a social club for cooperative venture, your friday night poker game is a cooperative venture. families are in large part a cooperative venture cooperation is this form of organization by which we come together voluntarily agreedto do things . as we started this book are intent was to say look, collaboration is good , coercion is bad and that'sthe story . and the book proceeded along those lines until we got to the last chapter and the last chapter just wasn't fitting. things didn't fit together and we realize this is not the story of cooperation, good coercion back. rather it's a story of faced with all sorts of problems, we have these two tools in front of us, cooperation and coercion. most problems cooperation is the appropriate tool. butthere are some problems they tend to be limited but there are some problems for which coercion is the appropriate tool. once we came to that realization that these are 2 tools and the trick is to apply the right tool to the right problem the book all came together into some nice uniform flow . but you're correct, what we end up with his gove

yes, and in fact, cooperation is ubiquitous on the planet. we see lots and lots of species that behave socially like we do. and i think it's often quite tempting. in fact, when we thinking about comparing human behavior to what we see in the species, to instinctively, always think about our closest living relatives on the planet by chimpanzees and no bows and the other grey tapes. but in fact, one of the sort of biggest revelations is that often where we find the most profound similarities between our own species and non human species on the planet is not actually in our closest living relatives. but it's been much more distant connections. things like, for example, mere cats live in very tight knit family groups in the calorie. does it species like clean a fish that lives on coral reefs throughout the day? civic we know that that species routinely interacts with strangers and the cooperation in that system is maintained by a very similar distance to those that we use. so things like punishment for failure to cooperate and rudimentary concern

and they might cooperate for psychologically very pure reasons. and, but that isn't say that those that those actions can't still yield reputation benefits. and that's why those things, in fact, i have been selected for in an evolutionary sense. hi, willing to call her. my name is annette. i'm originally from germany. and some people seem to see establishing dominance and achieving status. and as part as a reason for selfish and inconsiderate behavior, has that as sort of self awareness changed you to be more visible and therefore more scrutinized online. as a species, the human and tendency to resist big shot behavior and to resist over displays of dominance and to bring those individuals back in line is something that has been with us for much, much longer than social media. so that tendency to bring those individuals down a peg or 2 is something that's been really widely studied in lots and lots of and pre industrial and contemporary non industrial societies. and in some respects, that is one of the key differences between humans and say, a chi

strategic alignment of security cooperation. that includes the part of the fence and debarment of state as demonstrated by today's hearings which internal to the affirmative defense we are tightening our alignment. we brought the defense security cooperation agency under the umbrella of the assistant secretary of strategy and capabilities in the office of the secretary of defense for policies to facilitate better collaboration and coordination within the debarment of the fence and our external partners as we also formed a new office for global partnership which deliberately integrates humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and human rights with existing processes related to security cooperation. we are emphasizing the centrality of these areas of defense cooperation in a way that benefits allies and partners in need. this requires teamwork and i can assure you our entire team is focused on embracing it. the department focus on security cooperation has evolved over time and greatly benefited from congressional reform. five year

so that so big group, cooperative farming endeavors. bring in ancient greece. that was impossible because it's mostly the terrible for farming. the soil isn't good enough and it was around it's, i think a 1000 individual city states um cliffs descending to see rocky islands says that. so in order to get along and get ahead, kind of had to be a bit more of a self starter. you had to be somebody that was be a potter or you know, attending a few, oliver only trees in your garden to make oil. so that crazy kind of individualistic ideal of self, where in order to survive, to get long as you get to kind of push yourself kind of forwards. and of course, very fascinatingly in ancient greece, we see things like the narcissism, messy, know, narcissus, who kind of had in love with his image. you get, you know, great sporting competitions, you get the idea of self esteem. you get the idea that education is a kind of fascinating kind of theory. you know, it's not binary, but the west and emphasis on me. me, me, me, me comes from the physical landscape of, of ancient greece.

and strategic alignment of security cooperation. that includes the department of defense and department of state. we are tightening the alignment and recently brought the defense security cooperation agency under the umbrella with the assistant secretary for plans and capabilities in the office of the secretary defense policy to facilitate better collaboration and coordination within the department of defense and our external partners. we formed a new office for global partnerships which deliberately integrates humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and human rights with the existing processes related to security cooperation. we are emphasizing the centrality of the areas in a way that benefits allies and partners in need. it requires teamwork and i can assure you that our entire team is focused on and raising it. d.the departments focus on security cooperation has evolved over time and it is greatly benefited from congressional reforms. securityti cooperation should be deliberate and holistic and reflect the values the united sta

so that so big group, cooperative farming endeavors bring in ancient greece. that was impossible because it's mostly the terrible for farming. the soil isn't good enough and it was around it's, i think a 1000 individual city states um chris, descending to see rocky islands says that so noticed the gallow and go ahead kind of had to be a bit more of a self starter. you had to be somebody that was be a potter or you know, attending a few, oliver only trees in your garden to make oil. so that creates just kind of individualistic ideal of self, where in order to survive, to get long as you get to kind of push yourself kind of forwards. and of course, very fascinatingly in ancient greece, we see things like the narcissism, messy, know, narcissus, who kind of had in love with his image. you get, you know, great sporting competitions, you get the idea of self esteem. you get the idea that education is a kind of fascinating kind of theory. you know, it's not binary, but the west and emphasis on me. me, me, me, me comes from the physical landscape of, of ancient greece

cooperational reforms. five years ago congress enacted unprecedented legislation empowering the department to support allies and partners through a consolidated range of title 10 u.s. code security cooperation authorities designed to advance u.s. interests and with full coordination of the department of state. in doing so, the message was clear. security cooperation should be deliberate and holistic. it should evolve based on consistent learning and reflect the values the united states stands for. today our cooperation with allies and partners includes military to military engagements, capacity building, education and training activities, humanitarian assistance activities, and robust exercises with key partners. while the department has implemented these reforms through meaningful improvements to security cooperation, more remains to be done. to seize the opportunity for further change, we are focusing on three priority areas. prioritizing who and what we invest in, focusing on sustainable impact, and adop

on the defense frowned, it is a major security cooperation partner of the u.s. in fact the only country with this. more than 30 years we've had the defense cooperation in 1990 and recently renewed in 2019 which has provided the u.s. military access to the naval bases. we are also expanding the cooperation into new areas for the digital economy, sustainable development and even space. singapore deeply appreciates the leadership and strengthening u.s. engagement in the region. we welcome the intention to host the special summit soon. it's a strong affirmation of the american commitment to southeast asia. we discussed the importance of the strategic and economic states in the asia-pacific. it's important to advance the agenda that's open, inclusive, up-to-date and flexible. we therefore welcome america's proposed indo pacific economic framework which would strengthen america's engagement in the regional economic architecture. i discussed on the recent visit to europe by the ongoing crisis in ukraine. a staunch supporter of international law that prohibits against t

, how we could harness our kind of genius for cooperation. the future is going to make the world of happier if it more successful. you know, on the one hand, our ability to widen our social circles and to cooperate. more global scales with other people is really undoubtedly the reason that we managed to, you know, leave the environment in which humans evolved and to eventually color is the globe . and so, you know, cooperating outside of our immediate family is a major part of our human success story. but it's also the reason that we are now massively overpopulating the globe and over using the natural resources. and so it's hard to say actually, whether our tendency to scale up that corporation in our co perceive ability is ultimately our, you know, is our winning safe power or is it our undoing? i don't know. what do you think i think was often missed? is that we are hardly corporate if we tend to corporate mostly within our own groups. and i think that's perhaps the hard, the hard problem to crack for humans because we, because we are inef

cooperating on everything from cybersecurity to space exploration. promoting a broad-based economic growth throughout the indo pacific. including by working together to develop an indo pacific economic framework that will drive enduring prosperity across the region. so, we have a large agenda, mr. prime minister. an important agenda. a shared vision that we are jointly pursuing. a free and open indo pacific, that is connected, prosperous, and more secure and more resilient. and the u.s. partnership is essential to realize that future. thank you again, prime minister li. i always appreciate consulting with you. as i told you, both you and singapore punch way above your weight. and i value the time we spend together and look forward to many more meetings. the floor is yours. prime minister li: thank you, president biden. thank you for those warm remarks. president biden, ladies and gentlemen, i'd like to thank the president for the very warm welcome that i and my delegation have received. we are on the sidelines in the g-20 summit but must has changed

secretary. >> cooper: did you think about it on that day? >> buttigeig: yeah. yeah, i mean, it was hard not to think about it. it wasn't that long ago that being gay meant that you couldn't have any job in the federal government, never mind being a soldier or a cabinet officer. you couldn't be a bookkeeper. you could lose your job-- >> cooper: and you could be fired if you were. >> buttigeig: and many people were. and to know now that-- that-- i can be who i am and have this job, i-- i know what that means for a lot of people. >> cooper: in august 2021, buttigieg and his husband, chasten adopted newborn twins, a boy and a girl. the twins were born prematurely, and their son gus spent time in intensive care. but as supply chain problems mounted last fall, buttigieg came under attack for taking parental leave during a crisis. >> tucker carlson: pete buttigieg has been on leave from his job since august after adopting a child, paternity leave, they call it, trying to figure out how to breastfeed, no word on how that went. >> cooper: were you surprised by-- by that

and cooperation where possible. the more important it is to enhance understanding and mutual trust. the paths of dialogue and cooperation to become wider and wider rather than narrow. differences among states and international systems and ideologies should not become an obstacle to a dialogue. second, the world is indivisible paid security is indivisible. in the final act, the important principle of individual security was established. this carries special significance under the current circumstances. it should not only be upheld, but implemented. the final solution to the crisis in ukraine is to take seriously and respect the reasonable security concerns of all states in a balanced, effective and stable european security architecture. the cold war was over long ago. cold war mentality based on confrontation should be completely rejected, sticking to hegemony and provoking block confrontation will only bring the world disaster and exacerbate turmoil. that is the case in europe. it's also the case in other regions. t

it and compliance and large scale cooperation. which is basically people's willingness to do something this really difficult for profoundly social species like we are a lot of the stories in the media have and still are in some ways focusing on isolated incidences of non compliance. but i think it may really missed the bigger story in some ways, the more surprising story about it, which was the actually compliance and, and large scale corporation was really, really high for the majority of the time throughout the pandemic. and so i think in some senses there can be a ways in which the media, by focusing on sort of isolated instances of non compliance, can send a message to people that non compliance is much more common than actually it isn't . and can therefore, actually i want to undermine the cooperation is going on. thank you. thanks for the question. hello will and nicholas on his on the book talk, stay podcast. thank you so much for doing this talk. my question for you both is how does our ability to cooperate conflict with o

yes, and in fact, cooperation is ubiquitous on the planet. we see lots and lots of species that behave socially like we do. and i think it's often quite tempting. in fact, when we thinking about comparing human behavior to what we see in the species, to instinctively, always think about our closest living relatives on the planet by chimpanzees and no bows and the other grey tapes. but in fact, one of the sort of biggest revelations is that often where we find the most profound similarities between our own species and non human species on the planet is not actually in our closest living relatives. but it is much more distant connections. things like, for example, mere cats live in very tight knit family groups in the calorie. does it species like clean a fish that lives on coral reefs throughout the pacific? we know that that species routinely interacts with strangers and the cooperation in that system is maintained by very similar systems to those that we use. so things like punishment for failure to cooperate and rudimentary concern for repu

and they might cooperate for psychologically very pure reasons. and, but that isn't say that those, that those actions can't still yield reputation benefits, and that's why those things, in fact, i have been selected for in an evolutionary sense. hi willa, nicola, my name is annette. i'm originally from germany. i'm some people seem to see establishing dominance and achieving status. and as far as the reason for selfish and inconsiderate behavior has that as sort of self awareness changed you to being more visible and therefore most scrutinized online. as a species, the human and tendency to resist big shot behavior and to resist over displays of dominance and to bring those individuals back in line is something that has been with us for much, much longer than social media. so that tendency to bring those individuals down a peg or 2 is something that's been really widely studied in lots and lots of and pre industrial and contemporary non industrial societies. and in some respects, that is one of the key differences between humans and say, a chimpa

hope of obviously energy cooperation is at the top of our list. you'll be aware of the fact that germany has set itself the abs, vicious aim of phasing out fossil fuels very quickly for months if you are in not even 25 years less than that. that means for power generation from renewables winds former offshore onshore and solar bio capacities we need to improve as well. we're going to have to import some power to listen and will have to cooperate with others . hydrogen is another issue, but if you are such a big industrial country as germany, you will have to import of power from somewhere. and therefore, we are also looking at how we can import renewable lights or the power of truth, as well as generating our own. we need to diversify ah, well energy portfolio within europe in terms of gas or oil and coal from other sources than from russia. because we don't want to blame, remain in our dependent situation that we find ourselves in. now we need to have a sovereignty to make our own decisions depend on them to, regardless of how geopolitical things

and they might cooperate for psychologically very pure reasons. and, but that isn't say that those that those actions can't still yield reputation benefits. and that's why those things, in fact, i have been selected for in an evolutionary sense. hi willa nicole, my name is annette. i'm originally from germany. and some people seem to see establishing dominance and achieving status. and as part as the reason for selfish and inconsiderate behavior, has that as sort of self awareness changed you to being more visible and therefore more scrutinized online. as a species, the human and tendency to resist big, sharp behavior and to resist over displays of dominance and to bring those individuals back in line is something that has been with us for much, much longer than social media. so that tendency to bring those individuals down a peg or 2 is something that's been really widely studied in lots and lots of and pre industrial and contemporary non industrial societies. and in some respects, that is one of the key differences between humans and say, a chim

cooperation part of the u.s. in fact the only country with the status. for more than 30 years we have had an mou on defense cooperation signed in 1990 and recently renewed in 2019. which has provided the u.s. military access to singapore's naval bases for expanding our cooperation to new areas including cybersecurity, digital economy, sustainable development, and even space. singapore deeply appreciates president biden's leadership and strengthening u.s. engagement in the region. we welcome of a strong affirmation of commitment to southeast asia and neutrality. the president and i discussed the importance of the u.s. growing both its strategic and economic stakes in the asia-pacific. it's important to advance a positive economic agenda that is open, inclusive, up-to-date and flexible. we therefore welcome america's proposed indo pacific economic framework which strengthens discussed with the recent visit to europe in the ongoing crisis in ukraine. staunch supporter of international law and the un charter which prohibits acts of integration against the so

cooperative use in poland. now, we would like to have more forms of such cooperation in the military sphere. mr. president, all of that is strengthened immensely by your visit. we are so much grateful for that. this is also important for the representatives of the u.s. and business circles. mr. president, we are so much grateful for your visit. this is a very difficult situation, what is happening in ukraine. this russian aggression and this huge tragedy of the ukrainian people. all of us together are experiencing it with them, and this also creates a great sense of threat for my compatriots, from the polish people, because we know what russian imperialism stands for and what it means to be attacked by russian forces. sometimes even our -- experience that. thank you for your presence and your incredible leadership, strong leadership, and very strong voice of the united states, which leads us and calls on russia to stop its aggression against ukraine. we stand with the united states. along with the united states

security cooperation and assistance planning. treat long term institutional capacity building as our primary mission. as a piece of this, human rights and the rule of law is really at the center of the discussion about security sector cooperation -- i'm sorry, security sector governance and we look forward to working with all of you and the many members on this committee who have focused on this topic. second, state's authorities require more flexibility. if we are to address emerging crises and opportunities in today's geopolitical environment, greater flexibility is needed on several fronts. greater flexibility for fmf and pko funding would allow the department to be more responsive and in certain circumstances result in cost saving. i would also encourage the appropriation of funds on a more regional or functional basis. third, because there is no freestanding acquisition system for fms, we encourage congress to work with dod colleagues to seek efficiency and make reform to the federal acquisition process. fourth, to ensure se

and i think the big question for us is how we can cooperate to generate global benefits and not just global costs. and with that, i think we should allow for some q and a from the audience. mike, we're, we're funding, great to make people of this, of the theory specially with were, that's the work seems that they are not real. i mean, so how do you go about countering those theory? you know what d g john h? that is a really important question actually essentially what you're talking about is changing people's minds. and that's a really difficult thing to do. in particular, when people have views that are quite entrenched and when repeating to them your own view can in some ways make their own view become more solidified. there is somewhat from baverly, cannot make suggest that one effective way to change people's minds. for example, in the context of a conspiracy theory or, or something like that. if rather than attempting to lambaste people with reasons why they're wrong, can be simply to ask them questions about why they believe the thing they do. and to some extent to undermine so

cooperation now remains as essential as ever. unfortunately, the russian federation and belarus continue to violate the foundational intervals of the human charter and the helsinki final act. russia with belarusian support is shown under contempt for the integrity of other states as well as for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of its own people. we have seen russia try to spread disinformation and distract this council from aggression. no amount of russian disinformation can distract from this fact. the kremlin is waging an unprovoked war against ukraine. russia does not want his people to learn the appalling truth about the senseless death it is causing in ukraine. this is why they have forced domestic and foreign independent media outlets to suspend operations in russia or to close currently. this is why it blocked access to these networks. the united states said they will temporarily suspend their work in ukraine. the special monitoring missions have proved invaluable. we join others in expressing our heartfelt condol

hawkins, cooper. i understand the government's arguments but i do not find them persuasive from the standpoint of characterizing this as an especially egregious child pornography offense, that's page 58. let me ask you this, you said senator graham earlier today that you were trying to do what is rational. and you didn't think it was rational to sentence people who have thousands of images by using a computer to the sentencing guidelines to the mandatory range i'm sorry it's not mandatory, to the discretionary range. hon. judge jackson: no, i said judge jackson: the system is designed to be rational. sen. hawley: why isn't it rational to sentence people who have thousands of images on a computer tomorrow time, as opposed to somebody who has one or two pictures in the mail? the more images there are, why wouldn't you want to send that person tomorrow time rather than less? why isn't that rational? judge jackson: i have answered this question and i will stand on what i already answered. sen. hawley: but

the essence of cooperation is as simple as it is powerful. working together and cooperating, our brains expected it would be 20 but it's 26. the extra units are what makes it possible to have stuff go around for both of us where we freely choose it. cooperation does not require coercion and does not work well under coercion. at the same time, that six units is what makes it possible for the increased output of people which is the first step to increasing general prosperity. what about literature? what about history, -- the art? what about science, the rule of law, the mechanisms of government, the genius of enumerating and separating power? all of these things are incredibly important, and must be included in any revival of civic education. but even all of these things, if done perfectly, done better than ever done before, it is still not enough. why? people are most likely to retain a body of knowledge with conviction if they can see how all the pieces of that body of knowledge are tied together by some big idea. the civic education of our p

security cooperation is an important part of this. the department of defense has learned from large-scale assistance programs that for lasting impact of comprehensive engagement plan must mean more than training and equipping. resilient relationships thrive when valued and indeed the line. security cooperation aims to uphold that approach. we aim to help partners with not only specific capabilities but also with institutional integrity. and an ability to promote our shared values. notably, the promotion and protection of human rights and good governance and legitimacy of the security sector. we ioview this as a strategic advantage that this thing wishes us from our competitors. the degree of partnership should not be measured by the quantity security cooperation program but rather by their quality . that includes transparency and effectiveness. we are building a culture of learning and adaptation, drawing on lessons from program successes and program challenges. to see the opportunity for meaningful change we are focusing on three pri

the scale of this cooperation would grow to staggering proportions. the germans would become by far the soviet union's largest trading partner by 1931 and almost every major german firm would received contracts from the red army to build weapons or modernize or build factories more than 255 german firms in total. most of these contracts were in fact mediated by the german army who set up their own secret office in moscow known as moscow center to serve as a negotiating hub for german firms interested in relocating band operations to the soviet union. to give some sense of how significant this effort was in the overall development of soviet military industry by 1940 more than half of all soviet tank production was dependent on german built designed or managed factories. as corporate projects took off. german military leadership also sought to expand direct military to military cooperation. the first of these arrangements centered on salvaging germany's air power in 1923 general von zaik began dispatching german pilots to a soviet air pace in and leapie

the i assess, has often been cited as a model for international cooperation circling, planet earth, at an altitude of around 400 kilometers. now, russia's war in ukraine is having knock on effects even up there. so what's at stake? when the u. s. government decided to impose sanctions on russia. president joe biden made it clear that space activities would also be targeted. we estimated will cut off more than half russians. high tech in porch will strike a blow to the ability to continue to modernize in the military will degrade the aerospace industry, including no space program. in other words, the u. s. will cut to exports of sensitive technology like semiconductors, telecommunication equipment, lasers and sensors. it didn't take long for dmitri ragas in the director general of russia's state space corporation roscoe's most to reply on twitter. he wrote if you block cooperation with us who will save the i assess from uncontrolled di orbiting and falling on the territory of the u. s. or europe, the, i assess, doesn't fly over russia. so all the risks are use rugs in. it's referring to

now, how dangerous, how close are we to see cooperation in space end? well, it depends on what kind of cooperation you're talking about regarding the space station itself, right now, it's operating. normally. we have a customer who's being trained in the united states. santa johnson space center mark is planning to come home on the so use capsule of the moscow central control system called known as suit it, providing our command control when it's over russia. so actual operations are basically fine and the crew is performing as a crew. so notwithstanding, all kinds of things being said on twitter. so despite what's happening here on earth, then, should the astronauts in the cars minutes, do they have any reason to be worried? immediately? no, i mean the cosmo shots all function as a team. so when they're out there, they work well together and in fact, you know, we have good personal and technical and professional relationships with the russians. the question really is a larger one of how long will cooperation be allowed to continue politically? from a t

>> it depends on what kind of cooperation you are talking about. regarding the space station itself, it is operating rmally. we have a cause been not being trained in the united states at johnson space center. mark is planning to come home. the moscow central control system providing control when it is over russia. actual operations are basically fine. the crew is performing as a crew. notwithstanding, all kinds of being said on twitter. brent: despite what is happening on earth, should the astronauts and the cosmonauts -- to they any reason to be worried? >> immediately, no. cosmonauts and astronauts function as aeam. when they are up there, they work well together. weave good personnel and -- good personnel and technical and professional relationships with the russians. the question is how long will cooperation be continued politically from a technic oint -- allowed to continue politically? a variety of things have been said but so far there have been no steps toward actual separation. as was noted, the u.s. and russian sides are very interdepend

well, i mean, you're at the osce, organization for security cooperation in europe. i keep reminding myself of that phrase. when people talk of world war iii, do you think that is overblown or are we very close? look, i wouldn't say that we're very close. but again, we have to manage the escalation risks in such a way that we do not end up pushing this conflict higher and higher up the escalatory ladder. i mean, certainly, there is the potential for that and that is why wise and cool leadership is necessary at this moment to find other ways to exert pressure without leading to a military spiral, getting out of control. michael carpenter, i thank you very much indeed forjoining me on hardtalk. thank you. my pleasure. hello. east—west differences in our weather across the uk for another day on wednesday. on tuesday, it's western areas that saw some rain. another weather front moving in on wednesday with wind and rain, but another one that will weaken considerably as it attempts to move further east across the uk. low pressure on the scene now, and the flow of air aro

the cooperation shows the power of our democracies. i particularly welcome that we will step up our respective action on strengthening democracies, the rule of law, the freedom of media in the world. and we also need to continue adapting our own democracies to a changing world. this is particularly true when it comes to digitalization, in which the protection of personal data and privacy has become so crucial. and therefore, i'm very pleased that we have found an agreement in principle on a new framework for transatlantic data flows. this will enable predictable and trustworthy data flows between the eu and u.s., safeguarding privacy and civil liberties. and i really want to thank commissioner reynders and secretary raimondo for their tireless efforts over the past month to finish a balanced and effective solution. this is another step in our strengthening our partnership. we managed to balance security and the right to privacy and data protection. mr. president, dear joe: putin is trying to turn back the clock to another era an era of

ideas don't get bigger or more important than cooperation. cooperation provides an elegant, attractive, unifying concept that ties all the pieces together, producing what could be called a beautiful skrut ownian elegance that impresses the mind in deep way. the progressive idea emphasizes oppression will be the dividing us into winners and losers, sewing the seeds of suspicion with our fellow citizens. our thread stresses cooperation to common cause, which sews the seeds of faith in our fellow citizens. now, this is not what so many americans hunger for. this is not what our country needs now more than ever before. our story begins with the very simple forms of cooperation taken out of prehistory, things get increasingly interesting as cooperation becomes increasingly catalyzed by the coevolution of voluntary exchange over ever more sophisticated and complex markets. at the common sense society, we will lay this story out along the time line of history. what happened first is what's taught first, which matches the easiest content with the you

the security cooperation tents to be enough away are. if we bring later some southcom militaries nations of united states for training, described to the committee the value of that program. >> that's the professional military education. that's where they come to the war college which is at the lieutenant colonel level. right now at 17 chiefs of defense and six ministers of defense in the united states. they know that they get the best education and training when they come here. they want to come here and what we try to work with his $13 million annually is to have sustained consistent personnel from their militaries defending her professional military education. >> these are relatively small investments in southcom a region without assigned forces as general richardson said and i would suggest to my committee colleagues watch this space. i think there will be a budget submitted to us very soon and look at the dollars for southcom. have a great concern that challenges elsewhere in the world will make these de minimis investments and shrin

prior to cooperation with the soviets. a couple poor officers on hours on end would make it look like they were inside a tank. they had to practice aerial maneuvers and poor german officers had to ride motorcycles with wings strapped to the side. this was hardly an appropriate means to rebuild german military power. the final vision was developing new technologies of war themselves, prototypes that could serve as the basis for a broad general rearmament of germany, aviation and armored warfare technologies. the aims were similar. leon trotskey sought to rebuild. the red army was in disastrous conditions in the aftermath of the russian civil war. the majority of the men had no uniforms let alone working weapons. the majority of the officer corps were unworthy czarist officers many of them aristocrats who had to be monitored closely lest they commit treason. the entire soviet air force down to 73 aircraft, most of which were probably not safe to fly and perhaps most humiliatingly the red army's rusting tank forces were redep

however, they can. scientists and institutes in many parts of the world are halting cooperation with russian researchers and institutions. thousands of russian scientists have signed an open letter condemning the kremlin decision to start a war saying it has no rational justification and will lead to cultural and technological degradation. welcome to this dw special on the huge repercussions. the invasion of ukraine will have on science and research. russian scientists collaborate with peers across the planet and in turn, their agencies are involved in some of the world's top research projects. one example is the fusion reactor ita an international mega project aimed at replicating the fusion processes that occur in the sun. down here on us decades have gone into planning and now building it. and russia has been a key player and supplier of components along the way. another example is son, the european organization for nuclear research. the lab, that house is the large hadron collider. the world's largest particle accelerator. russia only has observe a status that but carried out som