owned in effect by the colony's government. the people worked together, shared and shared alike in the total production of the colony. it went like this. there was a common store house. each family brought all its produce of whatever kind to the store house. the government of the colony allocated the goods on the basis of equal shares for all. this was the christian spirit of sharing. our forefathers were people basically motivated by christian principles and many felt they would best progress under this economic arrangement and have full freedom, also, they thought they had an ideal economic system. even among the dedicated christians, however, with great measure of freedom the theory of government ownership of property and communal living did not work in practice. a few of the less indust trust colonists discovered no matter how little they produced and went to the store house, they had the same as their neighbors. they began to loaf, and the industrious began to slowdown, also. as the production of vegetables and grains and

the colony. it worked like this.n there was a common storehouse. each family brought all its produce of whatever kind to the store house into the government of the colony allocated the goods on a basis as equal shares for all. this was the christians. of sharing. many of them felt they could best progress under this arrangement and have full freedom also. they thought they had an ideal economic system even among these dedicated christians, however, is a great measure of freedom, the theory of government ownershipip of property and communal living did not work in practice. a few of the less industrial colonists discovered no little common to the store they still received a share equal with their neighbors. seeing they were being made as one family after another eased up on their work and the production of vegetables, grains and meat, the goods dwindled. they threatened to wipe out the colony. the leaders of the colony despaired and instead of providing plenty for all, the collectivist system produ

this is a first of trips taken over the next few years to the colony. the ability a to impact the disease was likely minimal, but he spent many hours in consultation with the puritan leaders of salem who had no fortune at the time, and then on leader visits, he engaged in similar discussions with john winthrop and other leaders of the 1630 migration. .... >> believed the plymouth faithful were servants of one master and of the same household. that god's people are all marked with one of the state mark then would've the same zeal and remain one of the same heart. guarded by one of the same spirit of truth. with this there could be no discord there must be sweet harmony. also significant in the letter book from charles one of those who arrived in salem. he not only engaged in discussions that he himself traveled to where he was entertained by bradford and brewster. by 1629 following the example of the initiative and the car got another sailor lehman to form a congregation to subscribe to a church covenant women chose as pastor and teacher to recently arri

and the colonies received that control as they put it which sounds a bit paranoid but as they thought as an attempt or a plot to enslave them. there was some truth to that. namely not that the british attempt intended to enslave but once you surrender control to parliament you couldn't be sure how far they would go . and each move the british make in 1770 seems to confirm the diagnosis that there is a plot to enslave them. and so by the time you get to 197576 , the americans believed that britain which is about to send 32,006 to invade, great britain is trying to enslave them. and in fact what the british ministry would say is we want to make it into colonists. second-classbritish citizens to be sure but not slaves . nevertheless, that misunderstanding persists and the british decision to militarize this conflict in 1774, 75 must stand as the greatest blunder in the history of british statehood . i think american readers might be able to understand a british thinking and british dilemma perhaps for the first time. a newly arrived world power brimming over with confidence , certain of

and palestine and colonialism. it's a very important but. >> host: want to show you some of the books that professor dunbar-ortiz is currently reading and they include haiti, intimacies, wayward, hun doer, immortality and samuel moyne's humane. william is in west palm beach florida. hello william. >> caller: thank you. can you recommend a book around monroe louisiana and if you have time comment on -- is that factored into the independence from britain? >> guest: repeat the last part >> host: are you still with us? >> caller: yes. britain's fleet -- freed the slaves before the states. did we see the writing on the wall if you will and did it influence succession from prison? >> guest: thankn you. thank you for that question. i'm sorry i don't know any sources but i will definitely look them up. >> host: just as general sense where would you recommend peoplo go if they want to read about specific areas? is there a library or a site that is one of your go to sites collects >> guest: i think all you have to do is goog

agent to the colonies to the english government. and the beginnings. english plantation, published in 1622 and generally known as morris relations. and windsor published other works, good news from new england, hypocrisy unmasked and new england salamander. thomas morton and other enemies of the economy published their own accounts of the pilgrim adventure and accounts which are much more early. including nathaniel morton and william haub barred had the advantage of speaking to men and women who themselves played a part in the colony story and incorporated those tales into their own narrative. drawing on all of these. we made an andtation that sometimes supplemented the narrative. equally significant our notes for bradford's other writings. during the last decade of his life. accounts of religious dimensions of the story. organizers and changes between the ancients of the economy and those of the younger generation, two of the three survived. they were in many ways unfiltered and in them dealt far more with the religion than in his

our speaker tonight is michelle kaufman the author of one colonial world. in the book she will be speaking on tonight. she recently served as a guest curator from the women of plymouth but then in the birthplace in any museum so without further ado please join me to welcome to speak this evening. >> thank you very much for arranging this talk at thank you to the massachusetts historical society for this wonderful opportunity. i have been using the resources for years and their collections and exhibitions the program and the staff is outstanding. so tonight as a historian i studied early american women. to be significantly underrepresented in telling america story. and about how half the population laid the foundation, we are not getting a full and accuratecc picture. i'm surprised she wasn't better-known but she was one the most powerful women in history. and when the pilgrims arrived and last until from massachusetts bay. so that recent penalty is that it's only been fairly recently and those didn'tto take place in the around. that they were worthy of stud

why has it been so difficult for belgium to reckon with its colonial past? ah, thank you and thank you for your are for inviting. it's a, it's a really interesting. i mean that it has been very interesting to see how belgium has a ah, addressed these colonial pass. and if it is a, it's only recently that a, with the, with the movement off rama us all social see the society activists that we have seen that a push sure, ah, to claim for or the recognition of the colonial past and the horror of the it will include the teaching of colonial pass in, in, in school. so i think it's, it's has been a very, a push from civil society organizations may have been asking and who didn't go to months are to the state without, with a lot of resistance from lot, from the, from the said a lot of resistant from a, a public institutions and it's only recently with them with their, their commission that we start to see a bit of changes. right. what changes precisely, i mean, this sir. truth and reconciliation commission that was set up by i think in 2020. what has there been able

center colonialism is a type of european colonialism it already existed because for two centuries they colonized ireland and they were introduced and settler colonialism devised it to push out the irish woodland that they own and this is how we get the scots irish which my father's family has descended from. when they came and migrated to the united states they came very seasoned colonialist in the. that established limited exist today as a contested territory is still under the british empire, these things are not just history this was the first developed over a couple centuries brought to north america and because of the first landings of the puritans before that jamestown and especially with jamestown which is played down with the mercenary john smith and armed violent immediate taking of the land in jamestown and pushing up people very violently they also found a product weren't squashing the triad of american agriculture before columbus. another item to buckle which they use for municipal purposes and ceremonies they didn't get addicted to it but started selling this and very quic

law with these decisions made in 1830 so colonialism must enter colonialism type of european colonialism that began in the time, it already existed, the british were well practiced because for centuries they colonized ireland and had been introduced, settler colonialism to push out the irish, client they owned and to bring in anglo and settlers so this is how we get scott irish which my father's family is from and when they migrated to the united states, it's very seasoned settler colonialist. they established holster, it still exists today and contested territory still under the british empire so these things are not just -- they are developed over a couple of interest centuries and implemented and then brought to north america's and because of the first landings of the puritans, before that, jamestown and especially jamestown which is always played down in u.s. history to favor the puritans and these mercenary jobs and the immediate taking of the land around jamestown and pushing out the people very violently and also found agrarian people, squash and beans, the triad of american agric

the colonies perceived that control as they put it as an attempt to enslave them. there was some truth to that. not that the british tended to enslave but once you surrender control from parliament you could it should be sure how far they would go.e each70 move the british make seems to confirm the diagnosis there was a plot to enslave them. so bylo the time you get to 1775 the americans believed they were about to send all those to invade them great britain enslave them but what the british ministry would say as second-class british citizens to be sure but not slaves and unless that misunderstanding persist in the british decision to militarize the conflict is the greatest blunder in the history of british statecraft american readers may be able to understand the british thinking and dilemma in the war perhaps for the first time. put it t this way to have the willpower brimming with confidence, certain of the invisibility militarily to step into a quagmire of the unwinnable war. that sounds pretty familiar to me. >> so your point of view is the colonies don't want

as a quick refresher the colonies were found in 1620 when the pilgrims arrived in last until 1692 when it was absorbed by massachusetts bay. so the reason penelope is a better note is it's only been fairly recently. that mr. tester studying women because their expenses didn't take place in the public realm and historians didn't think their experiences were worthy of study into the past few decades. but also penelope, like most of her contemporaries, she didn't leave much behind in rick russo writings. unlike the subject of my first book there's no diary for details of her life. but she does appear in the archival records and she did leave behind what's referred to as material culture, basically anything used by people. and in her case these items range from surviving cones to personal possessions to archaeological artifacts. and combined with the written sources that really helped shed light not only on her life it on the life of other women of the time and nondevelopment of new england. i'm going to strawberry giving a brief biography of penelope. she was born in 1633 in a village abo

past and or the it will include the teaching of colonial pass in, in, in school. so i think it's, it's has been a very, a push from civil society organizations that have been asking and leading those demands to the state without, with that a lot of resistance from, from the, from the state, a lot of resistance from a, a public institutions. and it's only recently with them with their, their commission that we start to see a bit of changes. if we want to talk about regression, we want to talk about our with dish and we have to, 1st of all, to come to set up a process. we're the people, the communities, the population, the country, there are concern. can i come at the table and discuss and then imagine what kind of preparations are a, is possible. and we're talking about simple equations. are we talking material reparation? are we talking about financial reparations? and from that, from that step, maybe we can identify the natural mission, but also the, the amount if we have to go through that way. but i don't think at this stage it's necessary as something that is

i have seen that under standing of what happened in the colonial period. filtering through to more and more people. it is now very, very compelling that these works are return. it is a matter, you can talk about spiritual things but it is extremely important for contemporary african artists that some of these works, these works are where they should be. i also believe that people talk about sharing works and things like that. i believe the ownership personally, should revert to the original owners. i also think there is a case for agreements to be made so that works can be displayed again for periods of time in the institutions that are have safeguarded these works over the years. allowing more and more people to see them internationally. i believe the principal ownership and the principal residency if you like, of these works should be back in the countries from which they were taken. mohammed: i saw you reacting to what some of he said there. when it comes to the possibility of returning looted works, will this be more of a case of artworks actually bein

what element of america and certainly part of the american revolution, the united colonies. so when does the continental army began, not necessarily part of the revolution but were going to see the story. so a couple of classes ago we were talking about the french and indian war and the french and indian war was a world war that fundamentally altered several different nations primarily france, from the north american continent, britain and the british colonies. many americans fought alongside the british soldiers and officers in the war. what were some of the things that transpired. okay so a lot of ways the british are looking down on the colonists for a number of reasons and that was or had to do with a lack of former military training and some of it had to do with how they dressed. wilson others a lot of resistance and a large over who holds a higher ranks of the colonial officer outbreak a british officer and as you recall the british officers are lower ranked freighted payout rate any colonial officer in this outraged washington. so back to the french indian war and sta

would by no means be the end of the british colonies. home territory so it is easier for the british to say enough is enough it's over that would have been for the americans because they would have had a would have had up his if they try to and there was a small fact that they identified as traders by the english -- british government and in their would have been sanctions. those who if you also talk about how the rivalry between britain and france impacted how not only the american roof revolutionary war was fought the before and how critical french support was to the ultimate victory of the colonists. >> france plays a role large role in this and since you are the french indian war era minders to our viewers and listeners that the french and indian war was not the french against the indians. it was the americans and despite we'll call the americans the british, the anglo-americans and their indian allies against the french and the french indian allies in the reason i mention this is he wasn't simply americans and british fighting for c

the colonies have about 2 million folks in all of the colonies. that is including children, women, and slaves. so, there is a lot. there's a lot of numbers to go with this for england. we have a lot of military, would also think about that's working for them. >> everything is standardized. uniforms, guns, artillery, it's not piecemeal. >> sure. again, it's a new war, a new place. they have done this before, elsewhere. so they get to lean on that to. what else? >> going along with that, they have a well practiced system of quartermaster's. >> sure. supply will be a challenge for them. it's something you need to remember. there's a big ocean in the way. we yes, they are able to use canada, and yes they are able to use the west indies, which is where the navy comes in. nevertheless, it is a long way back to england for orders. think back to poor guttural j.j., stuck in boston, waiting to find out what has happened. what do i do now? well, you have to wait for that. same thing goes for supplies. we will see that several times, were things that they wi

the colonies, you have about 2 million folks in all of the colonies. that's including men, women, children, and slaves. so there's a lot of -- there's a -- they have the numbers to go along with this. so all right, we have a lot of military. what else have they got that's working for them? >> whether it's uniforms or guns, artillery. it's not piecemeal. >> sure, and again, it's just a new flight. they have done this before elsewhere, so they're going with that. yeah. kevin. >> going along with that, they have a well practiced system of quarter masters. >> sure. now, supply will be a bit of a challenge for them, something you need to remember is that there's a big ocean in the way. yes, they are able to use canada, yes, they're able to use their weapons. this is where the royal navy comes in. nevertheless, it's a long way back to england for orders. think back before general gauge who stuck in boston waiting to find out what's happened, what do i do now? well, you have to wait for that. same thing goes with supplies. we're going to see this several time

americans, having had a different experience over their colonial, 200 years of colonial history, 150 years of colonial history, have come up with a different notion. for them, the electoral process itself becomes the determinant of representation. and that has its own consequences. and from some sense, you can probably make an argument that virtual representation accounts for majority rule, whereas the notion where you have to vote for somebody, actually vote for somebody, have them represent you, really opens up the problem of why should you defer to a candidate you didn't vote for? the english have a solution to that problem. the americans really don't have a solution. or a notion of actual representation. actually vote for the person if you're going to be represented. it starts with representation, but -- it shifts into a question of sovereignty because the -- with -- which runs through the whole revolutionary era and comes back to haunt the federalist later in 17 -- the doctrine of sovereignty says there must be, in every state, one final supreme lawmaking authority and for the e

he had ten volumes on the colonial period he thought the colonial period was the founding of america. in fact, 1820 the constitutional convention in new york they revived in the constitution. mark vanburen who becomes the first american politician as the president, he did nothing he never had any great speech, he never negotiated a great treaty he was simply the most stupid politician that america had ever seen he organize a new york party that brought him into prominence. in that convention he said washington and jefferson he says forget about them their aristocrats, they have nothing to do with democrats. that was one of the great arguments of the antifederalists. the whole system is aristocratic it's creating a government which will benefit at the expense of the many. mark vanburen almost single-handedly is lincoln who makes the founders that we talk about, he is the one who says the man that created the declaration of independence, the document that makes the blood of blood in the flesh of the flesh of all of these immigrants that are coming for america with the founders, the fles

return art works that were pillaged, plundered, looted during colonial times. after, in fact, it is, it is thought that nearly 90 percent of africa's cultural heritage is actually held in museums across europe and a macros initiative. if you like. us only sparked a lot of debate in other european countries about returning out works to africa, not all museums, happy about, of course, because they know that they museums might be to police. it of the things that many people come to see, but it has bought a lot of debate on a lot of thought and a process in many of these countries of sending out works back to africa. artworks that was stolen more than a century ago. ok. natasha, but they're bringing up to date from paris. thank you. natasha. parts of india are seeing a significant spike in den gay infections. most are in 8 states. hospitals are being asked to retire wrecked cove with 19 beds to taken patience with the mosquito borne to seize 4 of the metal reports for new delhi. this was supposed to be a festive time for the caution families. they're sending out in

he had ten volumes on the colonial period. the colonial period was the founding of america. it's almost -- in fact, in 1820, at the constitutional convention in europe, they were revising the constitution. martin then buren becomes the first politician as a president. he never had any great speech, never won a battle, never negotiated a treaty. he was simply the most politician that america had seen up to that point. in that convention, he says, look, these guys washington, jefferson, forget about them. they are aristocrats and had nothing to do with us, we are democrats. and that was one of the arguments. that the whole settlement is aristocratic. creating a government which will benefit at the expense of the many. so martin van buren almost singlehandedly -- it's lincoln who makes the founders the founders that we talk about. he is the one who says that the man are the man who created the declaration of independence, the document that makes the blood in the flesh of the flesh of all of these immigrants that are coming. the flesh of the flesh of the people who drew up that

wealthiest colonies you have got. he does his best but he is starting from square one. when he gets to boston, teach how to dig latrines and basic hygiene as well as figure out how to use the weapon as well as the regional politics. his work is cut out for him and not hating on george, he doesn't do the best of jobs in the beginning but a huge learning curve. he has a lot to learn. a lot of forces in the field. he's not everybody's favorite choice as we will see. he has to fight for his job and play the politics. poor george has his work cut out for him. next your field army. these are your continentals. that is me. they are led by major general brigadier general who will answer to washington and they will be deployed in various places depending where the british hang out. and down here is your militia. these are your local defense forces. i said to talk about militia. as we already said, every man between the ages of 16 and 50 will be a member of your local militia. you are the go to guy, if something happens, with o

now belgium's parliament is set to examine crimes committed during the countries colonial era. some em, he say it's time to confront atrocities committed and congo, maroni and rwanda, according brussels, is now considering a law suit brought by 5 women who say they were abducted by from their families by belgian colonial authorities. and asked about that reports from brussels. the photo shows les tavares as a child in congo in the 1950s. what it doesn't reveal though, is her suffering and pain layer was born under belgian colonial rule to a white portuguese father, a black congolese mother. but mixed race, couples were forbidden, and their children were considered a threat to white supremacy. so when layer was 2 years old, belgian police seized her from her home and placed her in a catholic institution, far away, severing her from her family. and play. come to pass her own pasano mamma on play. when we thought about our mothers, we cried all to their want their mother's fun. we wanted our mother's warm tongue, but she wasn't. there had mom layer is one of 5 by racial women. now

now belgium's parliament is set to examine crimes committed during the country as colonial era. some and he say it's now time to confront atrocities committed and congo, burundi and rwanda. now, a course in brussels is considering a law suit being bought by 5 women who say they were abducted from their families by belgian colonial authorities. natasha butler reports from brussels. the photo shows lay tavares as a child in congo in the 1950s. what it doesn't reveal though, is her suffering and pain layer was born on the belgian colonial rule to a white portuguese father, a black congolese mother. but mixed race, couples were forbidden, and their children were considered a threat to white supremacy. so when layer was 2 years old beltran police seized her from her home and placed her in a catholic institution, far away, suffering her from her family and blurry, come to pass her own pasano mamma and put it when we thought about our mothers re cried. all to their want their mothers. we wanted their mother's warm things, but she wasn't. there had mom. layer is one of 5 by racial women

americans having had a different experience of their 200 years of colonial history, 150 years of colonial history. have come up with a different notion. for them the electoral process itself becomes the determinant of representation and that has its own consequences. and in some sense you could probably make an argument that virtual representation accounts for majority rule. where as the notion that you have to vote for someone, actually vote for someone so have them represent you really opens up the problem of why should you defer to a candidate you didn't vote for? the english have a solution to that problem. the americans really don't have a solution. the notion of actual representation which says you must actually vote for the person if you are going to be represented. it starts with representation. but by the late sixties it shifts into a question of sovereignty. because the english come back with this doctrine of sovereignty which runs through the whole revolutionary era and comes back to haunt the federalists later in 1787, '88. the doctrine of sovereignty says there must be in eve

what it doesn't reveal though, is her suffering and pain lay was born on the belgian colonial rule to a white portuguese father, a black congolese mother. but mixed race, couples were forbidden, and their children were considered a threat to white supremacy. so when layer was 2 years old beltran police seized her from her home and placed her in a catholic institution, far away, suffering her from a family of blurry. come to pass her own pasano mamma and put it when we thought about our mothers. we cried all to their want their mother's farm. we wanted their mother's warm tongue, but she wasn't. there. had mama layer is one of 5 by racial women now suing the belgian state for crimes against humanity and seeking compensation certification of whether you, what we want the belgians they to do is explain why they abducted us from our families and mistreated us why they took away our rights and cut us off from our roots and the world, so baskets at dinner campaign, a se, tens of thousands of children were torn from their families in belgium's colonies. the span today's, the asi, rwanda and

butler in brussels with 5 by racial women who say they're ducted from their families and to belgians colonial rule. i'll suing the state. ah, hello, we break in this program in sudan where the prime minister is promising a path to democracy after being reinstated under an agreement with the military. abdullah hum dog was ousted nearly a month ago when the army chief seized power and dissolved his cabinet. he now needs to build a new one. bo, it's not clear how much power then you government will have. the u. s. says welcomed ham docs return, but sedans, largest opposition coalition is refusing to recognize any agreement that shays power. with the military, i'm doubt, explained what the new government will eventually look like. as he spoke exclusively to al jazeera and fickle associates feel how cool i'm glad you in the cold concept of the upcoming government, is that it will be a technocratic government made up of sudanese qualified professionals. then about with one and a half years left out of the transitional period. the whole, the upcoming government, according to me, should focus on very

and to belgian colonial rule. also in the states, ah hello and welcome to the program. we begin in sudan where the prime minister is promising a path to democracy. after being reign stated under an agreement with the military . abdullah hm, doc was ousted nearly a month ago when the army chief seized power and dissolved his government in our needs to build a new one. though it's not clear how much power the new government will have. the u . s. has welcomed ham docs return, but sedans, largest opposition coalition is refusing to recognize any agreement that she has power with the military dog explained what the new government will eventually look like. as he spoke exclusively to al jazeera and fickle says, he'll feel her home and read him in the co concept of the upcoming government is that it will be at tech. aquatic government made up of sudanese qualified professionals about with one and a half years left out of the transitional period. the whole why the upcoming government, according to me, should focus on very specific issues, chiefly the completion of transition in

americans having had a different experience over their colonial 200 years of or 150 years colonial history, for them the electoral process itself becomes the determination of representation. and that has its own consequences. and in some sense you could probably make an argument that virtual representation accounts for majority rule whereas the notion that you have to vote for someone having represent you really opens up the problem of why should you -- why should you defer to a candidate who you didn't vote for. the english has a solution to that problem. the americans really don't have a solution. a notion of actual representation which says you must actually vote for the person if you're going to be represented. it starts with the representation but by the late 60s it shifts into a question of sovereignty because the english come back with this doctrine of sovereignty, which runs through the whole revolutionary era. and comes back to haunt the federalists later in 1787, '88. but the doctor of sovereignty said there must be in every state one final supreme law-making authority and for th

where 5 bi racial women who say their room doctor from their families, and a belgian colonial rule, suing the state. awe, thanks for joining as much of europe appears to be back where it was at the beginning of the pandemic. their record high infection, numbers locked dance are in place and many governments are struggling to contain a resurgence virus. the world health organization says it's concerned. austria has imposed a full nationwide lockdown. the 1st you country to do so. people are only allowed to leave their home for groceries. doctors visits and exercise in germany. hospitals are running out of intensive care. bet it care unit beds, chance the angler merkel says the restrictions in pace now simply are not enough. health minister is urging more citizens to get vaccinated if you had them ended jesus been to us probably by the end of this winter. pretty much everyone in germany at some time being said so much simply, what has been vaccinated recovered or have died? it's true with a highly contagious delta variance. this is very, very like the and the netherlands. i've seen a 3rd ni

okay, we been in conversation, one of the countries leading historians the revolutionary and more in colonial work. and about his note book, cause". joseph ellis. >> thank you pretty. >> in your watching book tv coverage of this year's national book festival and that was joseph ellis talking about his newest book "the cause" the american revolution and its discontent and is now, professor joseph ellis joins us live in will take your calls in the american revolution, founding fathers in the numbers are up on the screen pretty 202 is the area code 8200 for you in the eastern central time zones and 748-8201 of you live out in the mountain pacific time zone and that there is a third line set aside for messages if you want to send a text message the question or comment pretty (202)748-8903 and reminder that that is only for the text messages and please include your first name and your city and we will begin taking your calls in just a minute. professor joseph ellis, you said during your interview with david rubenstein, a little bit earlier that the immersion revolution and rebellion was a power is

it's set up a commission to examine the country's colonial history in the wake of black lives matter protests. richard miller, the commission's goal is to hail a wound of quarter lawyers be a scar, but if we don't treat this wound up, it'll lead to more of the racism and discrimination. norman, we can see in belgium today, so we must woocommerce, the government's apology isn't enough. she wants answers reparations and for future generations to better understand the abuses of belgium's colonial passed. taking the state to court hasn't been easy. but after decades of silence layer hopes for justice natasha butler al jazeera, brussels to people can napkin haiti last month have been released, according to christian aid ministries. they were among the 17 missionaries from the us, and canada, including 5 children, abducted ne auto prince 5 weeks ago. phil laval has more on this story from washington. we have learned that to the hostages and haiti were released, we can tell you that they are in good spirits, that being careful, that is it. there are no names. there's no identity, there's no

now you can go way back into the colonial tradition. the original model which gordon probably knows is the original model of virginia was in latin. virginia the fourth. i hope it's the fourth. the point was that virginia was the first colony and therefore equivalent to scotland. it was an independent domain like scotland. virginia may 4, virginia makes for if you translate it and the other was scotland and the other is england and i hate that the other is quail. the point was where just under the king and our assembly should be equivalent to parliament. and that's where the other place they tried to come down at one point would be franklin's argument. representatives in england but i agree, that didn't fly or a variety of practical reasons but the argument could be okay . where is the equivalent of england . this would be the analogy of so as they would often say hanover. hanover was directly under the king . he was a ruler there. let's be like that. that's why as you're pointing out when they have to transfer sovereignty and they have

. >> we've been in conversation with joseph ellis and that colonial period of time about his new book the cause. thank you very much for this conversation. >> thank you david. >> are watching book tvs coverage of this year's national book festival that was joseph ellis talking about his newest book because of the american revolution and itsdiscontents and now from vermont , professor ellis windows live to take your calls on the american revolution. the founding fathers, numbers are up on the screen.202 is the area code, 728-8400 for those of you in the eastern time zone. 748201 if you live in the mountain and pacific time zones and there's a third line set aside for text messages if you want to send a text message with aquestion or comment . 202 ex748 8903. reminder that that is only for text messages. please include your first name and your city. we will begin taking your calls in just a minute. professor ellis, you said during your interview with david rubenstein a little bit earlier that the american revolution or the american rebellion was a power issue i, not a money issue. could

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in the eye of reason and truth, the colony is better offering than a victory. the citizens of the united states should rather cherish the memory of those who founded a state on the basis of democratic liberty, the fathers of the country, the men who scattered the seminal principles of republican freedom and national independence. so notice that by the time of bancroft this is what the pilgrims are, republican freedom and national independence. they are origins of that. right? so this is the way in which the pilgrims begin to become nationalized at this moment into a story. and we're going to talk in two weeks, we're going to read other documents to think about that other aspect; that is, how do we get from that story to the spread of that story west and what's the relationship between american exceptional limb and manifest destiny and ideas such as that, all right? let me leave it there for just a second and ask if there's any questions that you guys want to talk about. so just to review some of these important points, it takes means to build history, right? hi

and from the colony of u. k. but cartoon has always been very powerful that even the chinese government knows that to some extent they're quite afraid of. it was quite a little bit of lucky for me. i'm currently working from daddy and danny. i think this is the only 2 newspaper that allow me to, to cartoon. but there are a lot of father young cotton 1st off the job and they were quite afraid of the new national security law. they don't want to draw the national flag or the hong kong stack and they won't play with the national anthem. they used to make fun of seeing things so right right now they are afraid of doing as trying to cotton their red lines everywhere. and we won't know where the red line moved on one side from rock direction. and it's actually the casing right now in hong kong. me. so it's important for us to, to keep on trying to and to one day this is a lie. if the thing that they're, they're not going to do something i'm asked, but to me as a constant is of cause we have to use this opportunity to,