he's always been the comeback kid. he's getting out of the hospital, everything's going well. >> reporter: the 75-year-old clinton was admitted tuesday after feeling overly fatigued during his first west coast trip since the pandemic began. an aide telling abc news clinton was diagnosed with a urological infection, which

i'm whit johnson. for david and all of us, have a great tonight.

johnson back with us here tonight, and whit, with the sign-o the cdc director, then how soon could we see these boosters roll out across the country? >> reporter: david, some people will be able to go out and get these booster shots as early as tomorrow at pharmacies, vaccinatn dss the country. the white house insists there is enough supply in the pipeline for all eligible adults to be able to go out and get a booster shot when they need them. david? >> all right, whit joh the breaking news fromyou at hoe questions tonight. so, let's bring in, as always, dr. ashish jha, dean of the brown university sh. back with us tonight. dr. jha, always great to have you with us. two key questions tonight. first, we know, you've been saying this here all way, that these vaccines are working. the efficacy holding up pretty well, but what does the data show already? >> goodh more protection do yovi yes, thanks for having me back. the boosters are really helpful. while the vaccines are working well in preventing severe infections, we are seeing breakthroughs and we see very clear evidence now that boo

>> whit johnson leading us off on a friday night. thank you. >>> we have just learned tonight that former president bill clinton will spend at least another night in a california hospital. his doctors are saying, he is, quote, on the mend after being hospitalized for an infection that put him in the icu. overnight, hillary clinton seen leaving after visiting her husband. and tonight here, what we've now learned about his condition so far. abc's chief national correspondent matt gutman outside the hospital in california tonight. >> reporter: tonight bill clinton battling infection at a southern california hospital and speaking on the phone with president biden who late today delivered an upbeat assessment. >> he's always been the comeback kid. he's getting out of the hospital, everything's going well. >> reporter: the 75-year-old clinton was admitted tuesday after feeling overly fatigued during his first west coast trip since the pandemic began. an aide telling abc news clinton was diagnosed with a urological infection, which then spr

i'm whit johnson. for david and all of us, have a great night. announcer: building a better bay area, moving forward, finding solutions. this is abc7 news. kristen: it's this exclusive abc7 video that went viral that's part of a much bigger story. but san francisco leaders hope they can rewrite the ending. i'm kristen sze. larry: i'm larry beal. you're watching on abc7 hulu live and wherever you stream. five walgreens stores in san francisco will shut down. they're spread out across the city. you can see the location across the screen. kristen: the company says it's because of crime. this could be a part of something bigger. that's why we have phil joining us tonight to give us some perspective. larry: but first, colonel bernard because san francisco's mayor, colonel is holding out hope that walgreens will change its mind at the last. colonel: yeah, the mayor is hoping that some of the stores willsider. but walgreens says they have no choice to close those stores. >> we're going miss it >> shoppers upset over the pending closure on clement street

i'm whit johnson, in for david. and we begin with that deadly movie set tragedy. actor alec baldwin firing a prop gun, killing the movie's cinematographer and wounding the director. tonight, the production has been halted and the investigation is under way. baldwin is one of the producers of the western called "rust," filming in the desert on the outskirts of santa fe, new mexico. the projectile striking the director of photography, who was airlifted to the hospital but did not survive. she leaves behind a husband and a son. the director also wounded but treated at a hospital and released. images of a distraught alec baldwin after the incident. today he tweeted, there are no words to convey my shock and sadness, and saying he had reached out to hutchins' husband. tonight, amid the grief, we're learning the crew complained about safety on the set, saying there were at least two accidental discharges in the last week. abc's kaylee hartung leads us off in santa fe. >> reporter: tonight, abc news obtaining a search warrant into the horrifying movie set shooting.ppolic

i'm whit johnson in for david. and we begin with that deadly movie set tragedy. actor alec baldwin firing a prop gun, killing the movie's cinematographer and wounding the director. tonight, production has been halted and the investigation is under way. baldwin is one of the producers of the western called "rust", filming in the desert on the outskirts of santa fe new mexico. the projectile striking the director of photography, who was air lifted to the hospital, but did not survive. she leaves behind a husband and son. the director treated at a hospital and released. images of a distraught alec baldwin after the incident. today he tweeted, there are no words to convey my shock and sadness and saying he reached out to hutchens' husband. we're learning the crew complained about safety on the set, saying there were at least two accidental discharges in the last week. abc's kaylee hartung leads us off in santa fe. >> reporter: tonight, the urgent investigation into that horrifying movie set shooting. police say alec baldwin firing a prop gun, accidentally killing a c

>> all right, whit johnson on this again tonight. thank you, whit. >>> next this evening, a school shooting in memphis. a teenager opening fire in a stairwell. a 13-year-old boy in critical condition. here's abc's steve osunsami. >> reporter: parents at this south memphis grade school tonight just can't believe this is happening again in america and happening to them -- a teenage boy brought a gun to school and shot a 13-year-old student. >> they have a student that has been shot. possible suspect responsible is still inside the school. >> reporter: shortly after 9:15 this morning, memphis police had to race to cummings elementary school. with 500 students on lockdown, police swept the school searching for the child with the gun. >> the shooting occurred in a stairwell inside the school. and from the video evidence that we've reviewed, there were no other students around. >> reporter: police believe the boy with the firearm is also a 13-year-old student at the school and say he somehow left the school in a car. at this baptist church

i'm whit johnson in new york. have a great night. dion: we like that sound. fans simply thrilled as the giants clinch the nl west this afternoon. highlights and the joys of victory experience in the stands. >> he was yelling. he was saying shark. he was saying help. dion: a man in the water near bodega bay shares his experience witnessing a shark attack. quick action by witnesses to save the victim's life. marathon. a car on the course. witnesses described the scene. >> building a better bay area. this i >> got him. dion: got him is right. a winning moment built on 107 games. the city celebrates as the giants become nl west champions. good evening and thank you for joining us. you are watching abc 7 news at 5:00 on abc 7, hulu live, and wherever you happen to stream. right away, let's get to team coverage of the giants' nl west championship win. we start with chris alvarez, live for us at oracle with a look at the moments that led up to the giants' 11-4 victory. reporter: welcome to oracle park. all is quiet now, but this place has been rocking all weekend lo

whit johnson, thank you. that mandate remains in place, but we do want to get back to the potential covid pill from merck. so let's bring in dr. ashish jha, dean of the brown university school of public health. coming to us tonight from california. always great to have you. the fact that merck would stop this trial early after finding the pill, they say, cut hospitalizations and deaths in half, if this science holds up on this, this could be significant. >> good evening, david. thanks for having me back. absolutely. this is enormously important. you know, we've all been waiting for an oral pill that could reduce the severity of this illness. this might be it. we'll see what the full data looks like, but it's going to be an important tool in the fight against the pandemic. >> you know there are already concerns from some who fear that people will hear about this potential pill coming and ask, why get the vaccine if the pill will cut severity in half? >> yeah, you know, look, the pill is important, but vaccines

the new cdc study just out tonight and abc's whit johnson leading us off. >> reporter: tonight, that long-awaited fda greenlight. the pfizer vaccine authorized for 28 million children between the ages of 5 and 11. >> their ability to make an immune response actually in some ways is often better than it is in adults, and that's one of the reasons we were very gratified with the pfizer-biontech covid 19 vaccine that we could actually use a smaller dose. >> reporter: at just a third of the adult dose, the vaccine was found to be 91% effective against symptomatic illness, with some reporting mild side effects like sore arm, fever and headache. the first 15 million doses now expected to ship out within hours to doctors' offices, pharmacies, hospitals and clinics so they are ready to go into arms as early as wednesday after an expected signoff from the cdc. 11-year-old evie and 9-year-old grant koerner participated in pfizer's trial. >> this vaccine has been incredibly well researched and the importance of trying it on younger kids 5 through 11 age group was really just about getting the d

jha is here, and here's abc's whit johnson here in new york. >> reporter: tonight, a potential game changer in the battle against the virus. the first antiviral medication specifically designed to treat covid-19. pharmaceutical giant merck announcing that trials show its new drug, molnupiravir, may cut the risk of hospitalization or death in half. >> this is a pill you can take at home and will significantly reduce the risk that you either ultimately are hospitalized or more importantly, that you would ever face the unfortunate outcome of death. >> reporter: the drug consists of 4 pills taken every 12 hours for 5 days, beginning soon after testing positive. the trial included 775 patients with mild to moderate covid who had at least one risk factor for severe disease. after 29 days, no deaths reported in patients who received the drug, compared to eight deaths in patients who got a placebo. the drug also appeared to be effective against variants of concern like the delta strain. >> take something which is such a devastating disease like covid-19 and hopefully turns it into something that's

>> whit johnson, thank you as always. george? >>> now to the scandal rocking the nhl, a former chicago blackhawks player accused a coach of sexually assaulting him in 2010 and filed a lawsuit against the team for mishandling allegations. he is revealing his identity in a powerful interview. stephanie ramos has the story. good morning, stephanie. >> reporter: george, good morning. kyle beach is opening up in an interview about what he says happened to him when he was with the nhl team, the blackhawks. he says he has suppressed and buried the memory of the assault, but now it's time to share his story and heal. the chicago blackhawks triumphantly hoisted the stanley cup in 2010 but one member of that year's team was burying a secret he feared could destroy his career. kyle beach, the 11th pick in the 2008 draft says the team's video coach brad aldrich sexually assaulted and harassed him at a hotel during the run-up to the championship. >> until very recently i did not talk about it, i did not discuss it. i did not think about it. >

whit johnson joins us with more. good morning, whit. >> reporter: michael, good morning to you. if authorized this new antiviral medication would require a prescription. patients would then take a course of pills over a five-day period. studies show it works by stopping the covid virus from replicating in a sick patient and was effective at preventing people from going to the hospital or from dying. this morning, a potential new weapon in the fight against covid. pharmaceutical company merck releasing new data about their anti-viral drug which reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by up to 50% in clinical trials. >> this is the first oral anti-viral that will be available to combat covid-19, and why that's so important, if you think of it, if you're someone who is unfortunate enough to get the news that you've contracted covid-19, this is the pill, you can take it home and it will significantly reduce the risk that you either ultimately are hospitalized or more importantly that you would ever face the unfortunate outcome of death. >> reporter: the company says the results

whit johnson with more. good morning, whit. >> reporter: good morning, robin. by the end of the week the booster shot campaign in this country is likely to expand dramatically. any day now the fda is expected to give the green light to mix and match boosters shots and health experts are citing this new limited study that indicates a single shot of johnson & johnson followed by one dose of pfizer and moderna could offer more protection than another shot of johnson & johnson. according to the study antibodies were boosted by four times, but when boosted with pfizer they jumped 35 times and 36 times after a boost with moderna. a source saying that regulators will recommend people get the same brand for their boosters, but it won't be required giving patients and required more flexibility. robin? >> whit, talk more about the cdc panel meeting and about the boosters for moderna and j&j shot. >> reporter: the pfizer booster has been authorized for older americans. moderna and johnson & johnson are next in line. that's cdc advisory panel will meet today and tomorrow t

let's go back to whit johnson with more. good morning, again, whit. >> reporter: michael, good morning to you. once again, today that key fda panel has a lot to debate and review. first they're expected to vote on a recommendation for johnson & johnson booster shots. then they'll address theming question of whether mixing and matching vaccines could be safe and effective. er all this coming after that same panel voted yesterday to recommend moderna boosters for millions of americans, the group includes anyone 65 and older, 18 and older and at high risk of exposure to the virus at work. studies show the moderna vaccine remains highly effective against severe illness and hospitalization, but waning slightly when it comes to protecting against breakthroughs. they only require a half dose to restore protection. the fda and cdc need to sign off on moderna boosters which could come late next week. we also expect a decision soon on the pfizer vaccine for kids, ages 5-11 years old. that could come by early november. but the biden ad

whit johnson is on a much deserved vacation. ev pilgrim on an even more deserved maternity leave, and i feel like i won a sweepstakes to anchor with the superstars of abc. >> oh. >> oh, stop it. oh. >> to you at home, don't try to change anything on the tv. not the normal cast of characters. we're going to try to be easy on the furniture. i'm delighted to be here with the two of you. >> absolutely. if you're itching for a vacation, don't go looking on whit's instagram right now. >> much deserved. >> absolutely. they deserve the time off but we promise you're in at least four capable hands over here. and we have a lot of news to get to and we're going to begin with the latest on the pandemic. the latest cases down 39% in the last month but states like west virginia, alaska and montana are still seeing significant surges. >> covid-19 vaccines for children between the ages of 5 and 11 could be just weeks away at this point. the cdc's independent advisory board is planning to meet in the beginning of november to discuss that issue.

whit johnson is on a well-deserved vacation. eva pilgrim off with her newborn. guys, how are we feeling on day two? >> i'm good. you guys lift me up. i'm a night owl by nature. you give me that a little bit of that oomph this morning. >> look at this beautiful dress. you're just ready for the morning. >> that sunshine is going to carry us through. >>> also this morning, what's lifting us up, good news, actually. the new details about that happy ending in the search for a missing boy in texas. >> 3-year-old christopher ramirez found safe and sound. four days after wandering away from his house. a good samaritan who heard about the search, went out and looked himself and found the boy. >> just incredible. here's a photo of the boy minutes after getting him to safety. marcus moore is live in dallas with more. marcus, this is what we were all hoping for. >> reporter: gio, good morning. prayers were answered, people across the country are feeling that sense of relief. but no one more so than christopher's mother. reunited. after a landowner went searching on saturday

whit johnson is breaking it down for us. whit, let's break it down first of all by brand. who did the fda say is eligible for moderna or j&j >> robin, this is confusing. let's lay it out for you. for people who originally received the moderna vaccine eligibility is the same as the pfizer vaccine, including 65 years and older, 18 and older at high risk due to underlying health conditions. or where they live or work. unlike the pfizer booster the moderna booster is only a half-dose of the original size. for those who got the johnson & johnson vaccine, booster eligibility is much broader. anyone 18 and up, two months after their first shot. robin? >> the fda also authorized mixing and matching. exactly what does that mean? >> robin, this means if you're eligible for a booster shot regardless of which vaccine shot you originally received, you'll be able to choose which booster you want between any of the three vaccine brands available. this gives people flexibility here. most of this conversation revolves around the johnson & johnson vaccine. there were early studies that sugg

you're co-anchoring "gma" weekend with whit johnson and stephanie ramos. we cannot wait to check you out. >> all right. >> looking forward to it. >> i got the alarm clock set. >> early morning call. >> victor, thanks so much. >>> coming up, a new twist in the 36-year-old case, the former doctor convicted of killing his wife. our john quinones is here with the story. a story full of twists and turns. >>> plus, our supply chain solutions for halloween. tips for making sure you have what you need for the holiday. >>> and tory johnson has a big surprise for a small business owner as we celebrate ten years of "deals & steals." that's all ahead on "gma." it's kohl's lowest prices of the season and the perfect time to start your holiday gifting. get pillows and towels for just $2.99... women's jeans starting at $14.99... and boots starting at $24.99... even better? you can also earn kohl's cash! kohl's. for people living with h-i-v, keep being you. and ask your doctor about biktarvy. biktarvy is a complete, one-pill, once-a-day treatment used for h-i-v in certain

finally, we have whit johnson and his family as some of our favorite characters from "ted lasso." >> oh, my gosh. >> so i feel like -- >> you look amazing. >> he is the best ted lasso ever. this is another thing, mine your kids' closets. his daughter lea actually plays soccer so she had some of this gear. we were able to use our computer, print out some transfer paper for the logos and then for his daughter summer we were imagining how keely jones would look. we went for big sparkle and oversized bomber. >> roy kent, watch your language. >> and roy kent, copper as roy kent with his black tie and black outer coat there. they are such a great "ted lasso" family. we love this costume. >> you guys look fantastic. >> the happiest animal on earth, goldfish because got a ten-second memory. >> wow, he is all in. whit is all in. >> that's no longer whit. that's ted. >> everyone, the november issue of "good housekeeping" is on newsstands now. lori, thank you so much. great costume ideas and we will be right back. >> come on, boy. on, boy. when you hear the word healthy, it always feels a littl

whit? >> janai, thank you. joining us is dr. paul offit, vaccine expert from the children's hospital of philadelphia and a member of the fda advisory panel that voted to authorize the johnson & johnson booster shot. doctor, good morning to you. it's always good to have you. take us inside that panel meeting. you and some of your colleagues expressed some concern about a lack of long-term data, and yet the panel voted unanimously to recommend j&j boosters after just two months and for younger people as well. what went into that decision? >> when we considered the single dose j&j vaccine at the end of february, we knew at that time that the vaccine was roughly 74% effective against all illness, 85% effective against serious illness but we also knew they were in the midst of doing a two dose trial. 30,000-person two-dose trial. they knew from their so-called phase one studies their dose ranging studies they had shown there was a two to three-fold increase to neutralizing antibodies with the second dose. we look at this data, 30,000